January 31, 2010

430 years ago
1580

Died on this date
Henrique, 68. King of Portugal, 1578-1580. Henrique, the fifth son of King Manuel I, became a Roman Catholic cardinal, and was Archbishop of Lisbon from 1564-1570. He served as regent for his great-nephew Sebastião from 1562-1568, and acceded to the throne upon King Sebastião's death in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir. King Henrique was unable to obtain a release from Pope Gregory XIII to take a bride in order to continue the Aziz dynasty, and died on his 68th birthday, without an heir, and without having appointed a successor. António, Prior of Crato and King Philip II of Spain both claimed the throne; Philip was elected King in 1581.

190 years ago
1820

Born on this date
William B. Washburn. U.S. politician. Mr. Washburn, a moderate Republican, sat in the Massachusetts Senate (1850) and House of Representatives (1853-1855). He represented the state's 9th District in the U.S. House of Representatives (1863-1871), leaving that office to serve as Governor of Massachusetts (1872-1874). Mr. Washburn was then appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Charles Sumner. He represented Massachusetts in the Senate from April 17, 1874 until the end of Mr. Sumner's term on March 3, 1875, and refused to run for office again. Mr. Washburn held various academic posts, and supported numerous Christian missionary societies. He died on October 5, 1887 at the age of 67.

130 years ago
1880

Born on this date
Walter Morris. U.S. baseball player, manager, and executive. Mr. Morris was a shortstop with the St. Louis Cardinals (1908), batting .178 with no home runs and 2 runs batted in in 23 games. He played over 900 games in 12 seasons in the minor leagues (1902-1913). Mr. Morris managed in the minor leagues for 8 years (1908-1932), and helped to organize 13 minor leagues, serving as president of six of them (1916-1950). He died on August 2, 1961 at the age of 81.

110 years ago
1900

Died on this date
Datu Mat Salleh. Bornean rebel leader. Datu Mat Salleh led a series of armed disturbances against the colonial British North Borneo Chartered Company administration in North Borneo (now the Malaysian state of Sabah). After a month of fighting in Tambunan between Mat Salleh's forces and those of the Company, Mat Salleh's fort fell, and he was killed when a shot from a Maxim gun struck him in the left temple.

War
30 days after the commencement of fighting in Tambunan between Bornean rebel forces led by Datu Mat Salleh and forces of the British North Borneo Chartered Company, and four days after Company forces had seized Mat Salleh's fort, the rebel defenses were broken, and about 1,000 of Mat Salleh's followers were killed, in addition to Datu Mat Salleh himself. It took five years before the remainder of the rebel forces were captured or killed, or surrendered.

80 years ago
1930

Technology
3M began marketing Scotch Tape.

70 years ago
1940

Defense
The first of 100 planes ordered from the United States arrived in the Australian capital of Canberra.

Diplomacy
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain asked the nations of the world to be tolerant of U.K. interference with their trade because of the war.

The United States Labor Department modified its deportation order against 68 Czech nationals working for the Bata Shoe Company, permitting them to stay in the U.S. until June 30, 1940.

Economics and finance
Japanese Foreign Minister Hachiro Arita said that his nation did not intend to block the legitimate trading rights of third parties in Asia.

The first U.S. social security cheque was issued to Ida Fuller for $22.54.

Disasters
A blizzard struck north-central Japan, causing 78 deaths.

Tennis
Australia announced that it would retain possession of the Davis Cup until competition was resumed.

60 years ago
1950

On the radio
Philo Vance, starring Jackson Beck
Tonight’s episode: The Sterling Corpse Murder Case

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Distant Island, starring Nancy Carroll, Pat Kirkland, Ruth McDevitt, and William Redfield

War
Taiwan radio broadcast an appeal for aid against a Chinese Communist invasion, which had been threatened daily for two weeks by Radio Peking.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. announced its recognition of the regime of Ho Chi Minh as the government of Vietnam.

Defense
U.S. President Harry Truman ordered the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to develop the hydrogen bomb, anticipated to have up to 1,000 times the explosive force of existing atomic bombs.

Academia
Israel's two universities, Hebrew University and Weizmann Institute of Science, merged, and chose Albert Einstein as president of the new American joint board of directors.

Economics and finance
The U.S. House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee approved a bill to restore $60 million in aid to South Korea, suspended earlier because of the administration of U.S. President Truman's refusal to request funds for the defense of Taiwan.

Italian Prime Minister Alcide de Gasperi outlined to the Italian Assembly a plan to spend 120 billion lire ($192 million) per year on roads, irrigation, land improvement, and other public works in backward southern provinces.

Labour
U.S. President Truman entered the soft-coal dispute by wiring United Mine Workers of America President John L. Lewis and the mine operators a request to resume normal production for 70 days while a presidential fact-finding team tried to arrange a settlement.

Baseball
Paul Pettit, 18, a left-hander who had pitched 6 no-hitters for Narbonne High School in Lomita, California, signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates for a record starting salary of $100,000.

50 years ago
1960

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Backward, Turn Backward, starring Tom Tully, Phyllis Love, and Alan Baxter

40 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Abbey Road (LP)--The Beatles (6th week at #1)

#1 single in France: Venus--The Shocking Blue (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Ma chi se ne importa--Gianni Morandi (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Dein schönstes Geschenk--Roy Black (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)--Edison Lighthouse

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head--Johnny Farnham (2nd week at #1)
2 Down on the Corner/Fortunate Son--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 And When I Die--Blood, Sweat & Tears
4 Take a Letter Maria--R.B. Greaves
5 Holly Holy--Neil Diamond
6 Suspicious Minds--Elvis Presley
7 Picking Up Pebbles--Matt Flinders
8 Something/Come Together--The Beatles
9 Smiley--Ronnie Burns
10 Penny Arcade--Roy Orbison

Singles entering the chart were Venus by the Shocking Blue (#32); Two Little Boys by Rolf Harris (#34); Wonderful World, Beautiful People by Jimmy Cliff (#36); and You've Got to Learn by Kamahl (#40).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Mighty Joe--Shocking Blue (2nd week at #1)
2 Mijn Gebed--D.C. Lewis
3 Marian--The Cats
4 Jin-Go-La-Ba--Santana
5 Het Zal Je Kind Maar Wezen--Adèle Bloemendaal, Leen Jongewaard, Piet Römer en koor
6 Thanks--J. Vincent Edward
7 Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin
8 Seasons--Earth and Fire
9 Wat Een Spreker is Die Man--Seth Gaaikema
10 Reflections of My Life--The Marmalade

Singles entering the chart were Het Stoomlied (Kunst- En Vliegwerk) by Ed & Willem Bever (#22); Get Down with It/Satisfaction by Mack Kissoon (#30); Fat Jack by Hearts of Soul (#32); All My Brothers are Clean by Billy Jones & the Stars (#33); Travelling in the U.S.A. by the Bintangs (#35); Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head by B.J. Thomas (#36); Voodoo Woman by Simon Stokes & the Nighthawks (#37); and Our Father by Unit Gloria (#39).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 I Want You Back--The Jackson 5
2 Venus--The Shocking Blue
3 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
4 Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin
5 Without Love (There is Nothing)--Tom Jones
6 Don't Cry Daddy/Rubberneckin'--Elvis Presley
7 I'll Never Fall in Love Again--Dionne Warwick
8 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin/Everybody is a Star--Sly & the Family Stone
9 Someday We'll Be Together--Diana Ross and the Supremes
10 Leaving on a Jet Plane--Peter, Paul and Mary

Singles entering the chart were Travelin' Band/Who'll Stop the Rain by Creedence Clearwater Revival (#50); The Rapper by the Jaggerz (#79); Oh Well (Part 1) by Fleetwood Mac (#81); New World Coming by Mama Cass Elliot (#82); Down in the Alley by Ronnie Hawkins (#83); Welfare Cadillac by Guy Drake (#93); The Court of the Crimson King--Part 1 by King Crimson (#96); Victoria by the Kinks (#97); Save the Country by Thelma Houston (#98); Superstar by Murray Head with the Trinidad Singers (#99); and I'll See Him Through by Tammy Wynette (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Venus--The Shocking Blue
2 I Want You Back--The Jackson 5
3 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
4 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin--Sly & the Family Stone
5 Someday We'll Be Together--Diana Ross and the Supremes
6 Don't Cry Daddy--Elvis Presley
7 Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin
8 Jingle Jangle--The Archies
9 Without Love (There is Nothing)--Tom Jones
10 I'll Never Fall in Love Again--Dionne Warwick

Singles entering the chart were Bridge Over Troubled Water by Simon & Garfunkel (#67); Never Had a Dream Come True by Stevie Wonder (#68); Evil Ways by Santana (#69); My Elusive Dreams by Bobby Vinton (#84); If You've Got a Heart by Bobby Bland (#86); Then She's a Lover by Roy Clark (#88); Country Preacher by the "Cannonball" Adderley Quintet (#94); Do the Funky Chicken by Rufus Thomas (#98); Victoria by the Kinks (#99); and The Bells by the Originals (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Venus--The Shocking Blue (2nd week at #1)
2 I Want You Back--The Jackson 5
3 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
4 Jingle Jangle--The Archies
5 Don't Cry Daddy/Rubberneckin'--Elvis Presley
6 Without Love (There is Nothing)--Tom Jones
7 Jam Up Jelly Tight--Tommy Roe
8 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin/Everybody is a Star--Sly & the Family Stone
9 Early in the Morning--Vanity Fare
10 I'll Never Fall in Love Again--Dionne Warwick

Singles entering the chart were Travelin' Band/Who'll Stop the Rain by Creedence Clearwater Revival (#64); New World Coming by Mama Cass Elliot (#74); Never Had a Dream Come True by Stevie Wonder (#76); A Friend in the City by Andy Kim (#79); Good Guys Only Win in the Movies by Mel and Tim (#83); Bridge Over Troubled Water by Simon & Garfunkel (#86); Shades of Green by the Flaming Ember (#87); Shilo by Neil Diamond (#89); Mr. Bus Driver by Neal Dover (#92); To Love You by Country Store (#95); Lovely Way She Loves by the Moments (#98); and Victoria by the Kinks (#99).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Venus--The Shocking Blue
2 Jingle Jangle--The Archies
3 I Want You Back--The Jackson 5
4 Don't Cry Daddy/Rubberneckin'--Elvis Presley
5 Without Love (There is Nothing)--Tom Jones
6 Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin
7 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
8 I'll Never Fall in Love Again--Dionne Warwick
9 Winter World of Love--Engelbert Humperdinck
10 Early in the Morning--Vanity Fare

Singles entering the chart were Down in the Alley by Ronnie Hawkins (#72); Travelin' Band by Creedence Clearwater Revival (#79); Give Me Just a Little More Time by the Chairmen of the Board (#80); A Friend in the City by Andy Kim (#81); I've Gotta Make You Love Me by Steam (#82); Always Something There to Remind Me by R.B. Greaves (#83); Bridge Over Troubled Water by Simon & Garfunkel (#87); The Rapper by the Jaggerz (#88); Love Bones by Johnnie Taylor (#90); Dig the Way I Feel by Mary Wells (#91); House of the Rising Sun by Frijid Pink (#97); She Lets Her Hair Down (Early in the Morning) by Gene Pitney (#99); and New World Coming by Mama Cass Elliot (#100).

Politics and government
Lesotho’s Prime Minister, Chief Leabua Jonathan, declared the election of four days earlier invalid and ordered the counting of ballots stopped, saying, "I have seized power and I am not ashamed of it." This was a typical example of Winston Churchill’s description of black African politics: "One man, one vote--one time."

In a showdown with supporters of former Governor George Wallace, Alabama Democrats loyal to the national party pushed through a "statement of principles" that was seen as an effort to seek rapprochement with the state’s Negroes. The restructuring of the internal machinery of the state party’s executive was expected to open the way for Negroes to become party members.

Diplomacy
West German Chancellor Willy Brandt concluded his two-day visit to Paris, receiving approval of his "Ostpolitik" initiative from French leaders.



Defense
U.S. Senator Mike Mansfield (Democrat--Montana) said "Where the hell is it going to end?" in response to President Richard Nixon’s proposed expansion of the Safeguard antiballistic missile system. Sen. Mansfield predicted that the system would cost more than $50 billion.

Labour
A U.S. federal judge ordered the railroad shopcraft unions to end their day-old strike against the Union Pacific Railroad, and ordered the country’s railroads to postpone their planned nationwide lockout for at least 10 days.

Basketball
NCAA
Mississippi 89 @ Louisiana State 109

Pete Maravich scored 53 points and added 12 assists to lead the Tigers to victory before an overflow crowd of 11,000 at LSU Coliseum in Baton Rouge. He sank a 23-foot jump shot in the 2nd half to move past Oscar Robertson as the leading scorer in U.S. collegiate basketball history. Mr. Maravich ended the game with 2,987 career points.

30 years ago
1980

Hit parade
Edmonton’s Top 20 (CHED)
1 I Don’t Like Mondays--The Boomtown Rats (2nd week at #1)
2 Coward of the County--Kenny Rogers
3 Video Killed the Radio Star--The Buggles
4 Crazy Little Thing Called Love--Queen
5 The Long Run--Eagles
6 Jane--Jefferson Starship
7 Don’t Do Me Like That--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
8 Yes I’m Ready--Teri DeSario with K.C.
9 Do That to Me One More Time--Captain & Tennille
10 Tiny Thing--Jenson Interceptor
11 Why Me--Styx
12 Chiquitita--ABBA
13 Message in a Bottle--The Police
14 Babe--Styx
15 A Night to Remember--Prism
16 Rock with You--Michael Jackson
17 Janine--Trooper
18 This is It--Kenny Loggins
19 Sara--Fleetwood Mac
20 Please Don’t Go--KC & the Sunshine Band

Protest
Bella Akhmadulina, a leading Soviet poet, spoke out on behalf of recently-exiled dissident physicist Andrei Sakharov, as Soviet intellectuals grappled with the banishment of one of the 231 full members of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, a distinguished body relatively immune from politics.

25 years ago
1985

Died on this date
Reginald Baker, 88. U.K. film producer. Mr. Baker and his brother Leslie founded Ealing Studios in 1930, which was a major studio, known especially for comedies, until 1959. His son Peter became a Conservative Member of Parliament, but was expelled for forgery, and Mr. Baker was a creditor for many of Peter's companies. Reginald Baker retired to Australia, where he died.

Music
The Beach Boys, with k.d. lang and the reclines as the opening act, performed at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton. This blogger was in attendance, and enjoyed the company of a lovely lady. I paid $15.75 for my ticket.

20 years ago
1990

Politics and government
U.S. President George Bush delivered his annual State of the Union address to Congress. He proposed a ceiling of 225,000 on the number of U.S. and Soviet troops that could be deployed in Europe. Under his plan, no more than 195,000 could be deployed by each side in the central zone of Europe. At present, the U.S. had 300,000 troops in Europe and the U.S.S.R. had 565,000.



Economics and finance
The U.S. Commerce Department reported that the index of leading economic indicators had risen 0.8% in December 1989.

Hockey
NHL
Detroit 7 Edmonton 5

10 years ago
2000

Died on this date
Ralph Manza, 78. U.S. actor. Mr. Manza was a character actor, mainly in television, from the mid-1950s until his death from a heart attack.

Politics and government
Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Guterres, speaking for the other 14 member nations of the European Union, warned against the emergence of the Freedom Party and its leader Joerg Haider as a force in Austrian politics. Mr. Guterres said that "behaviour of a racist or xenophobic character will not be tolerated within the European Union." He stated that Austria faced diplomatic isolation if it allowed the Freedom Party to join a new government. In October 1999 the Freedom Party had won 27% of the vote in Austrian elections, placing second behind the Social Democrats and ahead of the People’s Party. Those two parties had shared power, but the coalition had broken down after the election. Mr. Haider had then explored forming a coalition with the People’s Party. The Freedom Party was opposed to immigration, and Mr. Haider had drawn criticism for making inflammatory remarks.

Crime
Dr. Harold Shipman, a family general practitioner, was sentenced at Preston Crown Court to life in prison by Mr. Justice Thayne Forbes for murdering 15 of his patients, making him the United Kingdom's biggest serial killer. An official inquiry conducted by Dame Janet Smith concluded that Dr. Shipman may have killed as many as 250 patients over 23 years.

Law
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that criminals who commit violent crimes should be eligible for conditional sentences, rejecting calls from the federal and provincial governments to increase prison sentences.

Abominations
Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig suspended Atlanta Braves' relief pitcher John Rocker from spring training and the first 28 days of the season, and fined him $20,000 for exercising his constitution right of freedom of speech and expressing currently unfashionable opinions in a magazine interview that disparaged foreigners, perverts, and freaks.

Business
The government of Canada approved the $8-billion takeover of Canada Trust by Toronto Dominion Bank.

Disasters
Alaska Airlines Flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80 jetliner with 88 aboard, crashed while en route from Puerto Vallarta, Mexico to San Francisco. The National Transportation Safety Board reported the next day that at about 4:15 P.M. the crew had advised air traffic controllers that the plane’s stabilizer--a device that controlled the plane’s up-and-down movement--had jammed. The controllers cleared the flight to land at Los Angeles International Airport, but at 4:21 the plane disappeared from the radar screen. It went into the ocean northwest of Los Angeles, and there were no survivors.

January 30, 2010

1,040 years ago
970

Died on this date
Petar I. Czar of Bulgaria, 927-969. Petar I acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Simeon I. He achieved an early military success and a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire in 927 and then experienced a largely peaceful reign, but suffered territorial losses to Byzantine forces in 968 and 969. Czar Petar suffered a stroke in 969 and abdicated to become a monk. He was succeeded on the throne by his son Boris II.

260 years ago
1730

Died on this date
Peter II, 14. Emperor of Russia, 1727-1730. Peter II, the only son of Prince Alexis and grandson of Peter I (the Great), succeeded his grandfather's second wife Catherine I on the throne. He led a dissolute life despite his tender years, and died of smallpox, ending the direct male line of the Romanov dynasty. Peter II was succeeded on the throne by Anna Ivanovna, daughter of Peter the Great's half-brother and co-ruler Ivan V.

190 years ago
1820

Exploration
U.K. Royal Navy master Edward Bransfield landed on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands and took formal possession on behalf of King George III, who,unbeknownst to the explorers, had died the day before. Master Bransfield then crossed what is now known as Bransfield Strait and sighted Trinity Peninsula, the northernmost point of the Antarctic mainland. He claimed discovery of Antarctica, unaware that three days earlier, Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen may have caught sight of an icy shoreline now known to have been part of East Antarctica.

110 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Martita Hunt. Argentine-born U.K. actress. Miss Hunt, born in Buenos Aires to English parents, moved to England at the age of 20. She appeared in numerous plays in Britain and the United States, and won a Tony Award in 1949 for her starring performance in The Madwoman of Chaillot. Miss Hunt appeared in supporting roles in numerous films from 1932-1969, most notably The Wicked Lady (1945) and Great Expectations (1946). She died of bronchial asthma on June 13, 1969 at the age of 69.

100 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Chidambaram Subramaniam. Indian politician. Mr. Subramaniam, a member of the Indian National Congress Party, was an independence activist before serving as Minister of Education, Law and Finance for Madras State (1952-1962). He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1962, and held various cabinet posts, including Minister of Agriculture (1964-1966); Minister of Finance (1975-1977); and Minister of Defence (1979-1980), resigning after criticizing Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. Mr. Subramaniam was Governor of Maharashtra from 1990-1993. He died on November 7, 2000 at the age of 90.

80 years ago
1930

Abominations
The Politburo of the Soviet Union ordered the extermination of the Kulaks.

70 years ago
1940

Died on this date
Bronislaw Dembjnski. Polish historian. Professor Dembjnski was murdered by the Gestapo in Poland.

War
German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler proclaimed in Berlin that the second phase of the European war, carrying it to the West, was beginning.

12 more people were killed in Hindu-Muslim riots in Rangoon.

Diplomacy
Russo-Japanese negotiations in Tokyo to adjust the Outer Mongolia-Manchukuo border broke down.

Defense
U.S. Army General George Marshall told Congress that the Army would need $40 million to give the nation an air raid warning system.

Politics and government
The U.S. House of Representatives Appropriations Committee cut $154 million from the Agriculture Department's appropriation bill.

Business
An Associated Press report indicated a 67% increase in profits for 1939 over 1938 in the top 100 U.S. corporations.

60 years ago
1950

On television tonight
Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Reservations for Four, starring Dean Harens

At the movies
Unmasked, directed by George Blair, and starring Robert Rockwell, Barbra Fuller, Raymond Burr, and Hilary Brooke, opened in theatres.



Diplomacy
Boston City Council refused to let 14 members of the Japanese Diet, touring the United States on Army invitation to study American democracy, attend a council session.

Politics and government
The West Java State government dissolved itself and asked Indonesian central authorities to take charge of protecting the state from guerrilla bands and Muslim extremists.

Education
East St. Louis, Illinois ended racial segregation in its public schools.

Crime
Former United Auto Workers of America official Carl Bolton went on trial in Detroit for the 1948 shooting of UAW President Walter Reuther.

The New Jersey State Commission on the Habitual Sex Offender reported that laws to curb sex crimes had failed in most of the 12 states which had passed such legislation.

Religion
The Vatican Holy Office ruled that baptisms performed in the Presbyterian, Congregational, Baptist, Methodist, and Disciples of Christ churches were valid.

Economics and finance
The United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway agreed to set up a limited free interchange of currency under an Anglo-Scandinavian financial union, to be called "Uniscan."

U.S. President Harry Truman asked Congress for a $27.4-million contribution to the United Nations relief and public works program for Palestinian Arab refugees.

50 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Joey's Song/Ooh! Look-a-There, Ain't She Pretty?--Bill Haley and his Comets (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Oh! Carol--Neil Sedaka (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Marina--Rocco Granata and the International Quintet (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Why--Anthony Newley (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Running Bear--Johnny Preston (2nd week at #1)
2 Why--Frankie Avalon
3 El Paso--Marty Robbins
4 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
5 You Got What it Takes--Marv Johnson
6 Where or When--Dion and the Belmonts
7 Go, Jimmy, Go--Jimmy Clanton
8 The Big Hurt--Miss Toni Fisher
9 Way Down Yonder in New Orleans--Freddie Cannon
10 Pretty Blue Eyes--Steve Lawrence

Singles entering the chart were Baby (You’ve Got What it Takes) by Dinah Washington & Brook Benton (#71); Delaware by Perry Como (#72); Forever by the Little Dippers (#75); Harbor Lights by the Platters (#80); Too Much Tequila by the Champs (#82); Country Boy by Fats Domino (#84); Eternally by Sarah Vaughan (#85); Money (That's What I Want) by Barrett Strong (#90); Cry Me a River by Janice Harper (#91); Honey Hush by Joe Turner (#92); Up Town by Roy Orbison (#94); Baby What You Want Me to Do by Jimmy Reed (#95); Shake a Hand by LaVern Baker (#96); Teensville by Chet Atkins (#98); Little Bitty Girl (#100)/Wild One (also #100) by Bobby Rydell; and Let the Good Times Roll by Ray Charles (also #100). Honey Hush was a new recording of the song that had been a major hit for Mr. Turner in 1953.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Running Bear--Johnny Preston
2 Lucky Devil--Carl Dobkins, Jr.
3 Lonely Blue Boy--Conway Twitty
4 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
5 Go, Jimmy, Go--Jimmy Clanton
6 Terry--Leigh Bell
7 Down by the Station--The Four Preps
8 Pretty Blue Eyes--Steve Lawrence
9 Little Bitty Girl--Bobby Rydell
10 Why--Frankie Avalon

Singles entering the chart were Beatnik Fly/Sandstorm by Johnny and the Hurricanes (#32); What in the World's Come Over You by Jack Scott (#34); Sweet Nothin's by Brenda Lee (#38); Pink Canary by the Club 93 Rebels (#39); and Above and Beyond by Wynn Stewart (#40).

Politics and government
The African National Party was founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.

40 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): And When I Die--Blood, Sweat & Tears (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Two Little Boys--Rolf Harris (6th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Pretty Belinda--Chris Andrews (2nd week at #1)
2 (Call Me) Number One--The Tremeloes
3 Theresa--Dave Mills
4 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
5 Jam Up Jelly Tight--Tommy Roe
6 Down on the Corner--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 Without Love (There is Nothing)--Tom Jones
8 He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother--The Hollies
9 Na Na Hey Hey (Kiss Him Goodbye)--Steam
10 Don't Cry Daddy--Elvis Presley

Singles entering the chart were All I Have to Do is Dream by Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell (#18); Wonderful World, Beautiful People by Jimmy Cliff (#19); and Take a Letter Maria by R.B. Greaves (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Venus--The Shocking Blue
2 No Time--The Guess Who
3 That's Where I Went Wrong--The Poppy Family
4 Arizona--Mark Lindsay
5 Fancy--Bobbie Gentry
6 I'm Tired--Savoy Brown
7 Walkin' in the Rain--Jay and the Americans
8 He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother--Hollies
9 Thank You Falletinme Be Mice Elf Agin--Sly & the Family Stone
10 Let's Work Together--Wilbert Harrison

Singles entering the chart were Travelin' Band/Who'll Stop the Rain by Creedence Clearwater Revival (#24); Breaking Up is Hard to Do by Lenny Welch (#27); If I were a Carpenter by Johnny Cash and June Carter (#28); and Give Me Just a Little More Time by the Chairmen of the Board (#30).

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 Fancy--Bobbie Gentry
2 Arizona--Mark Lindsay
3 Venus--The Shocking Blue
4 Groovy Grubworm--Harlow Wilcox and the Oakies
5 Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin
6 Jennifer Tomkins--Street People
7 That's Where I Went Wrong--The Poppy Family
8 I'll Never Fall in Love Again--Dionne Warwick
9 No Time--The Guess Who
10 I Want You Back--The Jackson 5

World events
Chief Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho, suspended the constitution, declared a state of emergency, and ordered a curfew in Maseru, the capital, after Lesotho’s first election since independence. The main opposition party leader, Ntsu Mokhehle, who had been claiming victory in the election three days earlier, was arrested.

Protest
Two students were killed and more than 100 wounded after about 2,000 young people tried to storm the Philippine presidential palace. Police and army units used tear gas, bullets, rifle butts, fire hoses, nightsticks, and wicker shields in a running battle with the demonstrators, who hurled stones and gasoline bombs after the assault on the palace was repulsed.

Widespread arson and violence erupted in Haryana state after the Indian government awarded the disputed city of Chandigarh to Punjab state. Mobs in Haryana set fire to buses, trains, government offices, and the homes of government officials. The police opened fire, and at least six deaths were reported.

Diplomacy
West German Chancellor Willy Brandt began a two-day visit to Paris. Meanwhile, his State Secretary Egon Bahr met in Moscow with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko to discuss a possible mutual renunciation-of-force accord.

Economics and finance
In his first Economic Report to Congress, U.S. President Richard Nixon predicted a growth in the national economy of about $50 billion in 1970 and a drop in inflation from 1969. He said that if Congress supported his "prudent" fiscal policy, "overly long and overly severe restraint" in monetary policy could be avoided.

30 years ago
1980

Died on this date
Professor Longhair, 61. U.S. musician. Professor Longhair, whose real name was Henry Roeland "Roy" Byrd, was a New Orleans rhythm and blues pianist in the late 1940s and '50s, who influenced artist such as Fats Domino, Huey Smith, and Allen Toussaint. He dropped out of the limelight in the 1960s, but made a comeback as a jazz pianist in the 1970s. Professor Longhair died of a heart attack in his sleep, in the midst of filming the documentary Piano Players Rarely Ever Play Together (1982).

Defense
South African troops left Zimbabwe Rhodesia after British and Patriotic Front representatives reached an agreement.

20 years ago
1990

Abominations
The 7% Goods and Services Tax bill passed first reading in the Canadian House of Commons.

Diplomacy
After meeting with East German Premier Hans Modrow, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev indicated that German reunification was to be expected, adding, "No one casts any doubt upon it."

10 years ago
2000

Disasters
Kenya Airways Flight 431, an Airbus A 310-304 jet carrying 169 passengers and 10 crew members crashed into the sea one minute after taking off from Abidjan, Ivory Coast, bound for Lagos, Nigeria and Nairobi, Kenya. 10 survivors were pulled from the water.

Football
NFL
Super Bowl XXXIV @ Georgia Dome, Atlanta
St. Louis 23 Tennessee 16

Kurt Warner passed for a Super Bowl record 414 yards to lead the Rams to their first Super Bowl win and their first NFL championship since 1951, when the team was based in Los Angeles (see video). Tennessee quarterback Steve McNair brought the Titans back from a 16-0 deficit, and Al Del Greco’s 43-yard field goal tied the game 16-16 with 2:12 remaining in the 4th quarter. The Rams scored just 18 seconds later on a 73-yard touchdown pass from Mr. Warner to Isaac Bruce. The Titans weren’t finished, however, and they drove to the St. Louis 10-yard line with time for one more play in regulation time. Mr. McNair completed a pass to Kevin Dyson, who was tackled by Mike Jones at the 1-yard line as time expired. 72,625 were in attendance at the Georgia Dome.

January 29, 2010

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Ken Dies!

190 years ago
1820

Died on this date
George III, 81. King of Great Britain and Ireland, 1760-1820; King of Hanover, 1814-1820. George III was the grandson of King George II, and the son of Frederick, Prince of Wales. He was the first monarch of the House of Hanover to be born in England and to speak English as his first language. He succeeded to the throne on the death of George II. Madness, which in recent years has been attributed to the genetic disease porphyria as well as to arsenic poisoning, increasingly affected King George in his later years, and in 1810 he was replaced as regent by his eldest son, who succeeded to the throne as King George IV upon the death of George III. King George III died six days after the death of his son Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn.

160 years ago
1850

Politics and government
Henry Clay (Whig--Kentucky) introduced the Compromise of 1850 into the United States Senate. The compromise included: the admission of California as a free state; the organization of New Mexico and Utah territories without mention of slavery, the status of that institution to be determined by the territories themselves when they were ready to be admitted as states; the prohibition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia; a more stringent fugitive slave law; and the settlement of Texas boundary claims by federal payment of $10 million on the debt contracted by the Republic of Texas.

150 years ago
1860

Born on this date
Anton Chekhov. Russian playwright and author. Dr. Chekhov, a physician by trade, wrote the novel The Shooting Party (1884) and several novellas, but was known for the plays The Seagull (1896); Uncle Vanya (1899-1900); Three Sisters (1901); and The Cherry Orchard (1904)--and for more than 280 short stories. He died of tuberculosis on July 15, 1904 at the age of 44.

130 years ago
1880

Born on this date
W.C. Fields. U.S. actor. Mr. Fields, born William Claude Dukenfield, was famous (and beloved by this blogger) for his misanthropic persona, side-of-the-mouth vocal delivery, large nose, juggling skill, and fondness for alcohol. His movies included It's a Gift (1934); You Can't Cheat an Honest Man (1939); and Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941). He died on December 25, 1946 at the age of 66 as a result of years of heavy drinking.

110 years ago
1900

Baseball
Under the leadership of Ban Johnson, the American League was organized in Philadelphia, with franchises in Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Milwaukee and Minneapolis. The AL competed as a minor league in 1900 before challenging the National League as a major league in 1901.

70 years ago
1940

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce
Tonight’s episode: The Second Stain

French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier delivered a nationwide broadcast titled The Nazi's Aim is Slavery.

War
German planes bombed targets along 550 miles of Britain's east coast from Shetland to Kent.

Hindu-Muslim clashes in Rangoon continued despite appeals by Burmese civic and religious leaders for harmony.

Diplomacy
A spokesman for the Japanese Foreign Office asserted that Japan must affirm continuation of the Anti-Comintern pact because Communism was the antithesis of Japan's goals.

The Pan-American Neutrality Committee announced a resolution to standardize treatment of citizens of belligerent countries.

Politics and government
Supporters of New York City District Attorney Thomas Dewey said that they would enter his name in the Illinois primary in April for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States in the November 1940 election.

Law
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the U.S. government's contention that a federal appeals court had no right to supervise the Federal Communications Commission.

Disasters
Three trains on the Nishinari Line in Osaka, Japan collided and exploded while approaching Ajikawaguchi Station; 181 people were killed.

60 years ago
1950

Died on this date
Ahmad I, 64 or 65. Sheikh of Kuwait, 1921-1950. Sheikh Sir Ahmad I, the son of Sheikh Jaber II, succeeded his uncle Salem on the throne. He was the lead cavalry commander and founder of the Military of Kuwait and the Directorate of Public Security Force. Sheikh Sir Ahmad was succeeded by his cousin Abdullah III.

R. Sudiman, 40. Indonesian military officer. General Sudiman, the Japanese-trained chief of staff of the Indonesian Army, died of tuberculosis.

Diplomacy
Ethiopia protested to the United Nations against the appointment of General Guglielmo Nasi as Governor of Italian Somaliland, charging that he was once listed as a war criminal by the Allies for his actions during the Italo-Ethiopian War.

Archaeology
Dr. George F. Carter of Johns Hopkins University reported in Geographical Review that studies in a cliff near La Jolla, California indicated that man lived in North America 40,000 years ago rather than 4,000-20,000 years ago, as previously believed.

Protest
Three Ku Klux Klan groups--Federated Klans of Alabama, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, and Association of Carolina Klans--united in Jacksonville, Florida to combat the Federal Council of Churches of Christ, B'nai B'rith, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples.

Economics and finance
Belgium became the first nation to wipe out its indebtedness to the International Monetary Fund, completing repayment of a 1947-48 $33-million loan.

U.S. Budget Director Frank Pace said in a broadcast that the 1951 deficit may be considerably less than the $5.1 billion anticipated in President Harry Truman's budget message.

50 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Starry Eyed--Michael Holliday

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Starry Eyed--Michael Holliday

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: The Fever, starring Everett Sloane and Vivi Janiss

40 years ago
1970

On television tonight
Dragnet 1970, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Homicide: Who Killed Who?



Died on this date
Basil Liddell Hart, 74. French-born U.K. historian and strategist. Sir Basil, born in Paris to English parents, served as a British Army captain during World War I, and remained in the service until 1927. He was known for his influential military history books from the 1920s onward, in which he argued against the use of frontal assault and in favour of the "indirect approach" and reliance on fast-moving armoured formations. Sir Basil's ideas were influential not only in Britain, but in the United States, Australia, and other countries.

Politics and government
Jomo Kenyatta was inaugurated into his second term as President of Kenya.

Indianica
The Indian government ended three years of indecision over the possession of the capital Chandigarh--shared by the predominantly Sikh state of Punjab and the Hindu state of Haryana--by awarding the city to Punjab.

30 years ago
1980

Died on this date
Jimmy Durante, 86. U.S. entertainer. Mr. Durante, nicknamed "The Great Schnozzola" because of his large nose, was one of the most popular stars in the United States from the 1920s through the 1960s as a singer, pianist, comedian, and actor. His distinctive New York-accented gravelly voice is still widely imitated. Mr. Durante retired in 1972 after an incapacitating stroke, and died 12 days before his 87th birthday.

Diplomacy
American and Canadian officials announced the successful escape from Iran the previous day of six U.S. diplomats who were not among those who had been taken hostage in the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979. Canadian diplomats led by Ken Taylor had protected the Americans and aided in their flight.

War
A Conference of Islamic States passed a resolution calling for the immediate withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

Popular culture
Rubik's Cube, patented in Hungary as the "Magic Cube" five years earlier, made its international debut at the Ideal Toy Corporation in Earl's Court, London.

25 years ago
1985

Politics and government
Oxford University dons, by a vote of 738-319, voted to deny British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher an honourary degree. Academics led a campaign against honouring Mrs. Thatcher in protest against the government's cuts in funding for education.

20 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Midnight Taxi--Miho Nakayama

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (9th week at #1)

Politics and government
Former Progressive Conservative MP and Justice Minister Ray Hnatyshyn was sworn in as Canada’s 24th Governor General, succeeding Jeanne Sauve.

It was announced that former Bulgarian Communist Party leader Todor Zhivkov, under house arrest since January 18 on charges of malfeasance in office and misuse of government property and money, had been transferred to a prison.

A congress of Poland’s United Workers’ (Communist) Party in Warsaw voted overwhelmingly to disband and create at once a new Social Democracy Party. Some former Communist Party members bolted and formed yet another new group, the Social Democratic Union.

Protest
A judge investigating the violence in December 1989 in Timosoara, Romania, said that only 95 civilian deaths had been verified, contrary to earlier reports that there had been thousands of victims.

Diplomacy
U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle concluded a three-day visit to Panama, Honduras, and Jamaica. His purpose was to explain the Latin American policy of the administration of U.S. President George Bush.

Society
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney deplored a motion by the city council of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario declaring English the official language of the municipality.

Scandal
Marilyn Harrell, a private escrow agent, pled guilty in U.S. federal court to embezzling $4.5 million that was supposed to go to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. She also admitted underreporting income on her tax return for 1987. Ms. Harrell had previously claimed that she had given much of the money to charities and the poor, and had been nicknamed "Robin HUD." Prosecutors said that Ms. Harrell had been "her own biggest charity."

Economics and finance
U.S. President George Bush submitted a budget for the 1991 fiscal year to Congress that called for no increase in taxes. The $1.23-trillion budget included a small cut in real spending for defense--a 1.9% increase in outlays that was below the rate of inflation. Larger cuts were proposed for some domestic programs, but not for environmental programs, the war on drugs, and space projects. Overall, the budget adhered to the deficit limitation of the Gramm-Rudman law, but the Congressional Budget Office and some economists said that the deficit projections were based on economic forecasts that were far too optimistic.

Bank of Canada Governor John Crow told a Canadian Senate banking committee that any reduction in interest rates would have to be done cautiously and gradually.

10 years ago
2000

Boxing
The dismal professional career of American heavyweight Isaac Poole, which had begun in 1988, ended when he was knocked out in the 1st round by Reynaldo Minus (15-5) in Nassau. Those who wish to see professional boxing abolished can use Mr. Poole as evidence for their case. In 23 professional fights he won 2 and lost 21. He was knocked out 16 times, with 8 of his knockout losses coming in the first round and 6 in the second round. One of his two wins was a 4-round decision in Hialeah, Florida on January 22, 1999 over 58-year-old Levi Forte, who was coming off a 21-year layoff, and whose six most recent fights from 1969-1977 had ended in defeat. Mr. Poole was 38 when he fought Mr. Forte.

January 28, 2010

410 years ago
1600

Born on this date
Clement IX. Roman Catholic Pope, 1667-1669. Clement IX, born Giulio Rospigliosi, was a Vatican diplomat before being appointed to the College of Cardinals in 1657. He succeeded Alexander VII as pope, and had an uneventful papacy. Clement IX allegedly died of a broken heart, on December 9, 1669 at the age of 69; he was succeeded by Clement X.

120 years ago
1890

Born on this date
Robert Stroud. U.S. criminal and ornithologist. Mr. Stroud was a murderer whose death sentence was commuted to life in prison in solitary confinement, first at Leavenworth Penitentiary in Kansas (1920-1942), and then at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in California (1942-1959) and Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri (1959-1963). While at Leavenworth, he found a nest with three injured sparrows, and began studying ornithology, eventually writing the book Diseases of Canaries (1933). Mr. Stroud became famous as the "Birdman of Alcatraz," although he was not allowed to keep birds when he was transferred from Leavenworth. Mr. Stroud died on November 21, 1963 at the age of 73.

100 years ago
1910

Born on this date
John Banner. Austro-Huugarian born U.S. actor. A native of Vienna, Mr. Banner was best known for playing Sergeant Schultz in the television comedy series Hogan's Heroes (1965-1971). Like Werner Klemperer, who played Colonel Klink in the series, and Leon Askin, who played General Burkhalter, Mr. Banner was Jewish. He died in Vienna of an abdominal hemorrhage on January 28, 1973, his 63rd birthday.

90 years ago
1920

Defense
The Spanish Legion was founded.

70 years ago
1940

War
Japanese forces tightened their blockade of Tientsin, China.

Diplomacy
Italian Foreign Minister Count Ciano urged a new anti-Comintern grouping, omitting Germany from the revised agreement.

A Gallup Poll reported that 34% of the American people had given thought to an international peace after the war, and favoured the creation of a new international organization and complete disarmament.

Protest
Riots among pacifists, Communists, and military personnel erupted in Auckland, New Zealand.

Religion
The German government of Fuehrer Adolf Hitler denied Vatican charges of persecution against Polish Catholics and the closing of their churches.

60 years ago
1950

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Lavender Blue (Dilly Dilly)--Burl Ives; Dinah Shore (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I Can Dream, Can't I?--The Andrews Sisters with Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra (Best Seller--3rd week at #1; Disc Jockey--4th week at #1; Jukebox--2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I Can Dream, Can't I?--The Andrews Sisters with Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra (4th week at #1)
2 Dear Hearts and Gentle People--Bing Crosby
--Dinah Shore
3 The Old Master Painter--Dick Haymes
--Richard Hayes
--Phil Harris and his Orchestra
4 A Dreamer's Holiday--Perry Como and the Fontane Sisters
--Buddy Clark with the Girl Friends
5 Mule Train--Frankie Laine and the Muleskinners
--Bing Crosby
--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
--Tennessee Ernie
6 Slipping Around--Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
7 There's No Tomorrow--Tony Martin
8 I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
9 Don't Cry, Joe--Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra
10 Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo (The Magic Song)--Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae
--Perry Como

Singles entering the chart were Rag Mop, with versions by the Ames Brothers; Ralph Flanagan and his Orchestra; Lionel Hampton and his Orchestra; and Johnnie Lee Wills and his Boys (#33); Blues Stay Away from Me by Owen Braldy and his Quintet (#35); Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy, with versions by Red Foley; and Bing Crosby (#37); and Daddy's Little Girl by the Mills Brothers (#39).

Politics and government
Bolivian President Mamerto Urriolagoitia appointed a new cabinet from his Republican Socialist Union Party after failing in efforts to bring opposition parties into a coalition government.

A new Italian cabinet, headed by Prime Minister Alcide de Gasperi of the Christian Democratic Party, took office following a routine shuffle.

Medicine
Cornell University researchers reported that preliminary tests indicated that the hormone ACTH may prevent some common blindness-producing eye diseases.

Economics and finance
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization reported the complete disruption of Burma's rice economy by bandits, who stole rice and sold it back to the government at exorbitant prices, forcing sharp curtailment of Burmese rice exports.

The U.S. Veterans Administration reported that war veterans had a "splendid record" so far on repayment of their GI Bill loans.

50 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?--Emile Ford and the Checkmates (6th week at #1)

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The St. Louis Story, with guest stars Leo Gordon, Anthony George, and David Brian

Died on this date
Zora Neale Hurston, 69. U.S. folklorist. Miss Hurston was known for studying and writing about the people of the Negro town of Eatonville, Florida and the surrounding area. Her best-known book was the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). Miss Hurston died three weeks after her 69th birthday.

Football
NFL
The National Football League announced expansion teams for Dallas to start in the 1960 season and Minneapolis-St. Paul for the 1961 season.

40 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Reflections of My Life--The Marmalade

On television tonight
Then Came Bronson, starring Michael Parks, on NBC
Tonight's episode: That Undiscovered Country...

Politics and government
Two days of voting in Lesotho's first general election since gaining her independence in 1966 concluded with the opposition Basutoland Congress Party taking 36 of 60 seats in Parliament, an increase of 11 from the BCP's total in the most recent election in 1965. The governing Basotholand National Party dropped from 31 to 23 seats, while the Marematlou Freedom Party won the remaining seat. Two days later, the Basotholand National Party staged a coup d'état, annulled the election, dissolved Parliament, and suspended the constitution.

The United States House of Representatives failed by 52 votes to override President Richard Nixon’s veto of the $19.7-billion health, education, and welfare bill. The vote in favour of the bill was 226-191.

Czechoslovakian Premier Oldrich Cernik, 49, resigned at a meeting of the Czechoslovakian Communist Party in Prague and was replaced by pro-Soviet hard-liner Lubomir Strougal, 45. Seven others resigned in a meeting regarded by many observers as a showdown between moderate conservative Gustav Husak, who had succeeded Alexander Dubcek as party leader the year before, and U.S.S.R. hard-liners, who were demanding the purge of all leaders responsible for trying to liberalize Czechoslovakian Communism. After the session, the resignation of Mr. Dubcek, who had left the country three days earlier to take up a new position as Ambassador to Turkey, of his seat on the Central Committee, was announced. Deputy Premier Josef Kempny, who quit with Mr. Cernik, was named to succeed Mr. Strougal as head of the Czechoslovakian Bureau.

Law
A bill coupling an intensified U.S. federal attack on illicit drug traffic and use with a reduction of penalties for possession of some drugs was passed unanimously by the U.S. Senate. The bill included a modified version of the controversial "no knock" provision allowing federal agents to break into a home without warning if they had reason to believe that narcotics would be destroyed if notice were given.

Crime
Judge Julius Hoffman ruled that former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark could make "no relevant or material contribution" to the conspiracy trial of the "Chicago Seven," and refused to permit him to testify as a defense witness. Defense attorney William Kunstler said that he could recall no American criminal case in which a defense witness was barred from testifying.

A jury in Newark found reputed Mafiosos Angelo "Gyp" DeCarlo and Daniel "Red" Cecere guilty on all six charges of violations of the Extortionate Transactions Statute. Two other co-defendants, Peter Landusco and Joseph Polverino, had been granted severance and postponement of trial for medical reasons. The accused each ended up being sentenced to 12 years in prison and a $20,000 fine. The trial concerned the influence of the Mafia over every facet of business, political, and social life in New Jersey.

Society
The South African government announced that Arthur Ashe, the Negro American tennis star, would be refused a visa to play as an individual in the South African open championships, but said that it would permit him to visit as a member of an American Davis Cup team if the team should play in South Africa.

Disasters
A train and bus crash near Johannesburg killed 23 children and injured 13.

A commuter plane flying from Cleveland to Detroit plunged into Lake Erie, killing all 9 aboard.

Boxing
Former world champion Emile Griffith (61-11) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Doyle Baird (28-3-1) before about 7,000 fans at Cleveland Arena in a bout that was billed as being for the North American middleweight title.



30 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Daitokai--Crystal King

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Háblame de Tí--Pecos (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Sun of Jamaica--Goombay Dance Band (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
Family, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Hard Times

World events
The New York Times reported that dissident Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov, recently exiled to Gorky, was under police supervision and had been forbidden to communicate by telephone or mail with foreigners or even relatives abroad. His wife, Yelena Bonner, brought a written statement from Dr. Sakharov saying that he wanted a public and open trial and did not need a "gilded cage."

Politics and government
U.S. Senator and Democratic Party presidential candidate Ted Kennedy, attempting to recover from his loss to President Jimmy Carter in the previous week’s Iowa caucuses, proposed an immediate six-month wage freeze followed by mandatory wage and price controls; immediate gasoline rationing to help free the nation from dependence on Middle East oil; and the immediate establishment of a United Nations commission to investigate Iranian grievances against the deposed Shah, to begin work as soon as the 50 U.S. hostages in the embassy in Tehran were freed.

Labour
The school system in Chicago shut down when teachers went on strike to protest proposed layoffs and delinquent paycheques. The fiscal crisis of the Chicago school board had been apparent since November 13, 1979 when its credit rating plummeted; it was estimated that the board needed $500-700 million to avoid bankruptcy.

Disasters
USCGC Blackthorn collided with the tanker Capricorn while leaving Tampa, Florida and capsized, killing 23 Coast Guard crew members.

20 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Love Shack--The B-52's (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Girl I'm Gonna Miss You--Milli Vanilli (9th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 All Around the World--Lisa Stansfield (4th week at #1)
2 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
3 Listen to Your Heart--Roxette
4 I Feel the Earth Move--Martika
5 Leave a Light On--Belinda Carlisle
6 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
7 We Didn't Start the Fire--Billy Joel
8 The Road to Hell (Part 2)--Chris Rea
9 Girl I'm Gonna Miss You--Milli Vanilli
10 Bakerman--Laid Back

Singles entering the chart were This is the Right Time by Lisa Stansfield (#23); Easy by Ice MC (#28); and I'm Not the Man I Used to Be by Fine Young Cannibals (#29).

Died on this date
Sandra "Puma" Jones, 36. U.S. singer. Miss Jones was a member of the Jamaican reggae group Black Uhuru from 1979-1987. She died after a long battle with breast cancer.

Protest
Tens of thousands of Romanian pro-democracy demonstrators took to the streets of Bucharest to protest against the interim government of Premier Ion Iliescu.

Football
NFL
Super Bowl XXIV @ Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans
San Francisco 55 Denver 10

Joe Montana completed 22 of 29 passes (including 13 straight completions at one point) for 297 yards and 5 touchdowns in leading the 49ers to their second straight Super Bowl win, which was basically over at halftime, when the 49ers led 27-3 before 72,919 fans (see video). Mr. Montana was the game’s Most Valuable Player. Jerry Rice, who caught 7 passes for 148 yards, was on the receiving end of 3 of Mr. Montana’s touchdown passes, with the others going to Brent Jones and John Taylor. Tom Rathman rushed for 2 touchdowns on short runs, and Roger Craig rushed 1 yard for the game’s final major score. Mike Cofer was successful on 7 of 8 convert attempts. Denver quarterback John Elway scored the Broncos’ only touchdown on a 3-yard run in the third quarter. David Treadwell, who had kicked a 42-yard field goal in the first quarter, converted. Mr. Craig led all rushers with 69 yards, and caught 5 passes for 34. Mr. Rathman rushed for 38 yards and caught 4 passes for 43. Mr. Taylor caught 3 passes for 49 yards and returned 3 punts for 38. The 49ers amassed 461 yards in net offense. Mr. Elway completed just 10 of 26 passes for 108 yards and 2 interceptions. Bobby Humphrey led the Broncos with 61 yards rushing and 38 yards on 3 pass receptions. George Seifert, who had replaced the retired Bill Walsh, won the Super Bowl in his first season as an NFL head coach.

January 27, 2010

220 years ago
1790

Born on this date
Juan Álvarez Hurtado. 24th President of Mexico, 1855. General Álvarez was a liberal reformer, republican, and federalist who was a longtime caudillo (regional leader) in southern Mexico. He served as interim President of Mexico from October-December 1855, following the Antonio López de Santa Anna. Gen. Álvarez died on August 21, 1867 at the age of 77.

190 years ago
1820

Exploration
A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovered the Antarctic continent, approaching the Antarctic coast.

160 years ago
1850

Born on this date
Edward Smith. U.K. naval officer. Captain Smith was a Royal Naval Reserve and merchant navy officer who became commodore of the White Star Line in 1904. He was captain of RMS Titanic, and was 62 when he became one of the more than 1,500 people aboard the ship who died when she sank on her maiden voyage on April 15, 1912.

Samuel Gompers. U.K.-born U.S. labour leader. Mr. Gompers, a cigarmaker, helped to found the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in 1881, which was reorganized as the American Federation of Labor in 1886. He served as the AFL's president from 1886 until his death, except for 1895. Mr. Gompers died on December 13, 1924 at the age of 74.

John Collier. U.K. artist. Mr. Collier was one of the most prominent portrait painters of his generation, painting in a Pre-Raphaelite style. He died on April 11, 1934 at the age of 84.

130 years ago
1880

Technology
Thomas Edison was granted a patent for his incandescent light.

110 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Hyman Rickover. Polish-born U.S. military officer. Admiral Rickover moved to the United State with his family at the age of 6. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1918, graduating in 1922. Adm. Rickover was known as the "Father of the Nuclear Navy," directing the original development of naval nuclear propulsion and controlling its operations for three decades as director of the U.S. Naval Reactors office. He was perhaps best known for his association with nuclear-powered submarines. The Navy, under Adm. Rickover's leadership, never experienced a nuclear reactor accident. Adm. Rickover later stated a desire that all nuclear-powered vessels be sunk, but had no regrets about building them, because they were necessary for national security. Adm. Rickover attracted opposition within the service, and was forced into retirement on January 31, 1982, four days after his 82nd birthday. His 63 years of active duty service remain a record for the U.S. armed forces, and he was one of four people to receive two Congressional Gold Medals. Adm. Rickover died on July 8, 1986 at the age of 86.

100 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Edvard Kardelj. Yugoslavian politician. Colonel General Kardelj, a Communist, served as a Slovene partisan during World War II. He held various posts in the Yugoslavian government of President Marshal Josip Broz Tito, including Deputy Prime Minister (1946-1963); Minister of Foreign Affairs (1948-1953); and member of the Presidency of Yugoslavia for Slovenia (1974-1979). Col. Gen. Kardelj died of colon cancer on February 10, 1979, two weeks after his 69th birthday.

Died on this date
Thomas Crapper, 73. U.K. plumbing executive and inventor. Mr. Crapper founded the company that became Thomas Crapper & Co. in 1861. He held nine patents, including three for water closet improvements, such as the floating ballcock. The belief that the word "crap" in reference to human waste comes from Mr. Crapper's name is erroneous. Mr. Crapper died of colon cancer.

Politics and government
Liberal candidate Peter Mackenzie, running without opposition, won a Québec provincial by-election in the riding of Richmond, 10 days after being appointed Treasurer of Québec by Premier Lomer Gouin.

75 years ago
1935

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Louis Hector and Leigh Lovell, on NBC

70 years ago
1940

War
South Africa's House of Assembly defeated a motion by General T.B.M. Hertzog to halt the war with Germany.

A clash between Hindus and Muslims in Rangoon resulted in 1 death and 46 injuries.

Diplomacy
Japanese diplomats gathering in Budapest recommended a reaffirmation of the Anti-Comintern Pact despite the Germany-U.S.S.R. non-aggression pact of 1939.

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King announced that the federal election would be held on March 26.

60 years ago
1950

Television
The Emmy Awards for 1949-50 were presented at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles; the awards were primarily given to Los Angeles-based programs and stations. The Ed Wynn Show (KTTV) was named Best Live Show, and Mr. Wynn was named Best Live Personality. Texaco Star Theatre (KNBH) was named Best Kinescoped Show, while its host, Milton Berle, was named Best Kinescoped Personality. The Life of Riley was named the Best Film Made for and Viewed on Television.

War
Chinese Communists said that the last two Nationalist armies operating in Yunan Province near the indochina border had been "completely annihilated," following French reports that 55,000 Nationalist soldiers had fled to Indochina.

Defense
The U.S.A. signed agreements in Washington granting $1 billion in military aid to the United Kingdom, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, and Denmark, under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization defense plan.

University of Chicago chemist Harold C. Urey, who had won a Nobel Prize for discovering heavy hydrogen, said in New York that the hydrogen bomb should be developed and built.

Politics and government
The United Nations Trusteeship Council in Geneva approved an agreement permitting Italy to administer Italian Somaliland as a UN trust territory for 10 years.

Panamanian police arrested former Interior Minister Jose Daniel Crespo after he demanded that an electoral jury decision giving the presidency to Arnulfo Arias be voided.

Society
The Temperance League of America and the National Temperance Movement of America merged in Chicago to form the National Temperance League, Inc.

40 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): En Man i Byrån--Lill Lindfors (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Venus--The Shocking Blue (4th week at #1)

Died on this date
Rocco D'Assunta, 65. Italian actor. Mr. D'Assunta was known for his comic performances on radio and in films from the 1930s through the '60s. He died 11 days before his 66th birthday.

Disasters
Snow avalanches in Iran’s Elburz Mountains killed 43 people and injured 100.

Boxing
Al Jones (29-1-2), one of the top contenders for the world heavyweight title, fought a 10-round draw with Luis Faustino Pires (13-5-1) at Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida. Mr. Jones broke his right hand in the first round; it was an injury that was to recur in later bouts and curtail a fine career.

30 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Montego Bay--Jon Stevens

#1 single in Switzerland: I Have a Dream--ABBA (2nd week at #1)

Abominations
Rhodesian opposition leader Robert Mugabe made a triumphant return to his home country after five years in exile. Cheering crowds greeted Mr Mugabe's arrival in the capital, Salisbury, from Mozambique where he had been gathering support for his Zimbabwe African National Union party.

Diplomacy
Newly-elected Iranian President Abolhassan Bani-Sadr took a tough stand and charged the United States with the major responsibility for ending the crisis at the U.S. embassy in Tehran, where 50 people had been held hostage by Iranian militants since November 4, 1979.

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 3 @ Philadelphia 5

Football
NFL
Pro Bowl @ Aloha Stadium, Honolulu
NFC 37 AFC 27

This was the first Pro Bowl to be held at Aloha Stadium. New Orleans Saints’ running back Chuck Muncie was the Most Valuable Player. John McKay of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers was the winning head coach over Bum Phillips of the Houston Oilers.

25 years ago
1985

Football
NFL
Pro Bowl @ Aloha Stadium, Honolulu
AFC 22 NFC 14

New York Jets’ defensive end Mark Gastineau was the Most Valuable Player. Chuck Noll of the Pittsburgh Steelers was the winning head coach over Mike Ditka of the Chicago Bears.

20 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Love Shack--The B-52's (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Lambada--Kaoma (18th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Pump Up the Jam--Technotronic (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (6th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Les Valses de Vienne--François Feldman

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Tears on My Pillow--Kylie Minogue

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 All Around the World--Lisa Stansfield (4th week at #1)
2 Got to Get--Rob 'n' Raz featuring Leila K
3 Me So Horny--The 2 Live Crew
4 Homely Girl--UB40
5 Get a Life--Soul II Soul
6 Eleni--Cees Tol & Thomas Tol
7 Words--The Christians
8 Inna City Mamma--Neneh Cherry
9 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt featuring Aaron Neville
10 Everlasting Love--U2

Singles entering the chart were I Wish it Would Rain Down by Phil Collins (#26); Het is Hier Binnen Beter Dan Buiten by De Deurzakkers (#27); Show'm the Bass by M.C. Miker "G" (#28); Fool for Your Loving by Whitesnake (#33); and Sacrifice by Elton John (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 How am I Supposed to Live Without You--Michael Bolton (2nd week at #1)
2 Pump Up the Jam--Technotronic featuring Felly
3 Downtown Train--Rod Stewart
4 Everything--Jody Watley
5 Two to Make it Right--Seduction
6 Just Between You and Me--Lou Gramm
7 Free Fallin'--Tom Petty
8 Opposites Attract--Paula Abdul (Duet with the Wild Pair)
9 I Remember You--Skid Row
10 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins

Singles entering the chart were Love Will Lead You Back by Taylor Dayne (#55); Dirty Deeds by Joan Jett (#80); Walk on By by Sybil (#82); Get Up! (Before the Night is Over) by Technotronic (#86); If U were Mine by the U-Krew (#87); Let Love Rule by Lenny Kravitz (#89); There's a Party Going On by Yvonne (#90); and Fly High Michelle by Enuff Z'Nuff (#91).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Pump Up the Jam--Technotronic featuring Felly (2nd week at #1)
2 How am I Supposed to Live Without You--Michael Bolton
3 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
4 Downtown Train--Rod Stewart
5 Everything--Jody Watley
6 Just Between You and Me--Lou Gramm
7 Rhythm Nation--Janet Jackson
8 Free Fallin'--Tom Petty
9 Love Song--Tesla
10 Two to Make it Right--Seduction

Singles entering the chart were Love Will Lead You Back by Taylor Dayne (#69); Just a Friend by Biz Markie (#75); Sacrifice by Elton John (#77); Whole Wide World by A'me Lorain (#78); Dirty Deeds by Joan Jett (#81); Anything I Want by Kevin Paige (#83); All My Life by Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville) (#86); House of Fire by Alice Cooper (#87); All Nite by Entouch (featuring Keith Sweat (#89); To Know Someone Deeply is to Know Someone Softly by Terence Trent D'Arby (#91); and Real Love by Skyy (#92).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (7th week at #1)
2 Downtown Train--Rod Stewart
3 Just Between You and Me--Lou Gramm
4 Pump Up the Jam--Technotronic featuring Felly
5 We Didn't Start the Fire--Billy Joel
6 Free Fallin'--Tom Petty
7 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
8 Blame it on the Rain--Milli Vanilli
9 Janie's Got a Gun--Aerosmith
10 Rhythm Nation--Janet Jackson

Singles entering the chart were Show Don't Tell by Rush (#75); What was Going Through My Head by the Grapes of Wrath (#80); Inside Out by Crash Vegas (#82); Was it Nothing at All by Michael Damian (#84); We Can't Go Wrong by Cover Girls (#86); I'll Be Good to You by Quincy Jones (#88); All or Nothing by Milli Vanilli (#90); I Wish it Would Rain by Phil Collins (#92); The Deeper the Love by Whitesnake (#94); and No Myth by Michael Penn (#96).

Diplomacy
U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle began a three-day visit to Panama, Honduras, and Jamaica to explain the policy of the administration of President George Bush on Latin America.

Politics and government
A congress of Poland’s United Workers’ (Communist) Party opened in Warsaw, with 1,600 delegates in attendance.

Hockey
NHL
Montreal 5 Toronto 3

10 years ago
2000

Died on this date
Friedrich Gulda, 69. Austrian musician. Mr. Gulda was a pianist who played both classical music and jazz in a performing and recording career from the 1940s through the rest of his life. He also composed classical and jazz works.

Politics and government
The Reform Party of Canada opened the convention in Ottawa that was destined to change its course (and its name) and lead to the creation of the Canadian Alliance party.

U.S. President Bill Clinton delivered his annual State of the Union address to Congress. He boasted that the country had never been in better shape, noting that crime, teen births, and welfare rolls were down, and adoptions were up. Mr. Clinton also offered various proposals for the future, including support for a limited tax cut, with special emphasis on help for married couples. He advocated state licensing for all handguns. His many spending proposals included more for Head Start; school construction; teacher salaries; and prescription drug benefits under Medicare. Mr. Clinton urged the removal of remaining trade barriers and asked Congress to establish "normal trade relations" with China by opening China’s markets to the U.S. He also made frequent mention of Vice-President Al Gore, who was seated behind him, and whom he endorsed to succeed him as President.



Weather
Northern lights were visible in Edmonton.

January 26, 2010

510 years ago
1500

Exploration
Vicente Yáñez Pinzón became the first European to set foot in Brazil, disembarking on the shore called "Praia do Paraíso" in present-day Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco.

390 years ago
1620

Died on this date
Amar Singh I, 60. Maharana of Mewar, 1597-1620. Amar Singh I succeeded his father Pratap as Maharana (King) of Mewar, a region in the south-central part of Rajasthan state of India. He was a renowned warrior, fighting numerous battles against forces of the Mughal Empire, eventually entering into a treaty with Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1615. Maharana Amar Singh I was succeeded on the throne by his eldest son Karan Singh II.

310 years ago
1700

Disasters
The 8.7–9.2 Mw Cascadia earthquake took place off the west coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records. It caused a tsunami which struck the coast of Japan.

150 years ago
1860

Born on this date
Harry Daugherty. U.S. politician. Mr. Daugherty, a Republican, was U.S. Attorney General from 1921-1924 in the administrations of Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. As a member of the "Ohio Gang"--Republican cronies of Mr. Harding dating back to the President's days as a United States Senator--Mr. Daugherty was suspected of involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal involving payments of kickbacks from oil companies to government officials in exchange for extremely favourable extraction leases in Wyoming. He was officially cleared of wrongdoing, but after the death of Mr. Harding on August 2, 1923, new President Calvin Coolidge, at first reluctant to dismiss Mr. Daugherty, received his resignation on March 28, 1924. In 1926 Mr. Daugherty was indicted for improperly receiving funds in the sale of American Metal Company assets during World War I, and narrowly escaped conviction. He spent his later years attempting to rehabilitate his reputation, and died on October 12, 1941 at the age of 81, after a year of declining health.

140 years ago
1870

Died on this date
Victor de Broglie, 84. Prime Minister of France, 1835-1836. The duc de Broglie supported a constitutional monarchy, and was appointed to the Council of State under Emperor Napoleon I in 1809. He was a member of the Doctrinaires (1830-1848); Resistance Party (1830-1848); and Party of Order (1848-1851). The duc de Broglie held several cabinet posts before serving as Prime Minister, resigning after the defeat of his government over a tax proposal. He was France's Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1847-1848), and represented Eure in the National Assembly (1849-1851). The duc de Broglie's political career ended with Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte's coup d'état on December 2, 1851, and he devoted his later years to literary pursuits. He was a member of the Académie française from 1855 until his death.

Americana
Virginia, which had seceded and joined the Confederate States of America in 1861, rejoined the Union.

130 years ago
1880

Born on this date
Douglas MacArthur. U.S. military officer. One of the most famous figures in U.S. military history, General MacArthur was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and commanded U.S. Army forces in the Far east in World War II. He oversaw U.S. occupation of Japan in the years immediately following World War II, and commanded United Nations forces in the Korean War from 1950-1951, until being removed from command by U.S. President Harry Truman for disobeying a direct order from his Commander-in-Chief. Gen. MacArthur died on April 5, 1964 at the age of 84.

80 years ago
1930

Indianica
The Indian National Congress declared January 26 as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj ("Complete Independence"), which occurred 17 years later.

70 years ago
1940

Music
Frank Sinatra made his first public appearance as a vocalist with Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra, at the Coronado Theatre in Rockford, Illinois.

War
Soviet forces broke the Finns' strongest defense, the Mannerheim Line, at Summa on the Karelian Isthmus.

Diplomacy
Dutch Foreign Minister Eduard van Kleffens said that the Netherlands would retain its membership in the League of Nations.

Politics and government
Idaho Governor C.A. Bottolfsen, a Republican, appointed John W. Thomas to fill the United States Senate seat that had been vacated by the death on January 19 of William Borah (Republican).

U.S. Senator Burton K. Wheeler (Democrat--Montana) demanded that President Franklin D. Roosevelt state now whether or not he would seek a third term in office.

The Mexican Communist Party announced that it would purge those members not loyal to the U.S.S.R.

Economics and finance
The Japanese-American commercial treaty of 1911 expired, but the U.S. refrained from imposing the higher tonnage and import duties permitted under U.S. law.

Labour
New York Judge Thomas Thacher condemned the quasi-judicial authority of the National Labor Relations Board and urged review of agency decisions by an independent legal authority.

60 years ago
1950

On television tonight
Escape, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Bellhop Story, starring Jack Lescoulie, Nancy Sheridan, and Frankie Thomas

Indianica
The independent Republic of India was officially born, after nearly 100 years of British rule. In Delhi, the capital, the day began with the 34th and last Governor-General of India, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, reading out a proclamation announcing the birth of the Republic of India. The new President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, then took the oath of office.

War
Indonesian government forces battled an armed force of deserters in Jakarta.

Diplomacy
The U.S.A., U.K., and France invited West Germany to establish consulates in the three countries.

Western Allied military commanders in Berlin protested the renewal of "abnormal restrictions" on passage of cargo through the Soviet zone of Germany.

Panama and the United States settled a series of damage claims dating back to 1906, with Panama agreeing to pay the U.S.A. $350,000.

Defense
Testifying before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Defense Secretary Louis Johnson said that Taiwan was of "strategic significance" to the United States, but not important enough to justify occupation of the island by American forces.

Medicine
Science reported the discovery of terramycin, a soil-mold drug potentially effective in treating infections diseases.

Business
American Associated Insurance Companies of St. Louis issued the first insurance policy for babysitters.

50 years ago
1960

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, hosted by John Newland, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Call from Tomorrow, starring Margaret Phillips and Arthur Franz



Football
NFL
Pete Rozelle, the 33-year-old general manager of the Los Angeles Rams, was elected commissioner of the National Football League, succeeding Bert Bell, who had died on October 11, 1959. Mr. Rozelle was named on the 23rd ballot after others, including Marshall G. Leahy, a San Francisco lawyer, and Austin H. Gunsel, a former Federal Bureau of Investigation man who had temporarily succeeded Mr. Bell, were considered and rejected.

40 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head--Johnny Farnham (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Kuroneko no Tango--Osamu Minagawa (15th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Paxarinos--Víctor Manuel (2nd week at #1)

On the radio
The Challenge of Space, on Springbok Radio
Tonight’s episode: The Way Back

Music
The single Bridge Over Troubled Water/Keep the Customer Satisfied by Simon & Garfunkel was released on Columbia Records.

Protest
Anti-government riots characterized as the worst in peacetime Philippine history erupted in Manila and other Philippine cities.

Law
Two key points of the U.S. Selective Service law were settled when the Supreme Court ruled that students who lost their draft deferments because of antiwar activities could challenge their reclassification in court, and that the Selective Service System lacked the legal authority to declare students delinquent for turning in their draft cards.

Television
More than 120 models of colour television sets were termed extraordinary fire hazards by the U.S. National Commission on Product Safety. A federal fact-finding agency, the commission called on the 11 manufacturers of the models to repair or replace them.

Economics and finance
Before a nationwide television audience, U.S. President Richard Nixon signed a veto message sending the $19.7-billion health, education, and anti-poverty appropriations bill back to Congress. Mr. Nixon called the measure untimely, misdirected, and most important, inflationary.

Boxing
George Foreman (15-0) knocked out Jack O’Halloran (18-6-2) at 1:10 of the 5th round of a heavyweight bout at Madison Square Garden in New York. On the undercard, Chuck Wepner (20-5-2) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Manuel Ramos (23-10-2) in another heavyweight bout.





30 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Disco Bambina--Heather Parisi (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): I Have a Dream--ABBA (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: Brass in Pocket--Pretenders

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Brass in Pocket--Pretenders (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Brass in Pocket--Pretenders (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 I Have a Dream--ABBA (3rd week at #1)
2 Rapper's Delight--Sugarhill Gang
3 Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)--Pink Floyd
4 David's Song (Who'll Come with Me)--Kelly Family
5 Fly Too High--Janis Ian
6 Rap-O Clap-O--Joe Bataan
7 What's a Matter Baby--Ellen Foley
8 Nederland, Die Heeft De Bal--André Van Duin & Het Nederlands Elftal
9 It Will Come in Time--Billy Preston and Syreeta
10 Sara--Fleetwood Mac

Singles entering the chart were Do That to Me One More Time by Captain & Tennille (#26); Que Sera Mi Vida by the Gibson Brothers (#27); Alie Van de Wegenwacht by Corrie Van Gorp (#28); Het Grote Sprookjeslied by Corry, Bonnie St. Claire, Sandy, Alexander Curly, Willem Duyn, Nico Haak (#32); Bloemetjes Gordijn by Wim Kersten en de Viltjes (#35); and Cathy's Clown by the Tarney Spencer Band (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Rock with You--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)
2 Do That to Me One More Time--Captain & Tennille
3 Coward of the County--Kenny Rogers
4 Escape (The Pina Colada Song)--Rupert Holmes
5 Cruisin'--Smokey Robinson
6 Send One Your Love--Stevie Wonder
7 We Don't Talk Anymore--Cliff Richard
8 Crazy Little Thing Called Love--Queen
9 The Long Run--Eagles
10 Sara--Fleetwood Mac

Singles entering the chart were Desire by Andy Gibb (#44); Refugee by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (#63); Three Times in Love by Tommy James (#82); Haven't You Heard by Patrice Rushen (#86); You Might Need Somebody by Turley Richards (#88); and Special Lady by Ray, Goodman & Brown (#89).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Rock With You--Michael Jackson (3rd week at #1)
2 Do That to Me One More Time--The Captain and Tennille
3 Coward of the County--Kenny Rogers
4 Cruisin'--Smokey Robinson
5 Escape (The Pina Colada Song)--Rupert Holmes
6 Ladies Night--Kool & The Gang
7 We Don't Talk Anymore--Cliff Richard
8 Don't Do Me Like That--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
9 Jane--Jefferson Starship
10 This is It--Kenny Loggins

Singles entering the chart were Desire by Andy Gibb (#49); Refugee by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (#65); Give it All You Got by Chuck Mangione (#79); I Thank You by ZZ Top (#82); Peanut Butter by Twennynine featuring Lenny White (#83); Kiss Me in the Rain by Barbra Streisand (#85); The Hardest Part by Blondie (#86); Bad Times by Tavares (#88); Special Lady by Ray, Goodman & Brown (#90); I Don't Like Mondays by the Boomtown Rats (#93); You Might Need Somebody by Turley Richards (#95); Haven't You Heard by Patrice Rushen (#96); Years by Wayne Newton (#97); and Rockin' Into the Night by 38 Special (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Rock With You--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)
2 Coward of the County--Kenny Rogers
3 Do That to Me One More Time--Captain & Tennille
4 The Long Run--Eagles
5 Please Don't Go--KC & the Sunshine Band
6 Cruisin'--Smokey Robinson
7 Babe--Styx
8 Escape (The Pina Colada Song)--Rupert Holmes
9 Ladies Night--Kool & The Gang
10 Don't Do Me Like That--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Singles entering the chart were Desire by Andy Gibb (#39); Refugee by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (#59); Back on My Feet Again by the Babys (#62); With You I'm Born Again by Billy Preston & Syreeta (#75); Give it All You Got by Chuck Mangione (#80); Special Lady by Ray, Goodman & Brown (#83); Got to Love Somebody by Sister Sledge (#86); Bad Times by Tavares (#87); Haven't You Heard by Patrice Rushen (#88); I Don't Like Mondays by the Boomtown Rats (#90); Dig the Gold by Joyce Cobb (#95); Small Paradise by John Cougar (#97); and You Might Need Somebody by Turley Richards (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Rapper's Delight--Sugarhill Gang
2 Message in a Bottle--The Police
3 Don't Do Me Like That--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
4 Please Don't Go--KC & the Sunshine Band
5 Babe--Styx
6 Escape (The Pina Colada Song)--Rupert Holmes
7 Cool Change--Little River Band
8 We Don't Talk Anymore--Cliff Richard
9 No More Tears/Enough is Enough--Barbra Streisand/Donna Summer
10 I Don't Like Mondays--The Boomtown Rats

Singles entering the chart were Remember (Walking in the Sand) by Aerosmith (#82); Night to Remember by Prism (#87); When I Wanted You by Barry Manilow (#89); Wonderland by the Commodores (#90); Janine by Trooper (#96); On the Radio by Donna Summer (#98); and An American Dream by the Dirt Band (#99).

Died on this date
Simon Kapwepwe, 57. 2nd Vice President of Zambia, 1967-1970. Mr. Kapwepwe was a founding member of the Northern Rhodesian African Congress--later renamed the African National Congress--in 1948. He was a member of various independence parties before serving as Vice President to President Kenneth Kaunda. The two men eventually drifted apart, and Mr. Kapwepwe was replaced as Vice President in October 1970, although he was allowed to remain as Minister of Culture and Minister of Local Government. Mr. Kapwepwe left the United National Independence Party (UNIP) in 1971 to become leader of the new United Progressive Party in 1971; he was elected to Parliament, but was imprisoned by Mr. Kaunda from February 4-December 31, 1972. The day after his release, Mr. Kaunda declared Zambia to be a one-party (UNIP) state. Mr. Kapwepwe withdrew from politics, but accepted Mr. Kaunda's offer to rejoin the UNIP in 1977. His challenge to Mr. Kaunda for the party's presidential nomination in 1978 was disqualified, ending Mr. Kapwepwe's career. He died two days after suffering a stroke.

Diplomacy
Israel and Egypt established diplomatic relations.

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 8 @ Toronto 3

25 years ago
1985

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Like a Virgin--Madonna (5th week at #1)
2 All I Need--Jack Wagner
3 I Want to Know What Love Is--Foreigner
4 Run to You--Bryan Adams
5 You're the Inspiration--Chicago
6 Easy Lover--Philip Bailey with Phil Collins
7 Do They Know it's Christmas?--Band Aid
8 Born in the U.S.A.--Bruce Springsteen
9 Cool it Now--New Edition
10 I Would Die 4 U--Prince and the Revolution

20 years ago
1990

Died on this date
Lewis Mumford, 94. U.S. sociologist and historian. Mr. Mumford was best known for his studies of cities and urban architecture. His books included The City in History (1961) and The Myth of the Machine (2 volumes, 1967; 1970).

Space
The Canadian Space Agency signed a $146-million contract with Spar Aerospace for the first phase of Radarsat, to be launched in 1994 to send back high-resolution images of Arctic ice, oil spills, etc.

Law
A Canadian inquiry’s report said that the justice system that was supposed to protect him "failed Donald Marshall at every turn." Mr. Marshall, a Micmac Indian, spent 11 years in prison for a 1971 murder that he did not commit. The inquiry into his wrongful conviction and the subsequent mishandling of appeals found that Nova Scotia’s justice system was both incompetent and racist in the handling of his case. False testimony was given at Mr. Marshall’s trial by the police chief in charge of the case, who also pressured young witnesses to falsify stories. The investigation also found that crucial evidence that could have exonerated Mr. Marshall was kept from his lawyer, who was preparing an appeal. The report was also highly critical of a 1983 Nova Scotia Court of Appeal ruling which, although it found Mr. Marshall innocent of the crime, said he was partly to blame for the false conviction because he had lied to police.

World events
U.S. District Court Judge William Hoeveler ordered former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega held in custody in Florida without bail.

Politics and government
Romanian Vice President Dumitru Mazilu resigned and accused the regime of the National Salvation Front of using "Stalinist practices."

Economics and finance
The U.S. Commerce Department reported that the gross national product grew 2.9% (later revised to 3.0%) for 1989, down from 4.4% for 1988.

10 years ago
2000

Died on this date
A.E. van Vogt, 87. Canadian-born U.S. author. A native of Edenburg, Manitoba, Mr. van Vogt wrote science fiction for about 60 years. His novels included The World of Null-A (1948) and The Mixed Men (1952).

Don Budge, 84. U.S. tennis player. Mr. Budge was ranked the top player in the world from 1937-1940 and 1942. In 1938 he became the first player, male or female, to win the Grand Slam--Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and U.S. Open--in a single year. Mr. Budge died several weeks after being seriously injured in an auto accident.

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch withdrew from the contest for the Republican Party U.S. presidential nomination for 2000 after taking just 1% of the vote in the Iowa caucuses two days earlier. Sen. Hatch endorsed Texas Governor George W. Bush. The remaining candidates in the Republican and Democratic Parties debated in Manchester, New Hampshire. Senator and Democratic presidential candidate Bill Bradley criticized Vice President Al Gore on a broad front and accused him of not telling the truth in charges he made during the campaign.