Sunday 30 June 2019

June 29, 2019

825 years ago
1194


Europeana
Sverre was crowned King of Norway.

575 years ago
1444


War
League of Lezhë forces commanded by Skanderbeg defeated an Ottoman invasion force commanded by Ali Pasha in the Battle of Torvioll in what is now Albania.

425 years ago
1594


Died on this date
Niels Kaas, 58 or 59
. Chancellor of Denmark, 1573-1594. Mr. Kaas entered the Chancery in 1560, and was instrumental in negotiating the Treaty of Stettin (1570). He used his diplomatic skills as Chancellor, and died in office.

360 years ago
1659


War
Ukrainian armies led by Ivan Vyhovsky defeated the Russian forcess led by Prince Trubetskoy in the Battle of Konotop in Ukraine.

275 years
1744


Died on this date
André Campra, 83
. French composer. Mr. Campra was known for his operas, cantatas, and religious music, including a requiem.

200 years ago
1819


Born on this date
Thomas Dunn English
. U.S. writer and politician. Mr. English wrote in various genres, whose friendship with Edgar Allan Poe turned into a bitter feud. Mr. English's novel 1844, or the Power of the S.F. (1846) contains negative veiled references to Mr. Poe. Mr. English was a Democrat who represented New Jersey's 6th District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1891-1895. He was defeated in his re-election bid in 1894, and died on April 1, 1902 at the age of 82.

170 years ago
1849


Born on this date
Pedro Montt
. 14th President of Chile, 1906-1910. Mr. Montt, the son of President Manuel Montt, was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876, becoming its President in 1885. He held two posts in the cabinet of President José Manuel Balmaceda, but participated in the revolution that overthrew him in 1891, and served as the revolutionary regime's Minister to the United States. Mr. Montt was an unsuccessful candidate for President in 1901, but was elected as the National Union candidate in 1906. He died in office in Bremen, Germany on August 16, 1910 at the age of 61, while undergoing medical treatment.

Sergei Witte. Prime Minister of Russia, 1905-1906. Mr. Witte was an econometrician who worked in railroad management for 20 years, and then served as Russia's Finance Minister from 1892-1903, putting the ruble on the gold standard in 1896. He served as Chairman of the Committee of Ministers from 1903-1905, a largely powerless office that was replaced by the position of Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister). Mr. Witte resigned after losing the confidence of Czar Nicholas II and remained a member of the State Council, but never again held administrative office. He died either of meningitis or a brain tumour on March 13, 1915 at the age of 65.

130 years ago
1889


Born on this date
Willie Macfarlane
. U.K.-born U.S. golfer. Mr. Macfarlane moved from Scotland to the United States to pursue a professional career. He won 22 professional tournaments from 1916-1936, most notably the 1925 U.S. Open. Mr. Macfarlane died on August 15, 1961 at the age of 72.

110 years ago
1909


Died on this date
Charlie Cushman, 59
. U.S. baseball manager and umpire. Mr. Cushman managed the Milwaukee Brewers of the Western Association (1890) and American Association (1891), compiling a 21-15 record in 1891. He worked 110 games as an umpire in the National League (1885, 1894, 1898); he was fired during the 1898 season because of a dispute with NL President Nicholas Young.

Baseball
The Pittsburg Pirates scored 4 runs in the 1st inning against Three Finger Brown and went on to defeat the Chicago Cubs 8-1 before 5,545 fans in the last major league game ever played at Exposition Park in Pittsburg. Lefty Leifield pitched a 7-hit complete game victory.

100 years ago
1919


Born on this date
Slim Pickens
. U.S. actor. Mr. Pickens, born Louis Burton Lindley, Jr., was a rodeo cowboy who eventually became an actor in movies and television programs, many of them Westerns. He was best known for his comic supporting performances in the movies Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964); Blazing Saddles (1974); and 1941 (1979). Mr. Pickens died on December 8, 1983 at the age of 64 after surgery for a brain tumour.

Sandy Thomas. N.Z.-born U.K. military officer. Major General Thomas earned decorations with the New Zealand Military Forces during World War II, and served with the British Army from 1946-1972, with his highest position being General Officer Commanding Far East Land Forces (1970-1971). Maj. Gen. Thomas died on October 22, 2017 at the age of 98.

90 years ago
1929


Golf
The third and fourth rounds of the U.S. Open were played at Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York. Bobby Jones and Al Espinosa were tied for the lead with 6-over-par total scores of 294, necessitating a 36-hole playoff the next day.

Baseball
Babe Ruth drove in 3 runs with a pair of home runs and the Philadelphia Athletics made 4 errors as the Yankees beat the Athletics 7-5 at Shibe Park in Philadelphia, dropping Mr. Grove's 1929 record to 12-2.

The Brooklyn Robins scored 2 runs in each of the 5th and 6th innings as they edged the Boston Braves 4-3 in the first game of a doubleheader at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. In the second game, the Braves scored 3 unearned runs in each of the 8th and 9th innings, but still lost 8-7 as the Robins completed the sweep. Johnny Morrison pitched a 9-hit complete game victory in the second game to improve his record for the season to 5-0, allowing just 1 earned run. Al Weston made his major league debut with the Braves in the second game, striking out as a pinch hitter to lead off the 5th.

75 years ago
1944


Literature
Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon was published in New York by John Day.

Died on this date
Friedrich Dollmann, 62
. German military officer. Generaloberst Dollman commanded the 7th Army during the Invasion of France and the early phases of the Allied invasion of Normandy until his death--either by heart attack or suicide--three days after the fall of Cherbourg, which had prompted Fuehrer Adolf Hitler to demand that Generaloberst Dollman be relieved of command.

War
In Camilly France, the Canadian Army Second Corps under Guy Simonds was sent to join the Second Army in the Caen sector with the Eighth Army on its left and the First Corps on its right; the second Infantry Division was sent immediately since infantry casualties were heavy because of fierce counterattacks from German forces. Allied troops in Italy made gains of up to 9 miles along a 100-mile front. Soviet units reported the liberation of 1,050 localities in White Russia, including Bobruisk. The White House published a joint statement by U.S. service chiefs General George Marshall, General Hap Arnold, and Admiral Ernest King warning against optimism over an early military victory.

Medicine
The American Red Cross announced development of a serum to prevent measles.

Economics and finance
The government of Argentina seized all properties of the "House of Bamberg," reportedly worth more than $1 billion, for allegedly falsifying inheritance tax reports.

Labour
An estimated 10,000 workers at the Timken Roller Bearing Company in Canton, Ohio went on strike due to a breakdown in labour relations and the company's plans to close down its furnaces.

70 years ago
1949


War
Three Nationalist Chinese B-24 bombers raided Shanghai, causing 155 civilian deaths and 445 injuries.

Defense
The last American troops sailed from South Korea, leaving only a military mission to advice the South Korean Army.

Politics and government
The Israeli Parliament endorsed the government's policies on boundaries, the return of Palestinian Arab refugees, and the status of Jerusalem.

The U.S. Joint Congressional Atomic Energy Committee issued a report exonerating the Atomic Energy Commission of security violations, noting that none of the 4,095 researchers granted "emergency clearance" by the AEC for nuclear work were found to have engaged in espionage.

Society
The South African government imposed a ban on mixed marriages between whites and non-whites, the first step in the Nationalist Party's apartheid program. The South African Citizenship Act also went into effect, suspending the automatic granting of citizenship to Commonwealth immigrants.

Protest
Clashes between Negroes and whites in Washington, D.C. caused three injuries and five arrests after the U.S. Interior Department ordered the desegregation of six government-owned swimming pools.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman won his first major legislative victory in the current session of Congress when the House of Representatives passed his public housing bill, already approved by the Senate.

Business
Montgomery Ward's fall catalogue appeared with price cuts of up to 40% from the previous year.

Labour
5,000 United Auto Workers of America ended a 71-day strike at the Bendix Aviation Corporation in South Bend, Indiana by accepting an agreement, calling for a study of disputed working conditions.

Baseball
The Boston Red Sox blew a 7-0 lead and lost 9-7 to the New York Yankees before 29,563 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Joe DiMaggio, playing just his second game of the season after missing the first 69 games because of a foot injury, hit 2 home runs and batted in 5 runs to lead the Yankee comeback. His 2-run homer in the 8th inning off Earl Johnson broke a 7-7 tie.

Hal Newhouser pitched a 6-hit shutout to improve his 1949 record to 10-6 as the Detroit Tigers blanked the Cleveland Indians 6-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 65,243 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. In the second game, the Tigers scored 7 runs in the 5th inning to overcome a 2-0 deficit, but the Indians scored 6 runs in the bottom of the 9th to win 8-7. The game ended when pinch hitter Bob Lemon doubled home Bob Kennedy and Mickey Vernon with the bases loaded, and Thurman Tucker scored the winning run on an error by Detroit left fielder Pat Mullin.

Ned Garver pitched a 5-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Billy Pierce, who also pitched a 5-hitter, as the St. Louis Browns edged the Chicago White Sox 1-0 before 2,726 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Dick Kokos singled home John Sullivan in the top of the 8th inning for the only run.

Ralph Kiner, featured on the cover of the current issue of The Saturday Evening Post, drove in 5 runs with a grand slam and a double to lead the Pittsburgh Pirates to a 7-3 win over the Cincinnati Reds before 9,003 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.

60 years ago
1959


Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Diana--Paul Anka (8th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 The Battle of New Orleans--Johnny Horton (5th week at #1)
2 Personality--Lloyd Price
3 Lonely Boy--Paul Anka
4 Dream Lover--Bobby Darin
5 Lipstick on Your Collar--Connie Francis
6 Tallahassee Lassie--Freddy Cannon
7 Kansas City--Wilbert Harrison
8 Quiet Village--Martin Denny
9 Along Came Jones--The Coasters
10 A Teenager in Love--Dion and the Belmonts

Singles entering the chart were Just a Little Too Much by Ricky Nelson (#63); The Quiet Three by Duane Eddy and the Rebels (#67); Till There was You by Anita Bryant (#85); Sweet Someone by Eddie and Betty (#87); The Five Pennies by Dodie Stevens (#89); See You in September by the Tempos (#90); Kissin' Time by Bobby Rydell (#93); Beach Time by Roger Smith (#94); Here Comes Summer by Jerry Keller (#98); Happy Vacation by Jackie Lee (#99); and The Way I Walk by Jack Scott (#100). The Five Pennies was the other side of Yes-Sir-ee, charting at #79.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 The Battle of New Orleans--Johnny Horton (7th week at #1)
2 Personality--Lloyd Price
3 Frankie/Lipstick on Your Collar--Connie Francis
4 Waterloo--Stonewall Jackson
5 Tallahassee Lassie--Freddy Cannon
6 Bongo Rock--Preston Epps
7 Kansas City--Wilbert Harrison
8 Lonely Boy--Paul Anka
9 Crossfire--Johnny and the Hurricanes
10 My Heart is an Open Book--Carl Dobkins, Jr.

Singles entering the chart were Back in the U.S.A. by Chuck Berry (#43); There is Something on Your Mind by Big Jay McNeely and Band (#45); Since You've Been Gone by Clyde McPhatter (#51); A Big Hunk o' Love/My Wish Came True by Elvis Presley (#52); Ciao, Ciao Bambina by Jacky Noguez and his Musette Orchestra (#55); and Just a Little Too Much/Sweeter than You by Ricky Nelson (#56).

At the movies
Two preview screenings of Anatomy of a Murder took place in Marquette, Michigan, where the movie was filmed. The courtroom drama, directed by Otto Preminger and starring James Stewart, was filmed in Marquette. The novel was written by Robert Traver, whose real name was John Voekler. Mr. Voekler, who had just been appointed to the bench in 1959, was the defense lawyer in the real-life case upon which the novel and movie were based. The bar where the actual murder took place was also the crime scene in the film.

Movies
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that a New York state ban on an exhibition of the French film L'Amant de lady Chatterley (Lady Chatterley's Lover) (1955) violated the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment's "basic guarantee of freedom to advocate ideas."

Diplomacy
U.S.S.R. First Deputy Premier Frol Kozlov formally opened a Soviet Exhibition of Science, Technology and Culture in New York.

The Dominican Republic charged that "maneuvering" by Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro was "part of a continental conspiracy organized by international Communism."

Politics and government
Returning to Jakarta from a 68-day world tour, Indonesian President Sukarno said that he would act as "a democrat" to resolve the crisis over efforts to carry out his plan for "guided democracy."

Iraqi Communists announced the formation of a United National Front with the National Democratic and Kurdish Democratic Parties.

Protest
South African police arrested 41 Africans in Durban after clashes between police and women picketing segregated municipal beer halls.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 8-1 that the government "security risk" program for defense plant workers had no legal basis.

50 years ago
1969


Died on this date
Ted McGrew, 89
. U.S. baseball player, umpire, and scout. Mr. McGrew was an infielder who played at least 996 games in at least 12 seasons in the minor leagues from 1901-1912. He umpired 440 games in the National League (1930-1931, 1933-1934), and worked in the International League in 1932. Mr. McGrew worked as a scout for various major league teams in later years, and was responsible for the discovery of players such as Pee Wee Reese and Alvin Dark. Mr. McGrew died five days after his 89th birthday.

Moise Tshombe, 49. Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1964-1965. Mr. Tshombe was elected President of the republic of Katanga when that province broke away from the Belgian Congo in 1960; he favoured continued ties with Belgium. The United Nations intervened and eventually forced Katanga to submit to Congolese rule. Mr. Tshombe fled to Northern Rhodesia and then to Spain, but returned to Congo in 1964 to serve as Prime Minister in a new coalition government. In 1965 he was dismissed by President Joseph Kasavubu, and in 1967 Joseph Mobutu, who had staged a successful coup against Mr. Kasavubu a year earlier, charged Mr. Tshombe with treason. Mr. Tshombe fled to exile in Spain, and he was sentenced to death in absentia. On June 30, 1967, a plane in which Mr. Tshombe was travelling was hijacked to Algeria. He was jailed and then kept under house arrest, and died of a heart attack.

Space
The United States launched Biosatellite 3 from Cape Kennedy, Florida, carrying an astromonk named Bonny. The satellite was scheduled for a 30-day mission of biological research.

Abominations
The first worship service in the White House to be led by a rabbi began with a Christian hymn that the largely Jewish gathering could not sing, but Rabbi Louis Finkelstein said that he was not surprised nor upset by the hymn.

Protest
Policemen in Buenos Aires used tear gas to disperse 150 demonstrators shortly before New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller arrived on his fact-finding mission. More than 15,000 uniformed and plainclothes policemen were mobilized for the visit.

Disasters
About 150 people were injured when 10 cars of a Seaboard Coast Line train carrying 600 passengers went off the tracks in Glenn Dale, Maryland. 6 of the passengers were reportedly seriously injured, and one man died of a heart attack.

Boxing
Jose Napoles (61-4) retained his world welterweight title in a rematch against former champion Curtis Cokes (55-11-3) when Mr. Cokes retired after the 10th round at Monumental Plaza de Toros México in Mexico City. Mr. Napoles had taken the title from Mr. Cokes on April 18 with a 13-round knockout in Inglewood, California.





Baseball
Lowell Palmer pitched a 3-hitter for his first major league win and the Philadelphia Phillies did all their scoring in the top of the 1st inning as they shut out the Montreal Expos 2-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 27,169 fans at Jarry Park in Montreal. Philadelphia center fielder Larry Hisle batted 3 for 3 with a base on balls, double and a run batted in. Losing pitcher Jerry Robertson allowed 8 hits and 2 earned runs in 8 innings. Jerry Johnson pitched a 10-hit complete game victory as the Phillies won the second game 5-1 to complete the sweep.

The Cincinnati Reds scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th inning to tie the game and then scored the winning run on a bases-loaded single by Chico Ruiz in the 10th to defeat the San Francisco Giants 7-6 before 16,658 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati.

On Billy Williams Day at Wrigley Field in Chicago, the Cubs’ outfielder played in his 895th and 896th consecutive games, breaking Stan Musial’s National League record, as the Cubs swept the St. Louis Cardinals 3-1 and 12-1 before 41,060 fans. Mr. Williams batted 1 for 4 with a run in the first game and 4 for 5 with a single, double, 2 triples, 3 runs, and 3 runs batted in in the second game.

The Atlanta Braves scored 3 runs in the top of the 9th inning to overcome a 3-1 deficit and defeat the Houston Astros 4-3 before 29,221 fans at the Astrodome.

Al Kaline's 2-run single climaxed a 3-run 2-out 9th-inning rally as the Detroit Tigers beat the Baltimore Orioles 3-2 in the first game of a doubleheader before 32,643 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Pinch hitter Frank Robinson singled home Andy Etchebarren with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th to give the Orioles a 4-3 win in the second game. Dave Leonhard pitched 6 1/3 innings of 3-hit scoreless relief in the second game to improve his 1969 record to 6-0, while Detroit starter Earl Wilson faced just 1 batter, leaving the game with a bruised right arm after being hit by Don Buford's line drive, which went for a single.

The Washington Senators scored 3 unearned runs in the bottom of the 9th inning as the result of 2 errors to defeat the Boston Red Sox 5-4 in the first game of a doubleheader before 28,631 fans at Robert F. Kennedy Stadium in Washington. The Senators overcame a 3-0 1st-inning deficit with 6 runs in the 2nd en route to an 11-4 win in the second game to complete the sweep.

The Kansas City Royals and Minnesota Twins split a doubleheader before 16,738 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City, with the Royals winning the opener 7-2, and the Twins taking the second game 12-2. After flying out his first time at bat in the first game, Minnesota right fielder Tony Oliva followed with 8 straight hits in the doubleheader, including 5 for 5 in the second game, with 2 home runs and 5 runs batted in. In the first game, Wally Bunker pitched an 11-hit complete game victory, while Danny Morris, the fourth and last Minnesota pitcher, pitched 2 scoreless innings, allowing 2 hits, walking 1, and striking out 1, in the 6th and last game of his 2-year major league career.

40 years ago
1979


Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Hallelujah--Milk & Honey (9th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Pop Muzik--M (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Born to Be Alive--Patrick Hernandez (14th week at #1)

Died on this date
Lowell George, 34
. U.S. musician. Mr. George played several instruments and was a member of the rock groups the Factory and the Mothers of Invention before co-founding the group Little Feat, which he led from 1970-1979. He left the group to perform as a solo artist, and was tour to promote his first solo album when he died in his hotel room in Arlington, Virginia of a heart attack caused by a cocaine overdose, exacerbated by obesity.

Diplomacy
In Nicaragua, both moderate and leftist opponents of President Anastasio Somoza rejected American proposals to end the country’s civil war, aimed at installing a government more conservative than the provisional Sandanista junta.

Scandal
U.S. Congressman Charles Diggs (Democrat--Michigan) admitted to a House of Representatives ethics hearing that he used federal funds to pay over $40,000 in personal bills. He agreed to repay the amount and accepted censure in return for an end to the investigation.

Economics and finance
The G7 summit of the world’s leading industrial democracies--United States; Canada; Japan; France; Great Britain; West Germany; Italy--concluded with an agreement to cut ceilings on oil imports through 1985. The U.S.A. agreed to limit imports to 8.5 million barrels per day. The other nations had yet to determine their limits. The G7 agreed to increase investment in new energy technologies. Canada was represented at the summit by Prime Minister Joe Clark; it was his first major international event since taking office.

The Provincial Bank (BP) and the Canadian National Bank (NCB), two Quebec financial institutions founded in the 19th century, merged to form the National Bank of Canada.

Labour
The administration of President Jimmy Carter presented a plan to help end strikes by independent truckers in the United States. The plan met three of the truckers’ most important demands: permission for automatic pass-through of higher diesel fuel costs to shippers; support for federal legislation to establish uniform national weight-and-length standards for trucks; and an effort to achieve equitable allocation of available fuel supplies to truckers.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Edmonton (2-2) 53 @ Saskatchewan (1-2) 20

Gregg Butler and Emilio Fraietta each returned a punt for a touchdown to help the Eskimos beat the Roughriders at Taylor Field in Regina. Artificial turf had been installed in Taylor Field for 1979, and linebacker Ian Bryans became the first of several Eskimos over the years to suffer serious injuries playing on that surface. Mr. Bryans suffered a knee injury that put him out for the season, and he never played again. The game also marked the final appearance in Edmonton uniforms for veterans Charlie Turner (offensive tackle) and John Farlinger (safety).

30 years ago
1989


Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Finnish Singles Chart): Minä olen muistanut--Kim Lönnholm (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): All I Want is You--U2 (2nd week at #1)

Personal
This blogger attended a University of Western Ontario alumni social at University House on the University of Alberta campus, and enjoyed meeting UWO President George Pedersen, among others.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Winnipeg (0-2) 16 @ Toronto (1-0) 17
British Columbia (1-0) 25 @ Calgary (0-1) 7

The Argos' win over the Blue Bombers was the first football game ever played at SkyDome.

25 years ago
1994


Died on this date
Kurt Eichhorn, 85
. German orchestra conductor. Mr. Eichhorn led various orchestras in a career spanning more than 60 years. He was chief conductor of the State Theatre at the Gärtnerplatz in Munich (1956-1967) and chief conductor of the Munich Radio Orchestra (1967-1975).

Politics and government
The Social Democratic Party of Japan and Liberal Democratic Party joined forces in the Diet to elect Socialist leader Tomiichi Murayama Prime Minister of Japan. Mr. Murayama succeeded Tsutomu Hata, who had resigned four days earlier.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Winnipeg (1-1) 43 @ Baltimore (2-0) 45
Hamilton (1-1) 28 @ Ottawa (0-2) 27
Sacramento (0-2) 4 @ Saskatchewan (1-1) 19
Edmonton (1-1) 11 @ Las Vegas (2-0) 22

10 years ago
1999


Died on this date
Allan Carr, 62
. U.S. theatre and movie producer. Mr. Carr, born Allan Solomon, won a Tony Award for producing the musical La Cage aux Folles (1984), and was co-writer and co-producer of the movie Grease (1978). He won the first Golden Raspberry Award for producing Can't Stop the Music (1980). Mr. Carr was probably best known for producing spectacular parties and promotional events; he produced the 61st Academy Awards ceremony in 1989, but the negative reaction virtually ended his career. He died of liver cancer.

Karekin I, 66. Syrian-born Armenian religious leader. Karekin I, born Neshan Sarkissian, was Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church from 1994-1999. He died of cancer shortly after appointing archbishop Karekin Nersessian as his successor, taking the name Karekin II.

World events
Abdullah Ocalan, leader of the Kurdish rebellion in Turkey, was convicted of treason by a Turkish court and sentenced to death. Mr. Ocalan had told the court that if he were spared the death penalty he would use his influence among the Kurds to end the conflict with the government. Mary Robinson, United Nations high commissioner for human rights, criticized the trial for lack of due process.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Calgary (2-0) 34 @ Saskatchewan (0-2) 24

10 years ago
2009


Crime
U.S. financier Bernie Madoff received a 150-year prison sentence for his multibillion-dollar fraud.

Saturday 29 June 2019

June 28, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, James Remnant and Minnie de Ramos!

630 years ago
1389


Died on this date
Murad I, 62
. Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, 1362-1389. Murad I acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Orhan. He expanded the Ottoman Empire, but was killed leading his forces against a pan-Christian army commanded by Lazar Hrebeljanović in the Battle of Kosovo, two weeks short of his 63rd birthday. Sultan Murad I was succeeded on the throne by his son Bayezid I.

Lazar Hrebeljanović, 60 (?). Lord of Serbs, 1373-1389. Prince Lazar created a powerful state out of the ruins of the Serbian Empire, and was killed while leading a pan-Christian army against Ottoman Empire forces in the Battle of Kosovo. He was succeeded as "Autocrator of all Serbs" by his son Stefan Lazarević.

War
Ottoman forces recorded a decisive victory over pan-Christian forces in the Battle of Kosovo, but also suffered heavy losses.

575 years ago
1444


Born on this date
Charlotte
. Queen of Cyprus, 1458-1464. Charlotte acceded to the throne upon the death of her father John II. Her illegitimate half-brother James forced her to flee Cyprus, and he took the throne as King James II. An attempt by Charlotte to regain the throne was unsuccessful, and she died childless in Rome on July 16, 1487 at the age of 43.

500 years ago
1519


Europeana
Charles V was elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

300 years ago
1719


Born on this date
Étienne François, duc de Choiseul
. Chief Minister of France, 1758-1770. The duc de Choiseul had a successful career before serving as Chief Minister, doubling as Foreign Minister (1758-1761, 1766-1770), and thus controlling French foreign and military policy during the Seven Years' War. His desire for military intervention in a dispute between Britain and France over the Falkland Islands led to his dismissal by King Louis XV, and the duc de Choiseul lived in retirement until his death on May 8, 1785 at the age of 65.

250 years ago
1769


Politics and government
An Order-in-Council set up a separate Prince Edward Island government as "St. John Island," from the original French "Ile Saint-Jean."

160 years ago
1859


Popular culture
The first conformation dog show was held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

125 years ago
1894


Born on this date
Frank Hunter
. U.S. tennis player. Mr. Hunter won a gold medal in the men's doubles competition with Vincent Richards at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. Mr. Hunter was the losing finalist in the men's singles event at Wimbledon (1923) and the U.S. Championships (1928, 1929), and reached the quarter-finals of the men's singles competition at the French Championships in 1929, the year in which he was ranked among the top five players in the world. In doubles competition, Mr. Hunter won the men's events at Wimbledon in 1924 (with Vincent Richards) and 1927 (with Bill Tilden), and at the U.S. Championships in 1927 (with Mr. Tilden). He won the mixed doubles competition at Wimbledon in 1927 (with Elizabeth Ryan) and 1929 (with Helen Wills), and reached the finals at the French Championships in 1928 and 1929 (both with Miss Wills). Mr. Hunter turned professional in 1931, and was the losing finalist in the world championships in 1933. He died on December 2, 1981 at the age of 87.

Americana
Labor Day became a holiday for federal employees, by an act of Congress.

Economics and finance
Delegates from the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand attended the Intercolonial Trade meeting to develop commercial ties and cut tariff barriers.

110 years ago
1909


Born on this date
Eric Ambler
. U.K. author and screenwriter. Mr. Ambler was known for spy thriller novels such as The Mask of Dimitrios (1939) and Journey Into Fear (1940). He was nominated for an Academy Award for his screenplay for The Cruel Sea (1953). Mr. Ambler died on October 22, 1998 at the age of 89.

Politics and government
10 members were elected, two from each of five districts, in the Yukon territorial election. It was the first all-elected Yukon Territorial Council.

100 years ago
1919


Married on this date
Future U.S. President Harry S. Truman married Elizabeth Virginia "Bess" Wallace in Independence, Missouri.

War
Germany and the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending Germany’s involvement in World War I (see also here and here). Canada insisted on separate representation at the signing.

Baseball
Carl Mays pitched both games of a doubleheader for the Boston Red Sox against the New York Yankees before 28,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. Mr. Mays won the first game 2-0, but lost the second 4-1. Babe Ruth, playing first base for the Red Sox in relief for injured Stuffy McInnis, had 2 hits in each game.

90 years ago
1929


At the movies
Behind That Curtain, directed by Irving Cummings, and starring Warner Baxter, Lois Moran, Gilbert Emery, and Claude King, received its premiere screening as the first film to be shown at the Fox Theatre in San Francisco. It was loosely based on the novel by Earl Derr Biggers, and marked the first cinematic appearance of Charlie Chan, played by E.L. Park.



75 years ago
1939


Boxing
Joe Louis (39-1) retained his world heavyweight title with a technical knockout of Tony Galento (76-24-5) at 2:29 of the 4th round at Yankee Stadium in New York. "Two-Ton" Tony provided some excitement in the 3rd round when he knocked the champion down.



span style="font-weight:bold;">Baseball
The New York Yankees set a major league record with 13 home runs in a doubleheader as they swept a pair from the Philadelphia Athletics, 23-2 and 10-0 before 21,612 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. In the opener, the home runs came from Babe Dahlgren (2); Joe DiMaggio (2); Bill Dickey; Joe Gordon; Tommy Henrich; and George Selkirk. Homers in the second game were hit by Joe Gordon (2); Frank Crosetti; Mr. DiMaggio; and Mr. Dahlgren. The Athletics hit no home runs in the two games. Monty Pearson won the first game, Lefty Gomez the second. New York captain Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, took the lineup card to home plate before the second game and received a standing ovation from the fans. Philadelphia manager Connie Mack, who seldom left the dugout, walked to home plate to shake Mr. Gehrig's hand.

75 years ago
1944


Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Hal Breeden!

This blogger's favourite baseball player of the mid-1970s, Mr. Breeden was a first baseman and pinch hitter with the Chicago Cubs (1971) and Montreal Expos (1972-1975). He was born in Albany, Georgia, 2 years and a day after his brother Danny, who was briefly his teammate with the Cubs.

War
Royal Canadian Air Force fighters downed 26 German planes over France, mostly in support of railway yard bombing. U.K. forces in France closed in on Caen from three sides. U.S. troops captured Castagneto, Italy. Soviet troops took Mogilev, 110 miles east of Minsk. Japanese forces in China launched a general offensive from Canton with the aim of joining forces with troops pushing southward from the province of Hunan.

Diplomacy
U.S. Ambassador to Argentina Norman Armour was recalled to Washington for immediate consultation.

Politics and government
At the Republican National Convention in Chicago, New York Governor Thomas Dewey and Ohio Governor John Bricker were nominated on the first ballot as the party's respective candidates for President and Vice President of the United States in the November 1944 election.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill giving preference in government employment to war veterans.

70 years ago
1949


On the radio
Philo Vance, starring Jackson Beck
Tonight's episode: The Motor Murder Case

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Hands of Mr. Ottermole , starring Ralph Bell

This was the last episode of the season.

Died on this date
William Griffin, 51
. U.S. journalist. Mr. Griffin, a protege of William Randolph Hearst, founded the New York Enquirer in 1926. The paper adopted an isolationist policy in the 1930s and '40s, and Mr. Griffin was indicted under the Smith Act in 1942 for subverting the morale of American troops for opposing U.S. involvement in World War II. Mr. Smith was one of several dozen people indicted and tried in a mass trial, which dragged on for two years until the judge died in 1944, and the case was abandoned. The New York Enquirer was renamed The National Enquirer in 1957.

War
The U.S.A. refused to recognize the Nationalist blockade of Communist-held Chinese ports.

Defense
Speaking at the Armed Forces Industrial College in Washington, U.S. financier and adviser Bernard Baruch accused the administration of U.S. President Harry Truman of "vacillation and neglect" for failing to enact a war resources mobilization plan.

Politics and government
Alexandros Diomidis took office as Prime Minister of Greece, succeeding Themistoklis Sophoulis, who had died in office four days earlier.

U.S. Senator Robert Wagner (Democrat--New York) resigned his seat because of illness.

Society
Alabama Governor Jim Folsom (Democrat) signed a bill banning the public wearing of masks or hoods.

Economics and finance
Attempting to counteract the deflationary economic trend, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board announced plans to make more credit available to businesses in the purchase, sale, and exchange of government securities.

Labour
The Berlin railway strike ended after 38 days, as 15,000 Western-sector workers returned to their jobs.

Baseball
After missing the first 69 games of the season because of a foot injury, Joe DiMaggio returned to the New York Yankees' lineup, and batted 2 for 3 with a base on balls, home run, 2 runs, and 2 runs batted in to help the Yankees to defeat the Boston Red Sox 5-4 at Fenway Park in Boston. The attendance of 36,228 was the largest for a night game in Fenway Park history. Hank Bauer got the Yankees' scoring started with a 3-run home run in the 2nd inning off Red Sox' rookie Mickey McDermott, who pitched an 8-hit complete game in taking the loss. Allie Reynolds allowed 11 hits and 4 earned runs in 8+ innings to get the win, improving his 1949 record to 8-1.

Jerry Priddy singled home John Sullivan with 1 out in the top of the 12th inning to break a 6-6 tie as the St. Louis Browns edged the Chicago White Sox 7-6 before 9,456 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Bill Kennedy, the last of three St. Louis pitchers, allowed just 1 hit in 6 scoreless innings and was rewarded with his first win of the season after 5 losses. Howie Judson, the last of three Chicago pitchers, allowed 3 hits and 1 earned run in 3 innings, dropping to 1-10 for 1949. George Yankowski flied out as a pinch hitter for the White Sox to end the 9th inning in the 18th and last game of his 2-year major league career.

60 years ago
1959


Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Ce serait dommage--Sacha Distel (3rd week at #1)

Diplomacy
U.S.S.R. Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko declared that the Geneva foreign ministers conference had forced the Western powers to give "de facto recognition" to the East German government.

Politics and government
Indian Communist Party leaders meeting in Kerala rejected Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's suggestion that new elections be called for Kerala State on the grounds that it would sanction illegal opposition efforts to overthrow the government.

Economics and finance
The West German government announced that it accepted responsibility for both East and West Germany in the indemnification of victims of Nazi persecution.

U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower released an interim report of his Cabinet Committee on Price Stability, warning that "our economy is now at a critical juncture requiring action to forestall inflation and insure sustained economic growth and progress."

Disasters
Two butane tank cars exploded on a railroad trestle over the Ogeechee River near Meldrin, Georgia, killing 19 people swimming and picnicking below.

50 years ago
1969


Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Hair--The Cowsills

#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (5th week at #1)

#1 single in France: Oh Happy Day--The Edwin Hawkins Singers (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Storia d'amore--Adriano Celentano (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): The Ballad of John and Yoko--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): The Ballad of John and Yoko--The Beatles

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 Get Back/Don't Let Me Down--The Beatles with Billy Preston (4th week at #1)
2 Hair--The Cowsills
3 The Real Thing--Russell Morris
4 Gitarzan--Ray Stevens
5 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces
6 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
7 Love Me Tonight--Tom Jones
8 The Boxer/Baby Driver--Simon & Garfunkel
9 Bad Moon Rising/Lodi--Creedence Clearwater Revival
10 Goodbye--Mary Hopkin

Singles entering the chart were Oh Happy Day by the Edwin Hawkins Singers (#25); Where's the Playground Susie by Glen Campbell (#32); Tear Drop City by the Monkees (#33); La La by the Flying Circus (#36); Get a Little Dirt on Your Hands by Love Machine (#38); and Lady Scorpio by the Strangers (#39).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 The Ballad of John and Yoko--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)
2 Je t'aime...mon non plus--Jane Birkin avec Serge Gainsbourg
3 Tomorrow Tomorrow--The Bee Gees
4 Oh Happy Day--The Edwin Hawkins Singers
5 Big Bamboo--The Merrymen
6 Stop the Machine--Swinging Soul Machine
7 Time is Tight--Booker T. & the M.G.'s
8 Pretty Belinda--Chris Andrews
9 Suzanne--Herman Van Veen
10 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces

Singles entering the chart were Where Will I Be by Golden Earrings (#27); Tomaatje/Tante Nel by De Specials (#29); Hippe Mamma Hé by Confetti Combo (#31); What is a Man by the Four Tops (#34); Loekie Loekie by Zoef Zoef en De Beevers (#35); Spinning Wheel by Blood, Sweat & Tears (#36); and Catarina Baby by the Buffoons (#40).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
2 Bad Moon Rising--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston
4 Too Busy Thinking About My Baby--Marvin Gaye
5 One--Three Dog Night
6 Spinning Wheel--Blood, Sweat & Tears
7 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
8 Good Morning Starshine--Oliver
9 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces
10 Grazing in the Grass--The Friends of Distinction

Singles entering the chart were Sweet Caroline (Good Times Never Seemed So Good) by Neil Diamond (#59); Good Old Rock 'n Roll by Cat Mother and the All Night News Boys (#61); Reconsider Me by Johnny Adams (#72); Choice of Colors by the Impressions (#77); I'm Still a Struggling Man by Edwin Starr (#80); Put a Little Love in Your Heart by Jackie DeShannon (#85); Forever by Mercy (#87); On Campus by Dickie Goodman (#88); Abraham, Martin and John by Moms Mabley (#89); While You're Out Looking for Sugar? by the Honey Cone (#90); Never Comes the Day by the Moody Blues (#92); Get Together by the Youngbloods (#93); Along Came Jones by Ray Stevens (#94); Don't Tell Your Mama (Where You've Been) by Eddie Floyd (#95); Everything I Do Gonh Be Funky (From Now On) by Lee Dorsey (#96); Muddy River by Johnny Rivers (#97); (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay by Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 (#98); and Theme from 'A Summer Place' by the Ventures (#100). On Campus was a "break-in" record, with an interviewer asking questions, and the "answers" consisting of clips of recent hit singles by various artists. Get Together had previously spent 8 weeks on the chart in the fall of 1967; he 1969 release of the single on RCA Victor records was in stereo, while the 1967 release was in mono.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
2 Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
3 Bad Moon Rising--Creedence Clearwater Revival
4 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston
5 One--Three Dog Night
6 Too Busy Thinking About My Baby--Marvin Gaye
7 Good Morning Starshine--Oliver
8 Spinning Wheel--Blood, Sweat & Tears
9 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces
10 Grazing in the Grass--The Friends of Distinction

Singles entering the chart were Reconsider Me by Johnny Adams (#79); Along Came Jones by Ray Stevens (#83); Break Away by the Beach Boys (#85); Abraham, Martin and John by Smokey Robinson and the Miracles (#87); Where Do I Go/Be-in (Hare Krishna) by the Happenings (#88); Get Together by the Youngbloods (#89); Gotta Get to Know You by Bobby Bland (#91); Nothing Can Take the Place of You by Brook Benton (#92); (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay by Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 (#93); Forever by Mercy (#95); Twenty-Five Miles by Mongo Santamaria (#99); and Till You Get Enough by the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band (#100). Where Do I Go/Be-in (Hare Krishna) was a medley of songs originally from the musical Hair. Get Together had previously spent 6 weeks on the chart in the fall of 1967.

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 The Ballad of John and Yoko--The Beatles
2 Bad Moon Rising--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston
4 Medicine Man (Part I)--Buchanan Brothers
5 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
6 Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
7 Love (Can Make You Happy)--Mercy
8 Goodbye--Mary Hopkin
9 See--The Rascals
10 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces
Pick hit of the week: Crosswalk--The Stampeders

Space
The United States launched Biosatellite 3, a heavily instrumented biomedical research capsule, carrying a male macaque monkey named Bonny. The satellite’s 30-day mission was to evaluate animal responses to long stays in space.

War
Honduras and El Salvador accepted mediation offers from Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica in an effort to end the Soccer War.

Politics and government
The vice president and eight other members of Greece’s Council of State resigned in a protest against the military regime’s attempt to assert authority over the nation’s judiciary.

Protest
Police and sodomites clashed at the Stonewall Inn in New York City. The incident, which occurred in the wee hours, was instigated by a concern on the part of the police that the sodomite hangout was controlled by organized crime. When the perverts fought back, it was regarded as the beginning of the sodomite rights movement, which has plagued the world for the last 50 years.

40 years ago
1979


Oil
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries agreed to raise the base price of oil 24% to a minimum price of $18 per barrel. A complex new price system was agreed upon that would allow a maximum price of $23.50 per barrel.

A summit meeting of the world’s seven leading industrial democracies (G7) opened in Tokyo. The nations hoped to reach agreement on freezing oil imports and reduce energy consumption and western reliance on OPEC.

30 years ago
1989


Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Minä olen muistanut--Kim Lönnholm (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Eternal Flame--Bangles (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Mike Sebastian, 79
. U.S. football player and coach. Mr. Sebastian was a fullback with the University of Pittsburgh (1931-1933), helping the Panthers win a share of the national championship in 1931, and earning All-American honours in his last two seasons after moving to halfback. He played professionally for 10 teams from 1934-1938. Mr. Sebastian was forced to retire as a player because of knee and hip injuries, and went on to a long and successful career as a high school teacher and football coach. He died three weeks after his 79th birthday, from hepatitis contracted during hip replacement surgery.

Politics and government
On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, Serbian President Slobodan Milošević delivered the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle, in which he described the possibility of "armed battles" in the future of Serbia's national development.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Ottawa (0-1) 7 @ Hamilton (1-0) 41
Edmonton (0-1) 24 @ Saskatchewan (2-0) 28

The Roughriders' win over the Eskimos at Taylor Field in Regina was the last game for Edmonton receiver James Hood, who was playing for his fifth Canadian Football League team in as many years. He began his career with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1985, then went to the Montreal Alouettes in 1986, where he was chosen the Eastern Division’s Most Outstanding Player. When the Alouettes folded in 1987, Mr. Hood was picked up by the Ottawa Rough Riders. In 1988 he played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders, and joined the Eskimos in the off-season.

25 years ago
1994


Football
CFL
Pre-season
Shreveport (0-2) 1 @ Toronto (2-0) 24
British Columbia (1-1) 37 @ Calgary (1-1) 24

20 years ago
1999


Economics and finance
U.S. President Bill Clinton announced that new projections showed federal budget surpluses totalling nearly $3 trillion through 2009.

10 years ago
2009


Died on this date
Terry Black, 60
. Canadian singer. Mr. Black, a native of Vancouver, was a teen idol who had hits in Canada with singles such as Unless You Care (1964); Little Liar (1965); Only Sixteen (1965); and Poor Little Fool (1965). He was married to singer Laurel Ward from 1970-1993, and they recorded sporadically as a duo from 1972-1982, with their most notable single being Goin' Down (On the Road to L.A.) (1972). The couple were members of the group Dr. Music (1971-1973), achieving hits such as One More Mountain to Climb (1971) and Sun Goes By (1971). Mr. Black later became a disc jockey, and died in Kamloops, British Columbia after a long battle with multiple sclerosis.

World events
Honduran President Manuel Zelaya was ousted by a local military coup, following his attempt to hold a referendum to rewrite the constitution; this began the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.

Friday 28 June 2019

June 27, 2019

825 years ago
1194


Died on this date
Sancho VI, 62
. King of Navarre, 1150-1194. Sancho VI, known as Sancho the Wise, succeeded his father García Ramírez on the throne, and dropped the title King of Pamplona in favour of King of Navarre, thus changing the designation of his kingdom. He repaired the borders of his kingdom and brought it into the political orbit of Europe. Sancho VI was succeeded by his son Sancho VII.

260 years ago
1759


War
General James Wolfe landed a body of British troops at Lévis, across from Québec, and blockaded the St. Lawrence River to French shipping, beginning a siege lasting 75 days.

190 years ago
1829

Died on this date
James Smithson, 64
. French-born U.K. scientist. Mr. Smithson, born Jacques-Louis Macie, moved to England as an infant. He was a chemist and mineralogist who assisted in the development of calamine. Despite the fact that Mr. Smithson had never travelled to nor corresponded with anyone in the United States, he left an endowment "to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men."

180 years ago
1839


Died on this date
Ranjit Singh, 58
. Maharajah of Punjab, 1801-1839. Majarajah Ranjit Singh was the founder of the Sikh Empire, that existed from 1799-1849. He was succeeded as Maharajah by his son Kharak Singh.

175 years ago
1844


Died on this date
Hyrum Smith, 44
; Joseph Smith, 38. U.S. religious leaders. Joseph Smith was a con man who founded the Church of Christ--later known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints--in 1830, based on an alleged visit from an angel, resulting in The Book of Mormon, an alleged history of North America that had been preserved in a book of buried golden plates--which nobody ever saw. Mr. Smith's older brother Hyrum became an early follower and eventually Assistant President of the church. The church began in New York state and moved westward to Illinois, accompanied by various scams. The Smith brothers, along with apostles John Taylor and Willard Richards, were being held at the jail in Carthage, Illinois, when a mob of 60-200 dissident Saints descended on the jail. A shootout resulted, resulting in the deaths of the Smith brothers and the wounding of Mr. Taylor. Another brother, William Smith, succeeded Joseph as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, popularly known as the Mormon Church.

150 years ago
1869


Born on this date
Emma Goldman
. Lithuanian-born U.S. activist. Miss Goldman was one of the late 19th century and early 20th century's most prominent anarchists. She died in Toronto on May 14, 1940 at the age of 70, and her death was no great loss.

Hans Spemann. German embryologist. Dr. Spemann was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development." He discovered what is now known as embryonic induction, an influence exercised by various parts of the embryo that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues and organs. Dr. Spemann died on September 9, 1941 at the age of 72.

War
The Battle of Hakodate ended after almost seven months with the surrender of forces of the Republic of Ezo to Imperial Japanese forces.

130 years ago
1889


Born on this date
Moroni Olsen
. U.S. actor. Mr. Olsen began acting in plays in the 1910s, but was best known as a character actor in numerous movies from the mid-1930s until his death on November 22, 1954 at the age of 65.

120 years ago
1899


Born on this date
Juan Trippe
. U.S. aviation executive. Mr. Trippe founded Pan American Airways in 1927 and served as the airline's president until 1968. He was involved with innovations such as cabin pressurization and jumbo jets. Mr. Trippe died on April 3, 1981 at the age of 81, shortly after suffering a stroke.

100 years ago
1919


Died on this date
Peter Sturholdt, 33
. U.S. boxer. Mr. Sturholdt finished fourth in the lightweight division at the 1904 Summer Olympic Games in St. Louis, but was retroactively recognized as the bronze medal winner more than 100 years later as the result of the 1905 disqualification of silver medalist Jack Egan. Mr. Sturholdt worked as a painter, and was killed when the scaffold he was standing on broke.

Abominations
Esther I. Clark of Fredericton became the first female minister in New Brunswick, when she was hired as pastor of the Baptist Church in Grangeville.

90 years ago
1929


Boxing
Max Schmeling (42-4-3) won a 15-round decision over Paulino Uzcudun (38-7-2) in a heavyweight bout at Yankee Stadium in New York.



80 years ago
1939


Transportation
Pan American Airways inaugurated the world's first transatlantic air service with a flight between Botwood, Newfoundland and Southampton, England.

Baseball
The Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Bees played a 23-inning 2-2 tie before 2,457 fans at National League Park in Boston. The game was called on account of darkness after 5 hours and 15 minutes. Whit Wyatt pitched the first 16 innings for the Dodgers, allowing 15 hits and 2 earned runs.

Bob Feller pitched a 1-hitter, walking 6 batters and striking out 13, as the Cleveland Indians defeated the Detroit Tigers 5-0 before 55,305 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. Bobo Newsom took the loss, allowing 5 hits and 4 runs--all earned--in 2 innings.

75 years ago
1944


Theatre
Ten Little Indians by Agatha Christie opened at the Broadhurst Theatre on Broadway in New York City. The cast included Neil Fitzgerald, Georgia Harvey, and Halliwell Hobbes.

Died on this date
Milan Hodža, 66
. Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, 1935-1938. Mr. Hodža, the leader of the Czechoslovak Agrarian Party, was known for his attempts to establish a democratic federation of Central European states. He fled the country after the Munich agreement in 1938 that essentially violated Czechoslovakia's sovereignty, and lived in exile in several countries. Mr. Hodža died in Clearwater, Florida.

War
British units on the left flank of the Normandy beachhead launched an offensive that gained more than five miles southeast of Tilly-sur-Seulles. British troops recaptured Chiusi, Italy. Soviet troops captured Mogilev, 110 miles east of Minsk. U.S. troops pushed two miles north of Kagman Point on the eastern shore of Saipan.

World events
Guatemalan President Jorge Ubico issued a decree placing all personnel of railroads, health, light, and water organizations under military laws and regulations until further notice.

Politics and government
The platform of the U.S. Republican Party, presented at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, pledged extension to old age and unemployment insurance; promised labour freedom from "political trickery;" offered farmers reorganization of the U.S. Agriculture Department; and approved U.S. participation in a postwar organization to prevent the rise of militarism.

70 years ago
1949


Politics and government
Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent led his governing Liberal Party to its fourth straight majority in the House of Commons in the Canadian federal election. The Liberals took 191 of 262 seats in the House of Commons, an increase of 73 from the most recent election in 1945. The Progressive Conservatives, led by former Ontario Premier George Drew, dropped from 65 seats to 24. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, led by M.J. Coldwell, dropped from 28 seats to 13; the Social Credit Party, led by Solon Low, dropped from 13 to 10. The Liberals' total remains their highest total in any Canadian federal election.

Religion
The Czechoslovakian government barred communications and meetings of Roman Catholic church officials without prior state approval.

Law
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state courts may consider illegally-obtained evidence if permitted to do so by state law, upholding the abortion conviction of Denver physician Dr. Julius Wolf, whose records had been seized without a warrant. The Court also reversed the murder convictions of three Negroes due to police coercion in obtaining confessions.

Economics and finance
The U.S.A. withdrew its objections to the Argentine-British trade pact after accepting the U.K.'s explanation that its acute dollar shortage forced it to deal extensively with Argentina.

Labour
24,000 Australian coal miners struck for a $4.40 weekly pay raise and a 35-hour work week, forcing extensive layoffs and plant closings in other industries.

60 years ago
1959


Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Personality--Lloyd Price

#1 single in Italy: Venus--Frankie Avalon (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Die Gitarre und das Meer--Freddy Quinn (10th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Dream Lover--Bobby Darin

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Battle of New Orleans--Johnny Horton (5th week at #1)
2 Personality--Lloyd Price
3 Lonely Boy--Paul Anka
4 Dream Lover--Bobby Darin
5 Kansas City--Wilbert Harrison
6 Quiet Village--Martin Denny
7 Tallahassee Lassie--Freddy Cannon
8 A Teenager in Love--Dion and the Belmonts
9 Lipstick on Your Collar--Connie Francis
10 Frankie--Connie Francis

Singles entering the chart were Sea of Love by Phil Phillips with the Twilights (#79); Lavender-Blue by Sammy Turner (#80); Lonely Guitar by Annette (#86); Cap and Gown by Marty Robbins (#88); Till There was You by Anita Bryant (#90); Oh, What a Fool by the Impalas (#91); The Way I Walk by Jack Scott (#94); Wonderful You by Jimmie Rodgers (#96); Crying My Heart Out for You by Neil Sedaka (#100); and I'm Coming Home by Marv Johnson (also #100).

Diplomacy
French President Charles de Gaulle concluded a five-day state visit to Italy.

Iraq ended its three-month boycott of Arab League meetings.

Americana
Hawaiians, in a plebiscite, voted 132,938-7,854 in favour of accepting statehood.

Crime
Japanese police announced the breakup of a narcotics ring said to have smuggled $278 million worth of drugs from Communist China in the past 10 years.

Golf
Mickey Wright shot a 1-over-par 71 to win her second straight U.S. Women's Open with a 7-over-par total score of 287 at Churchill Valley Country Club in Blackridge, Pennsylvania, 2 strokes ahead of Louise Suggs. First prize money was $1,800.

Baseball
With the players voting, outfielder Hank Aaron of the Milwaukee Braves became the first player to be unanimously elected to play in an All-Star game.

50 years ago
1969


Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Hair--The Cowsills (2nd week at #1)

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 The Ballad of John and Yoko/Old Brown Shoe--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)
2 I Threw it All Away--Bob Dylan
3 Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
4 Let Me--Paul Revere and the Raiders
5 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces
6 Medicine Man (Part I)--Buchanan Brothers
7 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
8 My Pledge of Love--The Joe Jeffrey Group
9 One--Three Dog Night
10 Bad Moon Rising/Lodi--Creedence Clearwater Revival

Singles entering the chart were When I Die by Motherlode (#25); Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town by Kenny Rogers and the First Edition (#27); In the Year 2525 (Exordium & Terminus) by Zager and Evans (#28); Along Came Jones by Ray Stevens (#29); and Color Him Father by the Winstons (#30).

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 The Ballad of John and Yoko--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)
2 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
3 Seattle--Perry Como
4 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston
5 One--Three Dog Night
6 Bad Moon Rising--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 See--The Rascals
8 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
9 Medicine Man (Part I)--Buchanan Brothers
10 Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus

Personal
It was the last day of school for this blogger in Miss Whiting's grade 2 class at Yellowknife Public School. Like everyone else, I was looking forward to summer.

World events
The military government of Greece ousted the president of the Council of State, the nation’s highest administrative tribunal, and accused the 25-man body of challenging its revolutionary authority. The Council was set up 40 years earlier to protect against arbitrary government actions.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Richard Nixon arrived in Montreal to begin a visit to Canada.

Politics and government
The United Kingdom granted the West Indies island of St. Vincent the status of an associated state within the Commonwealth, effective October 27, 1969.

Labour
The Medical College of South Carolina Hospital announced that it had reached an agreement to end the 13-week strike of hospital workers in Charleston. A settlement was yet to be reached at Charleston County Hospital.

Baseball
Steve Carlton struck out 12 and improved his 1969 record to 8-5 as the St. Louis Cardinals defeated the Chicago Cubs 3-1 before 29,224 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The Cardinals scored 2 runs in the 7th inning and 1 in the 8th, after Chicago pitcher Ken Holtzman, who dropped to 10-2, had retired the first 20 batters.

The Philadelphia Phillies scored all their runs in the first 4 innings and held on to defeat the Montreal Expos 8-7 before 16,847 fans at Jarry Park in Montreal. Steve Renko made his major league debut as Montreal's starting pitcher and took the loss, allowing 4 hits and 5 runs--all earned--in 2 1/3 innings, walking 3 batters and striking out none, batting 0 for 1. He was relieved by Dick Radatz after yielding a 3-run home run by Larry Hisle, who singled in the eventual deciding run. Mack Jones drove in 4 runs for the Expos with a pair of homers.

Steve Blass allowed 3 hits in 8 1/3 innings to win the pitchers' duel over Jerry Koosman as the Pittsburgh Pirates beat the New York Mets 3-1 before 42,276 fans at Shea Stadium in New York. Freddie Patek's solo home run in the 5th inning was the eventual winning run. The Mets scored in the 9th and had runners on first and second bases with 1 out, but Joe Gibbon relieved Mr. Blass and struck out pinch hitters Rod Gaspar and Ed Charles to end the game.

Pete Rose's 2-run home run off Juan Marichal with 1 out in the bottom of the 8th inning provided the winning margin as the Cincinnati Reds beat the San Francisco Giants 4-3 in the first game of a doubleheader before 20,340 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. The Giants scored 2 runs in the 9th and had runners on first and second bases with 2 out, but Willie Mays grounded into a force play to end the game. The Reds scored 6 runs in the first 2 innings and coasted to a 9-1 win in the second game, with Jim Merritt pitching a 6-hit complete game victory to improve his 1969 record to 8-3. Ozzie Virgil flied out as a pinch hitter for the Giants in the 8th inning of the second game, which was the 324th and last game of his 9-year major league career.

Marty Martinez singled home Curt Blefary with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Houston Astros a 5-4 win over the Atlanta Braves before 24,580 fans at the Astrodome.

The Baltimore Orioles scored 2 runs in each of the first 2 innings and Dave McNally pitched a 5-hitter to improve his record for the season to 11-0 as the Orioles beat the Detroit Tigers 4-1 before 39,798 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore.

Hawk Taylor singled home Ellie Rodriguez to climax a 2-run rally in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Kansas City Royals a 9-8 win over the Minnesota Twins before 11,031 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City.

Blue Moon Odom pitched a 4-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Billy Wynne, who allowed just 3 hits and no earned runs, as the Oakland Athletics edged the Chicago White Sox 1-0 before 7,825 fans at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. The game's only run was scored with 2 out in the bottom of the 8th when Ted Kubiak beat out an infield hit on a grounder to Chicago third baseman Bill Melton, and Mr. Melton made a throwing error, allowing pinch runner Catfish Hunter to score.

40 years ago
1979


Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Ring My Bell--Anita Ward (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Pat Maloney, 91
. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Maloney was an outfielder who played 25 games with the New York Highlanders in 1912, batting .215 with no home runs and 4 runs batted in. He played at least 651 games in at least 7 seasons in the minor leagues from 1912-1920.

War
Syrian MiGs were involved in dogfights with Israeli jets over southern Lebanon in the first aerial combat between the countries in five years. Israelis had been attacking Palestine Liberation Organization bases. Israel claimed that it had shot down five of the MiGs. It was the first time that Israel had used F-15s, advanced American jets, in combat. The United States expressed serious concern over the use of these jets, as they had been supplied to Israel on condition that they be used only for defensive purposes.

Diplomacy
The United States sent special envoys to Nicaragua in an attempt to persuade Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza to step down in favour of a provisional government that would include Sandanista rebels.

Defense
Howard Baker (Tennessee), leader of the Republican minority in the United States Senate, announced that he would not support the SALT-II arms limitation treaty unless it was amended.

Abominations
The United States Supreme Court ruled 5-2 to uphold voluntary affirmative action plans that allowed companies to give special preference to Negroes to eliminate past "racial imbalance" in job classifications. No evidence of past discrimination by the employers needed to be proved in order for such programs to be legal. The court rejected the arguments of Brian Weber, a white worker, that a special training program at the Gramercy, Louisiana plant of Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. had practiced "reverse discrimination" against whites by reserving half the places for Negro workers. Mr. Weber had not been admitted to the program even though two Negro workers with less seniority had been given places in it. The Court treated the affirmative action program as a voluntary agreement between private parties whose conduct was not regulated by the Constitution. Of course, Mr. Weber and other whites didn’t volunteer to be discriminated against.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Montreal (3-0) 30 @ Toronto (1-2) 18

Baseball
The New York Mets outscored the Pittsburgh Pirates 9-6 over the last 3 innings, and scored 5 unanswered runs in the top of the 9th, to win 12-9 before 13,168 fans at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh.

On the Wednesday night Expos Baseball telecast on CBC, Silvio Martinez pitched a 1-hitter for the St. Louis Cardinals as they blanked the Montreal Expos 5-0 before 14,864 fans at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis. Mr. Martinez, who improved his 1979 record to 6-2, was 4 outs away from a no-hitter when Duffy Dyer singled.

The San Francisco Giants scored all their runs in the bottom of the 8th inning as they rallied from a 3-0 deficit to defeat the Houston Astros 6-3 before 11,563 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. San Francisco second baseman Roger Metzger made the first and last outs at bat in the 8th.

Jim Palmer pitched a 4-hitter to improve his 1979 record to 7-3, winning the pitchers' duel over Mike Paxton as the Baltimore Orioles beat the Cleveland Indians 3-1 before 20,209 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Toby Harrah led off the 9th inning with a home run to break up Mr. Palmer's bid for a shutout.

The Boston Red Sox scored a run in the 8th inning and 2 in the 9th to overcome a 1-0 deficit and defeat the Detroit Tigers 3-1 before 32,381 fans at Tiger Stadium.

The Milwaukee Brewers scored 6 runs in the top of the 5th inning to take a 9-0 lead and held on for a 9-8 win over the Minnesota Twins before 18,602 fans at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington.

With Joe Simpson on third base and 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning, Ken Kravec intentionally walked Bobby Valentine and Leon Roberts to load the bases, and then unintentionally walked Ruppert Jones to force home Mr. Simpson with the winning run to give the Seattle Mariners a 4-3 win over the Chicago White Sox before 8,106 fans at the Kingdome in Seattle. Mr. Kravec allowed 11 hits and 4 earned runs in pitching a complete game.

30 years ago
1989


Law
U.S. President George Bush announced his support for an amendment to the United States Constitution to prohibit desecration of the American flag. Civil liberties groups objected to such an idea on the grounds that such an amendment would infringe on freedom of speech. The U.S. House of Representatives voted 411-5 to express its concern over the June 21 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that burning the flag was permitted as a form of political protest.

Scandal
A U.S. federal appeals court ruled 2-1 to overturn the 1988 conviction of Lyn Nofziger, a former official in the administration of President Ronald Reagan, for illegal lobbying, because prosecutors had failed to prove that Mr. Nofziger had known he was breaking the law.

Labour
International Labour Organization Convention 169, a major binding international convention concerning indigenous peoples, and a forerunner of the 2007 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, was adopted.

Baseball
Randy Milligan batted 4 for 5 with a home run, 2 doubles, and 4 runs batted in to help the Baltimore Orioles rout the Toronto Blue Jays 16-6 before 30,136 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Jay Tibbs allowed 13 hits and 6 earned runs in pitching a complete game victory to improve his record for the season to 5-0. The most interesting aspect of the game was that with Frank Robinson managing the Orioles and Cito Gaston managing the Blue Jays, it was the first regular season game in major league history to feature Negro managers for both teams.

Charlie Puleo and Steve Ziem combined to pitch a no-hitter for the Richmond Braves of the International League as they shut out the Oklahoma City 89ers of the American Association 3-0 in an interlocking game.

25 years ago
1994


Hit parade
#1 single in Germany (Media Control): United--Prince Ital Joe & Marky Mark (3rd week at #1)

Canada's top 10 (RPM)
1 I Swear--All-4-One (2nd week at #1)
2 Don't Turn Around--Ace of Base
3 Wild Night--John Mellencamp with Me’shell Ndegeocello
4 I'll Remember--Madonna
5 If You Go--Jon Secada
6 Round Here--Counting Crows
7 Sleeping in My Car--Roxette
8 Shine--Collective Soul
9 You Mean the World to Me--Toni Braxton
10 Misled--Celine Dion

Singles entering the chart were Crash! Boom! Bang! by Roxette (#72); Ain't Got Nothing If You Ain't Got Love by Michael Bolton (#74); Love is Strong by the Rolling Stones (#77); Broadway Joe by Koven Jordan (#78); This Weight on Me by Chris DeBurgh (#83); Just a Step from Heaven by Eternal (#86); Love is All Around by Wet Wet Wet (#87); Always by Erasure (#88); Bad Timing by Blue Rodeo (#93); I Wish by Gabrielle (#94); and I'll Remember You by Atlantic Starr (#96).

Terrorism
Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult released sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan; 7 people were killed, 660 injured.

Politics and government
U.S. President Bill Clinton named former Congressman and current director of the White House Office of Management and Budget Leon Panetta as his chief of staff, replacing Mr. Clinton's longtime friend Thomas McLarty.

20 years ago
1999


Died on this date
Georgios Papadopoulos, 80
. Prime Minister of Greece, 1967-1973; President of Greece, 1973. Colonel Papadopoulos fought against invading Italian and German forces during World War II, but eventually became a Nazi collaborator. He led a military coup that seized power in 1967, and led the junta until he was deposed by a coup led by his co-conspirator, Brigadier Dimitrios Ioannidis. Democracy was restored to Greece in 1974, and Col. Papadopoulos was among those convicted in 1975 of various high crimes and misdemeanors. They were originally sentenced to death, but the sentences were commuted to life imprisonment, and Col. Papadopoulos died in prison.

Marion Motley, 79. U.S. football player. Mr. Motley, one of the first Negro stars in American professional football, played fullback with the Cleveland Browns from 1946-1953. The Browns were the champions of the All-America Football Conference during the entire four years of the league's existence from 1946-1949; after moving into the National Football League, the Browns won the league title in 1950, and were finalists in the championship game during the last three seasons of Mr. Motley's career. Mr. Motley led the AAFC in rushing in 1948 with 964 yards, and the NFL in 1950 with 810 yards. He excelled in AAFC championship games: 13 rushes for 98 yards and a touchdown in 1946; 13 for 109 yards, including a 51-yard run to set up a touchdown in 1947; 14 for 133 yards and three touchdowns in 1948; and 8 for 75, including a 63-yard touchdown run, in 1949. Mr. Motley was slowed down by knee injuries during his last three seasons; a comeback attempt with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1955 ended after 7 games as a linebacker. He was inducted into the Professional Football Hall of Fame in 1968, and died of prostate cancer, 22 days after his 79th birthday.

Sport
In the sixth X Games at Pier 30 overlooking San Francisco Bay, Tony Hawk became the first skateboarder ever to land the 900, his sport's equivalent of the four-minute mile.

Baseball
Mike Witt pitched a 3-hitter and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays scored 5 runs in the 1st inning and coasted to an 8-0 win over the Toronto Blue Jays before 18,048 fans at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg.

Craig Wilson's 2-run home run climaxed a 3-run 9th inning for the Chicago White Sox as they edged the Boston Red Sox 7-6 before 30,627 fans at Fenway Park in Boston.

Ken Griffey's 3-run home run in the bottom of the 1st inning gave the Seattle Mariners a 3-2 lead as they defeated the Texas Rangers 5-2 before 56,530 fans in the last major league game to be played at the Kingdome in Seattle. Mr. Griffey's blow was his 198th career home run in the Kingdome.



Greg Maddux allowed 2 hits in 8 innings to win the pitchers' duel over Masato Yoshii, who allowed just 4 hits in 7 innings, as the Atlanta Braves edged the New York Mets 1-0 before 46,092 fans at Turner Field in Atlanta. Ozzie Guillen doubled home Eddie Perez with 2 out in the bottom of the 3rd inning for the game's only run.

Travis Lee tripled to lead off the bottom of the 10th inning and scored on a single by pinch hitter Andy Fox to give the Arizona Diamondbacks a 3-2 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 44,458 fans at Bank One Ballpark in Phoenix.

10 years ago
2009


Died on this date
Jackie Washington, 89
. Canadian musician. Mr. Washington, a native of Hamilton, Ontario, was a blues singer-songwriter who played at local venues and music festivals across Canada in a career spanning more than 60 years. He recorded several albums from 1976-2003, and became Canada's first Negro disc jockey when he hosted a show on the Hamilton station CHML from 1948-1950. Mr. Washington suffered from diabetes in later years, and died on June 27, 2009 at the age of 89.

Gale Storm, 87. U.S. actress and singer. Miss Storm, born Josephine Cottle, appeared in low-budget movies from 1940 through the early 1950s before achieving success as the star of the television comedy series My Little Margie (1952-1955) and The Gale Storm Show (1956-1960). She had a short-lived recording career, achieving six Billboard top 10 hits from 1955-1957; her first hit, a cover of the rhythm and blues song I Hear You Knocking, was her biggest, reaching #2. Miss Storm had a serious drinking problem in the 1970s, but recovered.

Defense
Canadian Governor General Michaelle Jean, commander-in-chief of the Canadian forces, presented the Maritime Command with a new flag, in a ceremony known as the Queen's Colour, at the Halifax Garrison Grounds.

Wednesday 26 June 2019

June 26, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Beth Stover!

610 years ago
1409


Religion
The Roman Catholic Church was led into a double schism as Petros Philargos was crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.

440 years ago
1579


War
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory began.

225 years ago
1794


War
French forces commanded by General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan defeated a Coalition Army (Great Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and Habsburg Monarchy) commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg in the Battle of Fleurus in the Netherlands, leading to the permanent loss of the Austrian Netherlands and the destruction of the Dutch Republic. The French use of the reconnaissance balloon l'Entreprenant marked the first successful use of aircraft to influence a battle.

200 years ago
1819


Born on this date
Abner Doubleday
. U.S. military officer. Mr. Doubleday was a general in the Union army in the U.S. Civil War who fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, South Carolina in 1861, and had a major role in the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. He was erroneously credited with having created the game of baseball in Cooperstown, New York in 1839. Gen. Doubleday died on January 26, 1893 at the age of 73.

Transportation
The bicycle was patented by W.K. Clarkson.

130 years ago
1889


Died on this date
Simon Cameron, 90
. U.S. politician. Mr. Cameron was a journalist, railroad executive, and banker before entering politics. As a Democrat, he represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1845-1849. Mr. Cameron was then a member of the American Party before joining the Republican Party in 1856. He represented Pennsylvania in the Senate again from 1857-1861, and served as U.S. Secretary of War in the administration of President Abraham Lincoln from 1861-1862, resigning amid accusations of corruption. Mr. Cameron served as U.S. Minister to Russia from June-September 1862, and returned to the Senate in 1867, representing Pennsylvania until 1877.

Africana
Bangui, the capital and largest city of the Central African Republic, was founded by Albert Dolisie and Alfred Uzac in what was then the upper reaches of the French Congo.

125 years ago
1894


Politics and government
Premier Sir Oliver Mowat led his Liberal Party to its seventh consecutive victory in the Ontario provincial election. The Liberals took 45 of 94 seats in the Legislative Assembly--a decrease of 8 from the most recent election in 1890--but Liberals running under the joint banners of Patrons of Industry (12) and Protestant Protective Association (1) provided a majority. The Conservative Party, led by W.R. Meredith, won 23 seats--a decrease of 11 from 1890--and Conservatives running under the joint banners of Protestant Protective Association (6) and Patrons of Industry (1) gave them a total of 30. The Patrons of Industry (3) and PPA (2) won seats without party affiliation, and one independent candidate was elected.

Academia
The cornerstone of Wesley College was laid in downtown Winnipeg; the college later became a founding college of what is now the University of Winnipeg.

Labour
The American Railway Union, led by Eugene Debs, called a general strike in sympathy with Pullman sleeping car workers.

120 years ago
1899


Born on this date
Maria Nikolaevna
. Russian royal family member. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna was the third daughter of Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra. She was murdered on July 17, 1918, three weeks after her 19th birthday, with the rest of her family, in Yekaterinburg by the Communists who had seized power the previous November.

110 years ago
1909


Born on this date
Colonel Tom Parker
. Dutch-born U.S. talent manager. "Colonel" Parker was born in the Netherlands as Andreas Cornelis van Kuijk, illegally entered the United States at the age of 18 by jumping ship, and never became a legal resident or citizen of the United States. He worked as a carnival barker before managing singers such as Gene Austin, Eddy Arnold, and Tommy Sands, but was best known for managing Elvis Presley from 1955 until Mr. Presley's death in 1977. "Col." Parker died at the age of 87 on January 21, 1997, the day after suffering a stroke, after years of declining health.

Britannica
The Science Museum in London came into existence as an independent entity.

100 years ago
1919


Born on this date
Freddie Mills
. U.K. boxer. Mr. Mills, a middleweight and then a light heavyweight, compiled a record of 77-18-6 in a professional career from 1936-1950, and was world light heavyweight champion from 1948-1950. He appeared in several movies and hosted radio and television programs after his boxing career ended. Mr. Mills operated a Chinese restaurant in the Soho area of London, which he later converted into a nightclub. On July 25, 1965, at the age of 46, Mr. Mills was found dead in his car with a gun in the car, and a bullet having been shot through his right eye. He was known to have suffered bouts of depression, and a verdict of suicide was returned. Those who knew Mr. Mills said that he would never have taken his own life, and there was speculation that he had been killed by gangsters after refusing to pay protection money. Conspiracy theories abound.

Jimmy Newberry. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Newberry played with the Birmingham Black Barons (1944-1950) of the Negro American League, compiling a record of 15-13 in 36 games. In 1952 he joined the Hankyu Braves of the Japanese Pacific League, as he and third baseman Jack Britton became the first Negro Americans to play professionally in Japan. Mr. Newberry posted a record of 11-10 with an earned run average of 3.23 in 36 games with the Braves. He returned to the United States and played in the minor leagues from 1954-1956, compiling a record of 9-18 in 71 games, mostly in relief. Mr. Newberry died on June 23, 1983, three days before his 64th birthday.

Richard Neustadt. U.S. political scientist. Dr. Neustadt specialized in the United States presidency, teaching at Harvard University and serving as an adviser to Democratic Party Presidents Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Bill Clinton. He was known for his book Presidential Power (1960), published in a revised edition as Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership (1990). Dr. Neustadt died at the age of 84 on October 31, 2003, of complications from a fall.

Journalism
The Illustrated Daily News--later renamed the New York Daily News--published its first edition.

Labour
The Winnipeg General Strike, which had begun on May 15, officially ended at 11 A.M. Future Canadian Co-operative Commonwealth Federation founder J. S. Woodsworth was charged with seditious conspiracy for participating in the strike; the charges were later dropped.

90 years ago
1929


Transportation
The Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway acquired, for joint operation, 857 miles of Northern Alberta Railways: Edmonton, Dunvegan & British Columbia Railway (447 miles); Alberta & Great Waterways Railway (286 miles); Central Canada Railway (98 miles); and Pembina Valley Railway (26 miles).

80 years ago
1939


Died on this date
Ford Madox Ford, 65
. U.K. author. Born Ford Hermann Hueffer, Mr. Ford was known for his novels The Fifth Queen (trilogy, 1906-1908); The Good Soldier (1915); and Parade's End (tetralogy, 1924-1928).

75 years ago
1944


On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Dissimilar Body

War
The Battle of Osuchy in Poland ended with the defeat of the Polish resistance forces. Soviet forces took Vitebsk and Zhlobin and pushed to within 35 miles of the Polish border in western Russia. U.S. troops in France mopped up the remaining German resistance in Cherbourg. San Marino, a neutral state, was mistakenly bombed by the U.K. Royal Air Force based on faulty information, leading to 35 civilian deaths.

Politics and government
California Governor Earl Warren delivered the keynote speech at the opening of the Republican National Convention in Chicago, pledging the party to cooperation in international affairs and internal reconstruction.

Baseball
More than 50,000 fans packed the Polo Grounds in New York for a unique exhibition game among the city's three major league teams to raise war bonds for World War II. The teams rotated, with one team sitting out an inning. The final score was Brooklyn Dodgers 5, New York Yankees 1, New York Giants 0.

70 years ago
1949


On the radio
Pat Novak For Hire, starring Jack Webb, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Little Jake Siegel

This was the last episode of the series.

Died on this date
Kim Koo, 72
. President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, 1927, 1939-1948. Mr. Kim was a nationalist politician who was a leader in the movement for Korean independence from Japanese rule, and of the movement for Korean reunification after World War II. He murdered a Japanese man in 1896 and was sentenced to death, but escaped two years later. Mr. Koo established the Korean Liberation Army in China, which served the Allied cause during World War II. He was reading poetry at his home in Seoul when South Korean Army Lieutenant Ahn Doo-hee burst in and fatally shot him four times. Lt. Ahn claimed that he killed Mr. Kim because he believed him to be an agent of the U.S.S.R. Lt. Ahn claimed sole responsibility for the assassination, but in 1992 claimed that the assassination had been ordered by Kim Chang-ryong, head of national security in the regime of President Syngman Rhee. Lt. Ahn was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but was released after one year, and was in turn assassinated in 1996. Mr. Kim is widely regarded by Koreans as a national hero.

Politics and government
The Christian Social Party, led by Gaston Eyskens, won a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the Belgian general election, barely short of a majority. The Christian Social party took 105 seats, an increase of 13 from the most recent election in 1946, and 2 short of a majority. The Socialist Party, led by Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak, was second with 66 seats, a decrease of 3 from 1946. The Liberal Party, led by Roger Motz, increased from 17 to 29, while the Communist Party, led by Julien Lahaut, dropped from 23 to 12. The Christian Social Party won 54 of 105 seats in the Senate, an increase of 3 from 1946. The Socialists dropped from 34 to 33, while the Liberals increased from 4 to 14 and the Communists dropped from 11 to 5. It was the first Belgian general election in which women were allowed to vote.

Newly-elected Syrian President Colonel Husni al-Za'im named Muhsen Bey Berazi as Prime Minister and head of a five-member cabinet.

Religion
Roman Catholic bishops in Czechoslovakia accused the government of mounting an anti-church campaign, with kidnappings, robbery, and other measures designed to destroy religious freedom in Czechoslovakia.

Medicine
The U.S. Federal Security Administration announced grants totalling $1,504,718 for cancer research.

Labour
Delegates from 33 countries voted in Geneva to set up an anti-Communist international labour organization rivalling the World Federation of Trade Unions.

Tennis
Bobby Riggs won the men's singles title at the U.S. professional championships in New York, while Don Budge and Frank Kovacs won the men's doubles title.

60 years ago
1959


Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Roulette--Russ Conway (2nd week at #1)

World events
Bolivian troops crushed a revolt in Santa Cruz, an oil refinery centre in southeastern Bolivia.

Defense
Israeli Prime Ministe David Ben-Gurion said that he would fulfill a contract with West Germany for the sale of 250,000 mortar shells despite the opposition of most Israeli newspapers and leftist parties.

Politics and government
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru told parliamentary leaders that the dispute in the state of Kerala could best be solved by new state elections. A campaign of mass disobedience was taking place against Kerala's Communist government.

Louisiana Governor Earl Long (Democrat) gained his release from Southeast Louisiana State Hospital in Mandeville by firing Jesse Bankston, head of the state hospital system, and replacing him with a supporter who had Gov. Long released. Gov. Long had been confined for several weeks because of alleged mental instability, but there was nothing in Louisiana state law requiring him to relinquish power while institutionalized.

Transportation
Queen Elizabeth II and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower opened the 2,300-mile St. Lawrence Seaway, connecting the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The seaway was a joint project between Canada and the U.S.A. that cost $470 million, $336.2 million of which was paid by Canada and $133.8 by the United States. Also on hand for the ceremony were Prince Philip, Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, and U.S. Secretary of State Christian Herter.



Economics and finance
Spanish officials initialled agreements in Madrid with representatives of several international monetary organizations providing for devaluation of the paseta and a strict austerity program.

U.S. President Eisenhower asked Congress to appropriate $1.6 billion for 1960 military aid; $835 million for defense support; $700 million for the Development Loan Fund; and $584 million for special aid.

Boxing
European champion Ingemar Johansson (22-0) of Sweden scored a technical knockout of defending champion Floyd Patterson (35-2) at 2:03 of the 3rd round to win the world heavyweight title before 30,000 fans at Yankee Stadium in New York. The challenger knocked Mr. Patterson down 7 times before referee Ruby Goldstein stopped the fight. Mr. Johansson became the last white heavyweight to wear the championship belt before boxing became divided into various ruling bodies, recognizing various champions.







Baseball
Don Kildoo pitched a no-hitter for the New Orleans Pelicans as they shut out the Birmingham Barons 5-0 in a Southern Association game.

Emperor Hirohito and his wife were in attendance at Korakuen Stadium in Tokyo as the Yomiuri Giants edged the Hanshin Tigers 5-4. Rookie Sadaharu Oh tied the game with a 2-run home run in the 7th inning, and Shigeo Nagashima won the game with a homer in the bottom of the 9th.

50 years ago
1969


On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Carleton Hobbs and Norman Shelley, on BBC 2
Tonight’s episode: A Case of Identity

Terrorism
Nine supermarkets in Buenos Aires were hit by bombs, which destroyed seven of them. The stores were part of a chain owned by the Rockefeller family’s International Basic Economy Corporation. New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller was scheduled to visit the city soon.

Law
The American Civil Liberties Union filed suit in federal court on behalf of several antiwar and black power organizations challenging the United States Department of Justice’s new doctrine that wiretapping of domestic groups could be justified.

40 years ago
1979


Died on this date
A.A. Afrifa, 43
; Frederick Akuffo, 42. Ghanaian military and political leaders. Lieutenant General Afrifa was Ghana's head of state from 1969-1970. Lieutenant General Akuffo ruled Ghana from 1978-1979, until deposed on June 4 by a coup led by air force Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings. Both were accused of using their positions to accumulate personal wealth, and were publicly executed in Accra by a firing squad.

Economics and finance
The United States Labor Department reported that consumer prices paid by urban residents had risen 1.1% in May, with energy prices replacing food prices as the major area of increase.

Energy
The United States House of Representatives voted 368-25 to fund the large-scale production of synthetic fuels. The bill would have the federal government encourage the production of 500,000 barrels per day of synthetic fuels by 1985 with the guarantee that the U.S. Defense Department would buy that amount. The government was to then encourage the production of 2,000,000 barrels per day by 1990. The House also agreed to authorize $3 billion for price supports for synthetic fuels.

Law
The United States Supreme Court eased restrictions in libel suits, ruling that individuals who do not by choice become involved in public controversy are not public figures, and thus need not prove malice in such civil suits.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Calgary (2-1) 23 @ Hamilton (0-3) 8
Winnipeg (0-3) 8 @ British Columbia (3-0) 12

Baseball
The New York Yankees traded pitcher Paul Semall and cash to the Chicago Cubs for outfielder Bobby Murcer, who had previously played for the Yankees from 1965-1974. Mr. Semall was 6-3 with an earned run average of 3.88 in 13 games with the Columbus Clippers of the AAA International League in 1979, and was assigned by the Cubs to the Wichita Aeros of the AAA American Association. Mr. Murcer was batting .258 with 7 home runs and 22 runs batted in in 58 games with Chicago in 1979.

30 years ago
1989


Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Wind Beneath My Wings--Bette Midler (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): The Look--Roxette

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Pop Singer--John Mellencamp
2 Satisfied--Richard Marx
3 Good Thing--Fine Young Cannibals
4 Wind Beneath My Wings--Bette Midler
5 I Won't Back Down--Tom Petty
6 Rock On--Michael Damian
7 Cry--Waterfront
8 Buffalo Stance--Neneh Cherry
9 Soldier of Love--Donny Osmond
10 Express Yourself--Madonna

Singles entering the chart were Batdance by Prince (#78); How Long by Blue Rodeo (#80); A Friend is a Friend by Pete Townshend (#84); Boy with a Beat by Trooper (#87); Cover of Love by Michael Damian (#89); Bye Bye Mon Cowboy by Mitsou (#91); and Hangin' High and Dry by Brighton Rock (#93).

Died on this date
Howard Green, 93
. Canadian politician. Mr. Green was a Conservative and Progressive member of the House of Commons from 1935-1963. He was Minister of Public Works in the government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker from 1957-1959 and Secretary of State for External Affairs from 1959-1963. Mr. Green was known for his support of the Commonwealth of Nations and nuclear disarmament. His support for Mr. Diefenbaker's refusal to allow nuclear-tipped Bomarc missiles into Canada helped lead to his, and the government's defeat in the 1963 federal election.

Walter Martin, 60. U.S. Christian apologist. Dr. Martin was the founder of the Christian Research Institute and author of numerous books, most notably The Kingdom of the Cults (originally published in 1965). He died of a heart attack the day after debating apostate Anglican Bishop John Shelby Spong. Dr. Martin's messages and writings can be found at Walter Martin's Religious Info Net, a site operated by his daughter, Jill Martin Rische.

Business
Time, Inc. rejected an offer of $12.2 billion ($200 per share) from Paramount Communications Corporation to purchase the company.

25 years ago
1994


Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: The Most Beautiful Girl in the World--The Artist Formerly Known as Prince (Love Symbol) (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Without You--Mariah Carey (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Without You--Mariah Carey (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Chart Information Network): Love is All Around--Wet Wet Wet (5th week at #1)

Baseball
Damian Moss pitched a no-hitter for the Danville Braves as they shut out the Bluefield Orioles 6-0 in an Appalachian League game.

20 years ago
1999


Died on this date
Tim Layana, 35
. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Layana played with the Cincinnati Reds (1990-1991) and San Francisco Giants (1993), compiling a record of 5-5 with an earned run average of 4.56 and 2 saves in 78 games. He played 10 seasons in minor and independent leagues from 1986-1997, compiling a record of 43-48 with 40 saves in 315 games. Mr. Layana was killed in an auto accident.

Labour
The 47,500 members of the Quebec Federation of Nurses (FIIQ) launched an unlimited and illegal general strike.

Baseball
The Boston Red Sox scored 11 runs in the 1st inning en route to a 17-1 rout of the Chicago White Sox before 32,758 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Pedro Martinez allowed 3 hits and 1 earned run in pitching just the first 5 innings for the Red Sox, improving his 1999 record to 14-2.

Joe Mays allowed 4 hits in 6 innings to get his first major league win with the help of two relief pitchers as the Minnesota Twins edged the Detroit Tigers 1-0 before 19,667 fans at Tiger Stadium. Doug Mientkiewicz led off the top of the 6th inning with a base on balls and scored the only run on a 1-out single by Chad Allen. Losing pitcher Dave Mlicki pitched a 6-hit complete game.

The Kansas City Royals, trailing 7-0 after 6 1/2 innings, scored a run in the 7th and erupted for 10 in the bottom of the 8th to defeat the Cleveland Indians 11-7 before 29,358 fans at Kauffman Stadium in Kansas City.

Charles Gipson drew a base on balls to lead off the bottom of the 8th inning and scored on a 1-out single by David Bell to break a 4-4 tie as the Seattle Mariners edged the Texas Rangers 5-4 before 37,992 fans at the Kingdome in Seattle.

Alberto Castillo scored Edgar Renteria with a sacrifice fly in the top of the 10th inning to break a 1-1 tie as the St. Louis Cardinals edged the Arizona Diamondbacks 2-1 before 48,053 fans at Bank One Ballpark in Phoenix.

Todd Hundley hit a 2-run home run in the 3rd inning and a 3-run homer with none out in the top of the 9th to enable the Los Angeles Dodgers to defeat the San Francisco Giants 7-6 before 44,766 fans at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point in San Francisco. The Giants had scored 4 runs in the bottom of the 8th to take a 6-4 lead, with Ellis Burks' 3-run homer the big blow.

The San Diego Padres scored 5 runs in each of the 2nd and 7th innings as they beat the Colorado Rockies 13-6 before 47,808 fans at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego.

10 years ago
2009


Business
Five months after filing for bankruptcy protection, Nortel Networks Corporation was de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange at a price of 18.5c per share, down from its high in 2000, when it had comprised a third of the S&P/TSX composite index. The move came after a plan to sell off all the company's assets, and allegations of fraud.