July 5, 2011

690 years ago
1321

Born on this date
Joan. Queen consort of Scotland, 1329-1362. Joan of the Tower, the daughter of King Edward II and Queen Isabella of England, was born in the Tower of London. She was married at the age of 7 in 1328 to David, 4, son of Robert the Bruce, and became queen consort of Scotland when her husband acceded to the throne as King David II. After the English forces of King Edward III won the Battle of Haldion Hill in 1333, King David and Queen Joan fled into exile in France, living under the protection of King Philippe VI. They were able to return to Scotland in June 1341, with King David ruling under his own power. He was taken prisoner during the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, and spent 11 years in the Tower of London. Queen Joan was allowed to visit him several times, but didn't become pregnant. After King David's release, Queen Joan decided to remain in England, where she died on September 7, 1362 at the age of 41.

200 years ago
1811

South Americana
Venezuela became the first South American country to declare its independence from Spain.

170 years ago
1841

Britannica
Thomas Cook organized the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough, England.

130 years ago
1881

Society
The New Zealand Parliament passed the Chinese Immigrants Act. After this received Royal Assent, a "poll tax" of £10 (equivalent to $1,770 today) was imposed on Chinese migrants and the number allowed to land from each ship arriving in New Zealand was restricted. Only one Chinese passenger was allowed for every 10 tons of cargo.

120 years ago
1891

Born on this date
John Howard Northrop. U.S. biochemist. Dr. Northrop shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with James Sumner and Wendell Stanley "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form." Dr. Northrop died on May 27, 1987 at the age of 95.

100 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Georges Pompidou. Prime Minister of France, 1962-1968; President of France, 1969-1974. Mr. Pompidou served as Prime Minister under President Charles de Gaulle. After Mr. de Gaulle resigned in 1969, Mr. Pompidou defeated acting President Alain Poher in the presidential election. Mr. Pompidou attempted to modernize Paris and embarked on a plan of national industrialization. He was still in office when he died suddenly of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, a rare form of blood cancer, on April 2, 1974 at the age of 62.

Giorgio Borġ Olivier. Prime Minister of Malta, 1950-1955, 1962-1971. Mr. Borg Olivier, a member of the Partito Nazionale (Nationalist Party), sat in the Council of Government from 1939-1977, and became leader of the party in December 1950. His first term as Prime Minister was characterized by success in gaining British recognition for him as the equal of the Prime Ministers of Northern Ireland and Southern Rhodesia, while his second term was marked by Malta gaining her independence in 1964. Mr. Borg Olivier was forced to resign as party leader in 1977 in the face of widepread desire for a younger leader, and died of lung cancer on October 29, 1980 at the age of 69.

70 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): María Elena--Jimmy Dorsey and His Orchestra with Bob Eberly (2nd week at #1)

Music
Without using a score, 11-year-old Loren Maazell conducted the NBC Summer Symphony Orchestra in a program of Mendelssohn and Wagner.

War
U.K. Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden said that he anticipated a peace offer from German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler, but that Britain was "not, in any circumstances, prepared to negotiate with him at any time on any subject." German troops reached the Dnieper River in Ukraine. U.S.S.R. forces claimed successful counterattacks in the Ostrov sector east of Estonia.

The Japanese government announced that 109,250 Japanese soldiers had been killed in the war with China, as against 2,015,000 Chinese killed.

Defense
The American Youth Congress passed a resolution pledging cooperation "with the people of Britain and the Soviet Union" in their fight against Adolf Hitler, thus reversing the AYC's isolationist stand of the previous year.

Politics and government
Dr. F.A. Hermens of the University of Notre Dame stated in a study of proportional representation voting in the United States and abroad that it had failed in practice, and actually retarded reform in municipal administration.

60 years ago
1951

Movies
Time, Inc. announced plans to discontinue The March of Time newsreels after 16 years. The last newsreel, Formosa — Island of Promise, was released in August.

Diplomacy
Hungary ordered two U.S. legation staff members in Budapest to leave the country within 24 hours because of alleged implication in the espionage case of Archbishop Josef Groesz.

Scandal
14 former New York college basketball players pled guilty to charges of conspiring with gamblers to fix the outcome of games.

Oil
The International Court of Justice granted the United Kingdom a temporaty injunction against Iran in the oil nationalization dispute, directing Iran to permit the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company to continue operations pending a final court decision over the firm's nationalization.

Economics and finance
United Nations Secretary-General Trygve Lie reported that aid pledged for Korean reconstruction totalled $228,844,948 to date in addition to the $85 million supplied by the U.S. through the military command.

Big Four representatives resumed meetings broken off two years earlier on a new trade agreement between East and West Berlin.

Cuban President Carlos Prio Socarras ruled that machinery may be used in making cigars for export but not for domestic consumption, following a series of demonstrations for cigar workers afraid of losing their jobs to automation.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Eagle Rock--Daddy Cool (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Mata Au Hi Made--Kiyohiko Ozaki (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Qué Será (Che Sará)--José Feliciano (8th week at #1)

Politics and government
The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 years, was formally certified by President Richard Nixon.



Football
CFL
Pre-season
Winnipeg (1-0) 19 @ Ottawa (0-1) 17
Edmonton (1-0) 17 @ British Columbia (0-1) 15

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Stars on 45--Stars on 45 (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes

Music
The day after performing in Washington, D.C., the Beach Boys headlined a free concert from the deck of the ocean liner Queen Mary in Long Beach, California. The opening acts included Three Dog Night and Rick Springfield.



Crime
As many as 30 police officers were injured by flying missiles during riots by white and Negro youths in Liverpool.



Football
CFL
Hamilton (1-0) 33 @ Winnipeg (0-1) 23

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Run to Me--Tracy Spencer

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): J'aimie le Vie--Sandra Kim

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): What Have You Done for Me Lately--Janet Jackson (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Papa Don't Preach--Madonna (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K.: The Edge of Heaven--Wham!

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)-—Billy Ocean

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)-—Billy Ocean
2 On My Own--Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald
3 No One is to Blame—Howard Jones
4 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red
5 Crush on You—The Jets
6 Invisible Touch--Genesis
7 Who's Johnny--El DeBarge
8 Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel
9 Live to Tell--Madonna
10 Nasty--Janet Jackson

Singles entering the chart were The Edge of Heaven by Wham! (#47); Yankee Rose by David Lee Roth (#74); Man Size Love by Klymaxx (#80); That was Then, This is Now by Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork (of the Monkees) (#86); No Promises by Icehouse (#88); Point of No Return by Nu Shooz (#89); and This is the Time by Dennis DeYoung (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)-—Billy Ocean
2 On My Own—Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald
3 Live to Tell--Madonna
4 I Can't Wait--Nu Shooz
5 Who's Johnny--El DeBarge
6 A Different Corner—George Michael
7 No One is to Blame—Howard Jones
8 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red
9 Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel
10 All I Need is a Miracle--Mike & the Mechanics

Singles entering the chart were Papa Don't Preach by Madonna (#53); Nasty by Janet Jackson (#70); Words Get in the Way by Miami Sound Machine (#89); Oh People by Patti LaBelle (#90); Gusto Blusto by Culture Club (#92); Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue by the Beach Boys (#95); Fire on the Water by Chris de Burgh (#96); and Hanging on a Heart Attack by Device (#98).

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (1-1) 0 @ Winnipeg (1-1) 56

The Blue Bombers led the Roughriders 38-0 at halftime at Winnipeg Stadium, and coasted to the most lopsided shutout in CFL history.

20 years ago
1991

Died on this date
Mildred Dunnock, 90. U.S. actress. Miss Dunnock was a character actress who appeared in plays, movies, and television programs in a career spanning more than 50 years. She was nominated for Academy Awards for her supporting performances in Death of a Salesman (1951) and Baby Doll (1956), reprising in the former the role that she had played on Broadway in 1949.

Scandal
Regulators in eight countries, including Canada, shut down the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. The BCCI was charged with fraud, drug money laundering, and illegal infiltration into the U.S. banking system.

Politics and government
Joe Clark, President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, accepted a parallel constitutional reform process run by First Nations, to provide input to the parliamentary unity committee.

Oil
Canadian Energy, Mines and Resources Minister Jake Epp concluded that closing the Sarnia-Montréal pipeline would not threaten the oil supply. The pipeline had been built during the energy crisis 15 years earlier.

Baseball
Denver and Miami were approved by major league owners as cities to receive franchises to begin play in 1993.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Ernie K-Doe, 68. U.S. musician. Mr. K-Doe, born Ernest Kador, was a rhythm and blues drummer, but was best known as a singer. He had seven singles that appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 or Rhythm and Blues chart from 1961-1967, but his first, Mother-in-Law, was his biggest, reaching #1 on both charts in the spring of 1961. Mr. K-Doe hosted radio shows in New Orleans in the 1980s; he died from kidney and liver failure after years of heavy drinking.

Baseball
Greg Maddux (10-5) picked up his 250th career major league win as the Atlanta Braves beat the Philadelphia Phillies 9-5 before 32,031 fans at Turner Field in Atlanta. Mr. Maddux allowed 7 hits and 2 runs--both earned--in 6 innings, leaving with a 7-2 lead. Atlanta right fielder Brian Jordan batted 3 for 4 with 2 home runs, 2 runs, and 4 runs batted in.

July 4, 2011

470 years ago
1541

Died on this date
Pedro de Alvarado, 55-56 (?). Spanish conquistador. Mr. Alvarado participated in the Spanish conquests of Cuba and Mexico, and was the conquistador of much of Central America. He was the governor of Guatemala in the 1820s and Honduras in the 1830s, and was known for his cruel treatment of native populations and mass murders of natives in the conquest of Mexico. Mr. Alvarado was fighting against Mixtón natives in Mexico when he was killed by a horse that was spooked and crushed him.

180 years ago
1831

Died on this date
James Monroe, 73. 5th President of the United States, 1817-1825. Mr. Monroe, a Democratic-Republican, held various political and diplomatic offices in a career spanning more than 40 years, including Secretary of State (1811-1817) while also serving as Secretary of War (1814-1815) during the War of 1812. His time as President was known as the "Era of Good Feelings." Mr. Monroe was best known for his proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, warning European nations against further intervention in the Americas. Mr. Monroe died of heart failure and tuberculosis.

Music
Samuel Francis Smith's patriotic song America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee) was first performed in public, at a children's Independence Day celebration at Park Street Church in Boston.

175 years ago
1836

Journalism
Canadian responsible government advocate William Lyon Mackenzie started the newspaper The Constitution to mark the 60th anniversary of the American Declaration of Independence.

140 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Hubert Cecil Booth. U.K. engineer. Mr. Booth invented one of the first powered vacuum cleaners in 1901, and also designed Ferris wheels, suspension bridges, and factories. He died on January 14, 1955 at the age of 83.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Ulysses S. Grant III. U.S. military officer. Major General Grant, a grandson of General of the Army and U.S. President U.S. Grant, served in both world wars, and was in charge of U.S. civil defense during World War II. He was an engineer, and served on the National Capital Park and Planning Commission during peacetime, and also supervised the Park Police. Maj. Gen. Grant died on August 29, 1968 at the age of 87.

Academia
Tuskegee Institute opened in Alabama.

125 years ago
1886

Died on this date
Poundmaker, 44 (?). Canadian Indian chief. Poundmaker, whose name in Cree was Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, was chief of the Cree band that held Fort Battleford under siege and defeated the troops of Col. William Otter at Cut Knife Hill in southern Saskatchewan during the North-West Rebellion in 1885. After spending a year in jail at Stony Mountain Penitentiary in Manitoba, Poundmaker died of a lung hemorrhage at the home of his foster father, Chief Crowfoot, at Blackfoot Crossing, Northwest Territories.

Diplomacy
The people of France offered the Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.

Transportation
A crowd of 1,500 British Columbians cheered as the Pacific Express, the Canadian Pacific Railway's first scheduled transcontinental passenger train from Montréal, rolled into Port Moody, the western terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, at noon, after a 5 day, 19 hour journey of 2,900 miles, with 170 passengers in two immigrant sleeping coaches; two first-class coaches; and two first-class sleeping coaches (named Yokohama and Honolulu). Also attached were one dining car (Holyrood); two baggage cars; and a mail car with 16 bags of English and Canadian mail. The arrival came 16 years after George-Étienne Cartier's Order-in-Council authorized building of the road as part of the terms of union with British Columbia.

120 years ago
1891

Died on this date
Hannibal Hamlin, 81. 15th Vice President of the United States, 1861-1865. Mr. Hamlin, a Democrat until switching to the Republican Party in 1856, represented Maine's 6th District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1843-1847, and in the United States Senate from 1848-1857, 1857-1861, and 1869-1881. He was Governor of Maine from January 8-February 25, 1857, but had a change of heart and returned to the Senate. Mr. Hamlin was Vice President with President Abraham Lincoln during Mr. Lincoln's first term as President, and served in the militia during the U.S. Civil War. Mr. Lincoln chose Andrew Johnson as his running mate for the 1864 election, and Mr. Hamlin left federal politics before serving two more terms in the Senate. He was U.S. Ambassador to Spain from 1881-1882.

110 years ago
1901

Politics and government
William Howard Taft took office as Governor of the Philippines.

Transportation
The bridge in Hartland, New Brunswick, spanning the Saint John River, officially opened. Originally built as a private toll crossing, it was rebuilt and covered in 1920-1921, becoming “The World’s Longest Covered Bridge.”

100 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Mitch Miller. U.S. musician. Mr. Miller was a classical and jazz oboist, but was best known as a conductor, producer, and executive with Columbia Records in the 1950s and '60s. He achieved several hit singles as a bandleader, most notably The Yellow Rose of Texas, which reached #1 on several U.S. charts in 1955. Mr. Miller hosted the television program Sing Along with Mitch (1961-1964), and released several albums in connection with the show. He died after a short illness on July 31, 2010, 27 days after his 99th birthday.

Weather
A heat wave struck the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in 11 days and breaking temperature records in several cities.

75 years ago
1936

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Louis Hector and Harry West, on MBS
Tonight’s episode: The Typewritten Will

70 years ago
1941

At the movies
Caught in the Draft, starring Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, opened in theatres.



War
Both Germany and the U.S.S.R. reported that Soviet forces were withdrawing slowly to the Stalin Line in the central Russian sector. The United Kingdom announced that General Pietro Gazzera, supreme Italian commander in Ethiopia, had surrendered with all his forces in the province of Galla Sidamo.

Abominations
German troops massacred 25 Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lwów. The Great Choral Synagogue in German-occupied Riga was burned, with 20 Jews locked in the basement and as many as 300 killed in the synagogue before it was set on fire.

World events
An attempted revolt by the garrison of Pilar, led by Captain Heriberto dos Santos, was crushed by Paraguayan authorities.

Protest
The Turkish government reported that rioting had broken out among troops and civilians in Beirut as British forces continued bombing the city.

Diplomacy
Bolivian Foreign Minister Alberto Ostria Gutierrez said that his country supported the Uruguayan proposal that any American nation engaged in a foreign war be regarded as a non-belligerent.

Energy
U.S. Office of Production Management Director General William Knudsen reported that the Tennessee Valley Authority had approved the development of the Fontana, North Carolina hydroelectric project on the Little Tennessee River under an agreement with Alcoa.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Pete Kelly's Blues, starring Jack Webb, on NBC

Tonight's episode was the first for the series that ran 13 weeks as a summer replacement for The Halls of Ivy.

World events
The Czechoslovakian State Supreme Court sentenced Associated Press Prague correspondent William N. Oatis to 10 years in prison on charges of espionage. The U.S. State Department said he was the victim of a "kangaroo court," and AP denounced his trial as "a mockery of elemental justice."

Defense
U.S. Defense Mobilization Director Charles Wilson, submitting his second quarterly report to President Harry Truman, warned of the possibility of "new aggressions...along the broad perimeter of the Soviet Empire."

Politics and government
Bangkok sources reported that Thai Prime Minister Luang Pibul Songgram had become a figurehead for a four-man military junta as a result of losing face during the recent naval and marine revolt.

A new cabinet was sworn in in Japan, with Democratic Liberal Party leader Shigenu Yoshida remaining as Prime Minister.

Technology
Physicist William Shockley announced the invention of the junction transistor, for which he, John Bardeen, and Walter Houser Brattain later won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Journalism
A Madison Capital Times reporter approached 112 residents of Madison, Wisconsin with a "petition" containing the preamble to the Declaration of Independence and seven amendments to the U.S. Constitution. 111 of the 112 refused to sign the "petition."

Economics and finance
East and West Germany annnounced an agreement on a new 1951 trade pact providing for the exchange of $119 million worth of goods on each side.

Tennis
Pancho Segura defeated Pancho Gonzales in the final of the U.S. professional championship at Forest Hills, New York, winning the title for the second straight year.

Track and field
Rev. Bob Richards won the Amateur Athletic Union decathlon title in Santa Barbara, California, with 7,834 points.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Greenfields--The Brothers Four (5th week at #1)

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, hosted by John Newland, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Eyewitness, starring John Meillon, Rose Alba, and Anton Rodgers

This was the 97th and last episode of the series.



Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Ambition , starring Leslie Nielsen and Harold J. Stone

This was the last episode of the season.

At the movies
Most Dangerous Man Alive, directed by Allan Dwan, and starring Ron Randell, Debra Paget, and Elaine Stewart, opened in theatres.

Died on this date
Jake Hehl, 61. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Hehl played in 1 game with the Brooklyn Robins on June 20, 1918, hitting a batter but pitching a scoreless 9th inning, and making 1 assist. He was 95-108 in 256 games, hitting 4 home runs in 265 games in 9 seasons in the minor leagues (1918-1926).

Disasters
On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffered a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew were able to effect repairs, but 22 of them died of radiation poisoning over the following two years.

Baseball
The Cleveland Indians sold pitcher Johnny Antonelli to the Milwaukee Braves. He was 0-4 with a 6.56 earned run average in 11 games, batting .267 with no home runs or runs batted in in 12 games with Cleveland in 1961.

The New York Yankees scored all their runs in the bottom of the 5th inning as they beat the Detroit Tigers 6-2 in the first game of a doubleheader before 74,246 fans at Yankee Stadium. Frank Lary scored Steve Boros with a bunt single in the top of the 10th inning to break a 3-3 tie as the Tigers won the second game 4-3. Mr. Lary (12-4), famous as a "Yankee killer," pitched 9+ innings to get the win. Roger Maris hit his 31st home run of the season for New York in the 8th inning of the second game.

Gene Woodling hit a 3-run home run in the 1st inning and Gene Green and Willie Tasby homered later in the game for the Washington Senators as they beat the Boston Red Sox 7-3 before 14,355 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington.

Gus Triandos drove in 4 runs with a pair of home runs and Earl Robinson added a solo homer for the Baltimore Orioles as they beat the Cleveland Indians 5-1 before 38,206 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Steve Barber (9-6) pitched a 5-hit complete game victory.

Pinch hitter Julio Becquer's grand slam in the bottom of the 9th inning gave the Minnesota Twins a 6-4 win over the Chicago White Sox in the first game of a doubleheader before 23,592 fans at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington. The Twins completed the sweep when they scored 4 runs in the 8th to win 4-2, aided by Harmon Killebrew's only major league inside-the-park home run, off losing pitcher Cal McLish (4-8), as Jack Kralick (8-5) pitched a 10-hit complete game victory.

George Thomas, Ted Kluszewski, Lee Thomas, and Ken Hunt hit home runs for the Los Angeles Angels as they beat the Kansas City Athletics 12-5 in the first game of a doubleheader before 12,871 fans at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. Rocky Bridges hit a 3-run homer as part of a 6-run 7th inning for the Angels as they won the second game 7-5 to complete the sweep.

The San Francisco Giants split a doubleheader with the Chicago Cubs before 25,505 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago, winning 19-3 and losing 3-2. Orlando Cepeda batted 5 for 5 with a home run, 2 doubles, 2 runs, and 8 runs batted in for the Giants in the first game, while Willie Mays of the Giants hit his 300th career major league home run and 21st of the season in the second game. The doubleheader featured the first use of five umpires in a major league game; crew chief Al Barlick worked in center field in the first game, believing it enabled him to make calls along the wall in both directions.

Joey Jay (11-4) pitched a 3-hitter and Gene Freese led off the bottom of the 5th inning with a home run to provide the necessary scoring as the Cincinnati Reds shut out the Pittsburgh Pirates 2-0 before 11,802 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati.

Stan Musial drove in 4 runs with a home run and a triple to help the St. Louis Cardinals defeat the Philadelphia Phillies 10-7 in the first game of a doubleheader before 14,653 fans at Busch Stadium in St. Louis. The Cardinals took a 5-0 lead in the 1st inning of the second game and led 6-0 after 4 innings, but the Phillies scored 3 in the 5th, 6 in the 7th, and 1 in the 9th to win 10-6.

The Los Angeles Dodgers scored all their runs in the top of the 1st inning and held on to defeat the Milwaukee Braves 6-5 before 14,084 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee.

40 years ago
1971

Died on this date
Thomas C. Hart, 94. U.S. military officer and politician. Admiral Hart served with the United States Navy from 1897-1945, holding several commands in World War II. A Republican, he represented Connecticut in the U.S. Senate (1945-1946).

August Derleth, 62. U.S. writer. Mr. Derleth wrote more than 100 books and 150 short stories, as well as poems and essays. He was best known for the novels, non-fiction, and poetry that comprised the Sac Prairie Saga, inspired by his home town of Sauk City, Wisconsin. Mr. Derleth also created the fictional detective Solar Pons, a pastiche of Sherlock Holmes, who was the subject of 70 short stories and a novel. Mr. Derleth died of a heart attack.

Georgia Carr, 46. U.S. singer. Miss Carr, born Mary Louise Thomas, began singing at the Club Royal in San Francisco. She began recording with Capitol Records in 1952, and released several singles and albums on Capitol and other labels through the mid-1960s. Miss Carr worked as a disc jockey, founded a company to make commercials using Negro actors, and operated a catering company with her sister. She died from a stroke, two weeks after her 46th birthday.

Technology
Project Gutenberg, which offers free downloads of books in electronic form to computer users, began when Michael Hart, using a computer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, typed the text of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and transmitted it to other users of ARPANET, forerunner of the Internet.

Golf
Lee Trevino defeated Art Wall, Jr. on the first hole of a playoff to win the Canadian Open at La Vallée du Richelieu Golf Club in Sainte-Julie, Quebec. The two had finished tied after four rounds with 13-under-par total scores of 275. First prize money was $30,000.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Enola Gay--OMD

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango)--Grace Jones (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: One Day in Your Life--Michael Jackson

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): One Day In Your Life--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): One Day In Your Life--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 How 'bout Us--Champaign (6th week at #1)
2 I've Seen That Face Before--Grace Jones
3 Ma Quale Idea--Pino D'Angiò
4 Klap Maar In Je Handen (Live)--Peter Koelewijn en Zijn Rockets
5 Only Crying--Keith Marshall
6 Chequered Love--Kim Wilde
7 Attention to Me--The Nolans
8 Don't Stop--K.i.D.
9 Stand & Deliver--Adam and the Ants
10 Hopeloos--Will Tura

Singles entering the chart were Going Back to My Roots by Odyssey (#22); Rio by Maywood (#29); Body Talk by Imagination (#32); Wij Zijn de Wuppies by Vader Abraham en de Wuppies (#33); Nobody Wins by Elton John (#34); and The Magnificent Seven (Special Remix) by the Clash (#35).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (7th week at #1)
2 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison
3 The One that You Love--Air Supply
4 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
5 You Make My Dreams--Daryl Hall & John Oates
6 Elvira--The Oak Ridge Boys
7 Medley--Stars on 45
8 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
9 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
10 I Don't Need You--Kenny Rogers

Singles entering the chart were Urgent by Foreigner (#51); Cool Love by Pablo Cruise (#75); Really Wanna Know You by Gary Wright (#80); Nightwalker by Gino Vannelli (#83); You're My Girl by Franke & the Knockouts (#84); American Memories by Shamus M'Cool (#90); and Ready for Love by Silverado (#95).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (5th week at #1)
2 Medley--Stars on 45
3 All Those Years Ago—George Harrison
4 The One That You Love—Air Supply
5 Elvira--The Oak Ridge Boys
6 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
7 This Little Girl—Gary U.S. Bonds
8 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
9 You Make My Dreams--Daryl Hall & John Oates
10 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. and Raydio

Singles entering the chart were Urgent by Foreigner (#63); Endless Love by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie (#71); Cool Love by Pablo Cruise (#76); You're My Girl by Franke & the Knockouts (#83); Really Wanna Know You by Gary Wright (#86); American Memories by Shamus M'Cool (#95); and Pull Up to the Bumper by Grace Jones (#98). Endless Love was the title song of the movie.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (5th week at #1)
2 The One that You Love--Air Supply
3 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison
4 Elvira--The Oak Ridge Boys
5 Medley--Stars on 45
6 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
7 You Make My Dreams--Daryl Hall & John Oates
8 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
9 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
10 I Love You--Climax Blues Band

Singles entering the chart were Urgent by Foreigner (#58); Endless Love by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie (#67); Cool Love by Pablo Cruise (#83); Walk Right Now by the Jacksons (#88); You're My Girl by Franke & the Knockouts (#89); Really Wanna Know You by Gary Wright (#90); and Very Special by Debra Laws (#97).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Medley--Stars on 45 (5th week at #1)
2 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
3 All Those Years Ago—George Harrison
4 Sukiyaki—A Taste of Honey
5 Being with You--Smokey Robinson
6 The Waiting--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
7 Watching the Wheels--John Lennon
8 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
9 The One that You Love--Air Supply
10 This Little Girl--Gary U.S. Bonds

Singles entering the chart were In the Air Tonight by Phil Collins (#44); I Don't Need You by Kenny Rogers (#45); Queen of Hearts by Juice Newton (#47); The Break Up Song (They Don't Write 'Em) by the Greg Kihn Band (#48); For You by Zon (#49); and Time by Alan Parsons Project (#50).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison (2nd week at #1)
2 The Waiting--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
3 You Make My Dreams--Daryl Hall & John Oates
4 Beatles Medley--Stars on 45
5 Sukiyaki—A Taste of Honey
6 Gemini Dream--The Moody Blues
7 Winning--Santana
8 America--Neil Diamond
9 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
10 Arc of a Diver--Steve Winwood

The only single entering the chart was One Step Ahead by Split Enz (#29).

Music
The Beach Boys headlined a free concert at Washington Mall in Washington, D.C., with the Ventures and the Grass Roots as opening acts.



Football
CFL
Montreal (0-1) 8 @ British Columbia (1-0) 48



25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Atlantis is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)--Modern Talking (4th week at #1)

Football
CFL
Toronto (2-0) 20 @ Montreal (0-2) 12



20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams

Died on this date
Art Sansom, 70. U.S. cartoonist. Mr. Sansom was best known for creating the comic strip The Born Loser, which began running in newspapers in 1965.

Diplomacy
South Korean President Roh Tae-Woo and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney held talks in Ottawa on how to improve trade and political ties.

Politics and government
Elections Canada reported that the governing Progressive Conservative Party had raised 20% less in 1990 than 1989, while the Liberal Party, New Democratic Party, and Reform Party raised more money in 1990 than in 1989.

The government of Québec put in a two-year freeze on immigration, with a maximum of 45,000 in 1991 and 1992, because of public fears that immigrants threatened jobs in a poor economy.

Scandal
Patricia Starr, former political fundraiser for the Ontario Liberal Party, received a $3,500 fine for breaking Ontario's election finance laws; she had been convicted of fraud on June 28.

Communications
Canadian Privacy Commissioner Bruce Phillips urgently recommended legislation against the interception of cellular telephone conversations.

Economics and finance
The Saskatchewan government of Premier Grant Devine brought in the Gross Revenue Insurance Plan; it combined crop and revenue insurance, and was funde throughout the year in three payments instead of at year end.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Saskatchewan (0-2) 35 @ British Columbia (1-1) 38

10 years ago
2001

Disasters
Vladivostok Air Flight 352, a Tupolev Tu-154M en route from Ekaterinburg to Vladivostok via Irkutsk, crashed on approach to Irkutsk Airport, killing all 145 people aboard.

Football
CFL
Montreal (1-0) 27 @ Toronto (0-1) 3



Winnipeg (1-0) 48 @ Calgary (0-1) 20

July 3, 2011

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Nastya!

1,690 years ago
321

Born on this date
Valentinian I. Emperor of the Roman Empire, 364-375. Flavius Valentinianus and his brother Flavius Valens were sons of the prominent military commander Gratianus Funarius. Valentinian fell into disfavour and exile in the late 350s, but became a tribune in the early 360s, and was chosen to succeed Jovian as Emperor of the Western Empire; he appointed Valens as co-Emperor in the Eastern Empire. Valentinian I achieved military victories over Alamanni, Quadi, and Sarmatian forces, and his general Count Theodosius defeated a revolt in Africa and the Great Conspiracy, a coordinated assault on Roman Britain by Picts, Scots, and Saxons. Emperor Valentinian suffered a fatal stroke on November 17, 375 at the age of 54 while yelling at Quadi envoys, and was succeeded as Emperor by his sons Gratian and Valentinian II.

125 years ago
1886

Baseball
Future football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg pitched Yale to victory over Harvard in the deciding game of the U.S. college championship.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Ruth Crawford Seeger. U.S. composer. Mrs. Seeger was a modernist classical composer in the 1920s and '30s. After her marriage to musicologist Charles Seeger in 1935, she became prominent in arranging and preserving American folk music. Mrs. Seeger was the stepmother of folk musician Pete Seeger and the mother of musicians Mike and Peggy Seeger. Mrs. Seeger died on November 18, 1953 at the age of 52.

Calgariana
Billy Cochrane drove the first automobile in Calgary--a steam-powered Locomobile, steered by a tiller rather than a wheel.

Baseball
Cy Young (14-3) pitched an 8-hitter for his 300th career major league win as the Boston Americans beat the Baltimore Orioles 9-1 before 2,369 fans at Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds in Boston.

The Detroit Tigers scored 2 runs in the top of the 16th inning to break a 5-5 tie as they beat the Milwaukee Brewers 7-5 before 750 fans at Lloyd Street Grounds in Milwaukee. Roscoe Miller (7-6) pitched a 13-hit complete game victory, allowing just 1 earned run, while losing pitcher Ned Garvin (2-9) allowed 14 hits and 4 earned runs in a complete game.

80 years ago
1931

Boxing
World heavyweight champion Max Schmeling (44-4-3) retained his title with a technical knockout of Young Stribling (207-11-14) at 2:46 of the 15th round before 37,000 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. It was the first event held at the stadium, two days after its official opening.



70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Friedrich Akel, 69. Elder of State of Estonia, 1924. Dr. Akel, an ophthalmologist, served as Estonia's foreign minister three times, and was Elder (Head) of State from March-December 1924. He was imprisoned by the U.S.S.R. secret police force NKVD in October 1940, and was shot to death in Tallinn.

War
British and Free French forces captured Tadmur in central Syria after a 13-day siege. U.S.S.R. dictator Josef Stalin, in a nationwide radio broadcast, urged total "scorched earth" resistance to the German invasion, including the formation of guerrilla units behind enemy lines.

Diplomacy
The Chinese government notified Germany and Italy that it had broken diplomatic relations with them as of July 2 because of their recognition of the regime in Nanking led by Wang Ching-wei.

Following the policy of the United States, the Costa Rican government declared its non-belligerency rather than neutrality in the European war.

Defense
U.S. Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall submitted a semi-annual report recommending that Congress remove restrictions on sending troops overseas and empower the Army to retain draftees, National Guardsmen, and reserve officers indefinitely. The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies shortened its name to the Committee to Defend America. The Swedish government sued Vultee Aircraft Corporation in New York for failure to deliver 144 Vultee pursuit planes ordered in 1940.

Education
The U.S. National Education Association adopted a resolution opposing the employment of any teacher who advocated changing the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means.

Scandal
A U.S. federal grand jury indicted Wilson & Company, Armour & Company, Swift & Company, two trade associations and seven individuals for conspiring to fix the prices of slaughtered hogs.

Disasters
An earthquake struck the Andean provinces of Mendoza and San Juan in Argentina, killing at least three people.

60 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Blood on the Trumpet, starring John Forsythe, Virginia Gibson, and Cloris Leachman

Died on this date
Hugh Casey, 37. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Casey was a relief pitcher with the Chicago Cubs (1935); Brooklyn Dodgers (1939-1942, 1946-1948); Pittsburgh Pirates (1949); and New York Yankees (1949), compiling a record of 75-42 with an earned run average of 3.45 and 55 saves in 343 regular season games and 2-2 with a 1.72 ERA and 1 save in 9 World Series games. He led the National League in saves in 1942 (13) and 1947 (18). Mr. Casey was a heavy drinker, and was the subject of a paternity suit, whose claims he vehemently denied. He shot himself in the neck while talking with his estranged wife on the telephone from a hotel room in Atlanta. Mr. Casey was a friend of author Ernest Hemingway, and they used to put on boxing gloves for sparring sessions against each other. Mr. Hemingway shot himself on July 2, 1961, the day before the 10th anniversary of Mr. Casey's suicide.

War
U.S. General Matthew Ridgway, supreme commander of United Nations forces in Korea, accepted terms for the beginning of peace talks aimed at achieving a cease-fire in the Korean war.

Defense
U.S. President Harry Truman submitted a request for a $4.5-billion supplemental appropriation for military construction in fiscal 1952.

Golf
Sam Snead defeated Walter Burkemo 7 and 6 in the final round of match play to win the PGA Championship at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont, Pennsylvania. First prize money was $3,500.

Baseball
Bill DiBenedetto of the Hornell Dodgers of the Class D Pennsylvania-Ontario-New York League set a professional record by walking 21 batters in a 5-1 loss to the Corning Athletics.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): La Novia--Antonio Prieto

#1 single in France (IFOP): Nous les amoureux--Jean-Claude Pascal

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Quarter to Three--U.S. Bonds (2nd week at #1)
2 Tossin' and Turnin'--Bobby Lewis
3 The Boll Weevil Song--Brook Benton
4 Raindrops--Dee Clark
5 The Writing on the Wall--Adam Wade
6 Moody River--Pat Boone
7 Travelin' Man--Ricky Nelson
8 Every Beat of My Heart--The Pips
9 Those Oldies But Goodies (Remind Me of You)--Little Caesar and the Romans
10 Yellow Bird--Arthur Lyman Group

Singles entering the chart were The Fish by Bobby Rydell (#60); Last Night by the Mar-Keys (#68); Eventually by Brenda Lee (#72); Pretty Little Angel Eyes by Curtis Lee (#74); I'll Be There by Damita Jo (#81); Time Was by the Flamingos (#83); A Tear by Gene McDaniels (#84); Don't Bet Money Honey by Linda Scott (#85); I Dreamed of a Hill-Billy Heaven by Tex Ritter (#86); Tender Years by George Jones (#90); Granada by Frank Sinatra (#91); My True Story by the Jive Five with Joe Rene and Orchestra (#92); Princess by Frank Gari (#95); La Dolce Vita (The Sweet Life) by Ray Ellis and his Orchestra (#96); Broken Hearted by the Miracles (#97); One Summer Night by the Diamonds (#98); Peanuts by Rick and the Keens (#99); and The Guns of Navarone by Joe Reisman's Orchestra & Chorus (#100). La Dolce Vita (The Sweet Life) was a version of the title theme of the movie. The Guns of Navarone was a version of the title theme of the movie.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Put Your Hand in the Hand--Alan Garrity (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Pensieri e parole--Lucio Battisti (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): O'Brien Has No Place to Go--Brendan Shine (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep--Middle of the Road (3rd week at #1)

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 Too Young to Be Married--The Hollies (3rd week at #1)
2 Hot Love--T. Rex
3 Eagle Rock--Daddy Cool
4 It Don't Come Easy--Ringo Starr
5 Put Your Hand in the Hand--Allison Durbin
--Ocean
6 Joy to the World--Three Dog Night
7 Mozart: Symphony No. 40 In G Minor K.550 1° Movement (Allegro Molto)--Waldo de Los Rios
8 I Am...I Said--Neil Diamond
9 (Where Do I Begin) Love Story--Andy Williams
10 Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep--Middle of the Road
--Lally Stott

Singles entering the chart were Love Her Madly by the Doors (#37); Henry Ford by the Mixtures (#42); L.A. International Airport by Susan Raye (#51); and How Great Thou Art by Matt Flinders (#60).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Double Barrel--Dave & Ansil Collins (3rd week at #1)
2 Che Sará--José Feliciano
3 Zou Het Erg Zijn Lieve Opa--Wilma met Vader Abraham
4 My Darling Helena!--The Walkers
5 Put Your Hand in the Hand--Ocean
6 Co Co--The Sweet
7 Tweedle Dee Tweedle Dum--Middle of the Road
8 Rosetta--Georgie Fame & Alan Price
9 Me and You and a Dog Named Boo--Lobo
10 Soldiers Prayer--Oscar Harris and the Twinkle Stars

Singles entering the chart were How Can You Mend a Broken Heart by the Bee Gees (#25); Virgin by Brainbox (#30); Railroadsong by April Shower (#32); Zigeuner Tango by Kermis Klanten (#36); Let's Go to the Beach by Dizzy Man's Band (#37); and Ik Laat Je Niet Gaan by Anja (#39).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move--Carole King (3rd week at #1)
2 Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)--Raiders
3 Treat Her Like a Lady—Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose
4 Rainy Days and Mondays—Carpenters
5 Don't Pull Your Love--Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds
6 Want Ads--The Honey Cone
7 Brown Sugar--The Rolling Stones
8 You've Got a Friend--James Taylor
9 When You're Hot, You're Hot--Jerry Reed
10 It Don't Come Easy--Ringo Starr

Singles entering the chart were Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) by Marvin Gaye (#70); Mighty Clouds of Joy by B.J. Thomas (#73); Riders on the Storm by the Doors (#74); In These Changing Times by the Four Tops (#79); Whatcha See is Whatcha Get by the Dramatics (#80); Hot Pants (She Got to Use What She Got to Get What She Wants) by James Brown (#88); K-Jee by the Nite-Liters (#93); Hill Where the Lord Hides by Chuck Mangione (#94); Love is Life by Earth, Wind & Fire (#96); Near You by Boz Scaggs (#97); and One-Way Ticket by Tyrone Davis (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 It’s Too Late—Carole King (2nd week at #1)
2 Treat Her Like a Lady—Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose
3 Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)--Raiders
4 Rainy Days and Mondays—Carpenters
5 Want Ads--The Honey Cone
6 Don't Pull Your Love--Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds
7 Don’t Knock My Love - Pt. I--Wilson Pickett
8 Mr. Big Stuff--Jean Knight
9 When You're Hot, You're Hot--Jerry Reed
10 She's Not Just Another Woman--8th Day

Singles entering the chart were Hot Pants Pt. 1 (She Got to Use What She Got to Get What She Wants) by James Brown (#69); Riders on the Storm by the Doors (#74); Liar by Three Dog Night (#76); You're the One for Me by Joe Simon (#82); He's So Fine by Jody Miller (#84); Love Me by the Rascals (#92); You're a Lady by Gene Chandler (#93); The Sound of Silence by Peaches & Herb (#94); When You Get Right Down to It by Ronnie Dyson (#95); Mother Nature's Wine by Sugarloaf (#97); So Long, Marianne by Brian Hyland (#98); Ain't No Sunshine by Bill Withers (#99); and I Been Moved by Andy Kim (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 It’s Too Late—Carole King
2 Rainy Days and Mondays—Carpenters
3 Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)--Raiders
4 It Don’t Come Easy--Ringo Starr
5 Treat Her Like a Lady—Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose
6 Don't Pull Your Love--Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds
7 I’ll Meet You Halfway—The Partridge Family
8 Don't Knock My Love--Wilson Pickett
9 When You're Hot, You're Hot--Jerry Reed
10 You've Got a Friend--James Taylor

Singles entering the chart were Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) by Marvin Gaye (#64); Riders on the Storm by the Doors (#68); You're the One for Me by Joe Simon (#80); He's So Fine by Jody Miller (#81); Crazy About the La La La by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (#87); Mighty Clouds of Joy by B.J. Thomas (#91); Smiling Faces Sometimes by the Undisputed Truth (#93); Love is Life by Earth, Wind & Fire (#95); The Last Time I Saw Her by Glen Campbell (#96); The Language of Love by the Intrigues (#98); Take My Hand by Kenny Rogers and the First Edition (#99); and I Need Someone (To Love Me) by Z.Z. Hill (#100).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 It Don’t Come Easy--Ringo Starr (3rd week at #1)
2 It’s Too Late—Carole King
3 Rainy Days and Mondays—Carpenters
4 Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)--Raiders
5 Signs--Five Man Electrical Band
6 When You're Hot, You're Hot--Jerry Reed
7 Sweet and Innocent--Donny Osmond
8 I Don't Know How to Love Him--Helen Reddy
9 Double Lovin'--The Osmonds
10 Brown Sugar--The Rolling Stones

Singles entering the chart were She's Not Just Another Woman by 8th Day (#55); Watching the River Flow by Bob Dylan (#66); Beginnings by Chicago (#70); I Been Moved by Andy Kim (#76); How Can You Mend a Broken Heart by the Bee Gees (#77); Caught in a Dream by Alice Cooper (#79); He's So Fine by Jody Miller (#81); I Hear Those Church Bells Ringing by Dusk (#82); Follow Me by Mary Travers (#90); Sunshower in the Spring by Terry McManus (#95); Resurrection Shuffle by Ashton, Gardner & Dyke (#96); Mother Nature's Wine by Sugarloaf (#97); I'll Give You the Earth by Keith Michell (#98); Bring the Boys Home by Freda Payne (#99); and Rings by Cymarron (#100).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 It's Too Late--Carole King
2 I'll Meet You Halfway--The Partridge Family
3 It Don't Come Easy--Ringo Starr
4 Rainy Days and Mondays--Carpenters
5 Never Ending Song of Love--Delaney & Bonnie & Friends
6 Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)--Raiders
7 Deep Enough for Me--Ocean
8 Sweet City Woman--Stampeders
9 Brown Sugar--The Rolling Stones
10 I Love You Lady Dawn--The Bells
Pick hit of the week: Wishbone--Jackie Mittoo

Died on this date
Jim Morrison, 27. U.S. singer and songwriter. Mr. Morrison was the lead singer with the rock group the Doors. He and keyboard player Ray Manzarek co-founded the group in Venice, California in 1965, and experienced commercial success with hit singles such as Light My Fire (1967) and Hello, I Love You (1968). Mr. Morrison was a voracious reader, but was also a heavy drinker, and both habits influenced his career. He was livin gin Paris when he was found dead in his apartment bathtub in Parisof an apparent overdose of heroin,
although heart failure was listed as the official cause of death.

Politics and government
Golkar, led by Suprapto Sukowati, won 236 of 360 seats in the People's Representative Council in the Indonesian legislative election, the country's first in 16 years.

Auto racing
USAC
Mark Donohue won the initial Schaefer 500 at Pocono International Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania, barely finishing ahead of Joe Leonard, with A.J. Foyt finishing third in the 33-car field.



30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Hubba Hubba Zoot-Zoot--Caramba (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Pour le plaisir--Herbert Léonard (6th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 More and More--Joe Dolan (2nd week at #1)
2 In the Air Tonight--Phil Collins
3 Angel of the Morning--Juice Newton
4 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
5 Turn Me Loose--Loverboy
6 This Ole House--Shakin' Stevens
7 Antmusic--Adam & the Ants
8 Santa Maria--Alan Garrity
9 Do You Feel My Love--Eddy Grant
10 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon

Singles entering the chart were Stand and Deliver by Adam & the Ants (#18); and Lately by Rudy Grant (#19).

Died on this date
Ross Martin, 61. U.S. actor. Mr. Martin, born Martin Rosenblatt, appeared in numerous plays, movies, and radio and television programs in a career spanning more than 30 years. He was best known for playing Artemus Gordon in the Western television series The Wild Wild West (1965-1969). Mr. Martin died of a heart attack after playing tennis.

Disasters
The Arctic Explorer, a ship under charter to the Canadian government for surveys off the East Coast, sank off Newfoundland's northern tip, and 13 people drowned.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (1-0) 47 @ Ottawa (0-1) 21

The Eskimos' win over the Rough Riders was their first in a regular season game at Lansdowne Park in 20 years. It was the first edition of Friday Night Football on CTV.

25 years ago
1986

Died on this date
Rudy Vallée, 84. U.S. singer and actor. Mr. Vallée was a clarinetist and saxophonist before achieving success as a crooner from the late 1920s through the late 1930s, often singing through a megaphone, which became his trademark. He had a hit single in 1931 with an early version of As Time Goes By, and it became a hit again upon its re-release in 1943. Mr. Vallée's movies included The Vagabond Lover (1929) and The Palm Beach Story (1942). He made a brief comeback as a singer in the late 1960s, and died 25 days before his 85th birthday.

Americana
President Ronald Reagan presided over a ceremony in New York Harbor that saw the relighting of the renovated Statue of Liberty.



Football
CFL
Ottawa (2-0) 18 @ Hamilton (0-2) 2
British Columbia (1-1) 13 @ Edmonton (2-0) 36

The Eskimos took a 33-3 halftime lead and coasted to victory over the defending Grey Cup champion Lions at Commonwealth Stadium. B.C. wide receiver Merv Fernandez, playing his second game as punter in relief of injured Lui Passaglia, broke his hand in the 2nd quarter in attempting to tackle Tom Richards at the end of a 56-yard return, and missed the remainder of the game and the next 7 games. It was the last game for Bobby Ackles as the Lions' general manager before he joined the front office of the National Football League's Dallas Cowboys; he was kind enough to autograph an old team picture for me after the game.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Senza una donna--Zucchero featuring Paul Young (3rd week at #1)

Business
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney began the process leading to the privatization of Petro-Canada.

The Ontario Court of Appeal rejected Air Canada's bid to stop the $8-million sale of Air Toronto to Pacific Western Airlines Corporation; the two airlines had been struggling for ownership for 14 months.

Crime
An Ontario judge sentenced a youth to 16 months' detention for setting a $30-million tire fire in Hagersville, Ontario in February 1990; three others were also found guilty and got shorter sentences.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Ottawa (1-1) 32 @ Winnipeg (2-0) 45

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Mordecai Richler, 70. Canadian writer. Mr. Richler, a native of Montreal, grew up in the city's Mile End area. He moved to London at the age of 19 and spent 20 years there, eventually returning to Montreal. Mr. Richler was known for novels about the area in which he grew up, including The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (1959) and St. Urbain's Horseman (1971); the former was made into a movie in 1974, and Mr. Richler received an Academy Award nomination for his screenplay. He was also known for his journalism in Canadian and international publications, where he was frequently critical of Quebec nationalism and Canadian government-subsidized literature. Mr. Richler died of cancer in Montreal.

Johnny Russell, 61. U.S. musician. Mr. Russell was a country singer-songwriter and guitarist who had numerous singles, often comedic, on the country singles charts in the 1970s and '80s. His biggest hit was Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer (1973), which reached #4 on the Billboard and #1 on the RPM country singles charts. Mr. Russell's best-known composition was the song Act Naturally, a hit for Buck Owens in 1963 and the Beatles in 1965. Mr. Russell died from complications of diabetes.

World events
Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic refused to enter a plea on war crimes charges in his first appearance before a United Nations tribunal at The Hague.

July 2, 2011

450 years ago
1561

World events
Ethiopian Emperor Admas Sagad I defeated a revolt in Emfraz.

420 years ago
1591

Died on this date
Vincenzo Galilei, 71 (?). Italian composer. Mr. Galilei, the father of physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei, was a lutanist and composer of numerous pieces for voice and lute. He did pioneering research into acoustics, and has been credited with influencing his son's experimentation in physics.

190 years ago
1821

Born on this date
Charles Tupper. Prime Minister of Canada, 1896. Sir Charles was the most prominent Father of Confederation to come from Nova Scotia. He was a physician who served as the first president of the Canadian Medical Association in the 1870s. As a politician, he was a Conservative who was Premier of Nova Scotia from 1864-1867 and held various cabinet posts in the government of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald before serving as Canada's High Commissioner in London from 1883-1896. With the Conservative government of Prime Minister Sir Mackenzie Bowell in serious trouble in 1896, Sir Charles was summoned back to Canada. He was elected to the House of Commons in a by-election and took office as Prime Minister on May 1, leading the Conservatives in the federal election campaign. The Liberals, led by Wilfrid Laurier, won a majority of seats in the House of Commons, and Sir Charles handed over the reigns of power on July 8. His 69-day reign as Prime Minister remains the shortest in Canadian history. Sir Charles remained in the House as Leader of the Opposition from 1896-1900; he resigned from the House of Commons in 1901 and returned to England. Sir Charles died on October 30, 1915 at the age of 94; he was the last Father of Confederation to die, and had the longest lifespan (so far) of any Canadian Prime Minister.

Business
The British Parliament pass an Act for Regulation of the Fur Trade, extending the Hudson's Bay Company monopoly over the fur trade in Rupert's Land by 21 years.

140 years ago
1871

War
King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy entered Rome after having conquered it from the Papal States.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Royal Hurlburt Weller. U.S. politician. Mr. Weller, a Democrat, represented New York's 21st District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1923 until his death on March 1, 1929 at the age of 47.

Crime
U.S. President James A. Garfield was shot and seriously wounded by Charles Guiteau in Washington.

90 years ago
1921

War
U.S. President Warren G. Harding signed the Knox–Porter Resolution, formally ending the war between the United States and Germany.

Boxing
Jack Dempsey (51-4-8) retained his world heavyweight title by knocking out world light heavyweight champion Georges Carpentier (82-12-5) at 1:16 of the 4th round at Boyle's Thirty Acres in Jersey City, New Jersey. Promoter Tex Rickard had built a grandstand especially for this fight. 90,000 fans showed up, producing a gate of $1.6 million, the first million-dollar gate in boxing history. It was also the first major sporting event to have its proceedings transmitted by radio.



70 years ago
1941

War
The Royal Canadian Air Force was authorized to enlist women; the RCAF was followed by the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Navy. Pilots with the American Eagle Squadron shot down three German fighters and damaged two others during a British Royal Air Force raid near Lille, France.

Defense
28 U.S. state governors, meeting in Boston, adopted a resolution pledging full support to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his effort "to preserve the freedom of men and the institutions of free men." American Peace Mobilization and the Congress of Insustrial Organizations National Maritime Union announced in New York that they now supported aid to the U.K. and U.S.S.R.; both had opposed Lend-Lease. The U.S. House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee tentatively approved new and additional taxes designed to raise $3.5 billion in additional revenue to help pay for the defense program. Mr. Roosevelt directed War Secretary Edward L. Stimson to return the North American Aviation plant in Inglewood, California to its owners.

Diplomacy
U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles declared that the United States welcomed Uruguay's proposal that any republic engaged in a foreign war be regarded as a non-belligerent.

Protest
Several people were injured when police broke up an anti-Fascist demonstration in Trinidad, Uruguay.

Crime
Sir John Henry Delves was acquitted in Nairobi of a charge of killing the Earl of Erroll.

Baseball
Joe DiMaggio of the New York Yankees extended his hitting streak to 45 games--breaking the major league record set by Willie Keeler of the Baltimore Orioles in 1897--with a home run off Dick Newsome of the Boston Red Sox as the Yankees beat the Red Sox 8-4 in 95-degree heat before 8,682 fans at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees scored 6 runs in the 5th inning.

The Philadelphia Athletics scored a run in the bottom of the 8th inning, 3 in the 9th, and 1 in the 10th as they came back from a 5-0 deficit to defeat the Washington Nationals 7-6 before 15,000 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia.

Bobo Newsom pitched a 3-hit shutout and Rudy York doubled home Pat Mullin in the 1st inning for the game's only run as the Detroit Tigers edged the Chicago White Sox 1-0 before 22,555 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Losing pitcher "Bullfrog Bill" Dietrich allowed just 5 hits and 1 earned run in 8 innings.

60 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: And Adam Begot, starring Kent Smith, Philip Bourneuf, Joan Wetmore, and Kurt Katch



Died on this date
Mary Reeser, 67. U.S. accident victim. Mrs. Reeser lived alone in an apartment in St. Petersburg, Florida, and was found dead in her apartment in what was believed by many to be a case of spontaneous human combustion. Part of her left foot and her backbone were found, along with her shrunken skull. The Federal Bureau of Investigation believed that Mrs. Reeser had fallen asleep while smoking a cigarette, with the wick effect resulting in her clothes catching fire and her body fat enabling the fire to continue until her body was consumed. The case remains a mystery.



Literature
The Sea Around Us by Rachel Carson was published by Oxford Press.

Politics and government
In the Finnish parliamentary election, the Social Democratic Party led with 53 of 200 seats, and the Agrarian League, led by Prime Minister Urho Kekkonen, was second with 51 seats. The coalition's total was enough to retain power in the face of a threat from the Finnish People's Democratic League (i.e., Communist Party), which finished third with 43 seats, a gain of five from the most recent election in 1948.

The United Nations Trusteeship Council voted approval of Italian administration of Somaliland, and expressed regret that Italy was not yet a UN member.

Crime
4 of 11 Communist Party U.S.A. leaders convicted of conspiracy under the Smith Act jumped bail to avoid beginning their prison terms.

Economics and finance
The Council of Economic Advisers submitted a report to U.S. President Harry Truman urging New England to relax its fiscal conservatism in an effort to expand and stabilize its $14-billion economy.

Business
Bill Veeck bought sole control of the St. Louis Browns of baseball's American League from Bill and Charlie DeWitt.

Labour
The Vatican ordered its clerical and lay employees in Rome to begin punching time clocks.

50 years ago
1961

Died on this date
Ernest Hemingway, 61. U.S. writer. Mr. Hemingway was a journalist and novelist who was one of the most famous writers of the 20th century. He was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style." Mr. Hemingway committed suicide by shooting himself at his home in Ketchum, Idaho, 19 days before his 62nd birthday.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): I Am...I Said--Neil Diamond (5th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Butterfly--Danyel Gérard (6th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Funny Funny--The Sweet
2 Long Days and Lonely Nights--Lincoln
3 Joy to the World--Three Dog Night
4 If Not for You--Olivia Newton-John
5 The Seagull's Name was Nelson--Des & Dawn
6 When Love Comes Knocking at Your Door--The Dealians
7 It Don't Come Easy--Ringo Starr
8 Mozart: Symphony No. 40 In G Minor K.550 1° Movement (Allegro Molto)--Waldo de Los Rios
9 Me and You and a Dog Named Boo--Lobo
10 I Am...I Said--Neil Diamond

Singles entering the chart were Sally Sunshine by Clive Bruce (#19); and Flower of Life by Lauren Copley (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Never Ending Song of Love--Delaney & Bonnie & Friends
2 Don't Pull Your Love--Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds
3 Rainy Days and Mondays--Carpenters
4 It's Too Late--Carole King
5 Double Lovin'--The Osmonds
6 When You're Hot, You're Hot--Jerry Reed
7 Deep Enough for Me--Ocean
8 Signs--Five Man Electrical Band
9 I Love You Lady Dawn--The Bells
10 Talking in Your Sleep--Gordon Lightfoot

Singles entering the chart were Vancouver Town '71 by Rolf Harris (#18); Mr. Big Stuff by Jean Knight (#28); Rings by Cymarron (#29); and Change Partners by Stephen Stills (#30).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKVN)
1 Never Ending Song of Love--Delaney & Bonnie & Friends (4th week at #1)
2 Rainy Days and Mondays--Carpenters
3 Uncle Albert/Smile Away (LP tracks)--Paul McCartney
4 Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)--Raiders
5 Melting Pot--Booker T. & the M.G.'s
6 Signs--Five Man Electrical Band
7 You're Gonna Miss Me--Wishbone
8 Don't Pull Your Love--Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds
9 Draggin' the Line--Tommy James
10 How Can You Mend a Broken Heart--The Bee Gees

Singles entering the chart were I Love You Lady Dawn by the Bells (#26); Sooner or Later by the Grass Roots (#27); Chicago by Graham Nash (#28); Mr. Big Stuff by Jean Knight (#29); and Take Me Home, Country Roads by John Denver with Fat City (#30).

Space
A public state funeral was held in Moscow for Soyuz 11 cosmonauts Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Victor Patsayev, who had died two days earlier from the effects of depressurization while returning to Earth from their 24-day mission. U.S. astronaut Tom Stafford was among the pallbearers.



Diplomacy
Chinese Premier Chou En-lai received the first Canadian ministerial mission to the People's Republic of China.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Medley--Stars on 45 (5th week at #1)
2 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
3 The One that You Love--Air Supply
4 Sukiyaki--A Taste of Honey
5 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison
6 Hearts--Marty Balin
7 Take it on the Run--REO Speedwagon
8 Nobody Wins--Elton John
9 Winning--Santana
10 This Little Girl--Gary U.S. Bonds

Singles entering the chart were Gemini Dream by the Moody Blues (#13); Boy from New York City by the Manhattan Transfer (#15); Queen of Hearts by Juice Newton (#19); and Slow Hand by the Pointer Sisters (#20).

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (1-0) 19 @ Toronto (0-1) 18

20 years ago
1991

Died on this date
Lee Remick, 55. U.S. actress. Miss Remick was known for her striking blue eyes and her performances in such movies as A Face in the Crowd (1957); Anatomy of a Murder (1959); The Days of Wine and Roses (1962); and The Omen (1976). She died of kidney cancer.

Law
The Ontario Court of Appeal ruled that psychiatrists could not give medication against the wishes of patients; this was challenged by professionals and relatives of the mentally ill.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Toronto (0-2) 25 @ Hamilton (1-1) 28 (OT)
Edmonton (1-1) 21 @ Calgary (2-0) 25

10 years ago
2001

Crime
Barry George was sentenced to life in prison for the 1999 murder of British television hostess Jill Dando.

Medicine
The AbioCor self-contained artificial heart was first implanted, into Robert Tools at Jewish Hospital in Louisville.

Baseball
Manny Ramirez hit a 3-run home run in the 1st inning for the Boston Red Sox as they whipped the Toronto Blue Jays 16-4 before 38,237 fans at SkyDome in Toronto. Mr. Ramirez's homer was his 7th of the season against the Blue Jays.

July 1, 2011

690 years ago
1321

Died on this date
María de Molina, 55-57 (?). Queen consort of Castile and León, 1284-1295. María, the daughter of the infante Alfonso of Molina and granddaughter of King Alfonso IX of León and Queen Berengaria of Castile, married the future King Sancho IV of Castile in 1282, and became queen consort upon his accession to the throne in 1284. He died in 1295 and was succeeded by their 9-year-old son Ferdinand IV. María acted as regent for King Ferdinand until about 1301; after his sudden death in 1312, she acted as regent for his son King Alfonso XI until her own death.

530 years ago
1481

Born on this date
Christian II. King of Denmark and Norway, 1513-1523; King of Sweden, 1520-1521. Christian II acceded to the thrones of Denmark and Norway upon the death of his father Hans. He reigned under the Kalmar Union, which united Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under a single monarch. King Christian attempted to maintain the Kalmar Union by waging war on Sweden (1518-1523), and succeeded in capturing the country in 1520, but the Stockholm Bloodbath--a massacre of leading Swedish civilians in November 1520--led to an uprising, and King Christian was deposed as King of Sweden in August 1521. He attempted reforms in Denmark in 1522 that incurred the wrath of the nobility and clergy, and he was deposed and exiled to the Netherlands. Christian II attempted to regain his thrones in 1531, but he was arrested and spent the rest of his life as a prisoner in the Netherlands, dying in Kalundborg Castle on January 25, 1559 at the age of 77.

240 years ago
1771

Died on this date
Ferdinando Paer, 67. Italian composer. Mr. Paer was known for his 55 operas, including Leonora (1804). He died on May 3, 1839 at the age of 67.

180 years ago
1831

Exploration
James Ross reached the Magnetic North Pole on the Boothia Peninsula in what is now Nunavut.

140 years ago
1871

Canadiana
British Columbia entered Confederation as the sixth province; it kept its provincial government, while its debt was taken over by the federal government. There was also an undertaking to build a Pacific railroad.

Politics and government
The Parliamentary Library, today's Library of Parliament, was founded in Ottawa.

Economics and finance
Parliament made the decimal currency system uniform across Canada.

130 years ago
1881

Canadiana
Manitoba's borders were expanded, taking land easterly from the District of Keewatin to the western boundary of Ontario.

Defense
General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, went into effect.

Communications
The world's first international telephone call was made from St. Stephen, New Brunswick to Calais, Maine.

Economics and finance
The Toronto Stock Exchange moved into its first permanent headquarters at 24 King Street East; it was a boom year, with the price of a TSE seat as high as $4,000.

120 years ago
1891

Economics and finance
The Dominion Bank Act went into effect in Canada.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Irna Phillips. U.S. radio and television producer and writer. Miss Phillips created, produced, and wrote some of radio and television's soap operas, including The Guiding Light; As the World Turns; and Another World. She died on December 23, 1973 at the age of 72.

Religion
The French government enacted its anti-clerical legislation Law of Association, prohibiting the formation of new monastic orders without governmental approval.

100 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Sergey Sokolov. U.S.S.R. military officer and politician. Marshal of the Soviet Union Sokolov served in the border wars against Japan in the 1930s and against the Germans in World War II. He rose through the ranks, receiving numerous honours and reaching his highest rank in 1978. Marshal Sokolov was U.S.S.R. Minister of Defence (1984-1987), but was dismissed by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev as a result of German amateur aviator Matthias Rust's landing a small plane in Moscow's Red Square. Marshal Sokolov died on August 31, 2012 at the age of 101.

World events
Germany despatched the gunship SMS Panther to Morocco, sparking the Agadir Crisis.

Abominations
A proclamation removed the words Dei Gratia - by the Grace of God - from Canada's coinage.

Transportation
Sod was turned on the Kettle Valley Railway at Penticton, British Columbia.

90 years ago
1921

Transportation
The last Red Mountain Railway train leaft Rossland, British Columbia. Crews began removing tracks on May 8, 1922.

Baseball
The Philadelphia Phillies traded outfielder Casey Stengel, infielder Johnny Rawlings, and pitcher Red Causey to the New York Giants for outfielders Lance Richbourg and Lee King and infielder Goldie Rapp. Mr. Stengel was batting .305 with no home runs and 4 runs batted in in 24 games with Philadelphia in 1919, while Mr. Rawlings was hitting .291 with 1 homer and 16 RBIs in 60 games; Mr. Causey was 3-3 with an earned run average of 2.82 in 7 games with the Phillies. Mr. King was batting .223 with no home runs and 7 RBIs in 39 games with New York in 1921, while Mr. Rapp was hitting .215 with no homers and 15 RBIs in 58 games. Mr. Richbourg had yet to play a major league game in 1921.

80 years ago
1931

Aviation
Wiley Post and Harold Gatty became the first people to circumnavigate the globe in a single-engined monoplane aircraft.

Transportation
United Airlines began service, as Boeing Air Transport.

Baseball
Chuck Klein hit for the cycle and batted in 5 runs for the Philadelphia Phillies as they beat the Chicago Cubs 11-6 before 2,000 fans at National League Park in Philadelphia.

With 2 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 7th inning, Ski Melillo and Goose Goslin drew consecutive bases on balls, and Red Kress followed with a single to score Mr. Melillo, giving the St. Louis Browns a 4-3 lead over the Washington Nationals before 2,500 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. A 90-minute rain delay ensued, and the game was then called, giving the Browns a win.

75 years ago
1936

Business
Powel Crosley, Jr. bought controlling interest in the Cincinnati Reds of baseball's National League.

Baseball
The Detroit Tigers amassed 25 hits in routing the Chicago White Sox 21-7.

70 years ago
1941

Television
Commercial broadcasting in the United States began at 1:30 P.M. Eastern Time on WNBT (now WNBC), the National Broadcasting Company's flagship station, in New York. The first commercial, for which the Bulova watch company the station paid $9, was a 10-second spot showing a Bulova clock superimposed on a map of the U.S.A., with a voice saying, "America runs on Bulova time." The ad was followed by the live broadcast of the baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies from Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. Go here to see a list of the first day's programs. WCBW (now WCBS-TV), the Columbia Broadcasting System's flagship station, also located in New York, went on the air at 2:30 P.M.

Died on this date
W.J. Cash, 41. U.S. journalist. Wilbur Joseph Cash, a native of South Carolina, was best known for his book The Mind of the South (1941). He wrote for The American Mercury and The Charlotte News, and often criticized Fascism and Nazism. Mr. Cash was in Mexico with his wife while he worked on a novel, and was found hanging by his necktie in the bathroom of their hotel room; he had told his wife the previous day that he thought he was being followed by Nazi spies. Mexican authorities ruled Mr. Cash's death a suicide, and cremated his body.

War
The German command announced the capture of the Latvian capital of Riga. U.S.S.R. authorities claimed that Finnish and German attacks against Murmansk and on the Karelian Isthmus toward Kexholm (Kaekisalmi) had been repulsed. The U.K. named General Sir Archibald Wavell commander-in-chief in India.

Defense
King George VI presented new colours to New Brunswick's Carleton and York Regiment, at Caterham, Surrey, England. His Majesty reminded the regiment that wherever they were called to fight, they will be "fighting on the very soil of New Brunswick."

Diplomacy
The Japanese government announced that Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Romania, Croatia, Spain, and Bulgaria had recognized the Chinese government in Nanking led by Wang Ching-wei.

Politics and government
The Argentine Senate voted unanimously to approve the Havana Congress plan for the American republics to take over and administer any European possession in the Western Hemisphere that might become a target of aggression.

Labour
The Unemployment Insurance Act came into effect in Canada; the Unemployment Insurance Commission was established.

Baseball
In the game that was televised on WNBT, Stan Benjamin singled home Hal Marnie and Danny Litwhiler in the top of the 10th inning to give the Philadelphia Phillies a 6-4 win over the Brooklyn Dodgers before 3,339 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn.

Johnny Mize batted 4 for 5 with a double, home run, 3 runs, and 5 runs batted in to lead the St. Louis Cardinals over the Pittsburgh Pirates 11-7 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.

Joe Dimaggio extended his hitting streak to 44 games, tying the major league record set by Willie Keeler of the Baltimore Orioles in 1897, as the New York Yankees swept a doubleheader from the Boston Red Sox 7-2 and 9-2 before 52,832 fans at Yankee Stadium. Mr. DiMaggio hit 2 singles in the first game and a single in the 1st inning of the second game, which was fortunate, because the second game was called after 5 innings because of rain and darkness. Mr. DiMaggio's brother Dom, playing center field for the Red Sox, hit a home run in the first game.

Jeff Heath batted 4 for 4 with 2 doubles, 2 runs, and a run batted in , while winning pitcher Al Milnar batted 3 for 4 with a 3-run home run and 2 runs as the Cleveland Indians beat the St. Louis Browns 10-6 before 4,484 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. Mr. Milnar was the winning pitcher despite allowing 11 hits, 6 bases on balls, and 6 runs--all earned--in 7.1 innings.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Mr. Moto, starring James Monks, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Project 77

War
North Korea and Communist China broadcast messages agreeing to begin truce talks with U.S. representatives and suggesting the Kaesong area on the 38th Parallel as the site for the meetings.

World events
The Army Air Force and police put down a revolt in Bangkok by Navy and Marine soldiers, believed to be the result of perennial rivalry between military factions in Thailand.

Diplomacy
Brazil and West Germany established diplomatic relations.

Politics and government
The United Kingdom granted a new constitution to Nigeria with expanded provisions for home rule.

Business
Under an executive order signed by U.S. President Harry Tuman, the Panama Railroad Company became the Panama Canal Co. and took over all of the canal's physical properties.

Baseball
Bob Feller (11-2) of the Cleveland Indians pitched his third career major league no-hitter as the Indians edged the Detroit Tigers 2-1 in the first game of a doubleheader before 42,891 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. The Tigers scored an unearned run in the 4th inning on 2 errors, a stolen base, and a fly ball to the outfield. Bob Cain (6-6) was the losing pitcher, allowing just 6 hits. The Indians completed the sweep with a 2-0 win in the second game, with Bob Chakales (3-2) pitching the 4-hit shutout.

Elmer Valo hit 2 home runs in the first game and another in the second game to help the Philadelphia Athletics sweep a doubleheader from the Washington Nationals 10-7 and 3-2 before 6,346 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia.

Minnie Minoso led off the bottom of the 11th inning with a home run to give the Chicago White Sox a 2-1 win over the St. Louis Browns in the first game of a doubleheader before 27,572 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Ned Garver (10-4) pitched a 2-hitter for the Browns as they won the second game 3-1.

Roy Campanella drew a base on balls to lead off the bottom of the 3rd inning, Cal Abrams walked with 2 out, and Pee Wee Reese tripled them home with the Brooklyn Dodgers' only hit as they shut out the Philadelphia Phillies 2-0 before 18,074 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. Don Newcombe (11-4) pitched a 7-hit shutout to win the pitchers' duel over Russ Meyer (5-6), who allowed just 1 hit in 7 innings.

Bobby Thomson's 3-run home run with 1 out in the top of the necessary scoring for the New York Giants as they beat the Boston Braves 4-1 before 5,985 fans at Braves Field. Larry Jansen (10-6) pitched a 7-hitter to outduel Warren Spahn (8-7).

Paul Minner (4-6) pitched a 2-hitter and batted 2 for 4 with a run batted in to lead the Chicago Cubs over the Cincinnati Reds 7-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 18,408 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. Pinch hitter Roy Smalley doubled home Randy Jackson and advanced to third base on an error by second baseman Connie Ryan, and pinch runner Jack Cusick scored on a fly ball to center field by pitcher Dutch Leonard in the top of the 11th inning as the Cubs broke a 5-5 tie and won the second game 7-5 to complete the sweep.

With 2 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 12th inning, Stan Musial drew a base on balls, stole second base, and scored on a double by Billy Johnson to give the St. Louis Cardinals a 5-4 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates before 21,195 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Travelin' Man/Hello Mary Lou--Ricky Nelson

#1 single in Italy: Il mondo di Suzie Wong--Nico Fidenco (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Wheels (Vier Schimmel, ein Wagen)--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Wheels--The String-A-Longs (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Runaway--Del Shannon (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Quarter to Three--U.S. Bonds
2 Moody River--Pat Boone
3 Raindrops--Dee Clark
4 The Boll Weevil Song--Brook Benton
5 Travelin' Man--Ricky Nelson
6 Stand by Me--Ben E. King
7 Running Scared--Roy Orbison
8 Tossin' and Turnin'--Bobby Lewis
9 Those Oldies But Goodies (Remind Me of You)--Little Caesar and the Romans
10 Yellow Bird--Arthur Lyman Group
--[Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra]

Jan and Dean's version of Heart and Soul was now listed, but not charted, with the Cleftones' version at #19,. Singles entering the chart were Together (#74)/Too Many Rules (#88) by Connie Francis; Last Night by the Mar-Keys (#76); Pretty Little Angel Eyes by Curtis Lee (#78); I've Got News for You by Ray Charles (#79); What a Sweet Thing that Was (#87)/A Thing of the Past (#98) by the Shirelles; The Charleston by Ernie Fields (#91); I've Got a Notion by Marv Johnson (#93); Take a Fool's Advice by Nat King Cole (#95); Don't Bet Money Honey by Linda Scott (#99); and One Summer Night by the Diamonds (#100). Don't Bet Money Honey was the other side of Starlight, Starbright, which had yet to chart.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Hats Off to Larry--Del Shannon (2nd week at #1)
2 Daydreams--Johnny Crawford
3 I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door--Eddie Hodges
4 Fallen Idol--Ken Lyon
5 Don't You Sweetheart Me--Bobby Curtola
6 Quarter to Three--U.S. Bonds
7 Sea of Heartbreak--Don Gibson
8 Dum Dum--Brenda Lee
9 Classmate--The Beau-Marks
10 Heart and Soul--Jan and Dean

Singles entering the chart were Bobby by Neil Scott (#27); Judy (LP track) by Elvis Presley (#31); Too Many Rules by Connie Francis (#34); Baby Face by Bobby Vee (#38); I Just Don't Understand by Ann-Margret (#42); Johnny Willow by Fred Darian (#43); Time by Jerry Jackson (#45); Somebody Nobody Wants by Dion (#46); Let's Twist Again by Chubby Checker (#47); What a Sweet Thing that Was by the Shirelles (#49); and Ticonderoga by the Saturday Knights (#50).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Hats Off to Larry--Del Shannon (2nd week at #1)
2 Quarter to Three--U.S. Bonds
3 Sea of Heartbreak--Don Gibson
4 Fallen Idol--Ken Lyon
5 I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door--Eddie Hodges
6 Daydreams--Johnny Crawford
7 Heart and Soul--Jan and Dean
8 Dum Dum--Brenda Lee
9 Never on Sunday--The Chordettes
10 Barbara-Ann--The Regents

Singles entering the chart were Together/Too Many Rules by Connie Francis (#28); Wooden Heart by Joe Dowell (#34); Tossin' and Turnin' by Bobby Lewis (#37); Shake Shake Sherry by the Flairs (#39); and Sermonette by Earl Grant (#40).

Born on this date
Diana, Princess of Wales. The future wife of Prince Charles was born Diana Spencer at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England. She suffered fatal injuries in a car accident in Paris on August 31, 1997 at the age of 36.

Died on this date
Louis-Ferdinand Céline, 67. French physician and author. Dr. Céline practiced medicine before turning to writing, with his best-known work being the novel Voyage au bout de la nuit (Journey to the End of the Night) (1932). He became a pamphleteer on behalf of the Axis powers, and was imprisoned in Denmark for more than a year after World War II. Dr. Céline returned to France in 1951 after being granted amnesty, and died of a ruptured aneurysm.

Boxing
National Boxing Association world light heavyweight champion Harold Johnson (65-8), fighting as a heavyweight, won a 10-round decision over Eddie Machen (37-4-1) at Convention Hall in Philadelphia.



Golf
Mickey Wright won the Women's U.S. Open at Baltusrol Golf Club in Springfield, New Jersey.





40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Here's to You--Joan Baez (4th week at #1)

Died on this date
William Lawrence Bragg, 81. Australian-born U.K. physicist. Sir William and his father William Henry Bragg shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-ray."

Learie Constantine, 69. Trinidadian-born U.K. cricketer, politician, and diplomat. Mr. Constantine began his cricket career in his native Trinidad and Tobago in the 1920s, and played professionally in England from 1929-1938. He became a lawyer in 1954 and advocated for racial equality. Mr. Constantine returned to Trinidad and Tobago in 1954 and became a founder of the People's National Movement, subsequently serving as Minister of Communications. He was Trinidad and Tobago's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (1961-1964), and was influential in the passage of the Race Relations Act 1965. Mr. Contantine was knighted in 1962 and created a life peer as Baron Constantine in 1969, two years before his death from a heart attack. He was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in June 2021.

Canadiana
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau opened the $2.5-million museum for aboriginal artifacts at the University of British Columbia campus in Vancouver. The museum was a gift from Canada to honour the centennial of B.C.'s entry into Confederation.

Art
The National Gallery of Canada mounted Joyce Wieland's True Patriot Love; it was the NGC's first solo exhibition devoted to the work of a living Canadian woman artist.

Politics and government
The 182-year-old U.S. Post Office Department was officially replaced by the new semi-independent U.S. Postal Service.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Stars on 45--Stars on 45
2 Making Your Mind Up--Bucks Fizz
3 Hands Up (Give Me Your Heart)--Ottawan
4 Video Life--Bilgeri
5 Per Elisa--Alice
6 The Farmer's Daughter--Fleetwood Mac
7 Angel of the Morning--Juice Newton
8 Agadou--Saragossa Band
9 In the Air Tonight--Phil Collins
10 Jealous Guy--Roxy Music

Singles entering the chart were The Farmer's Daughter; Agadou; Bette Davis Eyes by Kim Carnes (#12); and Seven Tears by Goombay Dance Band (#20).

Died on this date
George Voskovec, 76. Czech-born U.S. actor. Mr. Voskovec, born Jiří Wachsmann, began his career with the Osvobozené divadlo (Liberated Theater) in Prague, but fled to the United States in 1939 as his homeland was facing the possibility of German invasion. He appeared in more than 70 movies as a character actor, and was perhaps best known as the 11th juror in 12 Angry Men (1957). Mr. Voskovec died of a heart attack, 12 days after his 76th birthday.

Music
The Beach Boys performed at the Civic Center in Huntington, West Virginia.



Law
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that candidates for federal office had an “affirmative right” to go on national television. The ruling limited a TV network’s right to determine when political campaigns begin and who may buy time.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Anata ni aete yokatta (あなたに会えてよかった)--Kyōko Koizumi (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Pienestä pitäen--Juice Leskinen (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Wind of Change--Scorpions (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Michael Landon, 55. U.S. actor. Mr. Landon, born Eugene Orowitz, was known for co-starring in the television series Bonanza (1959-1973); Little House on the Prairie (1974-1983); and Highway to Heaven (1984-1989). He died of pancreatic cancer.

Television
The U.S. cable Courtroom Television Network--better known as Court TV--began broadcasting at 6:00 A.M. Eastern Time.

Defense
The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.

Law
U.S. President George H.W. Bush nominated federal appeals court judge Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Nikolay Basov, 78. U.S.S.R. physicist and politician. Dr. Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Townes "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle." He became a member of the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet in 1974.

Jean-Louis Rosier, 76. French auto racing driver. Mr. Rosier was the son of Formula One driver Louis Rosier. They combined to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1950, with the elder Mr. Rosier driving all but 2 laps. Jean-Louis Rosier died of a cerebral hemorrhage.