February 29, 2020

300 years ago
1720

Europeana
Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden abdicated in favour of her husband, who became King Frederick I on March 24.

180 years ago
1840

Born on this date
William H. Carney. U.S. soldier. Mr. Carney was born a slave in Virginia, but escaped to freedom through the Underground Railroad. As a member of the all-Negro Company C of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Mr. Carney distinguished himself in the U.S. Civil War at the Battle of Fort Wagner, outside Charleston, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863, when despite being wounded four times, he made his way back to his unit carrying the flag, and proudly claimed that it never hit the ground. Although the Union forces lost the battle, the 54th was hailed for its courage, and Mr. Carney was promoted to sergeant. In 1900 he was finally awarded the Medal of Honor, becoming the first Negro soldier to win it. He died at the age of 68 on December 9, 1908 in an elevator accident at the Massachusetts State House in Boston, where he had been employed for 35 years.

John Philip Holland. U.K.-born U.S. engineer. Mr. Holland, a native of Ireland, is regarded as the father of the modern submarine, having designed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy, and the first U.K. Royal Navy submarine, the Holland 1. He died on August 12, 1914 at the age of 74.

140 years ago
1880

Died on this date
James Milne Wilson, 68. U.K.-born Australian politician. Sir James, a native of Scotland, emigrated to Tasmania in 1829, and managed Cascade Brewery before entering politics in 1859, representing Hobart in the Tasmanian Legislative Council, while also serving as Mayor of Hobart in the 1860s. He was Premier of Tasmania (1869-1872), and served as President of the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1872 until his death on his 68th (or 17th) birthday.

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Arthur Franz. U.S. actor. Mr. Franz appeared in plays, films, and television programs from the 1940s to the 1980s. His most notable role was as Lieutenant Junior Grade H. Paynter Jr. in the movie The Caine Mutiny (1954). Mr. Franz died of emphysema and heart disease on June 17, 2006 at the age of 86.

James Mitchell. U.S. actor and dancer. Mr. Mitchell was one of Agnes de Mille's leading dancers from 1944-1969, and also worked with other choreographers. He appeared in plays, films, and television programs, enjoying his greatest success in soap operas, particularly All My Children, in which he played Palmer Cortlandt from 1979-2008, making a cameo appearance 17 days before his death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by pneumonia on January 22, 2010 at the age of 89.

Rollie W. Redlin. U.S. politician. Mr. Redlin, a member of the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, sat in the N.D. Senate (1959-1963, 1973-2000), and represented North Dakota's 2nd District in the U.S. House of Representatives (1965-1967). He died on September 23, 2011 at the age of 91.

Michèle Morgan. French actress. Miss Morgan, born Simone Renée Roussel, was regarded as one of the best French actresses of the 20th century, appearing in both French and American movies. Her films included Passage to Marseille (1944); La Symphonie Pastorale (1946); The Fallen Idol (1948); and Fabiola (1949). Miss Morgan was awarded an honorary César Award in 1992 for lifetime achievement, and died on December 20, 2016 at the age of 96.

Died on this date
Ernie Courtney, 45. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Courtney was a third baseman with the Boston Beaneaters (1902); Baltimore Orioles (1902); New York Highlanders (1903); Detroit Tigers (1903); and Philadelphia Phillies (1905-1908), batting .245 with 5 home runs and 200 runs batted in in 558 games. He led the National League in games played (155) in 1905. Mr. Courtney played at least 9 seasons in the minor leagues from 1898-1911.

Politics and government
The Czechoslovak National assembly adopted the Constitution of 1920.

80 years ago
1940

At the movies
Black Friday, directed by Arthur Lubin, and starring Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi, received its premiere screening, in Chicago.





Died on this date
E. F. Benson, 72. U.K. writer. Edward Frederic Benson wrote fiction and non-fiction, but was best known for his Dodo (1893-1921) and Mapp and Lucia (1920-1939) series of novels, as well as ghost stories. He died of throat cancer.

Movies
The Academy Awards for 1939 were presented at the Coconut Grove in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Gone With the Wind won a then-record 10 Oscars: Picture; Director (Victor Fleming); Actress (Vivian Leigh); Supporting Actress (Hattie McDaniel); Screenplay (Sidney Howard); Cinematography--Color (Ernest Haller and Ray Rennahan); Art Direction (Lyle Wheeler); Film Editing (Hal Kern and James E. Newsom); a special award to William Cameron Menzies for his use of color; and a special technical award to Don Musgrave for pioneering the use of coordinated equipment in the production of Gone With the Wind. Max Steiner’s memorable original score for Gone With the Wind didn’t win; Herbert Stothart won for The Wizard of Oz. The Wizard of Oz also won for Original Song (Over the Rainbow, written by Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg), and Judy Garland won a special Oscar for outstanding juvenile performance. Robert Donat won the Best Actor Oscar for Goodbye, Mr. Chips, while Thomas Mitchell, who appeared in Gone With the Wind, won supporting actor honours for Stagecoach. Stagecoach also won for Score (Richard Hageman, Franke Harling, John Leipold, Louis Gruenberg, Leo Shuken). Other Oscars went to Wuthering Heights for Cinematography--Black and White (Gregg Toland); Mr. Smith Goes to Washington for Original Story (Lewis R. Foster); and The Rains Came for Special Effects (E.H. Hansen and Fred Sersen). David O. Selznick won the Irving C. Thalberg Memorial Award.



War
Representatives of 23 religious denominations, meeting in Philadelphia, urged neutral nations to band together and negotiate an end to the European war. Finland initiated peace negotiations with the U.S.S.R., as Soviet forces were reported to be just 1 mile from the Finnish city of Viborg. Brazilian Foreign Minister Oswaldo Aranha protested the February 12 British naval action against the German freighter Wakama as a violation of Brazilian waters. China claimed to have repulsed Japanese efforts to clean up guerrilla areas on the Anhwei-Kiangsu border southeast of Nanking.

Protest
Jews in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv demonstrated against the new British restriction, announced the previous day, on Jewish purchases of land in Palestine. The executive committee of the League of Nations adopted a resolution condemning the British action.

Economics and finance
The French government revalued its gold stocks to make a 30-billion franc paper profit for the purpose of war finances.

Politics and government
Manuel Quezon, President of the Philippine Commonwealth, said that he would not be a candidate for re-election in 1941.

Science
In a ceremony held in Berkeley, California because of the European war, American physicist Ernest Lawrence received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics, "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements," from Sweden's Consul General in San Francisco. The Nobel Prize ceremonies usually took place in Stockholm, with the exception of the ceremony for the Peace Prize, which was held in Oslo.

Education
U.S. education commissioner John W. Studebaker said that controversial subjects should be taught in schools.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Mackie el Navaja--(Mack The Knife)--José Guardiola

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 The Theme from "A Summer Place"--Percy Faith and his Orchestra (2nd week at #1)
2 Handy Man--Jimmy Jones
3 He'll Have to Go--Jim Reeves
4 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
5 What in the World's Come Over You--Jack Scott
6 Beyond the Sea--Bobby Darin
7 Running Bear--Johnny Preston
8 Let it Be Me--The Everly Brothers
9 Baby (You've Got What it Takes)--Dinah Washington & Brook Benton
10 Wild One--Bobby Rydell

Singles entering the chart were About this Thing Called Love by Fabian (#53); Teddy by Connie Francis (#77); Summer Set by Monty Kelly and his Orchestra (#82); Werewolf by the Frantics (#83); Starbright by Johnny Mathis (#84); Chattanooga Choo Choo by the Ernie Fields Orchestra (#85); The Same Old Me by Guy Mitchell (#89); Step by Step by the Crests (#90); You Don't Know Me by Lenny Welch (#95); Mountain of Love by Harold Dorman (#96); Road Runner by Bo Diddley (#97); The Old Payola Roll Blues (Side 1) by Stan Freberg (#99); and Just Give Me a Ring by Clyde McPhatter (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Music Vendor)
1 The Theme from "A Summer Place"--Percy Faith and his Orchestra
--Hugo Winterhalter and his Orchestra
--Leroy Holmes and his Orchestra
2 He'll Have to Go--Jim Reeves
3 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
4 What in the World's Come Over You--Jack Scott
5 Handy Man--Jimmy Jones
6 Baby (You've Got What it Takes)--Dinah Washington & Brook Benton
7 Wild One--Bobby Rydell
8 Beyond the Sea--Bobby Darin
9 Let it Be Me--The Everly Brothers
10 Running Bear--Johnny Preston

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 He'll Have to Go--Jim Reeves (3rd week at #1)
2 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
3 Running Bear--Johnny Preston
4 Handy Man--Jimmy Jones
5 What in the World's Come Over You--Jack Scott
6 The Theme from "A Summer Place"--Percy Faith and his Orchestra
7 Lucky Devil/In My Heart--Carl Dobkins, Jr.
8 El Paso--Marty Robbins
9 Beyond the Sea--Bobby Darin
10 Down by the Station--The Four Preps

Singles entering the chart were Fannie Mae by Buster Brown (#47); String Along by Fabian (#53); White Silver Sands by Bill Black's Combo (#54); Sink the Bismark by Johnny Horton (#55); and Don't Fence Me In by Tommy Edwards (#60).

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Sandy Mains!

Died on this date
Walter Yust, 65. U.S. journalist. Mr. Yust was editor-in-chief of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1938 until his death.

Melvin Purvis, 56. U.S. law enforcement official. Mr. Purvis joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1927, and was put in charge of the Bureau's Chicago office by Director J. Edgar Hoover in 1932. Mr. Purvis led the manhunts that resulted in the captures of criminals Baby Face Nelson, Pretty Boy Floyd, and most famously, John Dillinger in 1934. Mr. Hoover was reportedly unhappy with the amount of publicity that Mr. Purvis was attracting, and Mr. Purvis resigned from the FBI in 1935. He practiced law, and served with the U.S. Army as an intelligence officer during World War II, rising to the rank of colonel, and assisting with the compilation of evidence for the Nueremberg war crimes trials. Mr. Purvis died from a gunshot wound to the head in an apparent suicide, although there were suggestions that the shooting may have been accidental.

Popular culture
Hugh Hefner opened the first Playboy Club in Chicago.

Disasters
An estimated 12,000 people were killed when an earthquake hit the Moroccan city of Agadir.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Himmel No. 7/Flickorna på TV2--Gyllene Tider (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)--Pink Floyd (4th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Babe--Styx
2 Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)--Pink Floyd
3 Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough--Michael Jackson
4 Rise--Herb Alpert
5 Do That to Me One More Time--Captain & Tennille
6 The Part of Me that Needs You Most--Exile
7 Tired of Toein' the Line--Rocky Burnette
8 Video Killed the Radio Star--The Buggles
9 Great Balls of Fire--Nightmare
10 Please Don't Go--KC and the Sunshine Band

Singles entering the chart were Gloria by Umberto Tozzi (#19); and Gonna Get Along Without You Now by Viola Wills (#20).

Died on this date
Yigal Allon, 61. Prime Minister of Israel, 1969. General Allon, born Yigal Peikowitz, joined the paramilitary organization Haganah in 1931, participating in the Arab Revolt (1936-1939) and various other actions. After Israel gained her independence in 1948, Gen. Allon commanded troops in the Arab-Israeli War (1948). He resigned from the military in 1950, and went into politics, representing various factions in the Knesset. Mr. Allon held various cabinet posts from 1961-1977, including Minister of Foreign Affairs (1974-1977). When Prime Minister Levi Eshkol died on February 26, 1969, Deputy Prime Minister Allon was appointed interim Prime Minister, serving until March 17, when Golda Meir took office as Prime Minister after being named leader of the Labour Party. Mr. Allon died of heart failure; at the time of his death, he was challenging Shimon Peres for leadership of the two-party Alignment.

Journalism
La Bougie du Sapeur, a humourous French newspaper that is published only on February 29, printed its first issue.

Diplomacy
An aide to Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini told the United Nations commission investigating grievances against the deposed shah that they would be able to visit the hostages at the U.S. embassy.

Terrorism
The April 19 Movement guerrillas occupying the Dominican Republic’s embassy in Colombia freed the last five female hostages.

Economics and finance
Strong support in the United States Congress for balancing the 1981 federal budget was reported. Rep. Robert Giaimo (Democrat--Connecticut), chairman of the House Budget Committee, said: "This place is panicked--the House, the Senate, the Administration. They have realized we have got to take drastic steps."

Hockey
NHL
Gordie Howe of the Hartford Whalers became the first player to score 800 career National Hockey League regular season goals.

Edmonton 4 Winnipeg 2

20 years ago
2000

War
84 Russian paratroopers were killed in a rebel attack on a guard post near Ulus Kert, Chechnya.

Disasters
International aid agencies in Mozambique said that they needed extra helicopters to rescue thousands stranded in floods, as flood waters in southern Mozambique rose again, engulfing everything in their path. The United Nations World Food Programme estimated that up to 300,000 people needed immediate aid.

February 28, 2020

1,150 years ago
870

Religion
The Fourth Council of Constantinople, which had opened on October 5, 1869, closed. The eighth ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, which had been convened by Byzantine Emperor Basil I and pope Adrian II, deposed Photios as Patriarch of Constantinople and restored his predecessor, Ignatius. The council also reaffirmed the decisions of the Second Council of Nicaea in support of icons and holy images, and required the image of Christ to have veneration equal with that of the gospel book.

310 years ago
1710

War
14,000 Danish invaders commanded by Jørgen Rantzau were decisively defeated by an equally sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock in the Battle of Helsingborg. The battle was an attempt by the Danes to regain the Scanian lands, which had been lost to Sweden in 1658. This was the last time Swedish and Danish troops met on Swedish soil.

160 years ago
1860

Born on this date
George Lyman Kittredge. U.S. literary scholar. Professor Kittredge was known for his editions of the works of William Shakespeare and his studies of American folklore, especially folksongs. He died on July 23, 1941 at the age of 81.

150 years ago
1870

Religion
The Bulgarian Exarchate (Bulgarian Orthodox Church) was established by decree of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

120 years ago
1900

War
The 118-day Siege of Ladysmith, Natal by Boer forces was lifted when the first party of the British relief column, led by Major Herbert Gough and including war correspondent Winston Churchill, rode into the township in the evening.

100 years ago
1920

Auto racing
AAA
Championship Car Series
Jimmy Murphy won a 250-mile race on the board track at Los Angeles Motor Speedway. Joe Thomas finished second and Ira Vail third in the 18-car field.

80 years ago
1940

On television today
The first live telecast of a basketball game occurred when a college match between Fordham University and the University of Pittsburgh at Madison Square Garden was broadcast by the experimental station W2XBS to several hundred homes in New York. There was a 20-minute blackout due to technical problems.

Americana
U.S. population was reported at 131,669,275, with 12,865,518 Negroes (9.8%).

War
The U.S.S.R. gave Finland 48 hours to respond to its peace proposal. Soviet forces fought to within 7 miles of the Finnish city of Viborg.

World events
The United Kingdom announced a curb on Jewish land purchases in agricultural areas of Palestine.

Economics and finance
The U.S. House of Representatives passed and sent to conference a bill providing for a $100-million increase in the lending authority of the Import-Export Bank.

Disasters
Floods in northern California from Tehchapi to the Oregon state line marooned 4,000 people and caused $1 million in damages.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Amor, Amor--Bing Crosby (1st month at #1)

At the movies
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, starring Joan Blondell, Peggy Ann Garner, and James Dunn, received its premiere screening in New York City.





Literature
Richard Wright's autobiography Black Boy was published.

War
The Korean provisional government in Chungking, not yet recognized by any nation, declared war on Germany in order to participate in the founding conference of the United Nations in San Francisco. U.S. troops in Germany crossed the Erft River, the last natural obstacle before the Rhine River, in the vicinity of Sindorf. Soviet troops in Germany seized the Pomeranian rail centre of Neustettin. American forces in the Philippines landed on Palawan and quickly seized control of vital points without much opposition. U.S. Marines pushed forward on Iwo Jima, reaching the uncompleted northern air strip.

Diplomacy
U.S. charge d'affaires in Chungking George Atcheson sent a telegram to the U.S. State Department criticizing the Chinese Nationalist government as ineffectual, and urging more even-handed treatment of the Communists. The cable provoked a bitter conflict between the State Department's "China hands" and U.S. Army General Patrick Hurley, U.S. adviser to the Nationalist government.

The British House of Commons approved the decisions taken on Poland at the recent Yalta Conference.

Egyptian and Turkish representatives signed the United Nations declaration in Washington.

At the Inter-American Conference in Mexico City, the U.S.A. proposed a plan to guarantee hemispheric boundaries and an assurance that it would take action with Latin American states against any nation attacking their territorial integrity.

Defense
U.S. Army Air Forces commanding General Hap Arnold revealed that the Army's first jet-propelled combat plane, the P-80 Shooting Star, was in production.

Economics and finance
The U.S. State Department reached a Lend-Lease agreement with France to provide the latter with immediate and postwar reconstruction aid.

Labour
The U.S. National War Labor Board granted a wage increase of $2-$4 per week to 21,250 telephone employees in New York City, Louisville, Washington, and Memphis.

70 years ago
1950

On the radio
Philo Vance, starring Jackson Beck
Tonight’s episode: The Big Nick Murder Case

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Man Who Talked in His Sleep, starring Donald Briggs, Edith Atwater, and Ben Cooper



Diplomacy
After several days of debate, the Thai cabinet of Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram decided to recognize Bảo Đại's pro-French Vietnamese government.

Politics and government
Thai Foreign Minister Phot Sarasin, who opposed the recognition of Bảo Đại's Vietnamese government and didn't want to antagonize the governments of Indonesia and the People's Republic of China, resigned from the cabinet.

U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson refused, despite strong Republican Party pressure, to retract his declaration of support for former State Department official Alger Hiss, who had been convicted a month earlier of perjury.

Scandal
U.S. Commerce Department economist William Remington's $100,000 slander suit against former Soviet spy and Communist Elizabeth Bentley was settled in New York for $10,000. On September 12, 1948, Miss Bentley had appeared on the first-ever televised broadcast of the NBC news panel program Meet the Press, where she accused Mr. Remington of being a Communist. Mr. Remington launched his suit on October 6, 1948 against Miss Bentley, NBC, and its television sponsor, General Foods Corporation. Mr. Remington was later charged with perjury.

Religion
The Vatican authorized Roman Catholics to cooperate with members of other Christian sects in activities directed against Communism and toward a reunion of Christian churches.

Energy
The University of Illinois' new 300-million volt belatron, designed for research on nuclear binding forces, was publicly demonstrated for the first time.

Business
C.E. Hooper, Inc. announced the sale of its national U.S. radio and television ratings service (Hooperatings) to A.C. Nielsen Company.

60 years ago
1960

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Across the Threshold, starring Patricia Collinge, George Grizzard, and Barbara Baxley

Olympics
Men's hockey @ Blyth Arena, Squaw Valley, California
Final Round
U.S.A. (5-0) 9 C.S.S.R. (2-3) 4
Sweden (1-3-1) 8 Germany (0-5) 2
Canada (4-1) 8 U.S.S.R. (2-2-1) 5

Roger Christian scored 3 goals--his second, third, and fourth of the game--as the United States erupted for 6 unanswered goals in the 3rd period to defeat Czechoslovakia and clinch the gold medal. Bob Cleary scored 2 goals in the 3rd period, with his brother Bill scoring the other.



Sven Johansson and Lars-Eric Lundvall each scored 2 goals in the 3rd period for the Swedes as they completed their rout of the Germans. Mr. Lundvall opened the scoring at 1:15 of the 3rd period.

Fred Etcher scored 2 goals and 2 assists, and Bob Attersley added a goal and 4 assists for the Canadians as they defeated the Soviets, outscoring the U.S.S.R. 4-2 in the 3rd period to clinch the silver medal. The Soviets won the bronze medal.

The Winter Olympic Games concluded with the U.S.S.R. leading the medal parade with 21: 7 gold, 5 silver, 9 bronze. The host U.S.A. finished with 10: 3 gold, 4 silver, 3 bronze. Canada finished seventh with 2 gold (Barbara Wagner and Robert Paul in pairs figure skating, Anne Heggtveit in women’s slalom), 1 silver, 1 bronze.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Pretty Belinda--Chris Andrews (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France: The 5th--Ekseption (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Venus--Shocking Blue

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Dein schönstes Geschenk--Roy Black (9th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)--Edison Lighthouse (5th week at #1)

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head--Johnny Farnham (6th week at #1)
2 I Thank You--Lionel Rose
3 Smiley--Ronnie Burns
4 Venus--Shocking Blue
5 Jam Up Jelly Tight--Tommy Roe
6 Down on the Corner/Fortunate Son--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 Superstar--Murray Head with the Trinidad Singers
8 Holly Holy--Neil Diamond
9 Two Little Boys--Rolf Harris
10 Arkansas Grass--Axiom

Singles entering the chart were All I Have to Do is Dream by Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell (#34); Walk a Mile in My Shoes by Joe South and the Believers (#35); and Hitchin' a Ride by Vanity Fare (#36).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Mijn Gebed--D.C. Lewis (4th week at #1)
2 Who'll Stop the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 Seasons--Earth and Fire
4 Venus--Shocking Blue
5 Room to Move--John Mayall
6 Mighty Joe--Shocking Blue
7 Dear Ann--George Baker Selection
8 Our Father--Unit Gloria
9 Travelling in the U.S.A.--Bintangs
10 Het Stoomlied (Kunst- En Vliegwerk)--Ed & William Bever

Singles entering the chart were Feijenoord! by Het 1e Elftal Van Feijenoord (#27); Live for Tomorrow Harry Jones by Barrie Webb - O.P.M.C. (#28); Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes) by Edison Lighthouse (#35); Spaanse Vliegenier by De Specials (#36); and Indian Pipe by Amsterdam (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Bridge Over Troubled Water--Simon & Garfunkel
2 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin/Everybody is a Star--Sly & the Family Stone
3 Travelin' Band/Who'll Stop the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
4 Hey There Lonely Girl--Eddie Holman
5 No Time--The Guess Who
6 Ma Belle Amie--The Tee Set
7 Psychedelic Shack--The Temptations
8 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
9 Rainy Night in Georgia--Brook Benton
10 Venus--The Shocking Blue

Singles entering the chart were Celebrate by Three Dog Night (#48); Spirit in the Sky by Norman Greenbaum (#64); Instant Karma (We All Shine On) by John Ono Lennon (with the Plastic Ono Band) (#65); Stir it Up and Serve It by Tommy Roe (#83); To the Other Woman (I'm the Other Woman) by Doris Duke (#84); You're the One--Part II by Little Sister (#86); Long Lonesome Highway by Michael Parks (#88); Rock Island Line by Johnny Cash (#93); Silly, Silly Fool by Dusty Springfield (#95); Love, Peace and Happiness by the Chambers Brothers (#96); Can't Help Falling in Love by Andy Williams (#97); Tennessee Bird Walk by Jack Blanchard & Misty Morgan (#98); Message from a Black Man by the Whatnauts and the Whatnaut Band (#99); and Sparkle and Shine by the Clique (#100). Long Lonesome Highway was from the television series Then Came Bronson.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Bridge Over Troubled Water--Simon & Garfunkel
2 Hey There Lonely Girl--Eddie Holman
3 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin--Sly & the Family Stone
4 No Time--The Guess Who
5 Psychedelic Shack--The Temptations
6 Rainy Night in Georgia--Brook Benton
7 Travelin' Band--Creedence Clearwater Revival
8 Venus--The Shocking Blue
9 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
10 Rainy Night in Georgia--Brook Benton

Singles entering the chart were Who's Your Baby? by the Archies (#61); Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance by Gary Puckett & the Union Gap (#77); Lay Lady Lay by Ferrante & Teicher (#83); Run Sally Run by the Cuff Links (#85); California Girl by Eddie Floyd (#91); Reflections of My Life by the Marmalade (#93); You're Right, Ray Charles by Joe Tex (#96); Don't Get Close by Little Anthony and the Imperials (#98); and Long Lonesome Highway by Michael Parks (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Bridge Over Troubled Water--Simon & Garfunkel
2 Hey There Lonely Girl--Eddie Holman
3 Travelin' Band/Who'll Stop the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
4 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin/Everybody is a Star--Sly & the Family Stone
5 Rainy Night in Georgia--Brook Benton
6 Psychedelic Shack--The Temptations
7 No Time--The Guess Who
8 Ma Belle Amie--The Tee Set
9 Arizona--Mark Lindsay
10 Honey Come Back--Glen Campbell

Singles entering the chart were Come Together by Ike & Tina Turner and the Ikettes (#70); Silly, Silly Fool by Dusty Springfield (#84); Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance by Gary Puckett and the Union Gap (#85); Stir it Up and Serve It by Tommy Roe (#87); Sparkle and Shine by the Clique (#88); Who's Your Baby? by the Archies (#89); You Keep Tightening Up on Me by the Box Tops (#90); Mississippi Mama by Owen B. (#91); To the Other Woman (I'm the Other Woman) by Doris Duke (#92); Run Sally Run by the Cuff Links (#93); Baby Make it Soon by the Flying Machine (#96); Cat Walk by the Village Soul Choir (#97); Don't Worry Baby by the Tokens (#98); Long Lonesome Highway by Michael Parks (#99); and Music to My Heart by the Obsession (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 No Time--The Guess Who
2 Thank You Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin--Sly & the Family Stone
3 Hey There Lonely Girl--Eddie Holman
4 Arizona--Mark Lindsay
5 Psychedelic Shack--The Temptations
6 Honey Come Back--Glen Campbell
7 Rainy Night in Georgia--Brook Benton
8 Ma Belle Amie--The Tee Set
9 Travelin' Band--Creedence Clearwater Revival
10 Walk a Mile in My Shoes--Joe South and the Believers

Singles entering the chart were Temma Harbour by Mary Hopkin (#69); Rag Mama Rag by the Band (#71); You, Me and Mexico by Edward Bear (#73); Instant Karma (We All Shine On) by John Ono Lennon (with the Plastic Ono Band) (#76); Celebrate by Three Dog Night (#79); 1984 by Spirit (#81); Can't Help Falling in Love by Andy Williams (#82); Melting Pot by Blue Mink (#84); Come Together by Ike & Tina Turner and the Ikettes (#85); Silly, Silly Fool by Dusty Springfield (#86); Brighton Hill by Jackie DeShannon (#90); Welfare Cadillac by Guy Drake (#91); Mississippi Mama by Owen B. (#92); Stir it Up and Serve It by Tommy Roe (#93); Spirit in the Sky by Norman Greenbaum (#94); Easy to Be Free by Rick Nelson (#95); Run Sally Run by the Cuff Links (#96); Point of View by Jose Feliciano (#97); Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance by Gary Puckett & the Union Gap (#98); Gotta Hold on to this Feeling by Jr. Walker & the All Stars (#99); and Sparkle and Shine by the Clique (#100).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 Bridge Over Troubled Water--Simon & Garfunkel
2 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
3 Arizona--Mark Lindsay
4 That's Where I Went Wrong--The Poppy Family
5 Light of Love--The Cat
6 I Want You Back--The Jackson 5
7 Come and Get It--Badfinger
8 No Time--The Guess Who
9 Venus--The Shocking Blue
10 He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother--Hollies
Pick hit of the week: Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)--Edison Lighthouse

Married on this date
Crown Prince Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva of Nepal and Aishwarya Rajya Laxmi Devi Rana. The wedding was the culmination of a two-day Hindu ceremony that began with the Crown Prince riding an ornately-decorated elephant. The bride was from an aristocratic Nepalese family.

Diplomacy
French President Georges Pompidou arrived in Chicago as part of his tour of the United States, and was angered by demonstrations against France’s supplying of arms to Libya.

Crime
The "Chicago Seven" defendants were released on bond after the U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals granted them bail--$25,000 each for the 5 convicted of crossing state lines to incite a riot, and $15,000 each for the 2 who were acquitted on incite-to-riot charges, but were convicted of contempt of court. Bail of $15,000 each was also set for the defense lawyers, who had been convicted of contempt of court.

40 years ago
1980

World events
The United Nations commission in Iran hearing grievances against the regime of the deposed shah met with about 1,500 Iranians, most of whom had been injured during demonstrations shortly before the shah was deposed a year earlier. The commission’s co-chairman, Mohammed Bedjaoui of Algeria, said to the crowd: "We will fulfill our mandate and...the international community will know to what unimaginable lengths the violations of human rights were carried on in this land."

Terrorism
13 of the hostages held at the Dominican Republic’s embassy in Colombia by April 19 Movement guerrillas were freed in exchange for food and supplies.

Politics and government
Andalusia approved its statute of autonomy within Spain in a referendum.

Transportation
The U.S. Department of Transportation reported that all the 1979 foreign cars and most domestic cars subjected to 35 miles-per-hour crash tests had failed to protect occupants. The test was only 5 mph over the speed specified in the minimum safety standards, and its purpose "was to see who tried to provide an extra measure of safety," according to agency spokesman David Umansky. The Chevrolet Citation, Plymouth Horizon, and Ford Mustang were praised for doing well on the test. The Citation almost passed the test at 40 mph. "Failure" in the crash test meant that a passenger would have been killed or very seriously injured in a similar crash.

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 5 Chicago 2

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Nothing Compares 2 U--Sinéad O'Connor (2nd week at #1)

Personal
This blogger concluded a two-month term as museum assistant at Musee Heritage Museum in St. Albert, Alberta. It was an interesting and enjoyable job, and I was sorry to leave.

Diplomacy
South African Zulu chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi met with U.S. President George Bush in Washington and called on him to lift economic sanctions against South Africa.

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 2 @ Los Angeles 4

Because of fights mainly consisting of players milling around and waltzing, this may have been the longest game I’ve ever seen that was completed in regulation time.

25 years ago
1995

War
Ecuador and Peru signed the Montevideo Declaration, "reiterating their commitment to proceed to an immediate and effective ceasefire," and effectively ending the month-old Cenepa War.

Crime
Raul Salinas de Gortari, brother of former Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, was indicted for the September 1994 murder of Jose Francisco Ruiz Massieu, deputy leader of the country's governing Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Carlos Salinas de Gortari's term as President had expired in December 1994.

Scandal
A judicial report on sexual abuse of boys at Kingsclear Training Centre in New Brunswick was released; it was critical of bureaucratic indifference that had allowed abuse to continue for almost 30 years.

Politics and government
Former Australian Liberal Party leader John Hewson resigned from Parliament, almost two years after the Liberals had lost the 1993 federal election.

Former Tennessee Governor and U.S. Education Secretary Lamar Alexander announced that he would seek the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States in the 1996 election. He urged that many federal programs be eliminated and responsibility given to state governments.

20 years ago
2000

Scandal
British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) confirmed its chief executive, John Taylor, had resigned over the safety scandal that had attracted severe criticism from watchdogs. A report published the previous week by the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate confirmed that some safety records relating to a shipment of uranium and plutonium mixed oxide fuel to Japan had been faked at BNFL's Sellafield in Cumbria.

10 years ago
2010

Olympics
Closing ceremonies for the Winter Olympic Games were held at B.C. Place Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia.

February 27, 2020

1,640 years ago
380

Religion
Roman Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II issued the Edict of Thessalonica, declaring Nicene Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire.

520 years ago
1500

Born on this date
João de Castro. Governor and Viceroy of Portuguese India, 1545-1548. Dom de Castro was a Portuguese nobleman who participated in the Siege of Tunis (1535) and an expedition to Suez in 1540, making a detailed map of the latter. In 1543 he was given a command to clear the Atlantic European seas of pirates, and was sent to India in 1545 as Governor, being appointed Viceroy in 1547. Dom de Castro took a great interest in Indian culture and religion, and was widely mourned upon his death in office, after a long illness, on June 6, 1548 at the age of 48.

460 years ago
1560

War
The Duke of Norfolk, representing Queen Elizabeth I of England, and the rebellious Scottish Lords of the Congregation negotiated the Treaty of Berwick, agreeing on the terms under which an English fleet and army would come to Scotland to expel the French troops who were defending the Regency of Mary of Guise.

320 years ago
1700

Exploration
English explorer William Dampier discovered the largest island in what is now known as the Bismarck Archipelago, and named it Nova Britannia (New Britain).

300 years ago
1720

Died on this date
Samuel Parris, 66 or 67. English-born American clergyman. Rev. Parris, a Puritan, was appointed minister of Salem, Massachusetts in 1689, and was serving in that capacity during the Salem witch trials in 1692. His daughter Betty and niece Abigail Williams, accused the Parris's slave Tituba of being a witch, which started the accusations that culminated in the trials. Rev. Parris took an active part in the prosecutions, many of them against people with whom he had disputes. In 1693, Rev. Parris was himself was charged by his parish for his part in the trials; he apologized in an essay in 1694, and was vindicated in a church council. Rev. Parris had a dispute with his congregation over parsonage land, and resigned his office in 1696, apparently returning to business in Boston. He held several other pastoral positions in Massachusetts in later years.

160 years ago
1860

Politics and government
Abraham Lincoln, candidate for the 1860 Republican Party U.S. presidential nomination, delivered a speech at Cooper Union in New York City. Before the speech, Mr. Lincoln posed for a portrait by famed photographer Matthew Brady.

150 years ago
1870

Japanica
The current flag of Japan was first adopted, as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.

120 years ago
1900

War
British military leaders in South Africa received an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé in the Battle of Paardeberg.

Politics and government
The British Labour Party was founded as the climax of a conference at Congregational Memorial Hall in London.

Soccer
Fußball-Club Bayern München was founded.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Joan Bennett. U.S. actress. Miss Bennett appeared in more than 70 movies, but was probably best known for her co-starring roles in The Woman in the Window (1944) and Scarlet Street (1945). She died on December 7, 1990 at the age of 80.

Kelly Johnson. U.S. aeronautical engineer. Mr. Johnson designed over 40 aircraft, including the the Lockheed U-2 and Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. He died on December 21, 1990 at the age of 80.

Peter De Vries. U.S. author. Mr. De Vries wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1944-1987. His novels, which combined comedy and tragedy and were influenced by his Calvinist upbringing, included The Tunnel of Love (1954); The Blood of the Lamb (1961); Reuben, Reuben (1964); and Witch's Milk (1968). Mr. De Vries died on September 28, 1993 at the age of 83.

90 years ago
1930

Boxing
Jack Sharkey (34-8-1) scored a technical knockout of British Empire champion Phil Scott (64-11-4) in the 3rd round at Madison Square Garden Stadium in Miami in an elimination bout for the vacant world heavyweight title. Mr. Scott, who had a history of winning bouts by disqualification, claimed to have been fouled, but referee Lou Magnolia disallowed the claim. An examination by physicians of Mr. Scott after the fight revealed a hip injury.



80 years ago
1940

On the radio



War
The U.S.S.R. reported the first Soviet success since Christmas 1939 on the Petsamo front in Finland.

Politics and government
The New York State Assembly passed a resolution petitioning the United States Congress to pass a law prohibiting a third term for any President.

Through his supporters, U.S. Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner entered the race for New York delegates to the Democratic National Convention in the contest for the 1940 nomination for President of the United States.

Herman Laborde and Valentin Campa, president and secretary, respectively, of the Mexican Communist Party, were purged from the party.

Economics and finance
After months of negotiations, plans for the Inter-American Bank were finally approved by the Inter-American Financial and Economic Advisory Committee.

Science
Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discovered carbon-14.

75 years ago
1945

Politics and government
U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur turned control of the civil government of the Philippines over to President Sergio Osmena.

Law
The United States Senate Judiciary Committee decided to shelve all proposed constitutional amendments for the duration of World War II.

Defense
Major General Clayton Bissel, in charge of U.S. Army intelligence, and Assistant U.S. War Secretary John McCloy testified at a House of Representatives Military Affairs Committee investigation that they knew of no Communists who had been given commissions in the Army.

Labour
The U.S. National War Labor Board announced authorization of regional loans to permit payment of an hourly wage of 55c to eliminate rates that resulted in a low standard of living.

70 years ago
1950

On television tonight
Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Portrait of a Dead Man, starring Horace Braham and Richard Fraser

Literature
The Wall, a novel by John Hersey about the Warsaw Ghetto, was published in New York by Alfred A. Knopf.

Diplomacy
Canada and the United States signed a new 50-year treaty to preserve the scenic beauty of Niagara Falls, and increase the Niagara River power output.

The U.S. State Department forbade Americans to visit Bulgaria.

Defense
France asked the United States to give the pro-French Vietnamese government $30 million worth of military equipment.

Politics and government
Chilean President Gabriel Gonzalez Videla appointed a new cabinet to replace a 19-month-old emergency non-partisan government.

Iranian State Minister Ali Asghar Hemmat announced the dismissal of 60 high officials in the province of Azerbaijan for corruption and cruelty following the flight of 120,000 Azerbaijani peasants from mistreatment in their villages.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Boom Boom Baby--Crash Craddock (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Romantica--Tony Dallara (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Marina--Rocco Granata and the International Quintet (9th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Why--Anthony Newley (6th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Theme from "A Summer Place"--Percy Faith and his Orchestra
2 Handy Man--Jimmy Jones
3 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
4 He'll Have to Go--Jim Reeves
5 Running Bear--Johnny Preston
6 What in the World's Come Over You--Jack Scott
7 Beyond the Sea--Bobby Darin
8 Wild One--Bobby Rydell
9 Baby (You've Got What it Takes)--Dinah Washington & Brook Benton
10 Let it Be Me--The Everly Brothers

Singles entering the chart were Mama (#58)/Teddy (#91) by Connie Francis; Sink the Bismark by Johnny Horton (#81); El Matador (#83)/Home from the Hill (#98) by the Kingston Trio; Greenfields by the Brothers Four (#93); White Silver Sands by Bill Black's Combo (#94); I Love the Way You Love by Marv Johnson (#95); Little Susie (Parts 1 and 2) by the Ray Bryant Trio (#96); Stolen Angel by the Scott Brothers (#97); Cindy by Teddy Vann (#99); Just One Time by Don Gibson (#100); Suddenly by Nickey De Matteo (also #100); and String Along by Fabian (also #100).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Handy Man--Jimmy Jones
2 Teen Angel--Mark Dinning
3 Beatnik Fly--Johnny and the Hurricanes
4 Wild One--Bobby Rydell
5 Bad Boy--Marty Wilde
6 What in the World's Come Over You--Jack Scott
5 Little Bitty Girl/Wild One--Bobby Rydell
7 Snake in the Garden--Gerry Howard
8 Puppy Love--Paul Anka
9 Terry--Leigh Bell
10 He'll Have to Go--Jim Reeves

Singles entering the chart were China Doll by the Ames Brothers (#32); Tamiami by Bill Haley and his Comets (#40); Crazy Arms by Bob Beckham (#45); I Don't Know What it Is by the Bluenotes (#50); Baby (You've Got What it Takes) by Dinah Washington & Brook Benton (#52); What Do You Want by Adam Faith (#55); Teen-Ex by the Browns (#56); Am I that Easy to Forget by Debbie Reynolds (#57); Mountain of Love by Harold Dorman (#58); Greenfields by the Brothers Four (#59); and This Magic Moment by the Drifters (#60). Teen-Ex was the B-side of The Old Lamplighter, which had yet to chart.

Olympics
Men's hockey @ Blyth Arena, Squaw Valley, California
Final Round
C.S.S.R. (2-2) 9 West Germany (0-4) 1
U.S.A. (4-0) 3 U.S.S.R. (2-1-1) 2
Canada (3-1) 6 Sweden (0-3-1) 5

František Vaněk scored 2 goals and 3 assists, and Miroslav Vlach added 2 goals to help Czechoslovakia rout West Germany.

Bill Christian scored the tying goal at 11:01 of the 2nd period and the winning goal with 5:01 remaining in the game as the Americans came back from a 2-1 1st-period deficit to defeat the Soviets.



Jim Connelly's second goal of the game, with 2:29 remaining in the game, climaxed a 4-goal 3rd period as the Canadians came back from a 4-1 1st-period deficit to defeat the Swedes. Mr. Connelly scored his first goal of the game with 3:19 remaining in the 2nd period to make the score 4-2, and Bobby Rousseau scored at 3:11 of the 3rd period to make the score 4-3. Harry Sinden scored with 8:43 remaining to tie the score, but Lars-Eric Lundvall scored his third goal of the game 2:38 later to give Sweden a 5-4 lead. Moe Benoit tied the score 5-5 with 4:28 remaining.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Come and Get It--Badfinger (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)--Edison Lighthouse (4th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head--B.J. Thomas
2 Pretty Belinda--Chris Andrews
3 All I Have to Do is Dream--Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell
4 Venus--Shocking Blue
5 Without Love (There is Nothing)--Tom Jones
6 Don't Cry Daddy--Elvis Presley
7 The Liquidator--The Harry J. All Stars
8 Someday We'll Be Together--Diana Ross and the Supremes
9 Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin
10 Holly Holy--Neil Diamond

Singles entering the chart were Venus; Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes) by Edison Lighthouse (#16); and Two Little Boys by Rolf Harris (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Bridge Over Troubled Water--Simon & Garfunkel (2nd week at #1)
2 Travelin' Band/Who'll Stop the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 Spirit in the Sky--Norman Greenbaum
4 He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother--Hollies
5 If I were a Carpenter--Johnny Cash and June Carter
6 I'll Never Fall in Love Again--Dionne Warwick
7 Ma Belle Amie--The Tee Set
8 I Must Have Been Blind--The Collectors
9 Give Me Just a Little More Time--The Chairmen of the Board
10 Arizona--Mark Lindsay

Singles entering the chart were Celebrate by Three Dog Night (#22); Come and Get It by Badfinger (#24); House of the Rising Sun by Frijid Pink (#26); My Elusive Dreams by Bobby Vinton (#28); As Feelings Go by Spring (#29); and Walking Through the Country by the Grass Roots (#30).

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 Bridge Over Troubled Water--Simon & Garfunkel
2 Jennifer Tomkins--Street People
3 Ma Belle Amie--The Tee Set
4 The Rainmaker--Tom Northcott
5 Fancy--Bobbie Gentry
6 No Time--The Guess Who
7 Kentucky Rain--Elvis Presley
8 Who'll Stop the Rain/Travelin' Band--Creedence Clearwater Revival
9 Walk a Mile in My Shoes--Joe South and the Believers
10 Honey Come Back--Glen Campbell

Diplomacy
French President Georges Pompidou continued his visit to the United States with a tour of the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Kennedy, Florida.



The 14th ordinary session of the Organization of African Unity opened in Addis Ababa.

Protest
Students at the University of Manchester politely took over the administration building in a protest against the university’s files on students’ political activities. The U of M was the ninth of Britain’s 44 universities to have been the sites of demonstrations on the issue, with the occupation of the Manchester building the largest protest so far.

Disasters
A Ceylonese boat sank at Jaffna, drowning 61.

7 people were killed and 5 injured when a ski bus overturned near Saratoga Springs, New York.

40 years ago
1980

Died on this date
George Tobias, 78. U.S. actor. Mr. Tobias was a character actor in plays, movies, and television programs. He was best known for playing Abner Kravitz in the television comedy series Bewitched (1964-1971). Mr. Tobias died of cancer.

Terrorism
Leftist guerrillas seized the Dominican Republic’s embassy in Bogota, Colombia during a reception to mark the D.R.’s annual independence day. Dressed in joggers’ warmup suits with their weapons in gym bags, 17 guerrillas with the Movement of April 19 ran into the embassy. In the ensuing shootout with security guards, four people were wounded and one guerrilla killed. A large portion of Bogota’s diplomatic corps, including the U.S. ambassador and the papal nuncio, were taken hostage, as was the embassy staff. The guerrillas--subject along with other leftist groups to an intensive crackdown over the previous 18 months in which nearly 2,000 guerrilla suspects were seized--made the following demands: the release of political prisoners, including 311 from their movement; the publication in the main newspapers of the hostages’ countries of an April 19 manifesto; and payment of a $50-million ransom raised from the hostages’ countries. The April 19 Movement, also known as M-19, was a radical leftist (read: Marxist) group that had broken away from the youth movement of the National Popular Alliance of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla after he was defeated in the presidential election of April 19, 1970. Some of Gen. Pinilla’s followers made accusations of fraud and turned to terrorism.

World events
Kabul was reported back to normal after several days of strikes in protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and subsequent arrests of protesters.

30 years ago
1990

On television tonight
The Wonder Years, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Glee Club

Died on this date
Josephine Johnson, 79. U.S. authoress. Miss Johnson wrote several novels and numerous short stories. She won five O. Henry awards for her short stories, but is best known for being, at age 24, the youngest person to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, for her first novel, Now in November (1934).

Diplomacy
Recently-freed South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela went to Zambia to meet with African National Congress leaders, and was greeted by official delegations from many countries.

Politics and government
The Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. gave its approval to President Mikhail Gorbachev’s proposal for a popularly elected president having broad executive powers.

Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega said that Contra rebels would have to demobilize before the Sandanistas yielded control of the army and police. Violetta Chamorro, who had defeated Mr. Ortega in the general election two days earlier, called on the Contras to disband to help speed the transfer of power.

Environment
Exxon Corporation and Exxon Shipping were indicted on five criminal counts relating to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill off Alaska.

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy: Lick It--20 Fingers (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Zombie--Ororo (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Scatman (Ski Ba Bop Ba Dop Bop)--Scatman John

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Conquest of Paradise--Vangelis (3rd week at #1)

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Bang and Blame--R.E.M. (2nd week at #1)
2 Take a Bow--Madonna
3 When I Come Around--Green Day
4 Mishale--Andru Donalds
5 Strong Enough--Sheryl Crow
6 Buddy Holly--Weezer
7 She's a River--Simple Minds
8 On Bended Knee--Boyz II Men
9 The Ballad of Peter Pumpkinhead--Crash Test Dummies
10 Better Man--Pearl Jam

Singles entering the chart were Murder Incorporated by Bruce Springsteen (#60); She Forgot to Laugh by Rymes with Orange (#77); You Got It by Bonnie Raitt (#81); Thank You by Boyz II Men (#82); Come Back by Londonbeat (#83); We Celebrate by the Barra MacNeils (#84); Give Me a Reason to Stay by Freddy Curci (#87); Ode to My Family by the Cranberries (#88); Big Yellow Taxi by Amy Grant (#89); If You Don't Love Me (I’ll Kill Myself) by Pete Droge (#92); Until the End of Time by Foreigner (#93); Gotta Get Away by Oilspring (#95); and Letting Go by Julie Masse (#97).

War
1,800 U.S. Marines began coming ashore in Somalia to assist United Nations peacekeepers in their withdrawal. The UN was in the process of pulling its peacekeeping force out of Somalia after two years.

Terrorism
A terrorist explosion in a market in the city of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan left about 100 dead and 150 wounded.

Politics and government
Massachusetts Governor William Weld said that he would not run for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States in 1996.

Economics and finance
Canadian Finance Minister Paul Martin tabled his budget; he wanted to cut federal spending 8.8% and bring the deficit down to 3% of gross domestic product. Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard criticized the budget for cutting $765 million in transfer payments allocated to Quebec for health, education and social assistance.

Hockey
NHL
St. Louis 3 Toronto 2

20 years ago
2000

Soccer
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Final @ Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Canada 2 Colombia 0

Tournament organizers had been hoping for a final between the United States and Mexico, with an expected crowd of at least 70,000. However, they were disappointed by not only the matchup for the final, but by a steady rain, which kept the crowd closer to 7,000. It was the first time Canada had won the tournament, and may stand as the high point in the history of Canadian soccer. The cup itself is as big a trophy as I've ever seen.



10 years ago
2010

Disasters
An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale struck central parts of Chile, leaving over 500 victims, and thousands injured. The earthquake triggered a tsunami which struck Hawaii shortly after.

February 26, 2020

250 years ago
1770

Born on this date
Anton Reicha. Bohemian-born composer. Mr. Reicha was a flautist who was known for writing wind quintets. He was a theorist and teacher of composition; his students included Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz, and César Franck. Mr. Reicha was unwilling to have his compositions published, which contributed to the relative obscurity into which he ultimately fell.

Died on this date
Giuseppe Tartini, 77. Italian composer. Mr. Tartini was a violinist who wrote at least 135 concerti for the instrument. His best-known composition is the Devil's Trill Sonata.

170 years ago
1850

Died on this date
Daoguang, 67. Emperor of China, 1820-1850. Daoguang, born Aisin Gioro Mianning, acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Jiaqing. Daogang's reign was marked by the First Opium War (1839-1842) and the beginning of the Taipei Rebellion, which almost brought down the Qing dynasty. He was regarded as well-meaning but ineffective, and was succeeded by his eldest son Xianfeng.

150 years ago
1870

Transportation
A 312-foot-long pneumatic subway, the first in New York City, was opened; funding for a larger version never materialized.

120 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Halina Konopacka. Polish-born athlete and poet. Miss Konopacka won a bronze medal in the shot put and a gold medal in the discus throw at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg, and a gold medal in the discus throw at the 1930 Women's World Games in Prague. She won the gold medal in the women's discus throw competition at the 1928 Summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam. Miss Konopacka married former Polish Treasury Minister Ignacy Matuszewski in 1928; the couple emigrated to the United States in 1941. Miss Konopacka had poetry published in major magazines, and had at least one collection published. She died on January 28, 1989, 29 days before hier 89th birthday.

100 years ago
1920

At the movies
Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari), directed by Robert Wiene, and starring Werner Krauss and Conrad Veidt, received its premiere screening at the Marmorhaus theatre in Berlin.



Born on this date
Tony Randall. U.S. actor. Mr. Randall, born Aryeh Leonard Rosenberg, appeared in plays, films, and television programs in a career spanning six decades. He was best known for co-starring as Felix Unger in the television comedy series The Odd Couple (1970-1975), winning a Primetime Emmy Award in 1975. Mr. Randall's movies included The Mating Game (1959); Pillow Talk (1959); and 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964). He founded the National Actors Theatre in 1991, and earned a reputation as the greatest talk show guest in the history of television. Mr. Randall underwent coronary bypass surgery in December 1993, but developed pneumonia after the operation, and never left the hospital until his death on May 17, 2004 at the age of 84.

Danny Gardella. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Gardella was a left fielder with the New York Giants (1944-1945) and St. Louis Cardinals (1950), batting .267 with 24 home runs and 85 runs batted in in 169 games. In 1946 he was one of several major league players who jumped to the Mexican League, which was offering more money than the major leagues. Baseball Commissioner Happy Chandler responded with a five-year ban on players who jumped to the Mexican League for violating the reserve clause of their contracts. Mr. Gardella challenged the legality of the reserve clause in court, but accepted an offer of amnesty from Mr. Chandler in 1949. Mr. Gardella appeared in 1 game with the Cardinals in 1950, but was then sent back to the minor leagues, where he finished his career in 1951. He died on March 6, 2005, eight days after his 85th birthday.

90 years ago
1930

Died on this date
Mary Whiton Calkins 66. U.S. philosopher and psychologist. Professor Calkins taught Greek and philosophy at Wellesley College before studying psychology at Harvard University under William James. She returned to Wellesley College and taught psychology as part of the philosophy department. Prof. Calkins was known for her research on dreams, memory, and self-psychology. She was subject to much discrimination on account of her sex, most notably denial of a doctorate in Philosophy and Psychology from Harvard, despite earning all the requirements. Prof. Calkins was the first woman in the United States to establish a psychology laboratory (1891) and to be elected president of the American Psychological Association (1905) and president of the American Philosophical Association (1918), as well as being the first woman to hold positions in both associations. She retired in 1929 after teaching at Wellesley College for 40 years; despite Harvard's denial of her degree, Prof. Calkins is regarded as the first woman to get a doctorate in psychology.

80 years ago
1940

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Reigate Puzzle

Diplomacy
The Pan-American Neutrality Committee established sharp limitations on auxiliary ships of belligerent nations in American territorial waters.

U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles delivered a confidential message from U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in Rome.

Defense
The United States Air Defense Command was established at Mitchell Field on Long Island, New York.

Journalism
U.S. newsman James R. Young was indicted in Tokyo for violating the Japanese army code by disseminating slanderous material about the Japanese military.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that only the National Labor Relations Board, not labour unions, could take the initiative in compelling employers to comply with NLRB orders.

Medicine
Dr. H.J. Corper of National Jewish Hospital in Denver announced the isolation of a tuberculosis vaccine.

Academia
British philosopher Bertrand Russell was appointed a professor at City College of New York.

Education
The U.S. National Education Association's legislative committee charged that U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's policies toward public education were meaningless.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Rum and Coca-Cola--The Andrews Sisters (2nd week at #1)
--Abe Lyman and his Orchestra
--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
2 Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive--Johnny Mercer and the Pied Pipers with Paul Weston and His Orchestra
--Artie Shaw and his Orchestra
--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters
3 Don't Fence Me In--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Kate Smith
--Horace Heidt and his Musical Knights
4 Saturday Night (Is the Loneliest Night in the Week)--Frank Sinatra
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
5 I Dream of You (More than You Dream I Do)--Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra
--Andy Russell
--Frank Sinatra
--Perry Como
6 Confessin' (That I Love You)--Ella Fitzgerald and the Song Spinners
--Perry Como
7 I'm Making Believe--The Ink Spots and Ella Fitzgerald
8 There Goes that Song Again--Russ Morgan and his Orchestra
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Kay Kyser and his Orchestra
9 Cocktails for Two--Spike Jones and his City Slickers
10 Robin Hood--Les Brown and his Orchestra
--Tony Pastor and his Orchestra

Singles entering the chart were the versions of Rum and Coca-Cola by Abe Lyman and his Orchestra; and Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra; My Dreams are Getting Better All the Time, with versions by Les Brown and his Orchestra (vocal chorus by Doris Day); and the Phil Moore Four (#16); Candy, with versions by Johnny Mercer, Jo Stafford and the Pied Pipers with Paul Weston and His Orchestra; and Dinah Shore (#25); Guess I'll Hang My Tears Out to Dry by Harry James and his Orchestra (#27); Poor Little Rhode Island by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (#35); I Wanna Get Married by Gertrude Niesen (#36); and I Wonder, with versions by Louis Prima and his Orchestra; and Louis Armstrong and his Orchestra.

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax

War
Canadian Army Sergeant Aubrey Cosens was awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery in Rhine fighting. The Syrian Chamber of Deputies voted approval of a declaration of war against Germany and Japan. U.S. troops in Germany reached 10½ miles west of Cologne and opened artillery barrages against the city. U.S. Marine observation planes began operating from the southern airfield on Iwo Jima.

Diplomacy
The Allies returned the Algerian supply centre of Oran to the French.

Defense
U.S. Army Air Forces commanding General Hap Arnold warned in his annual report that the United States would be the first target in the next war, and that air power would be the next weapon.

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Hugh Butler (Republican--Nebraska) accused President Franklin D. Roosevelt of "secrecy," and demanded that he give Congress an account of the conduct of foreign policy, particularly at the recent Yalta Conference.

Economics and finance
At the Inter-American Conference in Mexico City, the U.S.A. proposed an "economic charter" designed to help the conversion to peacetime economies and raise living standards in the hemisphere.

Society
The U.S. nationwide midnight curfew on entertainment went into effect. In New York City, police were instructed to take the names and addresses of all people violating the curfew.

Labour
In accordance with the Smith-Connally Act, the United Mine Workers of America filed formal notice of a possible strike when contracts expired on March 31, 1945.

70 years ago
1950

Died on this date
Harry Lauder, 79. U.K. entertainer. Sir Harry, a native of Scotland, worked as a coal miner for 10 years before embarking as a singer and actor, becoming a popular music hall and vaudeville performer in Britain and other British Empire countries from the mid-1890s through the mid-1930s, coming out of semi-retirement to entertain troops during World War II. He wrote his own songs, and began making recordings in 1902, with his best-known song being Roamin' in the Gloamin' (1911). Sir Harry was the highest-paid performer in the world by 1911, and was the first British artist to sell a million records, doubling that total by 1928. He died after years of declining health.

World events
The Cairo Egyptian Gazette reported that King Imam Ahmed of Yemen had broken up a revolutionary plot led by his brother, former Education Minister Seif el Islam Ismail, who was now in jail.

Diplomacy
People's Republic of China Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) and Premier Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai) returned to China from their negotiations in the U.S.S.R.

Politics and government
Former U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace addressed the Progressive Party's second annual convention in Chicago, disavowing Communism, but assuring the party's Communists that they would not be purged.

Environment
Speaking at a University of Chicago Round Table Conference, four atomic scientists warned that the hydrogen bomb could be made to exterminate the world's entire population by enveloping the globe in radioactive dust.

Business
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission ordered the American Dental Association, six of its officers, and 143 manufacturers and distributors to end an alleged conspiracy to fix prices and curb competition in dental goods.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Why--Anthony Newley (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Why--Anthony Newley (3rd week at #1)

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: Mirror Image, starring Vera Miles and Martin Milner

Disasters
A New York-bound Alitalia airliner crashed into a cemetery in Shannon, Ireland shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 people on board.

Olympics
David Jenkins of the U.S.A. won the men's figure skating gold medal at the Winter Olympic Games in Squaw Valley, California. The audience gasped when Mr. Jenkins performed a spectacular "sit spin," fearing he was falling. Mr. Jenkins followed in the footsteps of his brother Hayes, who won the men's singles gold medal in the 1956 games in Cortina, Italy.



Boxing
Eddie Machen (32-2-1) scored a technical knockout of Billy Hunter (17-7-3) at 2:11 of the 9th round of a heavyweight bout at Madison Square Garden in New York.

50 years ago
1970

On television tonight
Dragnet 1970, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Burglary: The Dognappers



Music
The album Hey Jude by the Beatles was released on Apple Records. It was originally to be titled The Beatles Again, and that title appeared on the labels of early copies, including the one owned by this blogger.

Radio
The U.S. network National Public Radio was incorporated, replacing the National Educational Radio Network.

World events
In Saigon, a four-day sojourn in the National Assembly by an opposition deputy, Tran Ngoc Chau, ended when national policemen dragged him away to begin serving a 20-year prison sentence for pro-Communist activity. The arrest came in the face of a legal appeal, which was believed to entitle Mr. Chau to freedom pending a decision.

Politics and government
Senegalese President Léopold Sédar Senghor named Planning and Industry Minister Abdou Diouf as the nation's Prime Minister; the office was being restored after being abolished in 1963.

Terrorism
Jacques Lanctôt and Pierre Marcil were arrested in Montreal for possession of firearms and then released on bail. The Montreal police suspected a plot on their part to kidnap the Israeli consul in Montreal, Moïse Golan. Mr. Marcil was arrested again a month later in connection with this affair, while Mr. Lanctôt participated in the kidnapping of British Trade Commissioner James Cross in October 1970.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (Hot Press): Coward of the County--Kenny Rogers

World events
There were widespread arrests of Shiite Muslims in Afghanistan suspected of instigating anti-Soviet protests and strikes.

The five-man United Nations commission to investigate Iranian grievances against the deposed Shah received testimony from five Iranian jurists and more than 140 invalids who claimed to be victims of the shah’s regime. Ali Reza Nobari, the governor of Iran’s central bank, testified that "we have documents showing that the total amount of money plundered by the former imperial family was 500 billion rials," equivalent to U.S. $7.14 billion.

Politics and government
Former California Governor and current U.S. Republican Party presidential candidate Ronald Reagan fired his campaign manager, John Sears, who was opposed by conservatives in Mr. Reagan’s campaign for his attempts to moderate Mr. Reagan’s conservative image in order to broaden his support.

Mr. Reagan won the Republican presidential primary in New Hampshire with 50% of the vote; George Bush was second with 24%, followed by Howard Baker with 13% and John Anderson with 10%. Mr. Reagan won 15 delegates to the party’s national convention, while Mr. Bush won 5. President Jimmy Carter won the Democratic primary with 49% of the vote and 10 delegates to Sen. Ted Kennedy’s 38% and 9 delegates and Jerry Brown’s 10%.

Energy
U.S. Energy Department officials said that they foresaw the price of gasoline going to $1.50 per gallon by the end of the year.

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): No Titlist--Rie Miyazawa

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Pump ab Das Bier--Werner Wichtig (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Cornell Gunter, 53. U.S. singer. Mr. Gunter was an original member of the Platters in the early 1950s, before joining the Flairs, and later, the Coasters, with whom he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. He was shot to death in his car in Las Vegas.

Defense
The U.S.S.R. began pulling its 73,500 troops out of Czechoslovakia, agreeing to be out by July 1991.

Politics and government
Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega conceded defeat to Violetta Chamorro in the previous day’s general election.

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 2 @ Vancouver 5

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Tomorrow--Silverchair (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Old Pop in an Oak--Rednex (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Cotton Eye Joe--Rednex (14th week at #1)

Died on this date
Jack Clayton, 73. U.K. film director. Mr. Clayton directed just seven theatrical films, but they included Room at the Top (1959); The Innocents (1961); and The Great Gatsby (1974). He died of a heart attack three days before his 74th birthday.

Music
This blogger attended a matinee performance of the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra at the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium in Edmonton, with David Hoyt conducting. The guest soloist was violinist Leila Josefowicz.

Scandal
Barings Bank, the United Kingdom's oldest investment banking institute, collapsed after securities broker Nick Leeson lost $1.4 billion by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using futures contracts.

Economics and finance
China agreed to take a number of steps to enforce copyright laws and close down the illegal manufacturing of copies of U.S. motion picture and music recordings. The moves came before U.S. tariffs of as much as 100% went into effect on a wide range of goods imported from China.

20 years ago
2000

Died on this date
George L. Street III, 86. U.S. military officer. Captain Street was submariner with the U.S. Navy from 1941-1966. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions above and beyond the call of duty while commanding USS Tirante in March 1945, launching torpedoes that destroyed three Japanese ships in the Yellow Sea.

Scandal
The British government announced that it was suing former British spy David Shayler for breach of confidence over secret service files. Attempts at criminally prosecuting Mr. Shayler for violating the Official Secrets Act had so far proven unsuccessful. Mr. Shayler had fled to France in 1997, and was fighting British attempts to extradite him.

Skiing
Mélanie Turgeon, 23, of Alma, Québéc won a super-giant slalom World Cup race at Innsbruck, Austria, covering the course in 1 minute 32.23 seconds, 0.36 seconds ahead of Austria's Renate Goetschl.

February 25, 2020

450 years ago
1570

Religion
Pope Pius V excommunicated England's Queen Elizabeth I.

410 years ago
1610

Canadiana
Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt set sail from Dieppe, France for Acadia, to re-occupy the settlement of Port Royal in what is now Nova Scotia. On board was 17-year-old Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour, returning to Acadia for the second time.

175 years ago
1845

Born on this date
George Reid. Prime Minister of Australia, 1904-1905. Sir George, who was born in Scotland and moved to Australia as a child, led the Free Trade Party from 1891-1908 and went back and forth from state politics in New South Wales to federal politics, serving as Premier of New South Wales from 1894-1899. He was Prime Minister for just under 11 months during a time when protectionist parties were divided, without his party having a majority in either house of Parliament. When the protectionist parties were united, Sir George was soon voted out of office. He was Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1910-1916, and was then elected unopposed to the British House of Commons as a Unionist candidate, representing self-governing Dominions in supporting the Allied effort in World War I. Sir George died of a cerebral thrombosis on September 12, 1918 at the age of 73.

150 years ago
1870

Politics and government
Hiram R. Revels (Republican-Mississippi) became the first black member of the United States Senate as he was sworn in to fill a vacancy that had existed since Mississippi's secession from the Union in 1861. Mr. Revels had been elected to the U.S. Senate on January 25 by an 81-15 vote of the Mississippi State Senate, but was opposed by southern Democrats. The Republican-dominated U.S. Senate voted 48-8 in his favour on February 25, whereupon Mr. Revels was sworn in.

140 years ago
1880

Disasters
New Brunswick’s first Legislative Assembly building, Province Hall, was destroyed by fire in Fredericton. Located on the site of the current building, the cornerstone of Province Hall had been laid by Lieutenant-Governor Thomas Carleton in 1799.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Millicent Fenwick. U.S. politician. Mrs. Fenwick, a Republican, represented New Jersey's 5th District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975-1983 before serving as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture from 1983-1987. She died on September 16, 1992 at the age of 82.

Died on this date
Worthington Whittredge, 89. U.S. artist. Mr. Whittredge was a landscape painter of the Hudson River School.

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Philip Habib. U.S. diplomat. Mr. Habib was a career diplomat who was best known for his work as President Ronald Reagan's special envoy to the Middle East (1981–1983); in that role he averted an Israel-Syria war and an Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization war in 1981, and then negotiated a peaceful end to Israel's 1982 siege of Beirut. Mr. Habib died of a cardiac arrhythmia on May 25, 1992 at the age of 72, while on vacation in France.

Sun Myung Moon. Korean cult leader. Rev. Moon, whose birthday is also said to have been on January 6, 1920, was born Moon Yong Myeong in what is now North Korea and was raised in a Confucianist family who converted to Christianity when he was a child. He was imprisoned in a North Korean labour camp in the late 1940s, but escaped to South Korea in 1950, his internment having hardened him in to a staunch anti-Communist. In 1954, Rev. Moon formally founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity--popularly known as the Unification Church--in Seoul. He proclaimed that Jesus Christ was divine but no God, and had redeemed man spiritually, but because he hadn't married, had not therefore redeemed man physically. Rev. Moon taught that he and his second wife Hak Ja Han (he had previously been married and divorced) were humanity's "True Parents" who had come to link married families to God; the Unification Church became internationally known for its blessing ceremonies--often referred to as "mass weddings" for married couples. Rev. Moon moved to the United States in 1971, retaining his South Korean citizenship, and founded numerous front organizations and sponsored conferences featuring high-profile speakers, some of whom claimed unawareness of the true identity of the sponsor. The Unification Church's members, derisively referred to as "Moonies," practiced the doctrine of "heavenly deception," meaning that it was permissible to lie in order to serve the interests of Rev. Moon and the Unification Church. In 1982, Rev. Moon was convicted of conspiracy and filing false income tax returns in the United States, and served 13 months of an 18-month prison sentence. He received support during this time from both evangelical leaders and liberal churches. Rev. Moon also founded the Washington Times newspaper in 1982, using it to spread his views. Rev. Moon appeared to be correct in predicting the eventual fall of Communism, but was very wrong in claiming to be the Messiah and the Second Coming of Christ; the true Second Coming of Christ will occur when the Lord Jesus Christ returns. Rev. Moon died in South Korea on September 3, 2012 at the age of 92; he has been quiet since then, and is most likely still in his grave.

80 years ago
1940

On television tonight
The New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Canadiens 6-2 at Madison Square Garden in New York in the world's first televised hockey game, broadcast on Westinghouse station W2XBS-TV in New York.

War
Foreign ministers of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden announced that their countries would act as a unit to gain the belligerents' respect for their neutral rights. Japan began constructing extensive fortifications in the Shanghai and Tsingtao areas, indicating her desire to hold the Chinese sea coast.

Diplomacy
Francis B. Sayre, high commissioner of the Philippines, said that the United States would leave the islands as scheduled in 1946.

Politics and government
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt left his name on the Illinois Democratic primary ballot for President of the United States in 1940, to face Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner. In the Republican Party, New York District Attorney Thomas Dewey became the only candidate, as New York Congressman Hamilton Fish and New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia withdrew their names.

Economics and finance
The U.S. National Economy League issued a plan for a balanced federal budget of $7.282 billion.

75 years ago
1945

Radio
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's international shortwave service, Voice of Canada--later renamed Radio Canada International--officially opened in Ottawa.

War
The U.S. 1st Army took Dueren, while the 9th Army reported the capture of 15 other German towns. Soviet forces took the Pomeranian stronghold of Preussisch Friedland and sent tank spearheads to within 60 miles of the Baltic coast. Marianas-based U.S. bombers attacked Tokyo, destroying 240 square blocks of the city.

Politics and government
Rome reported an announcement issued by Harold Macmillan saying that the Allied Control Committee had relinquished control over liberated Italian territory, and that Italy could now appoint its own functionaries without committee approval except in cases of military necessity, which had to be approved by the Supreme Allied Commander.

Defense
Jack Woolams, chief test pilot with Bell Aircraft Corporation, flew the first prototype of Bell's new twin-jet fighter plane XP-83, and found it underpowered and unstable.

Aviation
Pan American Airways signed a contract in San Diego for 15 giant six-engined clippers from Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation for postwar travel abroad. The planes each weighed 160 tons; had a range of 4,200 miles; carried 204 passengers and 15,300 pounds of baggage; flew at 310-342 miles per hour; and could travel between London and New York in a little over nine hours.

Hockey
NHL
Maurice "Rocket" Richard scored his 45th goal of the season for the Montreal Canadiens in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs at the Montreal Forum. The goal, against goalie Frank McCool with about 3 minutes remaining in the game, gave Mr. Richard a league record for a single season, breaking the previous record of 44 set by Joe Malone of the Canadiens in 22 games in the NHL's first season, 1917-18.

70 years ago
1950

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): "A" You're Adorable--Perry Como and the Fontane Sisters; Tony Pastor (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy--Red Foley (Best Seller--2nd week at #1; Disc Jockey--1st week at #1; Jukebox--3rd week at #1);

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy--Red Foley
--Bing Crosby
2 Rag Mop--The Ames Brothers
--Ralph Flanagan and his Orchestra
--Lionel Hampton and his Orchestra
--Johnnie Lee Wills and his Boys
3 There’s No Tomorrow--Tony Martin
4 Dear Hearts and Gentle People--Bing Crosby
--Dinah Shore
5 Johnson Rag--Jack Teter Trio
--Jimmy Dorsey and his Original "Dorseyland" Jazz Band
--Russ Morgan and his Orchestra
6 The Old Master Painter--Dick Haymes
--Richard Hayes
--Phil Harris and his Orchestra
7 I Can Dream, Can’t I?--The Andrews Sisters
8 Music! Music! Music!--Teresa Brewer with the Dixieland All Stars
9 The Cry of the Wild Goose--Frankie Laine
10 I Said My Pajamas (And Put on My Pray’rs)--Tony Martin and Fran Warren

Singles entering the chart were Have I Told You Lately that I Love You? by Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters (#30); Big Movie Show in the Sky (#37)/The Yodel Blues (#39) by Bing Crosby; and Big Movie Show in the Sky (#37)/The Yodel Blues (#39) by the Modernaires (both sides charting with the versions by Bing Crosby). Have I Told You Lately that I Love You? was the other side of Quicksilver, charting at #17.

On television tonight
The variety program Your Show of Shows, starring Sid Caesar and Imogene Coca, was broadcast for the first time, as the second half of the two-hour program Saturday Night Review.

Died on this date
George Minot, 64. U.S. physician. Dr. Minot shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George Whipple and William Parry Murphy "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia." Dr. Minot began developing complications associated with diabetes in 1940, and suffered a serious stroke in 1947, which partially paralyzed him.

Defense
The U.S. Defense Department announced plans to buy more B-36 bombers and increase the size of Air Force B-29 groups from 30-65 planes each.

Politics and government
The U.S.S.R. announced the creation of a separate Navy Ministry under Admiral Ivan Yumashev. The Armed Forces Ministry became the Ministry of the Army.

Football
NFL
Doak Walker, who had starred as a halfback for three years at Southern Methodist University, signed a three-year contract with the Detroit Lions for $38,000.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Er du glad i meg ennå, Karl Johan?--Nora Brockstedt (3rd week at #1)

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Unhired Assassin: Part 1, with guest stars Joe Mantell, Claude Akins, and Robert Middleton

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): I Want You Back--The Jackson 5

On television tonight
Then Came Bronson, starring Michael Parks, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Still Waters

Diplomacy
French President Georges Pompidou addressed a joint session of the United States Congress, and received a courteous reception and a good turnout, despite a threatened boycott of some members.



War
U.S. Senator Charles Mathias (Republican--Maryland) charged that United States military activities in Laos clearly "violate the spirit" of Congressional measures seeking to bar the use of American ground troops in Laos. Sen. Mathias cited a report that hundreds of former Green Beret troops had been hired by the CIA to serve in Laos. Other Senators, Republican and Democratic, joined in the criticism.

Protest
In a second night of rioting, a student mob protesting the Vietnam war at the Santa Barbara campus of the University of California spread to the adjoining community of Isla Vista and burned down a Bank of America branch, along with other buildings and a police car. They also pelted police with bottles, bricks, and Molotov cocktails. After 26 policemen were injured and 36 people arrested, California Governor Ronald Reagan declared a state of "extreme emergency" and called in the National Guard. Earlier in the day, William Kunstler, chief attorney for the "Chicago Seven," had addressed the students, and Gov. Reagan asked the state’s attorney general to determine whether Mr. Kunstler had crossed state lines to incite a riot. The students said that the riots were in protest against the administration’s failure to reinstate a professor who had been fired and against alleged abuses, such as rent gouging, in the community.

Crime
After 12 days of unruly sessions in the preliminary hearings of 13 Black Panthers charged the previous April with plotting to bomb public places, possession of illegal weapons, attempted murder, and attempted arson, New York Supreme Court Justice John Murtagh ordered a recess until the defendants promised in writing that they would observe proper courtroom behaviour.

After nine hours of deliberation by an all-white jury, three white Detroit policemen and a Negro private guard were acquitted of conspiracy to violate the civil rights of 10 occupants of the Algiers Motel during the Detroit riots in which three Negro men were found dead in the motel annex on July 26, 1967. The acquitted were suspended patrolmen Ronald August, David Senak, and Robert Paille. The guard was Melvin Dismukes. The prosecution had charged the men with use of excessive force in obtaining information about sniping during the riots.

Politics and government
The United States Supreme Court voted 5-3 to require most--and possibly all--elected local governmental units to be elected according to nearly equal population districts. The ruling requiring one-man, one-vote was addressed to school board elections.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Crazy Little Thing Called Love--Queen

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Daitokai--Crystal King (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Man Gave Names to All the Animals--Bob Dylan (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Sun of Jamaica--Goombay Dance Band (3rd week at #1)

World events
The government of Suriname was overthrown by a military coup led by Dési Bouterse.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Jimmy Carter said that inflation had "reached a crisis stage," and pointed to the failure of Congress to adopt a comprehensive energy policy as a major cause of the situation.

Statistics on the clothing industry in Quebec reported that as of 1977, the province accounted for 64.1% of Canada's output. The sector was mainly concentrated in the Montreal region, and employed mainly a female workforce. In 1979, there were 1,500 establishments in the province of Quebec, providing employment to 61,194 people.

Hockey
NHL
The Edmonton Oilers traded right wing Bobby Schmautz to the Colorado Rockies for forward Don Ashby. Mr. Schmautz had begun the season with the Boston Bruins, and was traded to the Oilers on December 10, 1979. In 29 games with Edmonton he scored 8 goals and 8 assists. The trade reunited Mr. Schmautz with head coach Don Cherry, who had coached Mr. Schmautz with the Bruins from 1974-79. Mr. Ashby had been the Toronto Maple Leafs' first draft choice in 1975, but had never fulfilled the promise that the Maple Leafs had thought that he'd possessed. He had 1 assist in 11 games with the Rockies in 1979-80, and 27 goals and 27 assists in 45 games with the Fort Worth Texans of the Central Hockey League.

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Welcome to Our World--John Grenell (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Nothing Compares 2 U--Sinéad O'Connor

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Bakerman--Laid Back (2nd week at #1)
2 All Around the World--Lisa Stansfield
3 Get Up! (Before the Night is Over)--Technotronic
4 Sit and Wait--Sydney Youngblood
5 Rich in Paradise "Going Back to My Roots"--F.P.I. Project
6 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
7 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
8 Got to Get--Rob 'n' Raz featuring Leila K.
9 Leave a Light On--Belinda Carlisle
10 Nothing Compares 2 U--Sinéad O'Connor

The only single entering the chart was Nothing Compares 2 U.

Politics and government
The National Opposition Union (UNO) defeated the Sandanista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in the Nicaraguan general election, ending more than 10 years of Sandanista rule. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, who belonged to no party, defeated President Daniel Ortega 55%-41%, and the UNO also won more seats in the National Assembly, taking 51 of 92 seats to 39 for the Sandanistas. The 1978 assassination of Mrs. Chamorro’s husband, an editor, had helped to provoke the overthrow of the regime of President Anastasio Somoza by the Sandanistas in 1979, but Mrs. Chamorro, who initially supported the FSLN, turned against them as they shifted more toward Marxism. Dissatisfaction with the economy was regarded as the prime factor in the defeat of the Sandanistas. 2,000 foreign observers monitored the election. A few days before the election, the Edmonton Journal published an editorial warning the United States to abide by the results of the election; the Journal apparently wasn’t expecting the FSLN to lose.

Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa told provincial Liberals at a party general council meeting that Quebec would not return to the Canadian constitutional bargaining table if the Meech Lake accord failed. The party agreed to establish a committee to start examining the province’s options if the accord was not ratified by the June 25 deadline. Although he did not specifically advocate provincial independence if Meech Lake failed, Mr. Bourassa said that Quebec would not "practice federalism on our knees." Manitoba Premier Gary Filmon, whose province had not yet approved the accord, described Mr. Bourassa’s action as "sabre-rattling." Newfoundland Premier Clyde Wells said that Mr. Bourassa was bluffing, and that Newfoundland would not be influenced by the action.

Diplomacy
U.S. President George Bush and West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl concluded two days of talks. At a press conference they endorsed the concept of a united Germany within NATO. Mr. Bush said that the United States formally recognized the current German-Polish border. Some Poles were concerned that a united Germany might want to regain territory ceded to Poland after World War II.

Protest
Hundreds of thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators took to the streets in more than 30 cities in the U.S.S.R.

Hockey
NHL
Calgary 10 Edmonton 4

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): Another Night--Real McCoy (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Here Comes the Hotstepper--Ini Kamoze

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): A Girl Like You--Edwyn Collins (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Short Dick Man--Fingers featuring Gillette (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): No Limit--Irene Moors & de Smurfen (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Think Twice--Celine Dion (4th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Take a Bow--Madonna
2 Creep--TLC
3 On Bended Knee--Boyz II Men
4 Another Night--Real McCoy
5 Baby--Brandy
6 Candy Rain--Soul for Real
7 You Gotta Be--Des'ree
8 If You Love Me--Brownstone
9 Sukiyaki--4 P.M.
10 Hold My Hand--Hootie & the Blowfish

Singles entering the chart were Foe tha Love of $ by Bone Thugs-N-Harmony featuring Eazy-E (#48); Brooklyn Zoo by Ol' Dirty Bastard (#65); Shook Ones Part II by Mobb Deep (#66); Thank You by Boyz II Men (#73); I Live My Life for You by Firehouse (#76); 1-Luv by E-40 (featuring Leviti) (#92); This is How We Do It by Montell Jordan (#93) and Can't Wait by Redman (#94).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Take a Bow--Madonna (2nd week at #1)
2 Creep--TLC
3 On Bended Knee--Boyz II Men
4 Strong Enough--Sheryl Crow
5 If You Love Me--Brownstone
6 Hold My Hand--Hootie & the Blowfish
7 You Gotta Be--Des'ree
8 Every Day of the Week--Jade
9 I Know--Dionne Farris
10 Sukiyaki--4 P.M.

Singles entering the chart were If I Wanted To/Like the Way I Do by Melissa Etheridge (#16); Red Light Special by TLC (#45); Thank You by Boyz II Men (#50); If You Think You're Lonely Now by K-Ci Hailey of Jodeci (#60); Come Back by Londonbeat (#62); You Got It by Bonnie Raitt (#64); If You Don't Love Me (I’ll Kill Myself) by Pete Droge (#67); Dream About You/Funky Melody by Stevie B (#83); Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do) by Van Halen (#85); I Live My Life for You by Firehouse (#87); and Never Find Someone Like You by Keith Martin (#90).

Music
Frank Sinatra made his last appearance as a singer before an audience of 1,200 select guests at the Palm Desert Marriott Ballroom, on the last night of the Frank Sinatra Desert Classic golf tournament.

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 5 Winnipeg 2

20 years ago
2000

Crime
A jury of eight whites and four Negroes acquitted four white New York City police officers on all charges in the shooting death of Amadou Diallo in February 1999. Mr. Diallo, an unarmed Negro native of Guinea, was struck by 19 of 41 shots fired at him in the vestibule of his Bronx apartment building. He had begun to remove a wallet from his apartment; police said they thought it was a gun. The policemen were originally charged with two counts of second-degree murder, but lesser charges, including manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide, were added during the trial. The prosecution contended that the officers had fired at Mr. Diallo without identifying themselves or giving any verbal warnings. The defense denied this and called the incident a "tragedy, not a crime." The not-guilty verdict prompted demonstrations against the police in the Bronx and elsewhere.

Business
BCE Inc. announced an offer to buy the Canadian television network CTV for $2.3 billion.