April 27, 2008

250 years ago
1758

Died on this date
Jan Francisci, 66.. Slovak musician and composer. Mr. Francisci was a church organist in Pressburg (now Bratislava) and Neusohl in what is now Slovakia. He wrote works for organ and harpsichord, most of which have been lost.

490 years ago
1518

Diplomacy
The Treaty of St. Truiden, an anti-French Trapdoors/Bourgondisch covenant, was signed. I don't know who the anti-French Trapdoors or Bourgondisch were, but I do know this...

180 years ago
1828

Britannica
The Zoological Gardens at Regent's Park London, opened.

170 years ago
1838

Disasters
Fire destroyed half of Charleston, South Carolina.

100 years ago
1908

Olympics
The 4th modern Olympic games opened in London.

90 years ago
1918

Baseball
The New York Giants 9-0 start and the Brooklyn Dodgers 0-9 losing streak were both stopped, as the Dodgers won the opening game of a doubleheader 5-3, behind Larry Cheney's strong pitching.

80 years ago
1928

Aviation
The Ford relief plane, sent to aid the German Junker Bremen, which had been stranded on Greenly Island, near Newfoundland, since April 13, left Lake St. Agnes at 6:55 A.M. with the Bremen’s crew, as well as Miss Herta Junkers and C.J.V. Murphy of the New York World. The plane refuelled at Hartford, Connecticut, and landed at Curtiss Field, Long Island at 1:51 P.M. The passengers and crew then went to Washington by train. The body of Floyd Bennett, who had taken ill with pneumonia on the relief flight, arrived at New York from Quebec, and was taken by train to Washington, to be interred with military honours at Arlington National Cemetery.

75 years ago
1933

Science
Karl Jansky reported reception of a cosmic radio signal in Washington, D.C.

60 years ago
1948

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis, on MBS

War
An Arab legion attacked the Gesher bridge on the Jordan River.

50 years ago
1958

On the radio
The Hound of the Baskervilles, Part 4, starring Carleton Hobbs and Norman Shelley, on BBC Light Programme

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents on CBS
Tonight's episode: Death Sentence, starring James Best, Katharine Bard, and Steve Brodie

40 years ago
1968

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Lady Madonna/The Inner Light--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France: Delilah--Tom Jones (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Gimme Little Sign--Brenton Wood (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Mama--Heintje

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Congratulations--Cliff Richard

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Congratulations--Cliff Richard

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Honey--Bobby Goldsboro (3rd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Congratulations--Cliff Richard
2 Delilah--Tom Jones
3 Cinderella Rockefella--Esther and Abi Ofarim
4 If I were a Carpenter--The Four Tops
5 Kom Uit De Bedstee Mijn Liefste--Egbert Douwe
6 Lady Madonna--The Beatles
7 Rosie--Don Partridge
8 I've Just Lost Somebody--Golden Earrings
9 Jumbo/The Singer Sang His Song--The Bee Gees
10 (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay--Otis Redding

Singles entering the chart were La La La by Massiel (#23); Wonder Boy by the Kinks (#26); Take Time to Know Her by Percy Sledge (#35); Il est Cinq Heures, Paris S'éveille by Jacques Dutronc (#37); Quite Rightly So by Procol Harum (#39); and Ups and Downs by the Eddysons (#40).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Honey--Bobby Goldsboro (2nd week at #1)
2 Lady Madonna--The Beatles
3 Young Girl--The Union Gap
4 Cry Like a Baby--The Box Tops
5 The Mighty Quinn (Quinn the Eskimo)--Manfred Mann
6 The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde--Georgie Fame
7 A Beautiful Morning--The Rascals
8 Dance to the Music--Sly and the Family Stone
9 The Unicorn--The Irish Rovers
10 Valleri--The Monkees

Singles entering the chart were Mrs. Robinson by Simon and Garfunkel (#47); The Happy Song (Dum-Dum) by Otis Redding (#70); I Wish I Knew (How it Would Feel to Be Free) by Solomon Burke (#84); I Can Remember by James & Bobby Purify (#87); You Ain't Going Nowhere by the Byrds (#89); Impossible Mission (Mission Impossible) by the Soul Survivors (#93); Yummy Yummy Yummy by Ohio Express (#94); Friends by the Beach Boys (#96); Lili Marlene by Al Martino (#97); Cabaret by Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass (#98); A Dime a Dozen by Carla Thomas (#99); and Love Machine by the Roosters (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Honey--Bobby Goldsboro
2 Lady Madonna--The Beatles
3 Young Girl--The Union Gap
4 Cry Like a Baby--The Box Tops
5 Scarborough Fair (/Canticle)--Simon & Garfunkel
6 Cinderella Rockefella--Esther and Abi Ofarim
7 Valleri--The Monkees
8 Playboy--Gene and Debbe
9 Summertime Blues--Blue Cheer
10 The Legend of Xanadu--Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich

Singles entering the chart were Sleepy Joe by Herman's Hermits (#80); You'll Never Walk Alone by Elvis Presley (#81); If I were a Carpenter by the Four Tops (#82); Mrs. Robinson by Simon and Garfunkel (#83); Let's Get Together by 3's a Crowd (#85); I Promise to Wait My Love by Martha Reeves and the Vandellas (#88); Soul Train by the Classics IV (#89); I am the Man for You Baby by Edwin Starr (#91); Chain Gang by Jackie Wilson and Count Basie (#92); Can I Carry Your Balloon by the Swampseeds (#93); May I Take a Giant Step by the 1910 Fruitgum Company (#94); Here's to You by Hamilton Camp (#95); Harlem Lady by the Witness, Inc. (#96); Holy Man by Scott McKenzie (#97); and Love in Them There Hills by the Vibrations (#100).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Honey--Bobby Goldsboro (2nd week at #1)
2 Young Girl--The Union Gap
3 The Unknown Soldier--The Doors
4 The Good, the Bad and the Ugly--Hugo Montenegro, his Orchestra and Chorus
5 Call Me Lightning--The Who
6 The Unicorn--The Irish Rovers
7 Black Day in July--Gordon Lightfoot
8 Love is All Around--The Troggs
9 Playboy--Gene and Debbe
10 Lady Madonna/The Inner Light--The Beatles

Singles entering the chart were Angel of the Morning by Merrilee Rush and the Turnabouts (#28); Louisiana Man by Bobbie Gentry (#29); and Here's to You by Hamilton Camp (#30).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 A Question of Temperature--Balloon Farm
2 Love is All Around--The Troggs
3 Young Girl--The Union Gap
4 I Love You--People
5 Lady Madonna--The Beatles
6 I Can't Make it Anymore--The Original Caste
7 Forever Came Today--Diana Ross and the Supremes
8 Goin' Away--The Fireballs
9 Cry Like a Baby--The Box Tops
10 Valleri--The Monkees
Pick hit of the week: Look to Your Soul--Johnny Rivers

Theatre
The musical I'm Solomon, with music by Ernest Gold, and starring Dick Shawn and Carmen Mathews, closed at the Mark Hellinger Theater on Broadway in New York City after 9 previews and 7 performances, four days after its opening.

War
In a bid to foment new fighting, North Korean troops attacked United Nations troops near the Demilitarized Zone, killing two South Korean soldiers and wounding two Americans.

Seven days of Nigerian government bombing raids against Ibo refugees in secessionist Biafra concluded, with about 300 killed. The pilots, believed to be Egyptian and Sudanese, flew Russian MiG and Czechoslovakian Delfin jets.

Diplomacy
The United Nations Security Council urged the cancellation of a military parade in Jerusalem scheduled for May 2 to mark Israel's 20th anniversary.

Politics and government
U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey officially declared that he was seeking the Democratic presidential nomination. Mr. Humphrey, who made the announcement on a nationally-televised program before 1,700 friends and supporters since it was too late to enter the primary races, called for "a new American patriotism."

The Congress of Political Party Radicals (PPR) was formed in the Netherlands.

Disasters
A biplane in an air show near San Luis Obispo, California crashed, killing four people.

Boxing
Jimmy Ellis (26-5) won a 15-round majority decision over Jerry Quarry (26-2-4) at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Arena to win the World Boxing Association world heavyweight title, which had been vacant since Muhammad Ali had been stripped of the belt a year earlier for refusing induction into the U.S. Army. On the undercard, Henry Clark (15-3-2) won a 10-round majority decision over Leotis Martin (25-4) in another heavyweight bout.



Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Minnesota 3 @ St. Louis 4 (Best-of-seven series tied 2-2)

Gary Sabourin scored at 1:32 of the 1st overtime period to give the Blues their win over the North Stars at St. Louis Arena.

CPHL
Adams Cup
Finals
Tulsa 5 @ Fort Worth 4 (Tulsa won best-of-seven series 4-0)

Basketball
ABA
Finals
New Orleans 111 @ Pittsburgh 108 (New Orleans led best-of-seven series 3-2)

Baseball
Tom Phoebus of the Baltimore Orioles pitched a no-hitter against the visiting Boston Red Sox at Memorial Stadium. Third baseman Brooks Robinson drove in three runs and made a great catch to rob Rico Petrocelli of a hit in the eighth inning as the Orioles won 6-0.

30 years ago
1978

World events
A pro-Soviet military junta overthrew the government of President Mohmmad Daud Khan of Afghanistan. President Daud, who himself had come to power in a coup in 1973, was killed resisting the coup against him.

Diplomacy
Cuban dictator Fidel Castro concluded a week of meetings with Ethiopian dictator Lieutenant Cololnel Mengistu Haile Mariam. The two main secessionist guerrilla groups in the Ethiopian province of Eritrea, the Eritrean Liberation Front and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, agreed to merge forces.

Disasters
Scaffolding inside a cooling tower being built for a utility company in West Virginia collapsed, throwing 51 workers 170 feet to their deaths.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Quarter-Finals
New York Islanders 2 @ Toronto 5 (Best-of-seven series tied 3-3)

The Maple Leafs scored 4 goals in the 1st period and coasted to victory over the Islanders at Maple Leaf Gardens.



Baseball
In the 14th annual Mayor's Trophy Game, the New York Yankees beat the New York Mets 4-3 in 11 innings.

25 years ago
1983

Baseball
Nolan Ryan of the Houston Astros fanned Brad Mills of the Montreal Expos at Olympic Stadium in Montreal for his 3,509th career strikeout, passing Walter Johnson for first place on the career list. The Astros won 4-2.

Diplomacy
Soviet leader Yuri Andropov proposed an international agreement that would keep outer space free from weapons, probaly in reaction to U.S. President Ronald Reagan’s recent announcement of the Strategic Defense Initiative.

Defense
U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz, in Israel, received a briefing on a large Soviet military buildup in Syria.

Politics and government
U.S. President Ronald Reagan took the unusual step of addressing a joint session of Congress on a foreign policy issue. He appealed for approval of his requests for economic and military assistance to Central America, stressing the region’s proximity to the United States, adding that it was vital to American interests. While acknowledging that the government of El Salvador had human rights problems, the President said that El Salvador was making progress in democracy and land reform, and that the Marxists were seeking to destabilize the country and its neighbours. President Reagan also accused Nicaragua of stirring up trouble in the area. The President received heavy applause when he said that he had "no thought of sending American combat troops" into Central America. Senator Christopher Dodd, replying for the Democrats, called for negotiated settlements for the region, and said that the Reagan administration did not understand the causes of conflict in Central America.

20 years ago
1988

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Maybe We're About to Fall in Love--Tommy Nilsson

Londonia
The London chapter (now the Southwestern Ontario Chapter) of the Ontario Association of Archivists (now the Archives Association of Ontario) was formed at a meeting on the campus of the University of Western Ontario. This blogger was one of those in attendance.

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney arrived in Washington for his fourth and final summit conference with U.S. President Ronald Reagan. In an address to Congress, Mr. Mulroney urged approval of a bilateral agreement on control of acid rain, and he called on Congress to ratify the U.S.-Canada free trade agreement. At his meeting with Mr. Reagan, the Prime Minister asked the President to set a timetable for banning sulfurous emissions in the United States that many experts--though not those in the Reagan administration--believed were the cause of acid rain. President Reagan said that the United States would not oppose the transfer of nuclear reactor technology, clearing the way for Canada to purchase British nuclear submarines.

10 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Carlos Castaneda, 72. Peruvian-born U.S. anthropologist. Dr. Castaneda became popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s for books in which he detailed his encounters with a Yaqui Indian shaman from Mexico named don Juan Matus. As a graduate student in anthropology at University of California at Los Angeles, Mr. Castaneda published The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge in 1968. Subsequent books included A Separate Reality (1971); Journey to Ixtlan (1972); and Tales of Power (1974). Since Dr. Castaneda’s writings resulted from the use of psychotropic plants, there’s always been some dispute as to whether his stories were fact or fiction. Was don Juan Matus an actual shaman, or was he just a demon that appeared to Dr. Castaneda when he went on his drug trips? In his later years, Dr. Castaneda promoted Tensegrity, a variety of body movements that he said had been passed down through 25 generations of Toltec shamans. Some have called Carlos Castaneda "The Godfather of the New Age."

Law
In the U.S.A., an appeals court in Cincinnati ruled that restrictions on campaign spending were an unconstitutional limitation on freedom of speech.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference
Quarter-Finals
Pittsburgh 1 @ Montreal 3 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Philadelphia 1 @ Buffalo 6 (Buffalo led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Western Conference
Quarter-Finals
St. Louis 4 @ Los Angeles 3 (St. Louis led best-of-seven series 3-0)

Basketball
NBA
Playoffs
Eastern Conference
First Round
Indiana 77 @ Cleveland 86 (Indiana led best-of-five series 2-1)

Western Conference
First Round
Phoenix 88 @ San Antonio 100 (San Antonio led best-of-five series 2-1)

April 26, 2008

530 years ago
1478

World events
The so-called "Pazzi Conspiracy" against the Medici family for control of Tuscany was put into action in Florence. On Sunday, during High Mass at the Duomo before a crowd of 10,000, Giuliano de' Medici was stabbed 19 times by a gang that included a priest, and bled to death on the cathedral floor. His brother Lorenzo escaped with serious, but non life-threatening wounds. The coup d'état attempt failed, and a mob seized and killed the conspirators. Jacopo de' Pazzi was defenestrated, finished off by the mob, and dragged naked through the streets and thrown into the Arno River. To quote Alfred Hitchcock (out of context), "They were quite droll in those days."

180 years ago
1828

War
Russia declared war on Turkey to support Greece's independence.

120 years ago
1888

Born on this date
Anita Loos. U.S. authoress. Miss Loos, who wrote short stories, non-fiction, and screenplays, was best known for her comic novel Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1925). She died on August 18, 1981 at the age of 93.

90 years ago
1918

Born on this date
Fanny Blankers-Koen. Dutch athlete. Mrs. Blankers-Koen, nicknamed "The Flying Housewife," won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympic Games in London: Womens' 100-metre run; 200-metre run; 80-metre hurdles; and 4 x 100-metre relay. She won two gold medals in the 1946 European Championships and three more in the 1950 European Championships. In 1999, Mrs. Blankers-Koen was voted "Female Athlete of the Century" by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). She died of Alzheimer's disease on January 25, 2004 at the age of 85.

Abominations
Women in Nova Scotia were awarded the right to vote and hold provincial office.

Labour
American Federation of Labor President Samuel Gompers took advantage of his visit to Canada to promote labour participation in the war effort. After addressing the House of Commons in Ottawa, Mr. Gompers ended his tour of a few days with a visit to Montreal, speaking at the Canadian Club of Montreal and the workers at the Monument National. Several labour movements denounced the presence of the President of the AFL, calling it an interference in Canadian affairs.

80 years ago
1928

Died on this date
Mrs. W.T. Hobart, 68. U.S. missionary. Mrs. Hobart, a Methodist from Flushing, New York, was killed by a sniper during the Chinese civil war at Taian, near Tsinan.

Aviation
Baron von Huenefeld, Captain Koehl, and Major Fitzmaurice of the German Junker Bremen, which had been stranded on Greenly Island for 13 days since landing there on an attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean from Dublin to New York, were taken to Lake St. Agnes, Murray Bay by a Ford relief plane. The Bremen was left at Greenly Island.

Adventure
Toichio Araki, who had left Tokyo heading east on April 6, arrived in London. Ryvkichi Matsui, who had left Tokyo the same day as Mr. Araki, but heading west, arrived in Berlin.

Britannica
Madame Tussaud's waxwork exhibition opened in London.

Business
The Pennsylvania Railroad announced that it had acquired, for about $63 million the Delaware & Hudson Company’s stock of the Wabash and Lehigh Valley Lines.

75 years ago
1933

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Typewritten Will

Abominations
Jewish students were barred from school in Germany.

70 years ago
1938

World events
Austrian Jews were required to register property above 5,000 Reichsmarks.

60 years ago
1948

War
U.S. President Harry Truman ordered the release of Ernest Burger and George Dasch, German saboteurs who had landed in the United States in 1942 and had subsequently offered information on fellow conspirators to U.S. authorities. The two were to be deported to Germany.

Diplomacy
King Abdullah el Hussein of Transjordan claimed control of all Palestine after British withdrawal, offering Jews a national area as part of their citizenship rights.

The U.S. Senate confirmed Commerce Secretary Averell Harriman as U.S. special envoy to European states participating in the Marshall Plan.

Politics and government
The Jewish National Council in Tel Aviv announce the creation of a provisional cabinet, to assume control over Jewish areas of Palestine following British withdrawal. David Ben-Gurion was designated as Prime Minister and Defense Minister, with Moshe Shertok as Foreign Minister.

U.S. President Truman named General Francis Newcomer Governor of the Panama Canal Zone.

Economics and finance
The first Germans to take part in a post-World War II international conference arrived in Paris to advise the Organization of European Economic Cooperation on German participation in the Marshall Plan.

Crime
A court in Ljublijana sentenced 11 Yugoslavian officials to death and 4 others to imprisonment as Anglo-American spies.

Law
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter named William T. Coleman as his law clerk, the first Negro lawyer to be awarded such a post.

Energy
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission announced plans to construct a $9-million cyclotron, the world's largest, at the University of California at Berkeley.

50 years ago
1958

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Catch a Falling Star--Perry Como (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): March from the River Kwai and Colonel Bogey--Mitch Miller and his Orchestra (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Hello, le soleil brille--Annie Cordy (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Whole Lotta Woman--Marvin Rainwater (2nd week at #1)

U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 He's Got the Whole World (In His Hands)--Laurie London (2nd week at #1)
2 Twilight Time--The Platters
3 Witch Doctor--David Seville
4 Tequila--The Champs
5 Lollipop--The Chordettes
--Ronald and Ruby
6 Return to Me--Dean Martin
7 Wear My Ring Around Your Neck--Elvis Presley
8 Who's Sorry Now--Connie Francis
9 All I Have to Do is Dream--The Everly Brothers
10 Book of Love--The Monotones

Singles entering the chart were Johnny B. Goode by Chuck Berry (#33); You by the Aquatones (#39); Rumble by Link Wray and his Ray Men (#43); Torero by Renato Carosone (#52); That Crazy Feeling by Kenny Rogers (#54); When the Boys Talk About the Girls by Valerie Carr (#58); Talk to Me, Talk to Me by Little Willie John (#60); and Sick and Tired by Fats Domino (also #60).

Defense
U.S. delegate Henry Cabot Lodge submitted to the United Nations Security Council an American proposal for the establishment of an international inspection zone in the Arctic to guard against "massive surprise attack" by U.S. or U.S.S.R. bombers and missiles.

Captain W.W. Hollister of the Naval Ordnance Test Station at China Lake, California announced than an unmanned rocket sled at the testing grounds had attained a record ground speed of 2,704 miles per hour.

Politics and government
Cuban President Fulgencio Batista again suspended constitutional guarantees for 45 days.

Germanica
Following a meeting with West German Chancellof Konrad Adenauer, U.S.S.R. First Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan told a Bonn news conference that the 1955 Geneva Conference agreements on German reunification through free elections could no longer be considered effective or binding.

Transportation
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue, one of the first major railway electrification systems in the United States, made its final run.

40 years ago
1968

Hit parade
Edmonton’s top 10 (CJCA)
1 Love is All Around--The Troggs
2 The Good, the Bad and the Ugly--Hugo Montenegro, his Orchestra and Chorus
3 Honey--Bobby Goldsboro
4 Jennifer Eccles--The Hollies
5 Lady Madonna--The Beatles
6 Summertime Blues--Blue Cheer
7 Call Me Lightning--The Who
8 The Unknown Soldier--The Doors
9 Young Girl--The Union Gap
10 Take Time to Know Her--Percy Sledge
Pick of the Week: Mony Mony--Tommy James and the Shondells
New this week: Baby, Make your Own Sweet Music--Jay and the Techniques
I am the Man for You, Baby--Edwin Starr
Tip-Toe Thru' the Tulips with Me--Tiny Tim
Chain Around the Flowers--The Lewis and Clarke Expedition

War
Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayan warned that the Jordan Valley would become a battlefield if Jordan did not curb the saboteurs currently plaguing Israel.

Defense
The United States performed an underground nuclear test--Boxcar--a 1-megaton device at the Nevada test site.

Politics and government
Siaka P. Stevens took office as Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, eight days after Army mutineers had seized power in a coup.

Marvin Watson took office as U.S. Postmaster General, succeeding Lawrence O'Brien.

Protest
Student protesters at Columbia University took over a fifth building since the beginning of unrest two days earlier. Classes were cancelled and the campus was sealed off after 250 Negro high school students invaded the area shouting "Black Power." The protesters now numbered about 700. The university administration announced suspension of work on a gymnasium in Morningside Park, the proposed construction of which had ostensibly sparked the protests in the first place.

In Columbus, Ohio, student protesters seized the administration building at Ohio State University.

Energy
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau granted long-term interest-free loan to Ghana, Togo, and Dahomey for an electric power grid; it was the largest Canadian project in Africa.

Basketball
NBA
Finals
Boston 127 @ Los Angeles 119 (Boston led best-of-seven series 2-1)

30 years ago
1978

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Night Fever--Bee Gees (2nd week at #1)

Diplomacy
Arkady N. Shevchenko, a top-ranking Soviet official in the United Nations Secretariat who had defected on April 10, applied for asylum in the United States and announced that he was resigning his UN post. He had originally tried to retain his post even after his defection, but the U.S.S.R. insisted that he be replaced.

Politics and government
Hans Brunhart took office as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein.

Scandal
Former United States Budget Director Bert Lance was charged by the Securities Exchange Commission with civil fraud and "unsafe and unsound banking practices and financial irregularities." Also charged were the Calhoun First National Bank and the National Bank of Georgia, the two banks that Mr. Lance had headed before joining the Carter administration. Mr. Lance and the banks settled the complaint as soon as it was filed by promising not to violate, in the future, the laws cited in the complaint, but neither denied nor admitted guilt.

Crime
Michael Townley, a 35-year-old American, was charged in Washington, D.C., with conspiracy in the 1976 murder of Orlando Lelelier, former Chilean ambassador to the United States. Mr. Townley had been extradited from Chile on April 8.

Economics and finance
April 26 marked the end of a 10-day (starting April 13) trading period at the New York Stock Exchange that saw a record 431.88 million shares traded, and a 62-point rise in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Business
The Quebec National Assembly passed a resolution deploring the vote by stockholders of Sun Life Assurance Company to move their head office from Montreal to Toronto.

Basketball
NBA
Western Conference
Semi-Finals
Portland 98 @ Seattle 100 (Seattle led best-of-seven series 3-1)

25 years ago
1983

Died on this date
Bronislau Kaper, 81. Polish-born U.S. composer. Mr. Kaper grew up in Poland, but moved to Berlin as a student, and fled to France when the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933. When Hollywood mogul Louis B. Mayer was on vacation in 1935, he heard one of Mr. Kaper’s songs, and brought the composer to America, signing him for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Mr. Kaper wrote the music for over 100 movies, including San Francisco (1936); Gaslight (1944); The Stranger (1946); Green Dolphin Street (1947); Act of Violence (1949); Them! (1954); The Brothers Karamazov (1958); Home From the Hill (1960); and Lord Jim (1965). He was nominated for an Academy Award for Music (Scoring of a Musical Picture) for The Chocolate Soldier (1941), and won the Oscar for Music (Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture) for Lili (1953). Mr. Kaper received two Oscar nominations for the 1962 version of Mutiny on the Bounty: Music (Original Song) for Love Song From Mutiny on the Bounty (Follow Me); and Music (Score--Substantially Original). For many moviegoers and critics, Mr. Kaper’s score for Mutiny on the Bounty was the best part of the film. He also wrote the theme music for the CBS television series The F.B.I., which ran from 1965-1974.

Education
The 18-member National Commission on Excellence in Education, created by United States Secretary of Education Terrel Bell in 1981, issued its report, A Nation at Risk. The panel said that the decline of the schools "threatens our very future as a nation and a people." The report found that students were falling behind their contemporaries in other industrialized nations in academic skills. Arguing that excellence was less expensive than mediocrity, the report called on the public to provide the money needed to turn the situation around. The panel recommended that schools put more emphasis on English, mathematics, science, social studies, and compute science; that the school day and the school year be lengthened; that teachers be rewarded for merit rather than seniority; and that colleges raise their admission standards.

Economics and finance
The Dow Jones Industrial Average broke 1,200 for the first time.

Politics and government
San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein won an overwhelming victory in a recall election.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Prince of Wales Conference Finals
New York Islanders 5 @ Boston 2 (New York led best-of-seven series 1-0)

20 years ago
1988

Politics and government
In the Manitoba provincial election, the governing New Democratic Party, under Premier Gary Doer, lost to the Progressive Conservatives, led by Gary Filmon. The PCs took 25 seats; the Liberals, led by Sharon Carstairs, took 20 seats to become the official Opposition; and the NDP was reduced to 12 seats. Mr. Doer was elected to his party's leadership during the provincial election campaign after Howard Pawley resigned the day after the NDP government was defeated in an attempt to pass the budget.

In the contests for the 1988 United States presidential nominations, Vice-President George Bush mathematically clinched the Republican nomination with a victory in the Pennsylvania primary. He now had 1,144 pledged delegates, 5 more than the minimum needed. Michael Dukakis won the Democratic primary, taking 67% of the vote to Jesse Jackson’s 27%. For the first time, Mr. Dukakis had opened a large lead over Rev. Jackson: 1,250 delegates to 850, with 2,081 needed in order to clinch the nomination.

Labour
A strike of about 15,000 workers began at the Lenin steel mill near Krakow, Poland.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Prince of Wales Conference
Division Finals
Boston 4 @ Montreal 1 (Boston won best-of-seven series 4-1)
New Jersey 3 @ Washington 1 (New Jersey led best-of-seven series 3-2)

The Bruins' win over the Canadiens at the Montreal Forum marked the first time in 45 years (and 18 series) that the Bruins had taken a playoff series from the Canadiens.

Basketball
NBA
The National Basketball Association approved the addition of a third referee for games in the 1988-89 season.

Baseball
New York Mets’ first baseman Keith Hernandez hit a pair of home runs and drove in 7 runs during a 13-4 rout of the Atlanta Braves before 10,405 fans at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. The 7 RBIs gave Mr. Hernandez 1,000 for his major league career. The Mets broke a 4-4 tie with 2 runs in the 7th inning and 7 in the 8th. Davey Johnson became the second manager to record 400 victories in his first 4 years (Al Lopez was the first). Dwight Gooden pitched a 10-hit complete game to improve his record for the season to 5-0.

Mike Scott allowed 3 hits and 1 earned run in 8 innings to improve his 1988 record to 4-0 as the Houston Astros defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 3-1 before 13,152 fans at the Astrodome.

John Smiley allowed 4 hits in 8 2/3 innings and batted 2 for 3, singling in the winning run in the 5th inning, to win the pitchers' duel over Rick Reuschel as the Pittsburgh Pirates shut out the San Francisco Giants 2-0 before 11,738 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco.

Carmelo Martinez hit a home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 7th inning for the game's only run as the San Diego Padres edged the St. Louis Cardinals 1-0 before 15,553 fans at Jack Murphy-San Diego Stadium. Eric Show allowed 10 hits in pitching a shutout, but didn't walk a batter, and the Padres executed 4 double plays. St. Louis starting pitcher John Tudor allowed 4 hits in 6 innings, but was relieved by Randy O'Neal, who took the loss.

Mark McGwire hit a 3-run home run in the 8th inning to break a 1-1 tie and singled in another run in the 9th as the Oakland Athletics beat the Toronto Blue Jays 6-1 before 21,280 fans at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto. Mr. McGwire's homer came off David Wells, who had just entered the game in relief of Dave Stieb, who was charged with the loss. Storm Davis allowed 4 hits and 1 earned run in 7 innings to get the win.

Don Slaught led off the bottom of the 8th inning with a home run that broke a 4-4 tie and held up as the winning run as the New York Yankees edged the Kansas City Royals 5-4 before 20,364 fans at Yankee Stadium. Losing pitcher Charlie Leibrandt allowed just 4 hits and 1 base on balls, but 3 of the hits were home runs, and all 5 baserunners ended up scoring.

Jeff Robinson pitched a 6-hitter and Gary Pettis drove in 3 runs with a pair of singles as the Detroit Tigers blanked the California Angels 6-0 before 11,973 fans at Tiger Stadium.

Joe Carter hit 2 home runs and batted in 5 runs, and Brook Jacoby and Jay Bell each added 3 RBIs as the Cleveland Indians beat the Seattle Mariners 12-6 before 6,690 fans at Cleveland Stadium. Tom Candiotti pitched a complete game victory, with 10 strikeouts, despite allowing 12 hits and 6 earned runs.

Juan Guzman pitched a 3-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Chris Bosio as the Texas Rangers defeated the Milwaukee Brewers 3-1 before 27,941 fans at Arlington Stadium.

10 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Juan José Gerardi Conedera, 75. Guatemalan clergyman. Roman Catholic Auxiliary Bishop Gerardi, a leading Guatemalan human rights activist, was bludgeoned to death with a concrete slab, two days after a report he'd compiled on atrocities during Guatemala's 36-year civil war was made public. Three Army officers were eventually convicted of his murder, and a priest was convicted as an accomplice.

Diplomacy
Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien arrived in Havana to start an official visit to Cuba, which lasted until April 28.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference
Quarter-Finals
New Jersey 1 @ Ottawa 2 (OT) (Ottawa led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Washington 3 @ Boston 2 (2OT) (Washington led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Western Conference
Quarter-Finals
Dallas 1 @ San Jose 4 (Dallas led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Colorado 5 @ Edmonton 4 (OT) (Colorado led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Detroit 2 @ Phoenix 3 (Phoenix led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Alexei Yashin scored at 2:47 of the 1st overtime period to give the Senators their win over the Devils at Corel Centre.

Sergei Gonchar scored 2 goals for the Capitals in the 2nd period, and Joe Juneau scored at 6:31 of the 2nd overtime period as they edged the Bruins at Fleet Center.

Adam Deadmarsh and Claude Lemieux each scored 2 goals for the Avalanche, and Joe Sakic scored at 15:25 of the 1st overtime period as they edged the Oilers at Edmonton Coliseum.

Basketball
NBA
Playoffs
Eastern Conference
First Round
New Jersey 91 @ Chicago 96 (Chicago led best-of-five series 2-0)
New York 96 @ Miami 86 (Best-of-five series tied 1-1)

Western Conference
First Round
Portland 99 @ Los Angeles Lakers 108 (Los Angeles led best-of-five series 2-0)
Minnesota 98 @ Seattle 93 (Best-of-five series tied 1-1)

April 25, 2008

330 years ago
1678

War
French troops captured Ypres from Spain.

110 years ago
1898

War
The United States formally declared war on Spain over Cuba, the day after Spain had declared war on the U.S.A.

100 years ago
1908

Born on this date
Edward R. Murrow. U.S. journalist. Mr. Murrow was probably America’s most famous radio and television journalist in the mid-20th Century. The Washington State University graduate joined the Columbia Broadcasting System in 1935, and remained with CBS for the next 25 years. In 1937 Mr. Murrow was sent to London as director of CBS’s European operations. On March 13, 1938 he co-ordinated a multi-site live broadcast concerning Nazi Germany’s Anschluss of Austria, a landmark broadcast for the time. Mr. Murrow became famous, and remains well-known, for his broadcasts from London during the blitz in 1940. He opened his broadcasts with "This is...London," and soon began closing them with "Good night and good luck." By 1947 Mr. Murrow was back in the United States, doing daily newscasts. A series of spoken-word long-playing records titled I Can Hear it Now led to a CBS radio documentary series called Hear it Now. Mr. Murrow soon added a television version; See it Now began broadcasting on November 18, 1951. The most famous broadcast of See it Now took place on March 9, 1954, when Mr. Murrow attacked Senator Joseph McCarthy because of his methods in addressing the threat of Communism. While most reaction was positive, there were a number of anti-McCarthy commentators who thought that Mr. Murrow was guilty of the same sins of distortion that he accused Mr. McCarthy of. The story (from the point of view of Mr. Murrow) was told in the 2005 movie Good Night and Good Luck, starring David Strathairn as Edward R. Murrow (Mr. Strathairn received a Best Actor Academy Award nomination for his performance). See it Now obtained high ratings only occasionally; it stopped running as a weekly show in 1955, but continued to run as an occasional show until the summer of 1958. Mr. Murrow hosted several other shows during the 1950s. This I Believe ran on radio from 1951-1955. In 1953 he began hosting the television show Person to Person, a program in which Mr. Murrow, from his studio, interviewed celebrities in their homes. Person to Person consistently drew higher ratings than See it Now. Another program of Mr. Murrow’s was Small World, which brought political figures together for one-on-one debates. He continued his daily radio reports until 1959. Mr. Murrow’s last major broadcast was an episode of the documentary television series CBS Reports called Harvest of Shame, about the plight of migrant farm workers in the United States, which was broadcast in November 1960. He also appeared as himself in the 1960 movie Sink the Bismarck! Mr. Murrow left CBS in 1961 when President John F. Kennedy appointed him as director of the United States Information Agency; he remained in this position until 1964, when a heavy smoking habit finally caught up with him, and a losing battle with lung cancer forced his resignation. Edward R. Murrow died on April 27, 1965, two days after his 57th birthday. Among the honours he won were an Emmy in 1956 for best news commentary, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. In 1967, he was awarded a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for his Edward R. Murrow--A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I The War Years.

Montrealana
The residential area of Westmount, Québec was incorporated as a city.

80 years ago
1928

Died on this date
Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, 49. Russian military officer. Baron Wrangel was an officer in the Imperial Russian army and served in the White Russian army as a major general after the Bolshevik revolution. He became commanding general of the entire Volunteer Army in December 1919. In 1920, facing defeat on two fronts, Baron Wrangel arranged a mass evacuation on the shores of the Black Sea. he gave his soldiers the option of leaving with him or facing the wrath of the Red Army. Baron Wrangel and those with him left Russia on November 14, 1920. Baron Wrangel eventually settled in Brussels. Baron Wrangel took ill and died soon after his butler’s brother departed the household, leading some including Baron Wrangel’s family) to suspect that the butler’s brother, alleged to be a Soviet agent, had poisoned Baron Wrangel.

Floyd Bennett, 37. U.S. aviator. Mr. Bennett was Richard Byrd’s pilot when Admiral Byrd attempted to reach the North Pole in 1926; Mr. Bennett received the Medal of Honor. Mr. Byrd was a leading candidate for the Orteig Prize in 1927, to be awarded for the first non-stop flight from the United States to France. He again chose Mr. Bennett as his pilot. Unfortunately, Mr. Bennett was seriously injured during a practice takeoff. While he was recuperating, and his plane was being repaired, Charles Lindbergh won the Orteig Prize for his flight in the Spirit of St. Louis. On April 23, 1928, Mr. Bennett and Bernt Balchen flew a Ford monoplane from Detroit to Greenly Island, near Newfoundland, to take supplies to the crew of the German Junker Bremen, which had become stranded there on an attempt at a transatlantic flight from Dublin to New York. Mr. Bennett took ill during the flight and was flown back to Quebec City, where he died in hospital of pneumonia which he had contracted as a result of his injuries in that 1927 crash. Charles Lindbergh made an emergency flight to Quebec with medicine in a desperate attempt to save Mr. Bennett’s life, but Colonel Lindbergh arrived too late. Admiral Byrd was devastated by the loss, and blamed himself for Mr. Bennett’s death. He named the plane that he used on his South Pole flight in 1929 the Floyd Bennett. New York City’s first municipal airport was named Floyd Bennett Field.

Frank Lockhart, 25. U.S. auto racing driver. Mr. Lockhart was a last-minute substitute driver for Peter Kreis in the 1926 Indianapolis 500; he started in 20th position, but ended up as the winner. He was almost two laps ahead of the field when the race was shortened by rain after 160 laps (400 miles). Mr. Lockhart won four more American Automobile Association races in 1926, and five more in 1927. He won the pole at the Indianapolis 500 that year, and led the first 81 laps ( a record that stood for 64 years), but his race ended after 107 laps when a connecting rod broke. On April 25, 1928, Mr. Lockhart was attempting to set a land speed record on the beach at Daytona Beach, Florida, when a tire was cut (probably on a sea shell), which sent his car, the Black Hawk Special, tumbling out of control. Mr. Lockhart was thrown from the car and killed instantly, 17 days after his 25th birthday; his speed was below that which would have set the record. Frank Lockhart was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1999.

Politics and government
Administration leaders in the United States Senate, assisted by Democrats, defeated the Norris-Blaine proposal to amend the Naval Appropriation Bill by a rider that provided that "after Feb. 1, 1929, none of the appropriation made shall be used in Nicaragua to pay expenses incurred in connection with acts of hostility against that nation." The vote was 52-22.

75 years ago
1933

Baseball
New York Yankees' rookie Russ Van Atta made a successful major league debut when he pitched a five-hit shutout against the Washington Nationals and collected four singles in four at-bats. Earle Combs added five hits as the Yankees won, 16-0 win.

70 years ago
1938

Law
The United States Supreme Court ruled 6-2 in Erie Railroad Company v. Harry J. Tompkins that under the Rules of Decision Act, federal district courts in diversity jurisdiction cases had to apply the law of the states in which they sat, including the judicial doctrine of the state's highest court, where it did not conflict with federal law. There was no general federal common law. The decision overturned almost a century of U.S. federal civil procedure case law.

60 years ago
1948

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring John Stanley and Alfred Shirley, on MBS
Tonight’s episode: The Return of the Jack of Diamonds

Baseball
Larry Doby of the Cleveland Indians tied a major league record by striking out five times in the Indians’ 7-4 victory over the Detroit Tigers at Briggs Stadium in Detroit.

50 years ago
1958

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Whole Lotta Woman--Marvin Rainwater

On television tonight
Harbor Command, starring Wendell Corey
Tonight's episode: Arson

40 years ago
1968

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched the satellite Cosmos 218, which was aloft for less than one Earth orbit. The probe was probably a test of the Soviet Fractional Orbital Bombardment System for delivering bombs through space.

Politics and government
President Lyndon Johnson named former Undersecretary of State George W. Ball to succeed Arthur Goldberg as the U.S.A.'s chief representative to the United Nations, when he announced Mr. Goldberg's resignation. The event was marked with a coolness in the exchanges between President Johnson and Mr. Goldberg, who reportedly wanted a bigger role in Vietnam policy.

Protest
Columbia University President Grayson Kirk rejected the demands of student protesters for a complete amnesty for their violent behaviour of the previous two days, which included the ransacking of Dr. Kirk’s office.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Montreal 1 @ Chicago 2 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 3-1)
Minnesota 5 @ St. Louis 1 (Minnesota led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Basketball
ABA
Finals
Pittsburgh 106 @ New Orleans 105 (Best-of-seven series tied 2-2)

30 years ago
1978

Crime
Juanita Broadrick, in Little Rock, Arkansas to attend a nursing conference, was reportedly raped by Bill Clinton in her hotel room.

Defense
Gen. Alexander Haig, North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s supreme allied commander, denied a New York Times story that he would resign over U.S. President Jimmy Carter’s decision to defer production of the "neutron bomb." The President, in a press conference, replied that the Soviet proposal of mutual renunciation of the "neutron bomb" had "no significance at all," since the Soviets had no need for a neutron bomb. The weapon was designed to offset superior Soviet tank forces in Europe.

Politics and government
South African Prime Minister John Vorster announced that his government would accept a western plan for independence of Namibia (South-West Africa). South Africa would withdraw its troops as soon as the United Nations approved the plan, but not until there was a "complete cessation" of South-West African People’s Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla activities. The future of Walvis Bay, the only deep-water port in the territory, was left up to the future Namibian government and South Africa.

Law
The United States Supreme Court ruled 6-2 to outlaw pension plans that had higher costs for women than for men. The court also ruled 5-4 that a Massachusetts law prohibiting corporations from financing campaigns relating to ballot issues not directly affecting their interests was unconstitutional.

A city ordinance in St. Paul, Minnesota prohibiting discrimination in housing, employment, and public accommodations on the basis of sexual or affectional preference was repealed in a referendum.

Business
Shareholders of Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, the nation’s largest life insurance company, voted to move company headquarters from Montreal to Toronto. The presence in Quebec of the Parti Quebecois government and legislation making French the official language of Quebec were factors in the decision. The federal government reported that 23,000 people had emigrated from Quebec, mostly to Ontario, in the year ending May 31, 1977, up from 13,000 the year before.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Quarter-Finals
Detroit 2 @ Montreal 4 (Montreal won best-of-seven series 4-1)
Toronto 1 @ New York Islanders 2 (OT) (New York led best-of-seven series 3-2)
Buffalo 2 @ Philadelphia 4 (Philadelphia won best-of-seven series 4-1)

The Canadiens eliminated the Red Wings at the Montreal Forum in a game that marked the end of the 14-year National Hockey League career of Detroit left wing Dennis Hull.



Bob Nystrom scored at 8:02 of the 1st overtime period to give the Islanders their win over the Maple Leafs at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale.

WHA
Avco World Trophy
Quarter-Finals
Houston 2 @ Quebec 11 (Quebec won best-of-seven series 4-2)

The Nordiques routed the Aeros at Le Colisee in the last game the Aeros ever played.

Basketball
NBA
Eastern Conference
Semi-Finals
Washington 105 @ San Antonio 116 (Washington led best-of-seven series 3-2)

Western Conference
Semi-Finals
Denver 118 @ Milwaukee 104 (Denver led best-of-seven series 3-1)

Baseball
The obnoxious mascot known as the Phillie Phanatic made his first appearance at Veterans Stadium. Jim Kaat pitched a 3-hitter and drove in a run with a fielder's choice as the Phillies won 7-0 before 17,227 fans.

Jim Beattie allowed 5 hits and 1 run--earned--in 6 1/3 innings to get the win in his major league debut as the New York Yankees edged the Baltimore Orioles 4-3 before 14,159 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Jim Spencer's home run leading off the top of the 9th gave the Yankees a 4-1 lead, and proved to be the deciding run, as the Orioles scored 2 runs in the bottom of the 9th and had the potential tying run at third base with 1 out, but relief pitcher Sparky Lyle retired pinch hitters Carlos Lopez and Rich Dauer to end the game.



The Detroit Tigers scored 3 runs in the top of the 9th inning and 4 in the 10th to defeat the Chicago White Sox 8-4 before 13,496 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Detroit designated hitter Rusty Staub was the hero, driving in the first Tiger run with a ground out in the 1st inning; doubling home the first of the 9th-inning runs; and hitting a 3-run home run to close the scoring.

Miguel Dilone singled home Gary Thomasson with 2 out in the bottom of the 14th inning to give the Oakland Athletics a 4-3 win and a sweep of their doubleheader against the Minnesota Twins before 4,808 fans at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. Mr. Thomasson had driven in all the earlier Oakland runs with a 3-run home run in the 2nd inning, and had opened the scoring in the first game with a homer in the 5th inning. Teammate Gary Alexander's 2-run homer with 2 out in the 7th broke a 3-3 tie as the Athletics won 5-3.

25 years ago
1983

Journalism
The German magazine Stern published the first installment of the controversial "Hitler Diaries," said to be written by the Führer himself. The impending publication of the diaries had been announced three days earlier.

Diplomacy
Soviet leader Yuri Andropov invited 10-year-old American schoolgirl Samantha Smith to visit the U.S.S.R. as part of her effort to promote world peace.

Defense
France carried out a nuclear test at Muruora Island.

Politics and government
Partido Socialista, under the leadership of Mario Soares, won the national election in Portugal, but fell short of a majority.

Presidential elections in Sudan concluded with Gaafar Mohamed Nimeiri re-elected to a third six-year term.

Television
The American Broadcasting Company news program Nightline expanded from a half-hour to a full hour every weeknight.

Died on this date
Carlos Paula, 55. Cuban-born U.S. baseball player. Mr. Paula, the Washington Nationals' first Negro player, played 157 games for them from 1954-1956, batting .271. 117 of those games were played in 1955, when he hit .299 with 6 home runs and 45 runs batted in. However, Mr. Paula, the Nationals' regular right fielder that year, made 10 errors, and had a fielding percentage of just .941, which may explain why he didn't have a longer career in the major leagues.

20 years ago
1988

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Get Outta My Dreams, Get Into My Car--Billy Ocean

Died on this date
Clifford D. Simak, 83. U.S. writer. Mr. Simak worked with the Minneapolis Star and Tribune from 1939-1976, but was better known as the author of numerous science fiction novels and short stories from the 1930s to the 1980s. His best-known book may have been the novel City (1952).

Lanny Ross, 82. U.S. musician. Mr. Ross, a singer, pianist, and songwriter whose career included radio, vaudeville, recordings, movies, and night clubs, became a major in the U.S. Army in World War II. He introduced the popular song Stay As Sweet As You Are in the 1934 movie College Rhythm, and had a hit when the song was subsequently released as a single. His composition Listen to My Heart was sung by Patricia Gilmore in the 1939 short film Tempo of Tomorrow. Mr. Ross also had a five-year run on the radio program Show Boat.

Carolyn Franklin, 43. U.S. singer and songwriter. Miss Franklin, the younger sister of Aretha Franklin, attempted a recording career of her own in the 1960s, but didn't have any hits. She did, however, achieve success writing songs for her sister, most notably Ain't No Way (1968) and Angel (1973), both of which reached the Billboard Hot 100 top 20. Carolyn Franklin sang occasionally with Aretha in the 1970s and '80s, but died of breast cancer, 18 days before her 44th birthday.

World events
A three-judge panel sentenced John Demjanjuk to death, a week after an Israeli court had found him guilty of war crimes against Jews at the Treblinka death camp in Poland during World War II. Mr. Demjanjuk, a United States citizen, had been extradited to Israel in 1986.

Politics and government
Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis won the Utah caucus in the contest for the 1988 Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States.

Labour
In Poland, workers struck at Bydgoszcz, and were awarded a big pay hike.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Clarence S. Campbell Conference
Division Finals
Detroit 3 @ St. Louis 1 (Detroit led best-of-seven series 3-1)
Calgary 4 @ Edmonton 6 (Edmonton won best-of-seven series 4-0)

10 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Wright Morris, 88. U.S. writer and photographer. Mr. Morris twice won the National Book Award, for The Field of Vision (1956) and Plains Song: For Female Voices (1980). His books The Inhabitants (1946) and The Home Place (1948) combined photographs and fiction in a genre which Mr. Morris called "photo-text." Mr. Morris’s 33 books didn’t sell well, making him a much-honoured but little-read writer.

Defense
Lieutenant-Cololnel Karen McCrimmon took command of a transport squadron at Canadian Forces Base Trenton, Ontario, becoming the first woman to lead a front-line operations unit in the Canadian military.

Scandal
Hillary Rodham Clinton was interrogated for five hours about her legal work related to the Whitewater savings and loan institution.

Crime
A student shot and killed a chaperoning science teacher and wounded another teacher and two students at a high school graduation dance in Edinboro, Pennsylvania.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference
Quarter-Finals
Montreal 1 @ Pittsburgh 4 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

Western Conference
Quarter-Finals
Los Angeles 1 @ St. Louis 2 (St. Louis led best-of-seven series 2-0)

Basketball
NBA
Playoffs
Eastern Conference
First Round
Atlanta 85 @ Charlotte 92 (Charlotte led best-of-five series 2-0)
Cleveland 86 @ Indiana 92 (Indiana led best-of-five series 2-0)

Western Conference
First Round
San Antonio 101 @ Phoenix 108 (Best-of-five series tied 1-1)
Houston 90 @ Utah 105 (Best-of-five series tied 1-1)

April 24, 2008

1,150 years ago
858

Religion
Nicholas I succeeded Benedict III as Roman Catholic pope.

450 years ago
1558

Married on this date
Mary, Queen of Scots married French Crown Prince Francois.

175 years ago
1833

Technology
Jacob Evert and George Dulty patented the soda fountain.

140 years ago
1868

Born on this date
Sandy Herd. U.K. golfer. Mr. Herd, a native of St. Andrews, Scotland, won 11 tournaments in a long professional career, most notably the 1902 British Open. He died of pneumonia on February 18, 1944 at the age of 75.

120 years ago
1888

Business
Eastman Kodak was founded in Rochester, New York.

110 years ago
1898

War
Spain declared war on the United States, rejecting U.S. President William McKinley’s ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba. The U.S. fleet under commodore George Dewey sailed from Hong Kong to the Philippines.

100 years ago
1908

Born on this date
Inga Gentzel. Swedish runner. Miss Gentzel won the bronze medal in the women's 800-metre run at the 1928 Summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam, shortly after setting a world record in the event. She won the silver medal in the 1,000-metre run at the Women's World Games in Gothenburg in 1926. Miss Gentzel died on January 1, 1991 at the age of 82.

Marceline Day. U.S. actress. Miss Day, born Marceline Newlin, began her career as a child actress in silent movies in the 1910s, and was popular in the 1920s, appearing in such movies as London After Midnight (1927) and The Cameraman (1928). She made her last movie in 1933 and retired to private life, dying on February 16, 2000 at the age of 91.

Adventure
Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Murdock and family, accompanied by a mechanic, become the first family to travel across U.S. by car, leaving Los Angeles in a Packard. They arrived in New York City on May 26 after 32 days, 5 hours, 25 minutes.

90 years ago
1918

War
The first tank-to-tank combat took place at Villers-Bretonneux, France, when three British Mark IVs met three German A7Vs.

80 years ago
1928

Died on this date
Harry Berthrong, 84. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Berthrong, a utility player, played 17 games with the Washington Olympics of the National Association in 1871, batting .218.

Aviation
Colonel Charles Lindbergh, carrying pneumonia serum from the Rockefeller Institute, left Curtis Field, Long Island at 3:08 P.M. in a U.S. Army pursuit plane and reached Quebec City, 470 miles away, at 6:30 P.M. in an effort to save the life of aviator Floyd Bennett, who was in a hospital there.

Scandal
Colonel R.W. Stewart, chairman of the Standard Oil Company of Indiana, testifying in Washington before the Senate Teapot Dome Committee, said that he was given a fourth share--$769,500--of the bonds representing the profits of the Continental Trading Company of Canada, and that he turned them over to R.J. Barnet, as trustee for the Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, whose directors, after the April 21 acquittal of Harry Sinclair of conspiracy to defraud the government, accepted the bonds and gave them to its subsidiary, the Sinclair Crude Oil Purchasing Company. It had already been testified that the other fourth shares went to J.E. O’Neil; H.M. Blackmer, who gave his share to his own company; and to Harry Sinclair.

75 years ago
1933

Died on this date
Felix Adler, 81. German-born U.S. philosopher. Dr. Adler moved to New York at the age of 6, when his father took up a position as a rabbi. Dr. Adler was expected to succeed his father, but he adopted a neo-Kantian secular philosophy that emphasized the intrinsic worth and dignity of the person, and co-founded the Society of Ethical Culture in New York in 1877. Dr. Adler also advocated social reforms in areas such as housing, child labour, and foreign policy.

Abominations
Nazi Germany began its persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses by shutting down the Watch Tower Society office in Magdeburg.

Baseball
New York Giants’ shortstop Dick Bartell became the first major league player to hit four consecutive doubles in a 9-inning game.

60 years ago
1948

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard) (Best Seller): Mañana (Is Soon Enough for Me)--Peggy Lee (7th week at #1)

U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Now is the Hour (Maori Farewell Song)--Bing Crosby (6th week at #1)
--Gracie Fields
--Margaret Whiting
--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
--Charlie Spivak and his Orchestra
2 Mañana (Is Soon Enough for Me)--Peggy Lee
3 Sabre Dance--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
4 Beg Your Pardon--Francis Craig and his Orchestra
--Frankie Carle and his Orchestra
--Larry Green and his Orchestra
5 I'm Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover--Art Mooney and his Orchestra
--Russ Morgan and his Orchestra
--The Three Suns
--Uptown String Band
6 Because--Perry Como
7 Baby Face--Art Mooney and his Orchestra
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Jack Smith and the Clark Sisters
8 But Beautiful--Ffank Sinatra
--Margaret Whiting
9 Shine--Frankie Laine
10 Toolie Oolie Doolie (The Yodel Polka)--The Andrews Sisters
--Vaughn Horton and the Polka Debs

Singles entering the chart were the version of Sabre Dance by Freddy Martin and his Orchestra; the versions of Baby Face by Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra, and Jack Smith and the Clark Sisters; Nature Boy by King Cole (#25); Goofus by Johnny Mercer (#26); Just Because by Frankie Yankovic and his Yanks (#27); Tutti-Tutti Pizzicato by the Sportsmen (#33); You were Meant for Me by Charlie Spivak and his Orchestra (#39); and I Love You, Yes I Do by Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra (#40).

50 years ago
1958

Baseball
Outfielder Lee Walls hit 3 home runs to lead the visiting Chicago Cubs to a 15-2 rout of the Los Angeles Dodgers at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

40 years ago
1968

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): What a Wonderful World/Cabaret--Louis Armstrong

Australia's top 10 (Go-Set)
1 Love is Blue (L'Amour est Bleu)--Paul Mauriat and his Orchestra (5th week at #1)
2 Lady Madonna/The Inner Light--The Beatles
3 Simon Says--1910 Fruitgum Company
4 Magical Mystery Tour (EP)--The Beatles
5 Delilah--Tom Jones
6 Underneath the Arches/Friday Kind of Monday--Johnny Farnham
7 Young Girl--The Union Gap
8 The Mighty Quinn (Quinn the Eskimo)--Manfred Mann
9 The Legend of Xanadu--Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich
10 Valleri/Tapioca Tundra--The Monkees

Singles entering the chart were Honey by Bobby Goldsboro (#26); Jennifer Juniper by Donovan (#28); (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay by Otis Redding (#31); Congratulations by Cliff Richard (#32); Master Jack by Four Jacks and a Jill (#37); and If I Only Had Time by John Rowles (#39).

War
U.S. airplanes carried out 111 raids over North Vietnam.

Defense
The U.S.S.R. performed a nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk.

Protest
The occupation of Hamilton Hall, headquarters of Columbia College, continued from the previous day, with three officials being held hostage. Negro protesters ordered the other protesters out early in the day. The white rebels then marched to Low Library, where they took over and ransacked the office of Dr. Grayson Kirk, president of Columbia University. By this time the protest had gone beyond its original aims, and "Student Power" had become the battle cry. The spoiled brats demanded complete amnesty, asserting their right to participate in the "restructuring of the university." The hostages in Hamilton Hall were released later in the day, after 24 hours of confinement.

Hockey
CPHL
Adams Cup
Finals
Fort Worth 3 @ Tulsa 5 (Tulsa led best-of-seven series 3-0)

Basketball
NBA
Finals
Los Angeles 123 @ Boston 113 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

ABA
Finals
Pittsburgh 101 @ New Orleans 109 (New Orleans led best-of-seven series 2-1)

30 years ago
1978

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Stayin' Alive--Bee Gees (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Southpaw--Pink Lady (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Ballade pour Adeline--Richard Clayderman (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Hunk Anderson, 79. U.S. football player. Called by Knute Rockne as "the greatest lineman he ever coached," Heartley Anderson was a four-year starter at Notre Dame from 1918-1921. Mr. Anderson was a member of undefeated teams in 1919 and 1920. The Irish won 20 consecutive games before being upset by Iowa in 1921. As a senior, Mr. Anderson gained first-team All-America status. Against Purdue he blocked two punts and recovered them in the end zone, marking the first time in history a guard had scored two touchdowns in a game. (The feat was matched in 1942 when Alex Agase, a guard for Illinois, scored twice against Minnesota.) During Mr. Anderson’s four varsity seasons, Notre Dame posted a 31-2-2 record. After a four-year career with the Chicago Bears, "Hunk" returned to Notre Dame as a line coach under Mr. Rockne and later head coach upon Mr. Rockne's death in 1931. In three seasons as head coach Mr. Anderson's teams had a 16-9-2 record. Grantland Rice wrote that "pound for pound Anderson was the toughest man I have ever known." Mr. Anderson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1974.

Marty Walker, 79. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Walker pitched in 1 game for the Philadelphia Phillies, starting against the Brooklyn Robins at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn on September 30, 1928, the last game of the season. He faced 5 batters, allowing 2 hits, 3 bases on balls, and 4 runs--2 earned--in a 5-1 loss. Since he failed to retire a batter, his major league earned run average was infinity.

World events
The Palestinian guerrilla group Al-Fatah was reported to have ordered the arrest of 123 guerrillas who had entered Lebanon from Iraq to fight Lebanese and UNIFIL soldiers. The arrest order led to fighting within Al-Fatah, and three men were killed.

Politics and government
A Gallup Poll showed that U.S. President Jimmy Carter’s popularity had dropped to 39%, down 9% from the March Gallup Poll. The decrease was generally attributed to his handling of the economy.

Scandal
Former Representative Richard D. Hanna (Democrat--California) was given a sentence of 6-30 months in prison for conspiring to defraud the United States government in the South Korean influence-buying scandal. Mr. Hanna, 63, was the first person sent to prison in the case.

Crime
The Supreme Court of the United States declined to review Patricia Hearst's seven-year sentence for bank robbery. Miss Hearst had been free on bail since November 19, 1976.

Baseball
Nolan Ryan of the California Angels struck out 15 batters in a game for the 20th time in his career, but left after 9 innings with the Angels and Seattle Mariners tied 4-4 before 13,429 fans at Anaheim Stadium. Each team scored a run in the 11th before the Mariners prevailed 6-5 in 12 innings.

Randy Lerch pitched a 6-hit complete game victory and batted 2 for 2 with a home run, double, 2 bases on balls, 2 runs, and 3 runs batted in to lead the Philadelphia Phillies to a 12-2 rout of the Chicago Cubs before 20,115 fans at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia. The Phillies broke the game open with 9 runs in the 6th inning.



Pinch hitter Denny Walling singled home pinch runner Julio Gonzalez with 2 out in the bottom of the 10th inning to give the Houston Astros a 4-3 win over the San Diego Padres before 7,300 fans at the Astrodome. Mr. Gonzalez entered the game to run for Art Howe, who led off the inning with a single.

25 years ago
1983

World events
Federal Bureau of Investigation Director William Webster said that there were about 1,000 Russians and eastern Europeans in the United States who were engaged in the pursuit of classified information, primarily related to military secrets and high technology.

Politics and government
The Socialist party of Austria lost its absolute majority in the general election, and Bruno Kreisky resigned as Chancellor. A coalition with the Austrian Freedom Party resulted, and Fred Sinowatz took office as Chancellor on May 24.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Clarence S. Campbell Conference Finals
Chicago 4 @ Edmonton 8 (Edmonton led best-of-seven series 1-0)

20 years ago
1988

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): One Tree Hill--U2 (5th week at #1)

Politics and government
In the first round of runoffs in the French presidential election, Socialist candidate and President Francois Mitterand took 34% of the vote; conservative leader Jacques Chirac got 20%; independent Leon Barre polled 17%, and National Front leader Jean-Marie Le Pen got 14%. The Communist candidate received 7% of the vote.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Prince of Wales Conference
Division Finals
Montreal 0 @ Boston 2 (Boston led best-of-seven series 3-1)
Washington 4 @ New Jersey 1 (Best-of-seven series 2-2)

10 years ago
1998

World events
Tens of thousands watched in Kigali, Rwanda as police shot 22 prisoners who had been convicted of genocide-related crimes. The Rwandan government had rejected international appeals for a stay of the executions.

Politics and government
The State Duma of Russia voted 251-25 to confirm Sergei Kiriyenko, 35, an appointee of President Boris Yeltsin, as Prime Minister.

Economics and finance
The Toronto Stock Exchange announced the closure of its traditional floor trading (open outcry) system to make way for a completely electronic trading environment.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference
Quarter-Finals
Ottawa 1 @ New Jersey 3 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)
Buffalo 2 @ Philadelphia 3 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)
Boston 4 @ Washington 3 (2OT) (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

Western Conference
Quarter-Finals
San Jose 2 @ Dallas 5 (Dallas led best-of-seven series 2-0)
Edmonton 2 @ Colorado 5 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)
Phoenix 7 @ Detroit 4 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

Darren Van Impe scored a powerplay goal for the Bruins with 2:57 remaining in regulation time to tie the score and then scored at 54 seconds of the 2nd overtime period to give the Bruins their win over the Capitals at MCI Center.

Basketball
NBA
Playoffs
Eastern Conference
First Round
New Jersey 93 @ Chicago 96 (Chicago led best-of-five series 1-0)
New York 79 @ Miami 94 (Miami led best-of-five series 1-0)

Western Conference
First Round
Portland 102 @ Los Angeles Lakers 104 (Los Angeles led best-of-five series 1-0)
Minnesota 83 @ Seattle 108 (Seattle led best-of-five series 1-0)

Baseball
Los Angeles Dodgers' catcher Mike Piazza tied a major league record by hitting his third grand slam of the month. The blast highlights a nine-run second inning which led Los Angeles to a 12-4 victory over the visiting Chicago Cubs.

At Candlestick Park in San Francisco, Geoff Jenkins hit a home run off Orel Hershiser to become the first Milwaukee Brewers player to hit a home run in his major league debut. The Brewers defeated the Giants 7-5. Jenkins joined Chuck Tanner, who accomplished the feat in 1955 as a member of the Milwaukee Braves, as the only players in Milwaukee baseball history to homer in their first game.

April 23, 2008

660 years ago
1348

Britannica
The Order of the Garter, the first English order of knighthood, was founded.

375 years ago
1633

Europeana
Sweden and the Protestant German monarchy formed the Union of Heilbronn.

125 years ago
1883

Politics and government
Jan Heemskerk Abrahamzoon, Conservative party leader, took office as Prime Minister of the Netherlands.

120 years ago
1888

Born on this date
Georges Vanier. Governor General of Canada, 1959-1967. Mr. Vanier, a native of Montreal, won the Military Cross in 1916 for his actions in the Great War, and lost his right leg in battle two years later. He continued as an army officer and spent several decades as a diplomat before accepting the position as Governor General, becoming the first person of French-Canadian ancestry to be appointed to the post. Mr. Vanier continued the Canadian tradition of vice-regal patronage of amateur sports when he created the Governor General's Fencing Award and donated the Vanier Cup in 1965 for the championship of university football in Canada. Mr. Vanier died in office on March 5, 1967 at the age of 78; Roland Michener was soon appointed to succeed him as Governor General.

Politics and government
Aeneas Mackay, leader of the Anti-Revolutionaire Partij, took office as Prime Minister of the Netherlands, replacing Jan Heemskerk Abrahamzoon.

100 years ago
1908

Diplomacy
Denmark, Germany, England, France, Netherlands, and Sweden signed the North Sea accord.

90 years ago
1918

Died on this date
James McDonough. U.S. baseball player. Mr. McDonough was a catcher who played in the minor leagues from 1911-1913; in his final season, he batted .233 with 4 home runs in 88 games with the Chicago Keeleys of the independent Federal League. Mr. McDonough was estranged from his wife when they got into a heated argument on a crowded street corner in Chicago; he shot and killed her and then himself.

War
The Dover Patrol overthrew a German U-boat in the East Sea. The Battle of Zeebrugge ended with the British Royal Navy putting the German U-Boat base out of action.

Politics and government
The American civil rights organization known as the National Urban League was founded, with Eugene K. Jones as Executive Secretary.

80 years ago
1928

Aviation
A Ford monoplane sent by the New York World and North American Newspaper Alliance took supplies from Detroit to Greenly Island, near Newfoundland, where the German Junker Bremen had been stranded for 10 days since landing there on an attempted translatlantic flight from Dublin to New York. Aboard the relief plane were Floyd Bennett and Bernt Balchen. Mr. Bennett, who had been seriously injured in a crash the previous year, took ill with pneumonia, and was flown to Quebec City, where he was hospitalized.

Adventure
Miss Eleonora Sears, society sportswoman, walked from Newport, Rhode Island to Boston, Massachusetts, a distance of 74 miles, in 17 hours.

Japanese traveller Ryvkichi Matsui arrived in Moscow, 17 days after leaving Tokyo on his way westward to circle the globe. His friend Toicho Araki had left Tokyo the same day, heading eastward around the world.

Protest
The Venezuelan government closed the National Military School at Caracas because of student riots.

70 years ago
1938

Politics and government
Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia demanded self-government.

60 years ago
1948

Television
KSTP-TV channel 5 in St. Paul-Minneapolis, Minnesota (ABC) made its first broadcasts.

50 years ago
1958

Baseball
Orlando Cepeda tripled home Jim Davenport and Willie Mays with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning and Daryl Spencer followed with a 2-run home run to give the San Francisco Giants an 8-7 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 14,715 fans at Seals Stadium in San Francisco. Mr. Mays had reached first base on an error by St. Louis shortstop Dick Schofield, and Willie Kirkland had flied out for what should have been the third out of the inning before Mr. Cepeda came to bat, making all 4 runs unearned. The Cardinals scored 5 runs in the 1st inning off San Francisco starting pitcher Ruben Gomez, and led 6-2 going into the bottom of the 8th. It was the first major league game for San Francisco's Don Taussig, who grounded out as a pinch hitter in the 5th inning. It was the only major league game for San Francisco's Nick Testa, who entered the game in the bottom of the 8th inning as a pinch runner for pinch hitter Ray Jablonski, who singled in 2 runs to make the score 6-4. Mr. Testa remained in the game as a catcher, making an error on a foul popup in the 9th. The error was not costly, but it was Mr. Testa's only major league fielding chance. Mr. Testa was on deck when Mr. Spencer hit his home run. Mr. Testa’s story is told in the book Once Around the Bases (1998) by Richard Tellis. San Francisco manager Bill Rigney used 24 of the 25 players on his roster in this game.

Chuck Tanner led off the top of the 9th inning with a home run and Bobby Thomson doubled home 2 runs later in the inning to give the Chicago Cubs a 7-5 lead as they held on to edge the Los Angeles Dodgers 7-6 before 24,368 fans at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Charlie Neal tripled home Pee Wee Reese with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th, but Gil Hodges grounded out to pitcher Dolan Nichols to end the game.

Herb Score, attempting a comeback after being hit in the eye by a line drive almost a year earlier, pitched a 3-hitter and struck out 13 batters to win the pitchers' duel over Billy Pierce as the Cleveland Indians shut out the Chicago White Sox 2-0 before 2,391 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland in a game that was interrupted by a 44-minute rain delay.

Roy Sievers drew a base on balls to lead off the bottom of the 10th inning, advanced to second base on a single by Clint Courtney, and scored on a 1-out single by Jim Lemon to give the Washington Senators a 5-4 win over the New York Yankees before 14,754 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington. The Senators had tied the score in the 9th when Herb Plews reached first base on an error by New York shortstop Gil McDougald, advanced to third on a single by Ed Yost, and scored on a single by pinch hitter Ed Fitz Gerald.

40 years ago
1968

Hit parade
#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Delilah--Tom Jones

Theatre
The musical I'm Solomon, with music by Ernest Gold, and starring Dick Shawn and Carmen Mathews, opened at the Mark Hellinger Theater on Broadway in New York City. It closed four days later after 9 previews and 7 performances.

War
U.S. airplanes carried out 155 raids over North Vietnam.

Protest
A student protest at Columbia University in New York that grew into two weeks of upheaval and violence began when 150 students, led by Mark Rudd, president of the campus chapter of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), met at noon to protest the proposed construction of a gymnasium in neighbouring Morningside Park (which was also opposed by Negroes in nearby Harlem), as well as to protest Columbia’s ties with the Institute of Defense Analyses (IDA). The protest group included members of the Students’ Afro-American Society and some residents of Harlem. After the initial meeting, the protesters invaded Hamilton Hall, headquarters of Columbia College, and held three officials hostage for 24 hours.

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, who had taken office just three days earlier, obtained a dissolution of Parliament from Governor General Roland Michener and called a federal election for June 25.

In the contests for the U.S. presidential nominations, Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy, the only candidate on the ballot, received 76 ½% of the vote in the Pennsylvania Democratic Party primary. Former Vice President Richard Nixon took 76.3% of the vote as a write-in candidate in the Republican primary.

Religion
The United Methodist Church was created when The Evangelical United Brethren Church (represented by Bishop Reuben H. Mueller) and The Methodist Church (represented by Bishop Lloyd C. Wicke) joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas. Before the year was out, the notorious Oral Roberts had become a UMC pastor. The denomination is largely apostate, although some Bible-believing pastors can still be found.

Journalism
The Edmonton Journal began publishing Astronomical Notebook, a daily feature produced by the Queen Elizabeth Planetarium in Edmonton that appeared on page 2 with the weather. The feature was published through March 21, 1970.

Economics and finance
The first decimal coins were issued in Britain in preparation for replacing the current system of pounds, shillings and pence by 1971. The five new pence and ten new pence coins operated alongside the shilling and the florin, and had the same value. They were also the same size and weight. The coins caused initial confusion to shoppers, many of whom refused to take them.
There was further misunderstanding over the value of a penny. Many thought the five new penny coin was worth five old pence, when it was in fact worth a shilling, or 12 old pence.

Disasters
Tornadoes along a 125-mile stretch of the Ohio River killed 11 and injured 200 in Ohio and Kentucky.

11 were killed and 24 injured when a bus plunged into a ravine at Recife, Brazil.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Montreal 4 @ Chicago 2 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 3-0)

Yvan Cournoyer scored 2 goals for the Canadiens as they beat the Black Hawks at Chicago Stadium.

Baseball
The Chicago Cubs acquired outfielder Jim Hickman and relief pitcher Phil Regan from the Los Angeles Dodgers in exchange for outfielder Ted Savage and starting pitcher Jim Ellis. Mr. Regan went on to lead the National League with 25 saves in 1968.

30 years ago
1978

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Tania--John Rowles (3rd week at #1)

Defense
The U.S.S.R. performed a nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk.

In London, U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance briefed the West German, British, French, and Canadian foreign ministers on the results of the SALT talks with the Soviets which had concluded in Moscow the day before. Mr. Vance was reported to have told the ministers that a clause had been added to the draft treaty on strategic arms limitations barring U.S. or U.S.S.R. circumvention of the treaty, but that disagreement remained on two other issues. The United States had been unsuccessful in getting specific written limitations on the Soviet Backfire bomber nor a clause limiting the modernization of existing missiles. Mr. Vance refused to publicly reveal the content of the Moscow talks, saying that Soviet officials had insisted on secrecy in the negotiations.

Terrorism
For the second consecutive day, Pope Paul VI begged the kidnappers of Aldo Moro to release the former Italian Prime Minister, who had been held hostage since March 16.

World events
Passengers on a Korean Air Lines jet that been forced down when it had flown into Soviet territory near the Arctic Circle three days earlier were flown to Helsinki, Finland by a Pan American Airways rescue plane.

Crime
The Rubens painting The Three Graces and nine other Flemish works which had been stolen from the Pitti Palace in Florence, Italy two days earlier were recovered undamaged by police. Whether that means the police recovered them in an undamaged state or whether they were recovered without being damaged by the police, I’m not sure.

Golf
Gary Player won his third straight tournament, winning the Houston Open with a score of 270. First prize money was $40,000.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Quarter-Finals
Montreal 8 @ Detroit 0 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 3-1)
Boston 5 @ Chicago 2 (Boston won best-of-seven series 4-0)
New York Islanders 1 @ Toronto 3 (Best-of-seven series tied 2-2)
Philadelphia 4 @ Buffalo 2 (Philadelphia led best-of-seven series 3-1)

Ken Dryden posted the shutout in goal and the Canadiens scored 2 shorthanded goals during the same penalty as they routed the Red Wings in the national Le Soiree du Hockey telecast on a Sunday afternoon in the last Stanley Cup game ever played at Olympia Stadium.



Toronto defenceman Borje Salming suffered an eye injury when he was hit by an errant stick, putting him out of action for the remainder of the playoffs, as the Maple Leafs beat the Islanders in the national Hockey Night in Canada telecast at Maple Leaf Gardens.

WHA
Avco World Trophy
Quarter-Finals
Edmonton 1 @ New England 4 (New England won best-of-seven series 4-1)
Quebec 2 @ Houston 5 (Quebec led best-of-seven series 3-2)
Birmingham 2 @ Winnipeg 5 (Winnipeg won best-of-seven series 4-1)

The Aeros' win over the Nordiques at the Summit was the last World Hockey Association game ever played in Houston.

Basketball
NBA
Eastern Conference
Semi-Finals
Philadelphia 112 @ New York 107 (Philadelphia won best-of-seven series 4-0)
San Antonio 95 @ Washington 98 (Washington led best-of-seven series 3-1)

Western Conference
Semi-Finals
Denver 112 @ Milwaukee 143 (Denver led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Portland 84 @ Seattle 99 (Seattle led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Baseball
Dave Parker of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit a home run in each game as the Pirates defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 14-7 in the first game of a doubleheader before 10,008 fans at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, and were leading the second game 5-4 after 6 innings when it was suspended because of a curfew in order to allow the Cardinals to catch a flight to Montreal. The game was completed on June 26, with no further scoring.

Joe Wallis singled home Bobby Murcer with 2 out in the bottom of the 12th inning to give the Chicago Cubs a 3-2 win over the New York Mets before 7,692 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago.

George Foster singled home Pete Rose with 2 out in the top of the 10th inning to enable the Cincinnati Reds to edge the San Francisco Giants 2-1 before 50,510 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Cincinnati second baseman Joe Morgan made an error, bringing his major league record of 91 consecutive errorless games at the position to an end. He had begun the streak on July 6, 1977.

Atlanta Braves' shortstop Darrel Chaney made 2 errors in the bottom of the 10th inning, leading to 2 unearned runs for the San Diego Padres as they edged the Braves 5-4 before 19,502 fans at San Diego Stadium. Mark Lee made his major league debut on the mound for the Padres, pitching 1 1/3 scoreless innings in relief of starting pitcher Bob Shirley.

Ron Hassey, playing his first major league game, singled home the final 2 runs of a 3-run 11th inning as the Cleveland Indians beat the Boston Red Sox 10-7 to gain a split of their doubleheader before 36,246 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Mr. Hassey, the Indians' catcher, finished the game 2 for 6 with 2 runs batted in, and 13 putouts and an error in the field. The Red Sox scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 8th to win the first game 6-3. Cleveland left fielder Johnny Grubb and Boston third baseman Butch Hobson each hit a home run in each game.

Lary Sorensen allowed 2 earned runs in 8 innings to win the pitchers' duel over Catfish Hunter as the Milwaukee Brewers 3-2 before 26,291 fans at Yankee Stadium. Ben Oglivie led the Milwaukee offense with a solo home run, single, and double, scoring 2 runs. The game was played in 1 hour 53 minutes.

Jesse Jefferson pitched a 3-hitter and the Toronto Blue Jays scored 2 runs in each of the first 2 innings as they shut out the Chicago White Sox 4-0 before 17,427 fans at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto.

John Henry Johnson pitched a 6-hitter and the Oakland Athletics scored 4 runs in the 5th inning as they blanked the Seattle Mariners 5-0 before 5,688 fans at the Kingdome in Seattle.

25 years ago
1983

Died on this date
Buster Crabbe, 76. U.S. swimmer and actor. Mr. Crabbe, a graduate of the University of Southern California, won a bronze medal in the 1,500 metre freestyle swimming event in the 1928 Olympic games at Amsterdam, and followed that with a gold medal in the 400 metre freestyle in the 1932 Olympics at Los Angeles. By that time he’d already made several movie appearances, beginning with Good News in 1930. He appeared in many western and adventure movies, but is best known as the star of the Flash Gordon (1936) and Buck Rogers (1939) serials. Mr. Crabbe also starred in the television series Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion (filmed in Morocco) from 1955-1957. In 1971, at the age of 64, Mr. Crabbe set a record time for swimmers over 60 in the 400 metre freestyle. He made his last movie appearance in The Comeback Trail in 1982.

Academia
Grant MacEwan Community College held its graduation ceremony at the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium in Edmonton. This blogger, who attended GMCC in 1981-82, was on hand to congratulate some of his former classmates.

20 years ago
1988

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): L'Amore Rubato--Luca Barbarossa (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Gimme Hope Jo'anna--Eddy Grant (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Gimme Hope Jo'anna--Eddy Grant (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You--Glenn Medeiros (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Heart--Pet Shop Boys (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Heart--Pet Shop Boys (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Heart--Pet Shop Boys (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Where Do Broken Hearts Go--Whitney Houston

U.S.A. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Get Outta My Dreams, Get Into My Car--Billy Ocean (2nd week at #1)
2 Devil Inside--INXS
3 Where Do Broken Hearts Go--Whitney Houston
4 Wishing Well--Terence Trent D'Arby
5 Man in the Mirror--Michael Jackson
6 Girlfriend--Pebbles
7 Angel--Aerosmith
8 Pink Cadillac--Natalie Cole
9 Some Kind of Lover--Jody Watley
10 Never Gonna Give You Up--Rick Astley

Singles entering the chart were Foolish Beat by Debbie Gibson (#61); Make it Real by the Jets (#72); Nothin' But a Good Time by Poison (#84); Tall Cool One by Robert Plant (#85); Stand Up by David Lee Roth (#86); and Love Struck by Jesse Johnson's Revue (#90).

Canada's top 10 (RPM)
1 Get Outta My Dreams, Get Into My Car--Billy Ocean (3rd week at #1)
2 Never Gonna Give You Up--Rick Astley
3 Man in the Mirror--Michael Jackson
4 Endless Summer Nights--Richard Marx
5 I Saw Him Standing There--Tiffany
6 Devil Inside--INXS
7 Wishing Well--Terence Trent D'Arby
8 Push It--Salt-N-Pepa
9 (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay--Michael Bolton
10 I'm Still Searching--Glass Tiger

Singles entering the chart were One More Try by George Michael (#79); Say it Again by Jermaine Stewart (#85); Together Forever by Rick Astley (#88); Circle in the Sand by Belinda Carlisle (#91); Piano in the Dark by Brenda Russell (#96); and Talking Back to the Night by Steve Winwood (#97).

Canada's top 10 (The Record)
1 Get Outta My Dreams, Get Into My Car--Billy Ocean (2nd week at #1)
2 Never Gonna Give You Up--Rick Astley
3 Wishing Well--Terence Trent D'Arby
4 I Saw Him Standing There--Tiffany
5 Push It--Salt-N-Pepa
6 Pump Up the Volume--M/A/R/R/S
7 Man in the Mirror--Michael Jackson
8 I'm Still Searching--Glass Tiger
9 Endless Summer Nights--Richard Marx
10 Devil Inside--INXS

Aviation
A Greek man pedalled a self-powered aircraft 74 miles.

Health
The United States instituted a federal ban on smoking during domestic airline flights of 2 hours or less.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Clarence S. Campbell Conference
Division Finals
Detroit 3 @ St. Louis 6 (Detroit led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Calgary 2 @ Edmonton 4 (Edmonton led best-of-seven series 3-0)

10 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Konstantinos Karamanlis, 91. Prime Minister of Greece, 1955-1963, 1974-1980. Mr. Karamanlis was first elected to parliament in the Greek election of 1936. He became Minister of Employment in 1947, and then Minister of Public Works. Mr. Karamanlis became Prime Minister for the first time on October 6, 1955, serving until June 17, 1963. He led his National Radical Union (formerly Greek Rally) to successive electoral victories in 1955, 1958, and 1961. Unfortunately, he made the disastrous move of implementing full voting rights for women in 1955. He also pushed for Greek membership in the European Economic Community. As a result of Mr. Karamanlis’s lobbying, Greece became an associate member of the EEC on July 9, 1961. Tensions between the government and the monarch increased in the early 1960s, and Mr. Karamanlis left the country after his party’s defeat in the 1963 election. Political turmoil and a subsequent military coup occupied Greek affairs until 1974, when democracy was restored. Mr. Karamanlis returned to Greece as leader of a party called New Democracy, and served as Prime Minister again from July 24, 1974-May 10, 1980. Mr. Karamanlis’s government undertook numerous nationalizations in several sectors, including banking and transportation. Karamanlis's policies of economic statism were described by many as socialmania. Mr. Karamanlis resigned as Prime Minister, and became President of the Third Hellenic Republic (Greece had dumped the monarchy as a result of a 1974 plebiscite), in which office he served from 1980-1985 and again from 1990-1995.

Gregor von Rezzori, 83. Austrian author and actor. Mr. Rezzori, born Gregor Arnulph Hilarius d'Arezzo, was known for novels such as Oedipus at Stalingrad (1954) and The Death of My Brother Abel (1976), as well as the story Memoirs of an Anti-Semite (1969), which brought him to the attention of English language readers. He appeared in several movies, including A Very Private Affair (1962); Viva Maria! (1965); and Man on Horseback (1969).

James Earl Ray, 70. U.S. criminal. Mr. Ray, a career criminal, was convicted (and sentenced to 99 years in prison) for the April 4, 1968 assassination of Negro civil rights leader Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Mr. Ray was captured in England after an intense manhunt; he had been able to obtain a Canadian passport under the name Eric Starvo Galt (thus proving how easy it was, and is, to get a Canadian passport). Three days after pleading guilty, Mr. Ray recanted his confession, and protested his innocence while making a number of failed escaped attempts. Mr. Ray’s claims that he was a fall guy for a larger conspiracy eventually received a boost from Mr. King’s family, who called for Mr. Ray to get a new trial. Mr. Ray died in prison of liver disease. In 1999, a jury ruled in a civil trial brought by the King family that Rev. King was the victim of a conspiracy, but the following year, the U.S. Justice Department said that it had uncovered no evidence of a conspiracy.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference
Quarter-Finals
Montreal 3 @ Pittsburgh 2 (OT) (Montreal led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Western Conference
Quarter-Finals
Los Angeles 3 @ St. Louis 8 (St. Louis led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Benoit Brunet scored at 18:43 of the 1st overtime period to give the Canadiens their win over the Penguins at Civic Arena.

Basketball
NBA
Playoffs
Eastern Conference
First Round
Atlanta 87 @ Charlotte 97 (Charlotte led best-of-five series 1-0)
Cleveland 77 @ Indiana 106 (Indiana led best-of-five series 1-0)

Western Conference
First Round
San Antonio 102 @ Phoenix 96 (San Antonio led best-of-five series 1-0)
Houston 103 @ Utah 90 (Houston led best-of-five series 1-0)