1510
Born on this date
Antonio de Cabezón. Spanish composer and organist. Mr. Cabezón, who went blind in early childhood, became prominent as an organist, and was employed in the court of King Charles V and Queen Isabella. He composed about 275 pieces, most for organ or other keyboard instruments. Mr. Cabezón died on March 26, 1566, four days before his 56th birthday.
190 years ago
1820
Born on this date
Anna Sewell. U.K. authoress. Miss Sewell wrote the novel Black Beauty (1877). She was an invalid for most of her life, and died of hepatitis or tuberculosis on April 25, 1878, 26 days after her 58th birthday, and just five months after the publication of her only novel, which had already achieved commercial success.
James Whyte. U.K.-born Australian politician. Mr. Whyte, a native of Scotland, moved to Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) with his family in 1832. He and his brothers were involved in the Fighting Hills massacre of aborigines in 1840. Mr. Whyte became wealthy from a gold strike in 1852, and was first elected to the Legislative Council of Tasmania in 1856, representing Pembroke. He served as Premier of Tasmania from 1863-1866, leading a government that engaged in road and rail development, public service reform, and fiscal reform. A proposal for a property and income tax was so unpopular that it led to the downfall of Mr. Whyte's government. He remained in Parliament until 1876, and died on August 20, 1882 at the age of 62.
170 years ago
1840
Died on this date
Beau Brummell, 61. U.K. dandy. George Bryan Brummell was the most famous arbiter of men's fashions in his day, and was a close friend of the future King George IV until the permanent breach of their friendship in 1811. He fled to France in 1816 to avoid debtors' prison, and died penniless and insane from syphilis in an asylum in Caen.
140 years ago
1870
Law
The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution was declared ratified in a proclamation by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish. The text reads:
1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.Americana
2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Texas was readmitted to the United States Congress following Reconstruction; the state had joined the Confederacy in 1861.
130 years ago
1880
Born on this date
Seán O'Casey. Irish playwright. Mr. O'Casey, born John Casey, was known for writing plays about working class people in Dublin. His best-known play was Juno and the Paycock (1924). Mr. O'Casey died on September 18, 1964 at the age of 84.
125 years ago
1885
Crime
At least nine people, including two Roman Catholic priests and an Indian agent, were slain at Frog Lake, north of Lloydminster, Northwest Territories in what became known as the Frog Lake massacre. A farmer and farm instructor near Battleford were also killed.
90 years ago
1920
Diplomacy
Finland accepted the proposal of Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs M. Tchilcherin to enter into negotiations to end hostilities between Finland and Russia. Finland suggested that Finnish military representatives should meet Russian delegates at Systerback on April 10, and that a temporary armistice should begin on April 1. Finland added that she considered it necessary before beginning negotiations that the Russians should evacuate Petchenga. At the same time, Finnish troops were ordered to stop all action on April 1 except that which was purely defensive.
Hockey
Stanley Cup
Finals
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) 5 Ottawa Senators (NHL) 2 @ Toronto (Best-of-five series tied 2-2)
Frank Foyston scored 2 goals and Bobby Rowe, Jack Walker, and Roy Rickey each scored for the Metropolitans as they beat the Senators. Frank Nighbor scored both Ottawa goals in the 2nd period. The game, played under PCHA rules, took place at Arena Gardens because of poor ice conditions in Ottawa.
70 years ago
1940
War
U.K. First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, in a radio broadcast, warned that neutral nations' rights may be violated by Britain in an effort to halt aid to her enemies in the European war.
Politics and government
Japan declared Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei.
U.S. Senator Edwin Johnson (Democrat--Colorado) said that President Franklin D. Roosevelt's silence on whether he would run in 1940 for a third term had hurt other possible Democratic Party candidates and was leading the party into confusion.
Defense
The Japanese Army reported that the U.S.S.R. was building a new railroad from the Outer Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator toward the border of Manchukuo (Manchuria).
The United States War Department notified 175 airplane manufacturers that they could defer current military building provided they could guarantee superior aircraft at a later date.
Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull announced that the United States would not recognize the Japanese-sponsored government based in Nanking led by Wang Ching-wei.
Science
The Physics Department at the University of Toronto revealed the world's most powerful microscope which formed its images with electrons, not light.
Swimming
NCAA
The University of Michigan defeated Yale University to win the national championship in New Haven, Connecticut.
Basketball
NCAA
Indiana University defeated Kansas State University 60-42 in Kansas City to win the national men's championship.
60 years ago
1950
On television tonight
Escape, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Rest in Peace, starring Clock Ryder and Oliver Thorndyke
This was the 13th and last episode of the series.
Died on this date
Léon Blum, 77. Prime Minister of France, 1936-1937, 1938, 1946-1947. Mr. Blum, a socialist, was first elected to the National Assembly in 1919, and led the Socialist Party through the 1930s. He attracted the hatred of anti-Semites, and was beatend almost to death in 1936, shortly before taking office as Prime Minister. Mr. Blum led a Popular Front government of the left, providing economic and labour reforms, and declaring neutrality in the Spanish Civil War in order to prevent the war from spilling over into France. His second term as Prime Minister lasted just under a month, as he was unable to keep a government together. Mr. Blum escaped to southern France early in World War II, but was captured, and was imprisoned in France, and later in Germany. He was rescued by Allied authorities at the end of the war, and returned to politics, leading a coalition government in an effort to support the Fourth Republic. Mr. Blum died of a heart attack, 10 days before his 78th birthday.
Joe Yule, 57. U.K.-born U.S. comedian and actor. Mr. Yule, a native of Glasgow, moved with his family to the United States as an infant. He performed in vaudeville and burlesque before moving to Hollywood in 1925. He appeared in dozens of movies, often in small, uncredited roles, but starred as Jiggs in a series of five movies based on the comic strip Bringing Up Father (1946-1950). Mr. Yule died of a heart attack; his son Joe, Jr. became famous as the entertainer Mickey Rooney.
Movies
Filming began on Darah dan Doa, widely recognized as the first Indonesian film.
Law
The International Court of Justice ruled that Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania were obliged to cooperate with the United States and United Kingdom in investigating whether Soviet bloc countries had violated human rights. Three Easter European judges dissented.
Diplomacy
The U.S. State Department reported that radio transmitters of the U.S. consulate in Shanghai and Peking (Beijing), the last direct channels for confidential messages between the U.S. government and its representatives in Communist China, had stopped operating.
Politics and government
U.S. President Harry Truman named Budget Director Frank Pace as Secretary of the Army. Retiring Army Secretary Gordon Gray was appointed presidential adviser on foreign trade problems. Air Force Secretary Stuart Symington was named head of the National Security Resources Board.
Technology
Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey announced the invention of the phototransistor, operated by light rather than electric current.
Economics and finance
The United Kingdom and Israel settled financial claims left over from the British mandate regime in Palestine.
Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Toronto 1 @ Detroit 3 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)
Red Kelly and Sid Abel scored in the 1st period and Joe Carveth scored in the 2nd for the Red Wings as they defeated the Maple Leafs at Olympia Stadium. Fleming Mackell scored at 5:44 of the 3rd period to break up Harry Lumley's bid for a shutout.
50 years ago
1960
Died on this date
Joseph Haas, 81. German composer and teacher. Mr. Haas taught at various music schools, most notably the Akademie für Tonkunst in Munich (1924-1950). He composed choral and chamber works; sacred music; and works for keyboard and organ. Mr. Haas died 11 days after his 81st birthday.
40 years ago
1970
Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Whole Lotta Love--Led Zeppelin (2nd week at #1)
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Onna no Blues--Keiko Fuji
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Venus--The Shocking Blue (8th week at #1)
On the radio
The Challenge of Space, on Springbok Radio
Tonight’s episode: The Emergency Passenger
Died on this date
Heinrich Brüning, 84. Chancellor of Germany, 1930-1932. Dr. Brüning, whose doctorate was in economics, served with the German Army during World War I, and was a bureaucrat and journalist before entering politics, as a believer in "Christian corporatism." He joined the Centre Party, and was first elected to the Reichstag in 1924, making a name for himself as a financial expert. Dr. Brüning was appointed Reichskanzler (Chancellor) by President Paul von Hindenburg on March 29, 1930, just in time for the Depression to strike Germany. Dr. Brüning established a presidential government, using emergency decrees invoking President Hindenburg's constitutional powers. Dr. Brüning resigned as Chancellor after coming into conflict with President Hindenburg; he served as Chairman of the Centre Party from May 6-July 5, 1933, but fled the country in 1934, fearing arrest by the Nazis, who were now in power. Dr. Brüning eventually ended up in the United States, becoming a professor at Harvard University. He returned to West Germany as a professor from 1951-1953, but returned to the U.S.A., and died in Vermont, the day after the 40th anniversary of his taking office as Chancellor. Dr. Brüning's time as Chancellor is still a subject of debate in Germany, as to whether he was the "last bulwark" or "undertaker" of the Weimar Republic, or both.
World events
The military government of Sudan announced that it had crushed an apparent coup d'etat attempt against the 10-month-old regime of Major General Jafir Muhammad Nimeri.
30 years ago
1980
Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): I Got You--Split Enz (3rd week at #1)
#1 single in Switzerland: Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)--Pink Floyd (9th week at #1)
World events
More than 30,000 people filled the plaza in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral in San Salvador for the funeral of Roman Catholic Archbishop Oscar Romero, who had been assassinated six days earlier. After an explosion, panic swept the crowd, which surged into the cathedral and side streets. Observers witnessed snipers firing guns from building tops for the next hour; at least 26 people were killed and 200 injured. Many people, including U.S. ambassador Robert White, blamed Communist groups for starting the violence, but other eyewitnesses blamed right-wing groups.
Diplomacy
The United States delivered an ultimatum to Iran, demanding that the government take control of the hostages in the U.S. embassy in Tehran from the militants by March 31 or face new sanctions. Iranian President Abolhassan Bani-Sadr asked for a 24-hour postponement of the deadline and conferred with Iran’s Revolutionary Council.
Curling
Air Canada Silver Broom @ Moncton Coliseum
Final
Canada (Rick Folk) 7 Norway (Kristian Sørum) 6
Rick Folk’s rink from Saskatchewan gave Canada its first men’s world championship in eight years, edging the defending champions.
25 years ago
1985
Hit parade
U.S.A. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Material Girl--Madonna
2 One More Night--Phil Collins
3 Can’t Fight This Feeling--REO Speedwagon
4 The Heat is On--Glenn Frey
5 Lovergirl--Teena Marie
6 We Are the World--USA for Africa
7 Too Late for Goodbyes--Julian Lennon
8 Private Dancer--Tina Turner
9 Somebody--Bryan Adams
10 Just Another Night--Mick Jagger
Hockey
NHL
Boston 3 @ Montreal 7
Detroit 9 @ Toronto 3
Curling
Air Canada Silver Broom @ Kelvin Hall, Glasgow
Semi-Finals
Sweden (Stefan Hasselborg) 4 Denmark (Hans Gufler) 2
Canada (Al Hackner) 9 U.S.A. (Tim Wright) 4
20 years ago
1990
Died on this date
Harry Bridges, 88. Australian-born U.S. labour leader. Mr. Bridges was a merchant seaman in Australia before moving to the United States in 1922. He became leader of the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA), and in 1937 he led several chapters in forming a new union, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), which he led for the next 40 years. In the 1990s it was revealed that Mr. Bridges had been a member of the Communist Party USA in the 1930s. The United States government regarded Mr. Bridges as subversive and made several unsuccessful attempts to deport him. Mr. Bridges became a naturalized American citizen in 1945 after lying about his Communist Party membership.
War
U.S.S.R. troops seized the state prosecutor’s office in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius, as well as the printing press of a pro-independence newspaper.
World events
Estonia’s parliament proclaimed that the country was occupied, and that it was entering a "transitional period" that would lead to independence.
Abominations
Idaho Governor Cecil Andrus vetoed a bill that would have banned most abortions in the state. Under the bill’s provisions, an abortion in the case of rape would have been allowed only if the rape were reported within seven days, and abortion in the case of incest would be allowed only if the victim were under 18. Gov. Andrus complained that pro-life activists had designed the bill "for the sole purpose of getting this issue back before the Supreme Court." Gov. Andrus said that he had not been influenced by threats by abortion-rights groups to boycott Idaho potatoes.
Hockey
NHL
Calgary 6 Edmonton 2
10 years ago
2000
Died on this date
Rudolf Kirchschläger, 85. 8th President of Austria, 1974-1986. Dr. Kirchschläger was Austrian Ambassador to Czechoslovakia from 1967-1970 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1970-1974 before being elected President. He died 10 days after his 85th birthday.
Oil
Mexico, Norway, and Oman, all non-members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, joined 10 of the 11 OPEC member nations in announcing their intention to increase production.
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