March 24, 2020

470 years ago
1550

War
England and Scotland signed the Treaty of Boulogne, ending hostilities between the two nations in the Rough Wooing.

300 years ago
1720

Europeana
Count Frederick of Hesse-Kassel was elected King Frederick I of Sweden by the Riksdag of the Estates, after his consort Ulrika Eleonora had abdicated the throne on February 29.

200 years ago
1820

Born on this date
Edmond Becquerel. French physicist. Professor Becquerel, the son of physicist Antoine César Becquerel, was credited with the discovery in 1839 of the photovoltaic effect, the operating principle of the solar cell, in 1839. He was also known for his work in luminescence and phosphorescence. Prof. Becquerel died on May 11, 1891 at the age of 71; his son Henri Becquerel was one of the discoverers of radioactivity.

Fanny Crosby. U.S. hymnist. Miss Crosby, who went blind shortly after birth, wrote more than 8,000 hymns and gospel songs, as well as 1,000 poems and secular popular, patriotic, and political songs. Her hymns included Blessed Assurance and To God Be the Glory. Miss Crosby supported rescue missions for many years; she died on February 12, 1915 at the age of 94, and was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1975.

160 years ago
1860

Died on this date
Ii Naosuke, 44. Tairō (Great Elder) of Hikone, 1858-1860. Ii Naosuke was daimyō (Lord) of Hikone (1850-1860), and was named Tairō by shōgun Tokugawa Iesada. Ii Naosuke signed the Harris Treaty in 1858, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and extraterritoriality to American citizens. He was assassinated in Edo by a group of 17 Mito and 1 Satsuma samurai in the Sakuradamon Incident, and was succeeded as Tairō by Ii Naonori.

130 years ago
1890

Born on this date
Agnes Macphail. Canadian politician. Miss Macphail, as a member of te Progressive Party, became the first woman to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons, where she sat as the MP for the Ontario riding of Grey Southeast from 1921-1940. She was a member of the Ginger Group that split from the Progressive Party and formed the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. In 1935 Miss Macphail ran as a candidate for the United Farmers of Ontario-Labour Party in the new riding of Grey-Bruce and was re-elected to the House of Commons. She was defeated in the federal election of 1940 and in a subsequent by-election. Miss Macphail then entered provincial politics, running for the CCF in the 1943 Ontario provincial election. She and fellow CCF candidate Rae Luckock were both elected, and became the first female Members of the Provincial Parliament in Ontario. Miss Macphail was defeated in 1945, re-elected in 1948, and defeated in 1951. She died on February 13, 1954 at the age of 63.

120 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer. German military officer. Konteradmiral Puttkamer joined the Imperial German Navy in 1917 and served on two ships in World War I. He was the naval adjutant to Fuehrer Adolf Hitler during World War II, and was at Mr. Hitler's Berghof home in Bavaria, obeying the Fuehrer's order to destroy his private papers and belongings, when Mr. Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. Konteradmiral Puttkamer was arrested after the German surrender to Allied forces, and was in captivity until 1947. He died on March 4, 1981, 20 days before his 81st birthday.

Transportation
New York City Mayor Robert Anderson Van Wyck broke ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" to link Manhattan and Brooklyn.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Richard Conte. U.S. actor. Mr. Conte, born Nicholas Peter Conte, acted in numerous plays, movies, and television programs. His films included Call Northside 777 (1948); Whirlpool (1949); The Blue Gardenia (1953); They Came to Cordura (1959); and The Godfather (1972). He died of a heart attack on April 15, 1975, 22 days after his 65th birthday.

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Gene Nelson. U.S. actor and director. Mr. Nelson, born Leander Eugene Berg, was nominated for a Tony Award for his feature performance in the musical Follies (1971). He appeared in small roles in movies from 1939-1987, including Oklahoma! (1955). He directed television programs and several made-for-television movies, as well as movies such as Your Cheatin' Heart (1964); Kissin' Cousins (1964); and Harum Scarum (1965). Mr. Nelson died on September 16, 1996 at the age of 76.

Mary Stolz. U.S. authoress. Mrs. Stolz wrote novels for children and young adults from 1950-1999. She won the Newbery Honor for her novels Belling the Tiger (1962) and The Noonday Friends (1966). Mrs. Stolz died on December 15, 2006 at the age of 86.

Hockey
Stanley Cup
Finals
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) 0 @ Ottawa Senators (NHL) 3 (Ottawa led best-of-five series 2-0)

Jack Darragh scored the winning goal with 6 minutes remaining in the 1st period and Clint Benedict picked up the shutout to win the goaltending duel over Hap Holmes at the Arena. Eddie Gerard scored 6 minutes into the 3rd period, and Frank Nighbor closed the scoring with 1 minute remaining. The game was played under Pacific Coast Hockey Association rules.

80 years ago
1940

Died on this date
Édouard Branly, 95. French inventor. Mr. Branly invented the coherer, which enabled Guglielmo Marconi to develop wireless telegraphy.

War
The New South Wales Labour Party voted against any Australian participation in an overseas war. German troops observed Easter by dropping flowers inside French lines.

Protest
The Indian Moslem League, meeting in Lahore, challenged the United Kingdom to provide equal treatment for Arabs in Palestine.

Society
U.S. Senator Thomas Connally (Democrat--Texas) indicated that he would lead a Southern filibuster against the Gavagan anti-lynching bill when debate opened on the Senate floor.

Religion
Pope Pius XII, in his Easter message, denounced treaty violations and lack of human concern by nations at war.

Science
The American Chemical Society awarded the Eli Lilly & Company prize to Dr. Eric Glendinning of Johns Hopkins University for research in the hormone adrenalin and vitamins.

Economics and finance
Guaranty Trust Company of New York reported that the effects of the European war would cause readjustments in the world's economic order, rather than expansion.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Rum and Coca-Cola--The Andrews Sisters with Vic Schoen and his Orchestra (Best Seller--7th week at #1; Juke Box--7th week at #1); Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive--Johnny Mercer and the Pied Pipers with Paul Weston and his Orchestra (Airplay--2nd week at #1; Honor Roll of Hits--1st week at #1)

This was the first week in which Billboard published the Honor Roll of Hits, a composite 10-position song chart which combined data from the best seller, airplay, and juke box charts along with three other component charts.

Died on this date
Jeff Nicklin, 30 (?). Canadian football player. Mr. Nicklin was an end with the Winnipeg Rugby Football Club/Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 1934-1940. He was a member of Winnipeg's first two Grey Cup championship teams in 1935 and 1939, and made the Western Interprovincial Football Union all-star team from 1937-1939. He joined the Canadian Army during World War II and became commander of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in November 1944. Lieutenant-Colonel Nicklin was killed when his parachute became entangled in a tree near Wesel as part of Operation Varsity, and a German soldier shot him as he was trying to get loose. In 1946, the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion donated the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy, presented to the WIFU player judged to be the most valuable to his team in each season. From 1973 on, the trophy has been presented to the Most Outstanding Player in the West Division of the Canadian Football League.

War
The U.S. State Department reiterated that the United States was "definitely committed to the policy of unconditional surrender" of both Germany and Japan. Canadian Army Corporal Fred Topham earned the Victoria Cross for bravery as Canadian paratroopers and air support helped the Army cross the Rhine River in Operation Varsity, beginning the liberation of the Netherlands, with Canadian, British, and American troops establishing beachheads on the east bank of the Rhine between Rees and Duisburg. A new Soviet offensive in western Hungary gained 43 miles along a 62-mile front, placing Soviet troops only 40 miles from Austria. Japanese Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso called on the nation's "100,000,000 people" to join a volunteer army ordered established by the cabinet. U.S. forces in the Philippines captured Nagulian and its airport, 12 miles northwest of Baguio, against light Japanese opposition.

Diplomacy
The Spanish government of Generalissimo Francisco Franco ordered is diplomats to stop representing Japanese interests in countries with which Japan had not had diplomatic relations because of World War II.

Archaeology
Reports from Cairo said that archaeologists had located the sacred city of Heliopolis, an Egyptian capital that had been obliterated over 6,000 years earlier.

Politics and government
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Wallace Harrison to head the Office of Inter-American Affairs.

U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt named Jonathan Daniels as White House secretary in charge of press relations to replace Stephen Early, who was expected to return to employment in the private sector.

Economics and finance
The U.S.S.R. reported the enactment two days earlier of a new agrarian reform law in Romania for expropriation of properties of absentees, traitors, and Germans, and division among peasants of estates of more than 50 hectares.

The United States Senate-House of Representatives conference voted for a job bill compromise that would vest in Office of War Mobilization Director James Byrnes power to use any government agencies to administer the act.

70 years ago
1950

Died on this date
James R. Garfield, 84. U.S. politician. Mr. Garfield, the son of President James A. Garfield, was U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt from 1907-1909.

Philip Lyford, 63. U.S. artist. Mr. Lyford was a painter who founded the American Academy of Art.

Harold Laski, 56. U.K. political scientist and politician. Professor Laski taught at McGill, Harvard, and Yale Universities before going to the University of London in 1920, and teaching at the London School of Economics for the rest of his life. He began teaching Marxism in 1930, influencing future leaders of Third World countries and American media personalities. Prof. Laski began participating in Labour Party politics in 1920, and in 1932 joined the Socialist League, a left-wing faction within the Labour Party. In 1937, he participated in a failed attempt by the Socialist League to cooperate with the Independent Labour Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain to form a Popular Front to bring down the Conservative government of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. Prof. Laski served as an alderman on the Fulham Borough Council (1934-1945), and served as the Labour Party chairman (1945-1946). When the Labour Party came to power in 1945, Prime Minister Clement Attlee refused to give Prof. Laski a cabinet post, and Prof. Laski's influence within the party declined until his death from influenza.

Diplomacy
Turkey and Italy signed a five-year friendship treaty in Rome.

Religion
Monsignor Paul-Émile Léger was appointed Roman Catholic Archbishop of Montréal, succeeding Joseph Charbonneau, who had announced his resignation on February 11, 1950.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Marina--Rocco Granata and the International Quintet (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Running Bear--Johnny Preston (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Three Thousand Suspects, with guest stars Bruce Gordon, Bert Freed, and Leslie Nielsen

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Chicago 3 @ Montreal 4 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Bernie "Boom Boom Geoffrion's goal at 10:32 of the 3rd period held up as the winner for the Canadiens as they edged the Black Hawks at the Montreal Forum.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): Uppblåsbara Barbara--Robert Broberg

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Let it Be--The Beatles (3rd week at #1)

Terrorism
Lieutenant Colonel Donald Crowley, the U.S. air attache to the Dominican Republic, was kidnapped by Dominican rebels who threatened to kill him unless the government of President Joaquin Balaguer allowed 20 prisoners to leave the country.

Society
U.S. President Richard Nixon issued a 19-page statement to dispel the "prevailing confusion" over his school policies. He instructed his administration to enforce "at once" the U.S. Supreme Court’s order to desegregate schools in Southern states, but said that until he had further court guidance he could not require the elimination of segregation caused by residential patterns. He did announce plans to allocate $1.5 billion to help local schools overcome the effects of residentially-caused segregation.

Labour
The U.S. postal strike began crumbling as workers began returning to their jobs. The major exception was New York City, where 15,500 Army, Navy, and Marine Corps reservists, 12,000 members of the New York Army and Air National Guard, and 2,500 men on active duty started moving mail. That evening, 50,000 holdouts voted to return to work as Congressional leaders indicated their willingness to move quickly on pay increases.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Crazy Little Thing Called Love--Queen (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Okuru Kotoba--Kaientai (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Video Killed the Radio Star--The Buggles (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Sun of Jamaica--Goombay Dance Band (6th week at #1)

Music
The album Rarities by the Beatles, a compilation of rare versions of previously-released songs and songs that had not previously appeared on albums in North America, was released on Capitol Records.

The album Keepin' the Summer Alive by the Beach Boys was released on Caribou Records.

Died on this date
Óscar Romero, 62. Salvadoran clergyman and political activist. Rev. Romero was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1942, and was appointed Archbishop of San Salvador in 1977. He opposed El Salvador's Revolutionary Government Junta, which was carrying out terrorist acts and executions of opponents. Archbishop Romero was assassinated by a sniper as he officiated at a mass in San Salvador. In recent years a number of Roman Catholic clergymen in El Salvador had become supporters of so-called "Liberation Theology"--Marxism is Christian dress--and had run afoul of the government. At least six priests had been killed by right-wing terrorists in the two years preceding the assassination of Archbishop Romero.

World events
The day after he left Panama, the deposed Shah of Iran arrived in Cairo, where Egyptian President Anwar Sadat granted him permanent asylum.

Environment
After a nine-month fight against the world’s worst oil spill, Mexican officials said that engineers had successfully capped the Ixtoc I oil well that had spilled more than 3.1 billion barrels of crude oil since blowing up on June 3, 1979.

Basketball
NCAA
Men's Championship @ Indianapolis
Final
Louisville 59 California @ Los Angeles 54



30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Nothing Compares 2 U--Sinéad O'Connor (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Vattene Amore--Amedeo Minghi; Mietta (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Enjoy the Silence--Depeche Mode

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Nothing Compares 2 U--Sinéad O'Connor (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Le temps des Yéyés--Les Vagabonds

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Dub Be Good to Me--Beats International (4th week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Nothing Compares 2 U--Sinéad O'Connor (6th week at #1)
2 Daar Gaat Ze--Clouseau
3 How am I Supposed to Live Without You--Michael Bolton
4 Sacrifice--Elton John
5 Opposites Attract--Paula Abdul
6 Live Together (New Version)--Lisa Stansfield
7 The Healer--John Lee Hooker featuring Carlos Santana & the Santana Band
8 Jij Daar!--Petra & Co
9 Here I Am (Come and Take Me)--UB40
10 King Kong Five--Mano Negra

Singles entering the chart were Dub Be Good to Me by Beats International (#23); Walk on By by Sybil (#30); Diamante by Zucchero Sugar Fornaciari (#32); Infinity (1990's... Time for the Guru) by Guru Josh (#35); Happenin' All Over Again by Lonnie Gordon (#38); and I Don't Know Anybody Else by Black Box (#40).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Black Velvet--Alannah Myles
2 Love Will Lead You Back--Taylor Dayne
3 Escapade--Janet Jackson
4 Roam--The B-52s
5 I Wish it Would Rain Down--Phil Collins
6 I'll Be Your Everything--Tommy Page
7 All Around the World--Lisa Stansfield
8 I Go to Extremes--Billy Joel
9 Keep it Together--Madonna
10 Get Up! (Before the Night is Over)--Technotronic

Singles entering the chart were This Old Heart of Mine by Rod Stewart with Ronald Isley (#62); Hurting Kind (I've Got My Eyes on You) by Robert Plant (#88); I Come Off by Young M.C. (#90); You Can't Get Away by Shana (#92); I'll See You in My Dreams by Giant (#93); Precious Love by Jody Watley (#94); and Cuts You Up by Peter Murphy (#95).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Escapade--Janet Jackson (3rd week at #1)
2 Black Velvet--Alannah Myles
3 Roam--The B-52's
4 Price of Love--Bad English
5 I Wish it Would Rain Down--Phil Collins
6 I Go to Extremes--Billy Joel
7 No More Lies--Michel'le
8 C'mon and Get My Love--D Mob introducing Cathy Dennis
9 We Can't Go Wrong--Cover Girls
10 Just a Friend--Biz Markie

Singles entering the chart were This Old Heart of Mine by Rod Stewart with Ronald Isley (#63); Precious Love by Jody Watley (#66); Nothing Compares 2 U by Sinead O’Connor (#69); Hurting Kind (I’ve Got My Eyes On You) by Robert Plant (#72); Hold On by Wilson Phillips (#79); The Humpty Dance by Digital Underground (#83); and House of Broken Love by Great White (#85).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 I Wish it Would Rain Down--Phil Collins
2 Escapade--Janet Jackson
3 I Go to Extremes--Billy Joel
4 Opposites Attract--Paula Abdul (Duet with the Wild Pair)
5 Roam--The B-52's
6 Dangerous--Roxette
7 Price of Love--Bad English
8 No Myth--Michael Penn
9 Lover of Mine--Alannah Myles
10 Love Will Lead You Back--Taylor Dayne

Singles entering the chart were Without You by Motley Crue (#69); Hurting Kind (I’ve Got My Eyes On You) by Robert Plant (#83); Sweet Talk by Lee Aaron (#86); You're the Only Woman by Brat Pack (#91); Sun Comes Up, It's Tuesday Morning by Cowboy Junkies (#93); and Advice for the Young at Heart by Tears for Fears (#95).

Died on this date
Ray Goulding, 68. U.S. comedian. Mr. Goulding was half of the comedy duo Bob and Ray, who were popular on American radio from 1946-1987. Mr. Goulding died four days after his 68th birthday.

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 4 @ Quebec 3 (OT)

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Think Twice--Celine Dion

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Don't Stop (Wiggle Wiggle)--The Outhere Brothers

20 years ago
2000

Religion
Pope John Paul II conducted a mass for youth at the Mount of Beatitudes overlooking the Sea of Galilee, where Jesus Christ delivered his Sermon on the Mount.

10 years ago
2010

Died on this date
Robert Culp, 79. U.S. actor. Mr. Culp appeared in movies such as Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969) and Hannie Caulder (1971), but was better known for his work in television, especially his co-starring roles in the series Trackdown (1957-1959); I Spy (1965-1968); and The Greatest American Hero (1981-1983). Mr. Culp died of a heart attack while walking near his home in Los Angeles.