September 14, 2020

160 years ago
1860

Born on this date
Hamlin Garland. U.S. writer. Mr. Garland wrote fiction and non-fiction, and was best known for novels and short stories--often influenced by the single-tax theories of economic reformer Henry George--about Midwestern farmers. He published the biography Ulysses S. Grant: His Life and Character (1898), and was awarded the 1922 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for A Daughter of the Middle West. Mr. Garland moved to Hollywood, California in 1929, and spent his last years researching psychic phenomena. He died on March 4, 1940 at the age of 79.

140 years ago
1880

Born on this date
Archie Hahn. U.S. runner and coach. Mr. Hahn won gold medals in the men's 60-metre, 100-metre, and 200-metre runs at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, becoming the first man to win the latter two events. He also won the gold medal in the men's 100-metre run at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens. Mr. Hahn coached football at several colleges from 1907-1919; coached basketball at Monmouth College (1910-11); and coached track at several universities from 1915-1950, with his longest time at the University of Virginia (1929-1950). He died on January 21, 1955 at the age of 74.

130 years ago
1890

Oil
Petroleum deposits were discovered in Alberta along the Athabasca River.

Labour
Lumber mill workers in Ottawa went on strike.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Jack Hawkins. U.K. actor. Mr. Hawkins was one of Britain's most popular actors, appearing in movies such as The Cruel Sea (1953); The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957); Ben-Hur (1959); Lawrence of Arabia (1962); and Zulu (1964). He was a heavy smoker, developed throat cancer, and underwent a laryngectomy in 1966. Mr. Hawkins was able to act after that, with vocals dubbed by others. An experimental operation to insert an artificial voice box was unsuccessful, and Mr. Hawkins suffered a couple of serious hemorrhages, the last of which proved fatal. He died on July 18, 1973 at the age of 62.

Lehman Engel. U.S. composer and conductor. Mr. Engel wrote and conducted music for musicals on stage and television, as well as in recordings. He was music director of the St. Louis Municipal Opera before moving to New York and conducting Broadway musicals. Mr. Engel was nominated for 10 Tony Awards, winning 6. He died on August 29, 1982, 16 days before his 72nd birthday.

Rolf Liebermann. Swiss composer and conductor. Mr. Liebermann was artistic director of the Hamburg Staatsoper (1959-1973, 1985-1988) and Paris Opera (1973-1980). He wrote instrumental, chamber, and choral works, and several operas in a career spanning more than 45 years. Mr. Liebermann died in Paris on January 2, 1999 at the age of 78.

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Lawrence Klein. U.S. economist. Dr. Klein was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies." He "was the first to create the statistical models that embodied Keynesian economics," tools still used by the Federal Reserve Bank and other central banks. Dr. Klein died on October 20, 2013 at the age of 93.

90 years ago
1930

Football
NFL
Newark (0-1) 6 @ Portsmouth (1-0) 13

80 years ago
1940

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I'll Never Smile Again--Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra (vocal refrain by Frank Sinatra and the Pied Pipers) (8th week at #1)

Abominations
The Hungarian Army, supported by local Hungarians, killed 158 Romanian civilians in Ip, Sălaj, a village in Northern Transylvania in an act of ethnic cleansing.

War
Italian forces reported driving a 10-mile wedge in the British defense line in Egypt.

Diplomacy
A new international conference of Danube states, called by Germany and meeting in Vienna, declared that the International Danube Commission set up by the Treaty of Versailles "no longer exists," and appointed in its place a consultative commission with a German chairman.

Thai Prime Minister General Luang Bipul Songgram stated that negotiations were under way with Indochina for the return of territory allegedly belonging to Thailand.

Defense
The United States Congress passed the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, providing for the first peacetime military draft in U.S. history. It was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt two days later.

Politics and government
The U.S. Senate confirmed Jesse H. Jones as Secretary of Commerce.

Literature
Goncourt Academy in Paris announced that, because of the war, it would not award its annual prize for the best French novel of 1940.

75 years ago
1945

War
Red Chinese Army troops claimed sweeping territorial gains during the previous week from the Yangtze River Valley to areas north and west of Peking (Beijing).

The U.S. Congress named a 10-man committee of lawyers to investigate the December 7, 1941 Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Diplomacy
Japanese Prime Minister Prince Naruhiko Higashi-Kuni asked that the United States "forget Pearl Harbor" as the Japanese would forget the devastation of their homeland by U.S. bombers.

U.S. Ambassador to Argentina Spruille Braden said that the "Nazi element" in the Argentine government sought to undermine friendly relations with the United States.

Defense
The U.S. Army announced plans to release 13,000 doctors, 3,500 dentists, 25,000 nurses, and other medical personnel by January 1, 1946.

Labour
Ford Motor Company shut down all of its automobile plants, laying off 50,000 workers, due to "crippling and unauthorized strikes" against companies supplying it with parts. The lockout was directed against the United Auto Workers of America and other unions demanding a 30% wage raise in the auto industry.

70 years ago
1950

Died on this date
Billy Ging, 77. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Ging pitched one game with the Boston Beaneaters, a 2-1 8-inning complete game victory over the New York Giants on September 25, 1899. He left the major leagues with a 1-0 record and an earned run average of 1.13. Mr. Ging played 6 seasons in the minor leagues (1899-1904).

John Maulbetsch, 60. U.S. football player and coach. Mr. Maulbetsch was a halfback with Adrian College (1911) and the University of Michigan (1914-1916), earning All-American honours in all three seasons at Michigan. He coached at Phillips University (1917-1920); Oklahoma A&M College (1921-1928); and Marshall College (1929-1930), compiling a record of 61-52-11. Mr. Maulbetsch also coached basketball at Oklahoma A&M--compiling a 75-75 record--and baseball, with a 61-59 record. He coached track as well as football at Marshall. Mr. Maulbetsch died of cancer, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973.

War
North Korean forces failed in week-long efforts to advance on Taegu from the north and south and on Pusan from the west.

U.S. President Harry Truman announced plans to begin informal discussions on a Japanese peace treaty with other countries on the Allied Far Eastern Commission.

Diplomacy
The West German Bundestag passed a resolution asking the United Nations to condemn the U.S.S.R.'s "criminal" activity in support of a Communist rule of "terror" in East Germany.

Defense
The U.S. Congress completed action on a bill giving the rank of five-star General of the Army to Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Omar Bradley.

Politics and government
General Oscar Osorio took office as President of El Salvador.

U.S. President Truman rejected renewed Republican demands for the resignation of Secretary of State Dean Acheson.

Scandal
Former U.S. Representative Andrew May (Democrat--Kentucky) was paroled from federal prison after serving nine months for accepting bribes on war contracts.

Society
In an address to the Genetics Society of America in Columbus, Ohio, British biologist Julian Huxley warned that man may be deteriorating due to the preservation of unfit individuals by medical and welfare agencies.

The U.S. House of Representatives overrode President Truman's veto of the naturalization bill.

Environment
U.S. President Truman signed a bill creating Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.

Economics and finance
Britain's Labour Party government told the House of Commons of its plans to nationalize the steel industry in January 1951 under the steel nationalization law passed in 1949.

Baseball
The New York Yankees moved ½ game ahead of the Detroit Tigers for first place in the American League with a 7-5 win over the Tigers before 20,853 fans at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. The Tigers scored 4 runs in the 1st inning, but Joe DiMaggio hit his 29th home run of the season and Johnny Mize hit his 10th in the 2nd to reduce the deficit to 4-3. Vic Raschi (20-8) pitched a 7-hit complete game to win over Hal Newhouser (14-10).

Gil Hodges and Carl Furillo hit consecutive home runs as part of a 4-run 1st inning for the Brooklyn Dodgers as they beat the Cincinnati Reds 6-3 in the first game of a doubleheader before 3,431 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. Billy Cox and Bruce Edwards also homered for the Dodgers. Joe Adcock homered for the Reds in the 2nd inning, and Ted Tappe made his major league debut with the Reds when he came to bat as a pinch hitter in the 8th and homered. Mr. Hodges' home run was a 2-run blast, while all the others came with the bases empty. Erv Palica (9-7) pitched a 7-hit complete game victory over Ken Raffensberger (13-17). Preacher Roe (18-10) allowed 8 hits and 2 earned runs in 8.1 innings, and singled and scored as part of a 4-run 2nd inning for the Dodgers as they won the second game 5-2 to complete the sweep. Mr. Adcock hit another solo home run for the Reds in the 2nd inning.

Willie Jones singled home Eddie Waitkus with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Philadelphia Phillies a 3-2 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 17,142 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia, enabling the National League-leading Phillies to remain 6 games ahead of the second-place Dodgers.

60 years ago
1960

World events
Just 10 weeks after Congo received its independence from Belgium, the Congolese army, led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu, said that it had taken control of the country and suspended the two rival Prime Ministers and President Joseph Kasavubu until the crisis had been resolved. Meanwhile, heavy fighting in the breakaway province of Katanga had left 70 dead.

Oil
Representatives of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela met in Baghdad and founded the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Football
CFL
EFC
Hamilton (1-5) 23 @ Montreal (2-4) 22
Toronto (5-1) 12 @ Ottawa (4-2) 21

22,670 were in attendance at Molson Stadium, while 20,477 witnessed the Rough Riders’ win at Lansdowne Park.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): In the Summertime--The Mixtures (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Tegami--Saori Yuki (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): In the Summertime--Mungo Jerry

On the radio
The Challenge of Space, on Springbok Radio
Tonight’s episode: Saturn’s Rings

Science
A team of Yale University scientists was reported to have set up direct two-way communication between a computer and a chimpanzee’s brain, with equipment that included a small receiver-transmitter attached to the chimpanzee’s scalp. The equipment was said to suggest new ways of treating human mental and physical disorders.

Economics and finance
Philadelphia’s largest bank--First Pennsylvania Banking & Trust Company--cut the prime interest rate for corporate borrowers from 8% to 7.5%.

Labour
Members of the United Automobile Workers struck General Motors plants in the United States and Canada, idling almost 400,000 workers and halting the weekly production of 132,000 cars--almost half the total U.S. and Canadian output. The stoppage didn’t affect Ford, Chrysler, or American Motors.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Food for Thought--UB40

#1 single in Switzerland: Upside Down--Diana Ross (2nd week at #1)

World events
Right-wing leader Alparslan Turkes, a figure behind much of the recent political violence in Turkey, surrendered to the military authorities who had taken power in a bloodless coup two days earlier.

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (6-4) 20 @ Ottawa (5-5) 19
Toronto (4-6) 28 @ Saskatchewan (1-9) 17

21,241 fans at Lansdowne Park were disappointed when Gerry Organ missed a 29-field goal on the final play of the game that would have won the game for the Rough Riders. William Miller rushed for a Winnipeg touchdown, and Dieter Brock passed to Rick House for the touchdown that gave the Blue Bombers a 20-18 lead in the 4th quarter. Richard Crump and Martin Cox scored Ottawa touchdowns.





Terry Metcalf rushed 17 times for 65 yards and 2 touchdowns and caught 4 passes for 61 yards to lead the Argonauts. Lester Brown, in his first CFL game, rushed 12 times for 96 yards and a touchdown to lead the Roughrider attack before 25,448 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. Zenon Andrusyshyn took advantage of the wind to kick a 57-yard field goal. Toronto quarterbacks Tony Adams and Mark Jackson complete just 10 of 25 passes for 159 passes.

Baseball
Lloyd Moseby led off the bottom of the 13th inning with a single, advanced to second base on a sacrifice bunt by Barry Bonnell, and scored from there on a single by Bob Bailor to give the Toronto Blue Jays a 4-3 win over the Baltimore Orioles before 19,117 fans at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto. All the Baltimore runs came on solo home runs by first baseman Eddie Murray.

Dave Rosello reached first base on an error by first baseman Tim Corcoran with 1 out in the bottom of the 13th inning and scored on a 2-out single by Gary Gray to give the Cleveland Indians a 5-4 win over the Detroit Tigers in the first game of a doubleheader before 10,189 fans at Cleveland Stadium. The Tigers scored 2 runs in the top of the 9th to take a 4-2 lead, but Mr. Gray came to bat as a pinch hitter with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th and hit a 2-run home run to tie the score. Mr. Gray also singled in the 12th, but was stranded at third base. Mr. Corcoran batted 4 for 6 with 2 doubles, a run, and a run batted in. The Indians scored all the runs in the 1st inning as they won the second game 3-0, with Bob Owchinko (2-6) pitching a 4-hitter to outduel Dan Petry (8-9), who allowed 5 hits in a complete game.

Bill Gullickson (9-4) pitched a 3-hitter to outduel John Candelaria (10-4) and the Montreal Expos scored 3 runs in the 1st inning as they shut out the Pittsburgh Pirates 4-0 before 56,137 fans at Olympic Stadium in Montreal to remain in first place in the National League East Division, 1 game ahead of the Philadelphia Phillies and 4½ games ahead of the third-place Pirates.

The Philadelphia Phillies scored 6 runs in the 3rd inning to take a 7-0 lead, and held on to beat the St. Louis Cardinals 8-4 before 30,137 fans at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia. Marty Bystrom (2-0) allowed 5 hits in 7 scoreless innings to get the win. The Cardinals scored all their runs--2 unearned--in the 8th off Sparky Lyle.

Jerry Royster's fourth single of the game scored Gary Cooper from second base with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Atlanta Braves a 4-3 win over the San Diego Padres before 9,270 fans at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium.

30 years ago
1990

At the movies
The Grifters, directed by Stephen Frears and starring John Cusack, Angelica Huston, and Annette Bening, received its premiere screening at the Festival of Festivals in Toronto.





War
Iraqi troops raided several Western embassies in Kuwait City. Four French citizens were seized, then released. French President Francois Mitterand denounced the incident.

The United Kingdom announced that it was sending an armoured brigade of 8,000 troops and 120 tanks to Saudi Arabia.

Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced that a squadron of CF-18 fighter jets would join Canadian forces in the Persian Gulf. The 18 jets, with about 450 flyers and ground crew, were to leave a NATO base in West Germany to provide cover for the three ships Canada had already sent to the gulf. In Mr. Mulroney’s words: "Not in 40 years has the case for Canadian action been more compelling." He also raised to $74 million the amount of Canadian aid to Kuwaiti refugees.

Economics and finance
U.S.S.R. President Mikhail Gorbachev submitted a modified version of the "Shatalin plan" to the Supreme Soviet that would retain central authority over financial matters.

The United States Labor Department reported that producer prices for finished goods had increased 1.3% in August.

Oil
Canadian Energy Minister Jake Epp approved the $5.2-billion Hibernia offshore oil project, led by Mobil Oil.

Business
Spar Aerospace bought the defense contracts of bankrupt Leigh Instruments Ltd. of Ottawa for $10 million.

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (7-4) 17 @ Calgary (6-4-1) 18

Two missed field goal attempts by Trevor Kennerd were the difference as the Stampeders edged the Blue Bombers at McMahon Stadium. In the 2nd quarter he missed from 46 yards, and Ron Hopkins returned it 128 yards for a touchdown. Mr. Kennerd missed a 30-yard attempt with 7 seconds remaining in the 4th quarter that would have won the game for the Blue Bombers. Andy McVey scored the first Calgary touchdown on a 1-yard rush in the 1st quarter. The only Winnipeg touchdown came in the 3rd quarter on a 24-yard pass from Danny McManus to Eric Streater. Mr. Streater led all receivers with 111 yards on 5 receptions.

Baseball
Ken Griffey, Sr. and Ken Griffey, Jr. of the Seattle Mariners hit consecutive home runs in the 1st inning off Kirk McCaskill, but the Mariners lost 7-5 to the California Angels before 34,180 fans at Anaheim Stadium. California right fielder Dave Winfield hit 2 home runs and drove in 5 runs.

The Oakland Athletics beat the Minnesota Twins 9-1 before 34,091 fans at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum as Dave Stewart reached the 20-win plateau for the fourth straight year.

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Tuhat yötä--Samuli Edelmann & Sani

20 years ago
2000

Died on this date
Beah Richards, 80. U.S. actress. Miss Richards, born Beulah Elizabeth Richardson, appeared in plays, movies, and television programs from the 1950s through the 1990s. She won Emmy Awards for her guest performances in the series Frank's Place (1988) and The Practice (2000); was nominated for a Tony Award for her supporting performance in The Amen Corner (1965); and was nominated for an Academy Award for her supporting performance in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967). Miss Richards was a longtime member of the Communist Party U.S.A.

Scandal
A tape made public in Peru appeared to show President Alberto Fujimori’s leading adviser seeking to bribe an opposition congressman.

Two luxury cruise ships were seized in Halifax for unpaid bills and about 1,700 passengers were put ashore.

Technology
Microsoft released the computer operating system Windows ME.

10 years ago
2010

Politics and government
Quebec Justice Minister and Liberal Party candidate Jean-Marc Fournier won a provincial by-election in the Montreal-area riding of Saint-Laurent, taking 63.9% of the vote. His nearest rival, Parti québécois candidate Philippe Leclerc, received 18% of the vote. The by-election was necessitated by the August 9 resignation of Jacques Dupuis, Public Security Minister and government leader in the National Assembly.