August 23, 2021

500 years ago
1521

World events
Christian II, King of Denmark and Norway under the Kalmar Union, was deposed as King of Sweden in a rebellion led by nobleman Gustav Vasa, who was elected regent.

480 years ago
1541

Canadiana
On his third voyage to Canada, Jacques Cartier arrived at Cap Rouge, and started to build a fort at Charlesbourg-Royale, 10 miles upstream from his old fort at Québec. It was the first official French settlement in America north of Mexico.

280 years ago
1741

Disasters
At least 2,000 people along the Japanese coast drowned in a tsunami caused by the eruption of Oshima.

190 years ago
1831

Protest
Nat Turner's slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia was suppressed, two days after it began.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Roy Agnew. Australian composer. Mr. Agnew was a pianist whose tone poems and sonatas earned him the reputation as Australia's best composer of the early 20th century. He died of septicemia on November 12, 1944 at the age of 53 after an operation for tonsilitis.

Transportation
Regular service began on the Calgary & Edmonton Railway.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Guy Bush. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Bush played with the Chicago Cubs (1923-1934); Pittsburgh Pirattes (1935-1936); Boston Bees (1936-1937); St. Louis Cardinals (1938); and Cincinnati Reds (1945), compiling a record of 176-136 with an earned run average of 3.86 and 34 saves in 542 games, batting .161 with no home runs and 52 runs batted in in 544 games. He led the National League in saves in 1925 (4) and 1929 (8), and led the NL in games pitched in 1929 (50). Mr. Bush helped the Cubs win NL pennants in 1929 and 1932 and pitched in 2 World Series games in each of those years, posting a record of 1-1 with a 5.40 in 4 games, with his win being a 3-1 complete game in the third game of the 1929 World Series against the Philadelpia Athletics--the Cubs' only win in those two Series. Mr. Bush's best season was 1933, when he was 20-12 with a 2.75 ERA. He's best remembered today for giving up Babe Ruth's last two home runs on May 25, 1935 in an 11-7 win for the Pirates over the Boston Braves. Mr. Ruth's last homer was the first ball ever hit over the right field roof at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. Mr. Bush managed the Battle Creek Belles of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League for the last part of the 1951 season and the first part of the 1952 season. He died at the age of 83 on July 2, 1985 of cardiac arrest after working in his garden.

John Sherman Cooper. U.S. politician and diplomat. Mr. Cooper, a Republican, represented the 41st District in the Kentucky House of Representatives (1928-1930) and represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate (1946-1949, 1952-1955, 1956-1973). After losing his bid for re-election in 1954, he served as U.S. Ambassador to India (1955-1956), and was credited with improving Indian-American relations, helping to thwart the U.S.S.R.'s hopes of expanding Soviet influence in India. Sen. Cooper conducted a secret fact-finding mission to Moscow and New Delhi in the early 1960s on behalf of President John F. Kennedy, and was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the Warren Commision to investigate President Kennedy's assassination in 1963. He increasingly opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through the rest of the 1960s and early '70s, and declined to run for re-election in 1972. Mr. Cooper was U.S.Ambassador to East Germany (1974-1976), and was an alternate delegate to the United Nations in 1981. He died on February 21, 1991 at the age of 89.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Betty Robinson. U.S. runner. Miss Robinson won the gold medal in the women's 100-metre dash and a silver medal in the women's 4 x 100-metre relay event at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. She suffered severe injuries in a plane crash in 1931 and was thereafter unable to kneel properly at the start of a 100-metre run, but she was able to participate in relay events, and won another gold medal as the third runner on the American team in the women's 4 x 100-meter competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Miss Robinson died of Alzheimer's disease on May 18, 1999 at the age of 87.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Kenneth Arrow. U.S. economist and political theorist. Dr. Arrow shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences with John Hicks "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory." He was a major figure in post-World War II neo-classical economic theory, and also made contributions to social choice theory, notably "Arrow's impossibility theorem" and his work on general equilibrium analysis. Dr. Arrow died on February 21, 2017 at the age of 95.

90 years ago
1931

Baseball
Lefty Grove's American League record-tying 16-game winning streak ended when Fred Schulte singled with 2 out in the bottom of the 3rd inning and center fielder Jimmy Moore misjudged a fly ball hit by Sky Melillo, allowing the ball to fall for a double and score Mr. Schulte with the game's only run as the St. Louis Browns edged the Philadelphia Athletics 1-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 22,000 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. Mr. Grove (25-3) pitched a 7-hitter, and was outraged at Mr. Moore's misplay. Winning pitcher Dick Coffman (6-9) pitched a 3-hitter. Doc Cramer, Bing Miller, Jimmy Dykes, and Waite Hoyt each had 3 hits for the Athletics as they won the second game 10-0. Mr. Hoyt (9-11) pitched a 4-hitter and had a double, run, and 2 runs batted in.

Bibb Falk led off the bottom of the 9th inning with a single and advanced to second base on a single by Glenn Myatt, where he was replaced by pinch runner Bob Seeds. Ed Montague then singled home Mr. Seeds to give the Cleveland Indians a 4-3 win over the Boston Red Sox before 10,000 fans at League Park in Cleveland. Sarge Connally (4-2) pitched a 9-hit complete game to outduel Danny MacFayden (13-9), who also pitched a 9-hit complete game.

Joe Cronin led off the 7th inning with a home run to break a 5-5 tie as the Washington Nationals held on to edge the Detroit Tigers 6-5 before 8,000 fans at Navin Field in Detroit. The Tigers had Charlie Gehringer on second base and Hub Walker on first with 2 out in the 9th, but Gee Walker popped out to end the game.

Tony Lazzeri and Babe Ruth hit home runs as part of a 7-run 2nd inning for the New York Yankees as they took a 7-0 lead and coasted to a 10-4 win over the Chicago White Sox in the first game of a doubleheader before 50,911 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Red Ruffing (12-12) pitched a 13-hit complete game victory, batting 3 for 5 with a double and a run. Red Faber (6-12) allowed 4 hits and 5 runs--4 earned--in 1+ innings to take the loss. Lou Gehrig tripled home Babe Ruth and scored on a single by Bill Dickey as the Yankees scored 2 runs in the top of the 1st inning, providing the necessary scoring as they won the second game 9-1 to complete the sweep. Ed Wells (9-3) allowed 4 hits in 7.1 scoreless innings in relief of starter Gordon Rhodes to get the win over Vic Frazier (10-13).

The St. Louis Cardinals swept a doubleheader from the Boston Braves before 35,000 fans at Braves Field, winning 16-1 and 1-0 in 11 innings. Chick Hafey batted 5 for 5 with 2 homwith 1 out in the 11th for the only run in the second game. Syl Johnson (7-7) pitched an 8-hit complete game in the opener, while Paul Derringer (14-6) pitched a 5-hit shutout in the second game to outduel Ed Brandt (16-9), who allowed 10 hits in a complete game.

Babe Herman and Del Bissonette drew bases on balls to begin the bottom of the 9th inning, and both scored when Neal Finn followed with a sacrifice bunt, and pitcher Heinie Meine made a throwing error, giving the Brooklyn Robins a 5-4 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of a doubleheader before 15,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. Relief pitcher Jack Quinn led off the bottom of the 9th inning with a single, and pinch runner Fresco Thompson advanced to second base on a single by Johnny Frederick, advanced to third on an outfield fly by Lefty O'Doul, and scored on a wild pitch by Larry French to give the Robins a 5-4 win in the second game to complete the sweep.

80 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Daddy--Swing and Sway with Sammy Kaye (vocal refrain by the Kaye Choir) (8th week at #1)

War
Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King was booed by restless Canadian Army troops in Aldershot, England when he made a speech; most of the troops had been in England for a year without seeing action. Soviet Red Army Marshal Klementy Voroshilov, commander of the Leningrad front, declared that "a terrible danger now is hanging over Leningrad," and ordered preparations for all-out defense. German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler secretly ordered that the attack on Ukraine and Crimea be given priority over the drive on Moscow.

Diplomacy
Japanese Ambassador to the United States Kichisaburō Nomura said after conferring with U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull that the gap between Japan and the United States "must be bridged."

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order directing the Navy to take over and operate the Kearny, New Jersey shipyard of Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Company, which had been closed by a Congress of Industrial Organizations strike since August 7. Youg Democratic Clubs of America, meeting in Louisville, adopted a resolution supporting full and complete aid to the U.K., U.S.S.R., and China.

Labour
The American Federation of Teachers convention in Detroit voted to complete the expulsion of locals 5 and 537 of New York and 192 of Philadelphia on charges of being controlled by Communists.

75 years ago
1946

At the movies
The Big Sleep, directed by Howard Hawks and starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, received its premiere screening. A pre-release version of the film had been shown to American soldiers overseas in 1945, but the film had been re-edited to include newly-filmed scenes to feature Miss Bacall.



World events
The Yugoslavian government reported that there were no survivors from the U.S. Army transport plane that had been downed over Yugoslavian air space on August 19--the second such incident in 10 days--all called the incident "regrettable."

Germanica
Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constituted the German Länder (states) of Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein.

Politics and government
The U.S.S.R. government announced the start of a large-scale purge of state officials, including Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov and P.V. Smirnov, head of Soviet meat and milk production.

Admiral Thawan Dhamrong Navaswat was named Siamese Prime Minister, succeeding Nai Pridi Phanamjong, who had recently resigned.

Defense
The U.S. War Department disclosed that some officers in specialist categories were being recalled to active duty "without their consent" because of poor response to the Army's request for volunteers.

Agriculture
The U.S. Agriculture Department eased some grain controls, permitting whiter bread, greater whiskey and beer production, and higher wheat exports.

Labour
The American Federation of Labor International Typographical Union ended a seven-day conference in Miami after rejecting proposals to merge with the Congress of Industrial Organizations and engage in unified political action.

The CIO National Maritime Union reached an agreement with Standard Oil Company of Indiana establishing a 48-hour workweek at sea and 44 hours in port for crews of oil tankers.

Football
NFL
College All-Star Game @ Soldier Field, Chicago
College All-Stars 16 Los Angeles Rams 0

University of Michigan running back Elroy "Crazylegs" Hirsch was named the game's Most Valuable Player as the All-Stars upset the Rams, who had moved to Los Angeles on January 12 after winning the 1945 National Football League championship as the Cleveland Rams. 97,380 were in attendance.

70 years ago
1951

War
Communist delegates suspended truce negotiations at Kaesong due to an alleged attack on the conference site by a U.S. plane.

Burma announced that it would not attend the Japanese peace treaty conference in San Francisco.

Diplomacy
Yugoslavia abandoned the Danube navigation rules adopted by the pro-Soviet Danube Conference, stating that it would formulate its own regulations for its part of the river.

Politics and government
South Africa's Afrikaner Party, led by Finance Minister Nicolaas Havenga, voted to merge with Prime Minister Daniel Malan's Nationalist Party.

Appearing before the U.S. Senate Internal Security Committee, forme Communist editor Louis Budenz named 43 alleged Communists affiliated with the Institute of Pacific Relations, including author Edgar Snow and Harvard University scholar John K. Fairbank.

New York lawyer Allen Dulles was named deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Oil
The British cabinet of Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced that it was prepared to use force to keep the Iranian refinery city of Abadan in British hands and protect its British personnel.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman asked Congress to repeal restrictions on the price control law, which he charged would jeopardize the defense program, cause inflation, and result in "enrichment and profiteering for the few, economic hardship and misery for the many."

Football
CRU
WIFU-IRFU
Pre-season
Edmonton (1-1) 21 @ Montreal 28

60 years ago
1961

Space
The United States launched Ranger 1, for the purpose of testing systems for lunar probes and particles in space. Due to a launch vehicle malfunction, the spacecraft could reach only low Earth orbit, rather than the high Earth orbit that had been planned, and was only able to complete part of its mission before re-entering the atmosphere and incinerating a week later.



Crime
English police launched a murder hunt after the a man was shot dead and a woman was found seriously wounded in a lay-by in Bedfordshire.

Baseball
Orlando Cepeda, Felipe Alou, Jim Davenport, Willie Mays, and John Orsino hit home runs for the San Francisco Giants in a 12-run 9th inning as they whipped the Cincinnati Reds 14-0 before 20,827 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati; 9 of the 12 9th-inning runs were unearned as the result of 3 errors, and Mr. Davenport's homer was inside-the-park. Joey Amalfitano led off the game with a homer as the third-place Giants moved to within 4 games of the National League-leading Reds. Juan Marichal (13-7) pitched a 3-hit shutout, while Joey Jay (18-8) took the loss.

Pinch hitter Walt Moryn led off the bottom of the 9th inning with a single, and pinch runner Dick Schofield advanced to second base on a sacrifice bunt by Bill Virdon and scored from there on a 2-out single by Dick Stuart to give the Pittsburgh Pirates a 7-6 win over the Milwaukee Braves before 15,117 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. The Pirates trailed 6-3 after 5½ innings, but Mr. Stuart led off the bottom of the 6th with a home run and Smoky Burgess doubled with 2 out and scored on a single by Don Hoak to make the score 6-5. Bob Skinner hit an inside-the-park homer leading off the 8th to tie the score.

Curt Flood singled home Stan Musial from third base with 1 out in the bottom of the 8th inning to climax a 4-run rally for the St. Louis Cardinals as they came back from a 7-4 deficit to defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers 8-7 before 13,933 fans at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, leaving the second-place Dodgers 2½ games behind the Reds. Julian Javier grounded out to lead off the bottom of the 8th, but Joe Cunningham singled, and Bill White and Ken Boyer followed with home runs.

Jackie Jensen hit a 3-run home run to climax a 4-run 8th inning for the Boston Red Sox as they beat the Washington Senators 9-4 before 5,316 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Bill Monbouquette (9-12) pitched an 8-hit complete game victory.

Johnny Temple hit a 2-run home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 5th inning to break a 1-1 tie as the Cleveland Indians beat the Detroit Tigers 4-2 before 10,460 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. Barry Latman (10-3) allowed 4 hits and 2 earned runs in 7 innings to outduel Don Mossi (13-3). Former Cleveland star Rocky Colavito hit his 34th homer of the season for Detroit.

Camilo Pascual (11-13) pitched a 2-hitter, while Zoilo Versalles singled home Earl Battey and Bill Tuttle and scored on a single by Lenny Green in a 3-run 2nd inning for the Minnesota Twins as they shut out the Chicago White Sox 4-0 before 17,761 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Cal McLish (8-12) allowed 4 hits and 3 earned runs in 1.1 innings to take the loss.

Jim Gentile, who had already hit 2 home runs and driven in 3 runs, led off the top of the 12th inning with a double and scored from third base on a single by Ron Hansen to break a 5-5 tie as the Baltimore Orioles defeated the Kansas City Athletics 7-5 before 5,429 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City.

Roger Maris tripled home Billy Gardner from first base with 2 out in the top of the 10th inning to break a 6-6 tie and scored on a wild pitch by Ron Moeller as the New York Yankees defeated the Los Angeles Angels 8-6 before 19,773 fans at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. New York first baseman Bill Skowron batted 3 for 3 with a home run, double, and 4 runs batted in.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Eagle Rock--Daddy Cool (9th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Watashi no Jōkamachi--Rumiko Koyanagi (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Help (Get Me Some Help)--Tony Ronald

Diplomacy
The U.S.A., U.K., U.S.S.R., and France reached agreement on a draft of principles for a Berlin settlement that included "unimpeded access to the city."

Politics and government
A political crisis that had been developing for three days resulted in South Vietnam, with the resignations of General Duong Van Minh and Vice President Nguyen Cao Ky from the presidential race, leaving incumbent President Nguyen Van Thieu as the sole candidate.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Celebration--Kool & The Gang

#1 single in Switzerland: Stars on 45 Volume 2--Stars on 45

Football
CFL
British Columbia (6-1) 29 @ Montreal (1-6) 14
Toronto (0-8) 14 @ Saskatchewan (4-3) 38

30 years ago
1991

World events
U.S.S.R. President Mikhail Gorbachev began his purge of cabinet members and officials involved in the failed coup attempt of four days earlier.

Technology
Tim Berners-Lee opened the World Wide Web (WWW) to new users.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): e.p.--Gyllene Tider (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Wannabe--Spice Girls (3rd week at #1)

At the movies
The Island of Dr. Moreau, directed by Johnb Frankenheimer, and starring Marlon Brando, Val Kilmer, David Thewlis, and Fairuza Balk, opened in theatres.







Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (2-7) 16 @ Montreal (5-4) 23 (OT)
Hamilton (4-5) 8 @ Edmonton (6-3) 35

Tracy Ham rushed 57 yards for a touchdown with 37 seconds remaining in the 2nd overtime period to give the Alouettes their win over the Roughriders before 26,511 fans at Olympic Stadium. The Roughriders led by 8 points with 3 minutes left in regulation time.

Danny McManus rushed for a touchdown, handed off to Willie Pless and Eric Blount for TDs, and passed to Eddie Brown for another touchdown to lead the Eskimos over the Tiger-Cats before 27,202 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. Mr. Blount rushed 14 times for 109 yards.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Kathleen Freeman, 82. U.S. actress. Miss Freeman had a long career as a character actress in numerous plays, television programs, and movies, usually in comic roles as acerbic maids, secretaries, neighbours, or relatives. She died of lung cancer.

Peter Maas, 72. U.S. author. Mr. Maas wrote two novels, but was known for his non-fiction books, mainly about crime. His books included The Valachi Papers (1968) and Serpico: The Cop Who Defied the System (1973).

Baseball
Jason Jennings (1-0), in his major league debut, pitched a 5-hit shutout and batted 3 for 5, singling home a run in the 7th inning and hitting a solo home run in the 9th, to lead the Colorado Rockies to a 10-0 win over the New York Mets before 27,430 fans at Shea Stadium in New York.

With 2 out and nobody on base in the top of the 11th inning, pinch hitter Orlando Merced singled, stole second base, and scored from there on a single by Craig Biggio to break a 1-1 tie as the Houston Astros edged the Philadelphia Phillies 2-1 before 16,062 fans at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia.

10 years ago
2011

World events
Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi was overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces took control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the Libyan Civil War.

Scandal
Judges in New York put an end to the sensational sexual assault case against former managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Dominique Strauss-Kahn, setting him free after prosecutors questioned the credibility of the hotel housekeeper who'd accused the French economist and politician.

Disasters
A magnitude 5.8 earthquake struck Virginia; damage occurred to monuments and structures in Washington, D.C., and the resulted damage was estimated at $200 million–$300 million.