March 6, 2011

1,050 years ago
961

War
The siege of Chandax ended in a victory for Byzantine Empire forces led by Nikephoros Phokas, resulting in the end of the Emirate of Crete.

490 years ago
1521

Exploration
Ferdinand Magellan arrived at Guam.

480 years ago
1531

Died on this date
Pedro Arias Dávila, 90 or 91. Spanish military officer and politician. Colonel Arias, aka Pedrarias, served in several wars in the first decade of the 16th century. In 1514, he took office as Governor and captain general of Castilla de Oro, which included territories of the present countries of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and the northern part of Colombia, serving until 1526. Captain General Arias founded Panama City in 1519, and moved his capital there in 1524. He was Governor of Nicaragua from 1528 until his death. Pedrarias has not been kindly remembered by history; his harsh treatment of both natives and Spaniards under his command earned him the nickname "Furor Domini" ("Wrath of God").

180 years ago
1831

Born on this date
Philip Sheridan. U.S. military officer. General Sheridan claimed to have been born in Albany, New York, but he may have been born on a ship carrying his parents from Ireland. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1853, and served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, rising rapidly to the rank of major general and being closely associated with General U.S. Grant. Gen. Sheridan's forces defeated Confederate foces in the Battle of Shenandoah Valley in 1864, and were instrumental in forcing the surrender of General Robert E. Lee in 1865. Gen. Sheridan fought in the Indian Wars on the Great Plains in later years, and was instrumental in the protection of Yellowstone National Park. He died of heart failure on August 5, 1888 at the age of 57.

175 years ago
1836

War
The Alamo at San Antonio, Texas fell to Mexican forces under the command of General Santa Anna after 11 days of resistance.

140 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Afonso Costa. Prime Minister of Portugal, 1913-1914, 1915-1916, 1916, 1917. Mr. Costa was the leader of the Portuguese Republican Party and the subsequent Democratic Party faction. Following the proclamation of the First Republic in 1910, he was Minister for Justice in the provisional government of President Teófilo Braga. He served four brief terms as Prime Minister during a period of political instability, and was known for taking measures to establish a separation of church and state. Mr. Costa went into exile in Paris following a military coup d'état led by Sidónio Pais in December 1917, and never again lived in Portugal, although he led the Portuguese delegation at the Paris Peace Conference from March-June 1919, and signed the Treaty of Versailles on behalf of Portugal. He refused subsequent offers to lead the Portuguese government, and died in Paris on May 11, 1937 at the age of 66.

120 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Lidia Quaranta. Italian actress. Miss Quaranta appeared in more than 70 movies, but was best known for her starring role in Cabiria (1914). She died of pneumonia on March 5, 1928, the day before her 37th birthday.

90 years ago
1921

At the movies
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, produced and directed by Rex Ingram, and starring Pomeroy Cannon, Josef Swickard, Bridgetta Clark, Rudolph Valentino, Wallace Beery, and Alice Terry, received its premiere screening in New York City.



70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Gutzon Borglum, 73. U.S. sculptor. Mr. Borglum was best known for designing the sculpture of four American presidents at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota. The work was unfinished at the time of Mr. Borglum's death from surgical complications, but was completed under the supervision of his son Lincoln.

Diplomacy
Regent Prince Paul of Yugoslavia called a conference to decide the country's course, which the government said would be to try to compromise with the Axis. U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull asked the Italian government to close its consulates in Detroit and Newark for national policy reasons.

Americana
The U.S. National Refugee Service estimated that about 130,000 European refugees were in the United States.

Protest
5,000 members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations attended an anti-war rally in New York City, where the Lend-Lease bill was denounced as "imperialistic."

Academia
William Canning, a history instructor at City College of New York, testifed before the Rapp-Coudert state legislative committee that 40-50 faculty members were present or former members of the Communist Party.

Law
A new law promulgated by the Vichy regime in France stipulated that Roman Catholic Church properties confiscated by the government at the time of the separation of church and state would be restored by 1943.

Transportation
The U.S. House of Representatives voted to establish a committee to probe civil airline crashes, which had killed 55 people in the last eight months.

Labour
The U.S. National Industrial Conference Board estimated the numboer of unemployed in January at 7,664,000, up more than 700,000 from December 1940.

Boxing
Lou Transparenti (27-17) won a 10-round unanimous decision over world bantamweight champion Lou Salica (52-5-12) in a non-title bout at Baltimore Arena.

Baseball
New York Yankees' center fielder Joe Dimaggio ended his holdout, signing his 1941 contract for $35,000, $2,500 more than he'd made in 1940, when he had wonn his second straight batting title.

60 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, starring Pat Hingle and Basil Rathbone

Died on this date
Volodymyr Vynnychenko, 70. Prime Minister of Ukrainian People's Republic, 1917-1918. Mr. Vynnychenko was a modernist writer who wrote short stories, novels, and plays, reflecting his involvement in the Ukrainian revolutionary milieu. He led the first government of independent Ukraine, serving as Chairman of the Directory from December 1918-February 1919. Mr. Vynnychenko resigned and spent the remainder of his life elsewhere in Europe, resuming his writing career. He died in France.

Ivor Novello, 58. U.K. entertainer. Mr. Novello, born David Ivor Davies, first achieved success as a songwriter, with his most popular composition being Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914). He then achieved success as an actor on stage and in movies such as The Lodger (1927) and Downhill (1927). Mr. Novello returned to writing stage musicals in the 1930s and 1940s, such as Glamorous Night (1935) and Perchance to Dream (1945). He died of a heart attack, hours after completing a performance in King's Rhapsody (1949).

War
Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command General Douglas MacArthur warned that Chinese Communist forces were massing tanks and 120,000 men in the area just below the 38th Parallel for a spring offensive.

Crime
The espionage trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg began in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, with Judge Irving Kaufman presiding. Assistant U.S. Attorney Irving Saypol led the prosecution and criminal defense lawyer Emmanuel Bloch represented the Rosenbergs.

Diplomacy
Western and Soviet representatives in Paris clashed over he topics to be discussed, with U.S.S.R. Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko insisting that the meeting focus on the questions of German unity and rearmament.

Politics and government
The U.S.A., U.K., and France allowed West Germany to establish a foreign ministry in return for a West German promise to assume responsibility for pre-World War II German debts.

Health
Haven Emerson, honourary president of the Association on American Indian Affairs, announced that the tuberculosis death rate of most Indian groups in the United States and Alaska was 9-14 times that of surrounding white populations.

Basketball
NCAA
An Associated Press poll of sportswriters named the University of Kentucky, Oklahoma A&M University, Columbia University, Kansas State University, and the University of Illinois as the top teams in the U.S.A.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): The Green Leaves of Summer--The Brothers Four (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Non, je ne regrette rien--Édith Piaf (8th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Pony Time--Chubby Checker (2nd week at #1)
2 Surrender--Elvis Presley
3 Wheels--The String-A-Longs
4 Don't Worry--Marty Robbins
5 Where the Boys Are--Connie Francis
6 Calcutta--Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra
7 Baby Sittin' Boogie--Buzz Clifford
8 Dedicated to the One I Love--The Shirelles
9 There's a Moon Out Tonight--The Capris
10 Ebony Eyes--The Everly Brothers

Singles entering the chart were On the Rebound by Floyd Cramer (#51); Baby Blue by the Echoes (#66); That's It - I Quit - I'm Movin' On by Sam Cooke (#66); One Mint Julep by Ray Charles (#70); Find Another Girl by Jerry Butler (#74); Portrait of My Love by Steve Lawrence (#76); Runaway by Del Shannon (#77); It's Unbelievable by the Larks (#78); Hide Away by Freddy King (#81); The Second Time Around by Frank Sinatra (#86); Blue Moon by the Marcels (#87); Blue Moon by Herb Lance and the Classics (#89); Little Miss Stuck-Up by the Playmates (#92); Tonight I Fell in Love by the Tokens (#93); Milord by Edith Piaf (#95); Ling-Ting-Tong by Buddy Knox (#97); I Lied to My Heart by the Enchanters (#99); and Apache by Sonny James (#100).

Died on this date
George Formby, Jr., 56. U.K. entertainer. Mr. Formby, born George Hoy Booth, was the son of music hall performer George Formby, Sr., and followed his father into show business. Mr. Formby, Jr. was Britain's most popular entertainer in the 1930s and '40s on stage, screen, and recordings, singing comical songs while playing a ukulele. His health began to decline in the late 1940s, and he performed less frequently. Mr. Formby died of a heart attack, and was mourned throughout England.

Society
U.S. President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order "to insure that Americans of all colors and beliefs will have equal access to employment within the Government, and with those who do business with the Government." The order replaced two old presidential committees, one on government employment policy and the other on government contracts, with the new President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Mr. Kennedy named Vice-President Lyndon Johnson as chairman of the new committee and Labor Secretary Arthur Goldberg as vice-chairman. The committee was given wide powers of investigation and enforcement.

Economics and finance
The Netherlands revalued the guilder upward by 4.75%, chiefly to maintain stability of trade with West Germany, which had revalued the mark upward by 5% two days earlier. The revaluations were expected to ease pressure on the U.S. dollar.

Boxing
Alex Miteff (23-7-1) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Alonzo Johnson (18-7) in a heavyweight bout at St. Nicholas Arena in New York.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Vent'anni--Massimo Ranieri (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Baby Jump--Mungo Jerry

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (4th week at #1)
2 The Pushbike Song--The Mixtures
3 Knock Three Times--Dawn
4 Eleanor Rigby--Zoot
5 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
6 Band of Gold--Freda Payne
7 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family
8 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
9 Apeman--The Kinks
10 My Baby's Gone--Axiom

Singles entering the chart were Blame it on the Pony Express by Johnny Johnson and the Bandwagon (#55); Black and Blue by Chain (#56); and Bonnie Please Don't Go by Kevin Johnson (#60).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Du--Peter Maffray
2 Nothing Rhymed--Gilbert O'Sullivan
3 Butterfly--Danyel Gerard
4 Hup Daar is Willem!--Ed en Willem Bever
5 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
6 Bridget the Midget--Ray Stevens
7 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival
8 Holy Holy Life--Golden Earring
9 Silver Moon--Michael Nesmith & the First National Band
10 Your Song--Elton John

Singles entering the chart were Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep by Middle of the Road (#12); Shocking You by Shocking Blue (#16); Don't Waste Your Time by the Cats (#19); Invitation by Earth and Fire (#22); Spanish Rose by Van Morrison (#29); We'll Fly You to the Promised Land by the Les Humphries Singers (#32); The War Will Soon Be Over (My Love) by Cobra (#33); The Pushbike Song by the Mixtures (#39); and Hold on to What You've Got by Bill & Buster (#40).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds (4th week at #1)
2 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
3 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
4 Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)--The Temptations
5 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
6 She's a Lady--Tom Jones
7 For All We Know--Carpenters
8 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
9 Mr. Bojangles--Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
10 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion

Singles entering the chart were Another Day/Oh Woman, Oh Why by Paul McCartney (#55); When There's No You by Engelbert Humperdinck (#67); If it's Real What I Feel by Jerry Butler featuring Brenda Lee [Eager] (#72); Tongue in Cheek by Sugarloaf (#73); Woodstock by Matthews' Southern Comfort (#83); Pushbike Song by the Mixtures (#84); Snow Blind Friend by Steppenwolf (#85); Chick-A-Boom (Don't Ya Jes' Love It) by Daddy Dewdrop (#87); Spinning Wheel (Part 1) by James Brown (#90); I Pity the Fool by Ann Peebles (#92); Stay Awhile by the Bells (#99); and What About Me by Quicksilver Messenger Service (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
2 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
3 Have You Ever Seen the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
4 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
5 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
6 Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family
7 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
8 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
9 She's a Lady--Tom Jones
10 Don't Let the Green Grass Fool You--Wilson Pickett

Singles entering the chart were Another Day (#48)/Oh Woman, Oh Why (#58) by Paul McCartney; Sit Yourself Down by Stephen Stills (#60); When There's No You by Engelbert Humperdinck (#70); Where Did They Go, Lord by Elvis Presley (#71); Joy to the World by Three Dog Night (#73); Snow Blind Friend by Steppenwolf (#74); Dream Baby (How Long Must I Dream) by Glen Campbell (#76); Baby Let Me Kiss You by King Floyd (#79); Don't Make Me Pay for His Mistakes by Z.Z. Hill (#84); Chick-A-Boom (Don't Ya Jes' Love It) by Daddy Dewdrop (#85); I Don't Know How to Love Him by Helen Reddy (#86); Too Many Lovers by Shack (#87); Don't Change on Me by Ray Charles (#88); Hot Pants by Salvage (#89); Celia of the Seals by Donovan (#93); Pushbike Song by the Mixtures (#94); Could I Forget You by Tyrone Davis (#97); Woodstock by Matthews' Southern Comfort (#98); I Believe in Music by Marian Love (#99); and Stay Awhile by the Bells (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds (3rd week at #1)
2 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
3 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
4 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival
5 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
6 Mr. Bojangles--Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
7 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
8 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
9 Theme from Love Story--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
10 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin

Singles entering the chart were Ain't Got Time by the Impressions (#75); Dream Baby (How Long Must I Dream) by Glen Campbell (#78); Tongue in Cheek by Sugarloaf (#80); Sit Yourself Down by Stephen Stills (#83); When There's No You by Engelbert Humperdinck (#84); I Pity the Fool by Ann Peebles (#91); One Man's Leftovers (Is Another Man's Feast) by 100 Proof Aged in Soul (#93); I Don't Know How to Love Him by Helen Reddy (#94); Don't Make Me Pay for His Mistakes by Z.Z. Hill (#96); and I'll Be Home by Vikki Carr (#98).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds (2nd week at #1)
2 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 Mr. Bojangles--Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
4 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
5 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
6 Hang on to Your Life--The Guess Who
7 Watching Scotty Grow--Bobby Goldsboro
8 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
9 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
10 Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family

Singles entering the chart were Another Day by Paul McCartney (#72); You're All I Need to Get By by Aretha Franklin (#73); Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes by the 5th Dimension (#78); When There's No You by Engelbert Humperdinck (#79); Tongue in Cheek by Sugarloaf (#80); Pushbike Song by the Mixtures (#83); Wild World by the Gentrys (#84); Snow Blind Friend by Steppenwolf (#87); Walk by the River by Steel River (#92); Fuddle Duddle by Antique Fair (#95); Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me) by the Temptations (#96); Do the Fuddle Duddle by the House of Commons (#97); Tulsa by Billy Joe Royal (#99); and Angel Baby by Dusk (#100).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
2 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
3 Woodstock--Matthews' Southern Comfort
4 Stay Awhile--The Bells
5 Theme from Love Story--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
6 Have You Ever Seen the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 Carry Me--Stampeders
8 I was Wondering--The Poppy Family
9 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
10 1900 Yesterday--Liz Damon's Orient Express
Pick hit of the week: What is Life--George Harrison

Died on this date
Blair Richardson, 30. Canadian boxer. Mr. Richardson, a native of Sydney, Nova Scotia, won the Canadian middleweight title with an 8-round technical knockout over Wilf Greaves in 1962. He fought Gomeo Brennan for the Commonwealth title in September 1965, but was knocked out in 11 rounds. Six months later, he won the title from Mr. Brennan in a 13-round split decision, and still held both titles when he decided to retire from boxing in 1967 because he had "lost his viciousness." Mr. Richardson, who retired with a professional record of 45-5-2, died of a brain tumour.

War
Reinforced South Vietnamese troops pushed into Sepone after seizing the heights overlooking the deserted town.

Disasters
28 elderly patients suffocated when fire swept through the University of Zurich's psychiatric clinic at Burgholzli, Switzerland.

Curling
In a three-way playoff to determine the winner of the Brier at Pavilion de la Jeunesse in Quebec City, Bill Tetley's Northern Ontario rink edged Bob Pickering of Saskatchewan 10-9 in the semi-final after defending champion Don Duguid of Manitoba had drawn a bye. In the final, Mr. Duguid defeated Mr. Tetley 11-6 to win his second straight Brier.

Baseball
Denny McLain started and pitched 4 strong innings to earn the win as the Washington Senators defeated the Montreal Expos 3-1 in a spring training game in West Palm Beach, Florida. Steve Renko started on the mound for the Expos and was relieved by Howie Reed, who took the loss.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): När vi två blir en--Gyllene Tider (13th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Reality--Richard Sanderson (6th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre
2 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
3 Lady--Kenny Rogers
4 Can You Feel It--The Jacksons
5 Passion--Rod Stewart
6 Stop the Cavalry--Jona Lewie
7 Never Knew Love Like This Before--Stephanie Mills
8 A Lot of Things--Peach
9 I'm Alright--Kenny Loggins
10 Give Me Back My Love--Maywood

The only single entering the chart was Cry to Me by Precious Wilson & Sky Train (#18).

On television tonight
CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite

Mr. Cronkite delivered his last broadcast as the anchorman of the program after 18 years in the position. He was succeeded by Dan Rather.



Terrorism
Three political dissidents who had hijacked a Pakistani jetliner with 117 people aboard to Kabul, Afghanistan on March 2 killed one of the hostages--a Pakistani diplomat--and set a deadline for the next day to release 90 Pakistanis who were being held in Karachi as political prisoners.

Judge Jean Keable concluded that there was undue interference by the police following the October Crisis in 1970; the Keable Report was commissioned by the government of Québec to look into police wrongdoing.

Politics and government
U.S. President Ronald Reagan held his second news conference as President, announcing reductions in the size of the federal government as part of his budget. He also answered questions on other subjects, such as abortion.



Environment
In New Delhi, delegates from 37 countries attending the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora voted to outlaw trade in the products of three species of whale. Japan voted against the measure, while the U.S.A., U.S.S.R., and several other countries abstained. The trade affected by the ban was the oil, meat, and bones of the sperm, sei, and fin whales, virtually the only species of whale still hunted commercially. Under the provisions of the treaty, customs officials would now confiscate any products made from the protected wildlife.

Economics and finance
The United States Labor Department reported that producer prices had risen 0.8% in February, probably caused by price increases announced by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in December and January.

25 years ago
1986

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CITV
Tonight’s episode: Profile in Silver, starring Lane Smith; Button Button, starring Mare Winningham and Brad Davis

Space
The Soviet probe Vega 1 came within 5,600 miles of the nucleus of Halley’s Comet. The comet was making its closest approach to Earth in 75 years.

Politics and government
The 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union concluded with more personnel changes reflecting the influence of general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. More than 1/3 of the 307-member Central Committee was changed. Lev Zaikov, supervisor of the U.S.S.R.’s military-industrial complex, became the 12th member of the Politburo. Five new party secretaries--the individuals who implement policies approved by the Politburo--were named. They included Anatoly Dobrynin, who had been U.S.S.R. Ambassador to the U.S.A. for 24 years; it was assumed that he would now have a major role in carrying our foreign policy. The other new secretaries included Aleksandra Biryukova, the first woman in 25 years to rise so high in the leadership ranks.

Defense
U.S. Senator Nancy Kassebaum (Republican--Kansas) said that the issue of aiding the Contras in Nicaragua who were opposing that country’s Sandanista government was not "a simple choice between good freedom fighters and evil Marxists." U.S. President Ronald Reagan suggested that some members of Congress were being duped by Communists.

Crime
The second report of the U.S. President’s Commission on Organized Crime charged that the Teamsters Union was the union most controlled by organized crime. Two former Teamsters’ presidents, Jimmy Hoffa and Roy Williams, were said to be "direct instruments of organized crime." The report also said that organized crime had great influence over the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union; the Laborers’ International Union of North America; and the International Longshoremen’s Association. The commission said that entire segments of some industries, including construction, meat processing, trucking, garbage collection, and waterfront trade, were under the control of organized crime.

Terrorism
A commission appointed by Philadelphia mayor Wilson Goode to investigate the May 1985 fatal bombing by police of the headquarters of the terrorist group MOVE concluded that Mr. Goode had been "grossly negligent." The barricaded radicals were in the midst of an armed confrontation when a bomb dropped down the chimney of their headquarters building exploded and started a fire, killing 11 people--including 5 children--and destroyed 61 homes in the neighbourhood. The investigators found the planned attack "reckless" and "ill-conceived," and the amount of explosives used excessive. They also found the fire commissioner and former police commissioner primarily responsible for the deaths, and called for a grand jury investigation. The panel said that Mr. Goode had erred in not participating actively in the preparation, review, and oversight of the planned attack.

Health
A study published in the March 6 issue of New England Journal of Medicine found that moderate exercise could significantly diminish the risk of death from all causes. The study followed 16,936 male Harvard University alumni from 1962-1978 and found that those who expended 2,000 calories a week in walking, climbing stairs, and sports had death rates that were ¼ -1/3 lower than those who were more sedentary. The researchers found that exercise could partly counter the damaging effects of cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, and a hereditary tendency toward early death. College athletes who later became sedentary had higher death rates than men who maintained moderate activity through life.

Disasters
Sally Ride, the first American woman to go into space and a member of the U.S. presidential panel investigating the January 28 explosion of the space shuttle Challenger, said that she was "not ready to fly again."

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Crazy--Seal (4th week at #1)

On television tonight
The Wonder Years, on ABC
Tonight’s episode: Road Trip

War
U.S. President George Bush, in an address to Congress, said that the allies, in achieving victory in the Gulf War, had passed the first test under the new world order.

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 1 @ Minnesota 5

10 years ago
2001

Labour
The United States Senate voted 56-44 to defeat a bill introduced by then-President Bill Clinton to introduce regulations that would have required employers to provide a work environment that would protect them from repetitive stress injuries.

Disasters
More than 40 schoolchildren, some as young as 8, were killed when an explosion ripped through their primary school, demolishing several classrooms. The school had used the children to assemble fireworks to help raise money.