September 3, 2011

1,710 years ago
301

Europeana
San Marino, the world's oldest republic still in existence, was founded by Saint Marinus.

1,080 years ago
931

Died on this date
Uda, 65. Emperor of Japan, 887-897. Uda, born Sadami, acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Kōkō. His reign was marked by a long struggle to assert the power of the Imperial Family against the Fujiwara clan. Emperor Uda abdicated in 897 in favour of his son Daigo, and became a Buddhist priest in 900.

600 years ago
1411

Diplomacy
The Treaty of Selymbria was concluded between the Republic of Venice and Ottoman prince Musa Çelebi, ruler of the European portion of the Ottoman Empire (Rumelia), at Selymbria. The treaty largely repeated previous agreements between Venice and Ottoman rulers, and recognized the possessions of the Republic in Greece and Albania.

360 years ago
1651

War
Oliver Cromwell's 28,000-man Parliamentary New Model Army defeated King Charles II's 16,000 Royalists, of whom the vast majority were Scottish, in the Battle of Worcester, the last significant action in the English Civil War.

200 years ago
1811

Born on this date
John Humphrey Noyes. U.S. religious leader. Mr. Noyes underwent a religious conversion at the age of 20; he claimed to be a Christian, but eventually embraced the unbiblical doctrine that believers can attain sinless perfection in this life. He claimed to have achieved sinlessness, and in 1848 founded the Oneida Community near Oneida, New York. The community, which practiced communalism, complex marriage, male sexual continence, and mutual criticism, grew to over 300 members by 1878, and had branches in other locales. In 1879, one of Mr. Noyes' associates warned him that he was about to be arrested for statutory rape; Mr. Noyes fled to Niagara Falls, Ontario, but continued to advise his followers until his death on April 13, 1886 at the age of 74. The Oneida Community formally dissolved and converted to a joint stock company on January 1, 1881.

160 years ago
1851

Born on this date
Olga Constantinovna. Queen consort of the Hellenes, 1867-1913. Olga, a granddaughter of Czar Nikolai I, niece of Czar Nikolai II, and first cousin of Czar Nikolai III of Russia, married King George I of Greece in 1867. She became involved in charitable activities, and the couple had eight children. King George was assassinated in 1913, and dowager Queen Olga returned to Russia, where she remained until the Bolshevik Revolution. Intervention by the Danish embassy allowed her to escape to Switzerland, but she was unable to return to Greece, as her son King Constantine I had been deposed in favour of his son Alexander. Following King Alexander's sudden death in 1920, Olga returned to Greece, serving as regent from November-December 1920 until Constantine I was returned to the throne. He was forced to abdicate in September 1922, and dowager Queen Olga was forced into exile again, spendin her last years in declining health, mainly in Paris and Rome. She died on June 18, 1926 at the age of 74.

150 years ago
1861

War
Confederate Army General Leonidas Polk invaded neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union Army assistance.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Eduard van Beinum. Dutch orchestra conductor. Mr. van Beinum began his musical career as a violinist and pianist before moving into conducting. He led several orchestras, most notably Amsterdam's Concertgebouw Orchestra, becoming second conductor in 1931 and eventually serving as principal conductor. Mr. van Beinum suffered from heart problems for years, and was conducting a rehearsal of the Concertgebouw Orchestra on April 13, 1959 at the age of 57 when he suffered a fatal heart attack on the podium.

100 years ago
1911

Tennis
William Larned, 38, defeated Maurice McLoughlin to win his fifth straight United States national men's singles championship at Forest Hills, New York.

90 years ago
1921

Died on this date
Jim Clinton, 71. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Clinton was an outfielder, third baseman, and pitcher with three teams in the National Association (1872-1875) and five teams in the major leagues (1876, 1882-1886), batting .197 with no home runs and 12 runs batted in in 58 games in the NA and .256 with 4 homers and 43 RBIs in 368 games in the major leagues. Mr. Clinton was 1-14 with an earned run average of 3.67 in 18 NA games, and 0-1 with a 6.00 ERA in 1 game in the National League (1876). He spent his last days at Kings Park Psychiatric Center in Kings Park, New York, and died 24 days after his 71st birthday.

Baseball
Babe Ruth hit his 50th home run of the season to help the New York Yankees defeat the Washington Nationals 9-3 before 25,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. Carl Mays (22-9) pitched an 8-hit complete game victory and batted 2 for 3 with a base on balls, triple, 2 runs, and a run batted in.

The Boston Red Sox scored 2 runs in the bottom of the 8th inning as they came back from an early 5-1 deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Athletics 11-10 before 2,500 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. The game was played in 1 hour 47 minutes.

Bobby Veach singled home 2 runs with the bases loaded and Harry Heilmann followed with a sacrifice fly to score Ty Cobb as the Detroit Tigers scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 8th inning to break a 7-7 tie and defeat the Cleveland Indians 10-7 at Navin Field in Detroit. Philadelphia left fielder Tillie Walker batted 3 for 6 with a base on balls, triple, 2 runs, and 6 runs batted in; his grand slam was the big blow of a 5-run 7th inning.

The Chicago White Sox scoed 2 runs in the 1st inning and 6 in the 2nd en route to a 12-1 rout of the St. Louis Browns at Comiskey Park in Chicago. John Russell (2-2) pitched a 7-hit complete game victory. Joe DeBerry, the last of four St. Louis pitchers, pitched a scoreless 8th inning, walking 1 batter and striking out none, making 1 assist, in the 20th and last game of his 2-year major league career.

Jimmy Ring (9-15) pitched a 4-hitter to outduel Hugh McQuillan (12-15) as the Philadelphia Phillies defeated the Boston Braves 4-1 in the first game of a doubleheader before 10,000 fans at National League Park in Philadelphia. The Braves scored 5 runs in the 6th inning and 6 in the 7th as they won the second game 15-4. Jack Scott (13-10) pitched an 11-hit complete game victory and batted 2 for 4 with a base on balls and 3 runs.

Rube Marquard (14-12) pitched a 4-hitter to outduel Vic Keen (0-1), who allowed 9 hits and 4 earned runs in 7 innings, as the Cincinnati Reds shut out the Chicago Cubs 4-0 at Redland Field.

The New York Giants scored 3 runs in the top of the 4th inning to take a 5-0 lead as they defeated the Brooklyn Robins 5-1 before 22,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn in a game that was called because of rain after 7 innings. Jesse Barnes (13-8) pitched a 9-hitter to outduel Dutch Ruether (10-12), who allowed 9 hits and 5 earned runs in a complete game. The win moved the Giants 1 percentage point behind the idle National League-leading Pittsburgh Pirates.

70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Edward T. Taylor, 83. U.S. politician. Mr. Taylor, a Democrat, represented Colorado in the United States House of Representatives from 1909 until his death.

War
The U.S.S.R. claimed that counterattacks in the Smolensk-Gomel area on the central front had driven German forces back more than 30 miles and recaptured 22 towns and villages during the past 10 days. The Chinese government in Chungking claimed that Chinese forces had driven the Japanese out of the port of Foochow, Fukien. The Japanese claimed to have evacuated the port voluntarily.

Abominations
Karl Fritzsch, Nazi deputy camp commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp, experimented with the use of Zyklon B in the gassing of Soviet prisoners of war.

Diplomacy
A letter from Japanese Prime Minister Prince Fujimaro Konoye to U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt offering to come to the United States to have talks aimed at preventing war was leaked to the New York Herald-Tribune. The letter was presented to Mr. Roosevelt by the Japanese ambassador on August 28, who pleaded that it not be kept secret, lest Prince Konoye's government be placed in jeopardy of defeat.

U.S. President Roosevelt appointed Major General James Burns, Major General George Brett, Admiral William Standley, and William Batt to accompany Averell Harriman to the three-power conference in Moscow.

Three defendants pled guilty to being unregistered foreign agents just before a German spy ring trial opened in Brooklyn.

Politics and government
The Japanese Imperial Rule Assistance Association, meeting in Tokyo, adopted a resolution stating that Japan must speedily complete "the wartime structure in order to force the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere."

Crime
The U.S. government sued Al Capone and 14 officers of his former gang in Chicago for $250,000 in taxes and penalties on beer confiscated during Prohibition.

Oil
500 delegates to the Eastern Filling Station Proprietors' Conference in Philadelphia adopted a resolution urging the U.S. government to permit gasoline price increases to compensate for the diminished amount sold.

Labour
Anti-Communist James B. Carey was defeated by Albert J. Fitzgerald 635-539 for the presidency of the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers at the union's convention.

60 years ago
1951

On television today
Search for Tomorrow, on CBS

This was the first broadcast of the long-running soap opera.

Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Blackwood Halt, starring Stella Andrew and Frederic Tozere

War
United Nations commander General James Van Fleet warned of increasing Communist troop strength near the front line in Korea, indicating a possible new offensive in the near future.

World events
Bolivia announced the suppression of a revolutionary plot involving national police officers.

Diplomacy
Spain established diplomatic relations with Iraq.

Economics and finance
The Arab League Political Committee in Cairo called on the League's seven member states to tighten their economic blockade of Israel, especially with regard to oil supplies.

U.S. President Harry Truman and Treasury Secretary John Snyder launched the largest peacetime U.S. savings bond drive, aimed at bolstering defense funds and controlling inflation.

Disasters
The Labor Day weekend in the United States ended with a record 659 accident fatalities, 456 in traffic accidents.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Toronto (1-1) 6 @ Hamilton (2-0) 27

WIFU
Winnipeg (2-2) 24 @ Saskatchewan (3-1) 22
Calgary (0-4) 0 @ Edmonton (3-1) 5

Edmonton fullback Normie Kwong, playing his first game against his former team, scored a touchdown to account for all the scoring in the Eskimos' win over the Stampeders at Clarke Stadium.

50 years ago
1961

Football
CFL
Montreal (0-4-1) 24 @ Ottawa (4-1) 25

Baseball
Elston Howard's 3-run home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning gave the New York Yankees an 8-5 win over the Detroit Tigers before 55,676 fans at Yankee Stadium and a 4½-game lead over Detroit in the American League pennant race. The Tigers were leading 5-4 when Mickey Mantle hit his second homer of the game and 50th of the season to tie the game 5-5 to lead off the bottom of the 9th. Mr. Mantle and Roger Maris, with 53 home runs, were the first teammates to each hit at least 50 homers in the same season. Tom Tresh made his major league debut with the Yankees, pinch running for Johnny Blanchard in the 7th and being stranded at first base.

Jackie Brandt led off the bottom of the 11th inning with a base on balls and scored from third base on a 1-out single by Ron Hansen to give the Baltimore Orioles a 1-0 win over the Cleveland Indians before 8,100 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Steve Barber (16-10) pitched a 5-hit shutout, while Cleveland starter Gary Bell allowed 4 hits in 10 innings.

Pinch hitter Billy Goodman doubled home Minnie Minoso and Al Pilarcik with 2 out in the top of the 9th inning to enable the Chicago White Sox to defeat the Washington Senators 5-4 in the first game of a doubleheader before 6,984 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington. Juan Pizarro (12-5) pitched a 5-hitter for the White Sox as they won the second game 4-1 to complete the sweep.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): I Did What I Did for Maria--Tony Christie (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Co-Co--The Sweet (2nd week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Co-Co--The Sweet (4th week at #1)
2 He's Gonna Step on You Again--John Kongos
3 You--Peter Maffay
4 I Did What I Did for Maria--Tony Christie
5 The Banner Man--Blue Mink
6 Rain, Rain, Rain--Gentle People
7 Hold On (To What You Got)--Peanutbutter Conspiracy
8 Lady Rose--Mungo Jerry
9 Me and Bobby McGee--Gordon Lightfoot
10 How Can You Mend a Broken Heart--The Bee Gees

Singles entering the chart were Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum by Middle of the Road (#19); and Tom-Tom Turnaround by New World (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey--Paul & Linda McCartney (2nd week at #1)
2 Saturday Morning Confusion--Bobby Russell
3 Reason to Believe/Maggie May--Rod Stewart
4 Beginnings/Colour My World--Chicago
5 Take Me Home, Country Roads--John Denver with Fat City
6 Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)--Marvin Gaye
7 We Got a Dream--Ocean
8 Ain't No Sunshine--Bill Withers
9 Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep--Mac and Katie Kissoon
10 Rain Dance--The Guess Who

Singles entering the chart were The Story in Your Eyes by the Moody Blues (#27); Smiling Faces Sometimes by the Undisputed Truth (#29); and Spanish Harlem by Aretha Franklin (#30).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKVN)
1 Maggie May--Rod Stewart
2 Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey--Paul & Linda McCartney
3 Colour My World/Beginnings--Chicago
4 Rain Dance--The Guess Who
5 We Got a Dream--Ocean
6 Liar-- Three Dog Night
7 Riders on the Storm--The Doors
8 Won't Get Fooled Again--The Who
9 Bangla-Desh--George Harrison
10 I Just Want to Celebrate--Rare Earth

Singles entering the chart were I Ain't Got Time Anymore by the Glass Bottle (#32); So Far Away by Carole King (#33); If Not for You by Olivia Newton-John (#35); Superstar by the Carpenters (#36); Is That the Way by Tin Tin (#39); and Marianne by Stephen Stills (#40).

30 years ago
1981

Died on this date
Alec Waugh, 83. U.K. author. Mr. Waugh, the elder brother of writer Evelyn Waugh, wrote more than 50 books of fiction and non-fiction, and was best known for his novels The Loom of Youth (1917) and Island in the Sun (1955).

Law
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, an international bill of rights for women, was instituted by the United Nations.

20 years ago
1991

Died on this date
Frank Capra, 94. Italian-born U.S. movie director. Mr. Capra, a native of Sicily, moved with his family to the United States at the age of 5. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for It Happened One Night (1934); Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936); and You Can't Take it with You (1938). His most popular film today is probably It's a Wonderful Life (1946). Mr. Capra produced the seven-episode Why We Fight (1942-1945) series of propaganda films for the U.S. Army, which were eventually released to the public, and one of which--Prelude to War (1942)--won an Academy Award.

Hockey
NHL
Eric Lindros, selected first overall by the Québec Nordiques in the 1991 NHL entry draft, announced that he was refusing to join the team; he chose to stay with his junior hockey team, the Oshawa Generals, while his agents found a larger-market team willing to trade.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Carl Lindquist, 82. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Lindquist played with the Boston Braves (1943-1944), compiling a record of 0-2 with an earned run average of 4.98 in 7 games, batting 0 for 5. He was 79-84 in 277 games in 10 seasons in the minor leagues (1941-1951).

Pauline Kael, 82. U.S. film critic. Miss Kael was the film critic for various publications, most notably The New Yorker (1968-1991). She was known for her emotional reviews, often contrary to those of most critics, and she influenced many younger movie critics. Miss Kael died after a long battle with Parkinson's disease.

Football
CFL
Toronto (2-7) 13 @ Hamilton (5-4) 26
Edmonton (4-5-0-1) 33 @ Calgary (3-6) 32

Mark McLoughlin's field goal with 56 seconds remaining in regulation time gave the Stampeders a 2-point lead over the Eskimos at McMahon Stadium, but Edmonton quarterback Jason Maas drove the Eskimos downfield to set up Sean Fleming for the game-winning field goal on the final play. For the first time, the Eskimos wore white pants with their white jerseys.



Baseball
Rookie Bud Smith (4-2) pitched a no-hitter and struck out 7 batters to lead the St. Louis Cardinals to a 4-0 win over the San Diego Padres before 36,535 fans at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego. Albert Pujols' 2-run home run with 2 out in the top of the 1st inning provided the necessary scoring.





The Milwaukee Brewers scored 5 runs in the top of the 1st inning en route to a 12-7 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of a doubleheader before 29,003 fans at PNC Park in Pittsburgh. Pinch hitter Craig Wilson hit a home run with 2 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Pirates a 3-2 win in the second game.

Barry Bonds hit his 58th home run of the season to lead off the bottom of the 4th inning, but his San Francisco Giants lost 4-1 to the Colorado Rockies before 41,528 fans at Pacific Bell Park in San Francisco. Winning pitcher Jason Jennings (3-0) allowed 3 hits and 1 earned run in 7 innings to outduel Kirk Rueter (12-11).

Derek Jeter and David Justice drew bases on balls to open the 9th inning, Shane Spencer was hit by a pitch to load the bases, and Alfonso Soriano followed with a single to score Messrs. Jeter and Justice to break a 5-5 tie as the New York Yankees overcame a 5-2 deficit and defeated the Toronto Blue Jays 7-5 before 28,404 fans at SkyDome in Toronto. Immediately after Mr. Soriano's hit, Jorge Posada was called out on strikes, and was ejected by home plate umpire Andy Fletcher after bumping Mr. Fletcher. The Blue Jays had runners on first and second bases with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th, but Ramiro Mendoza relieved Mike Stanton, retired pinch hitter Brad Fullmer on a fly ball, and struck out Darrin Fletcher to end the game.

Stan Javier singled home pinch runner Al Martin with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning to give the Seattle Mariners a 3-2 win over the Tampa Bay Devil Rays before 45,728 fans at Safeco Field in Seattle. Mr. Martin was running for John Olerud, who led off the inning with a single.