June 8, 2020

225 years ago
1795

Died on this date
Louis XVII, 10. King of France (claimant), 1793-1795. Louis XVII, the younger son of King Louis XVI, acceded to the throne upon the execution of his father, but never ruled, as France had become a republic. Louis XVII was imprisoned with his family at the Square du Temple in Paris in 1792 and was physically abused. He died of conditions associated with tuberculosis.

210 years ago
1810

Born on this date
Robert Schumann. German composer. Mr. Schumann, a native of Zwickau, Saxony, wrote such works as Symphonic Etudes for Piano; Carnaval; Davidsbundlertanze; Symphony No. 1 in B Flat Major ("Spring"); and Arabeske. He was of a rather nervous disposition, and this got worse as the years went on. He was removed to a private asylum in 1854, and died on July 29, 1856 at the age of 46.

175 years ago
1845

Died on this date
Andrew Jackson, 78. 7th president of the United States of America, 1829-1837. Major General Jackson, nicknamed "Old Hickory," became nationally famous during the War of 1812, particularly after leading U.S. forces to a rout of British forces in the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815. He was one of four Democratic-Republican candidates for President of the United States in 1824 and had a plurality of electoral votes, but lost to John Quincy Adams when the House of Representatives voted. Maj. Gen. Jackson ran as the Democratic Party's first presidential candidate in 1828 and won the first of two straight electoral victories. His achievements as President included eradication of the national debt and his refusal to recharter the Second Bank of the United States.

140 years ago
1880

Politics and government
The U.S. Republican National Convention concluded at Exposition Hall in Chicago. U.S. Representative James A. Garfield (Ohio) was nominated as the party's 1880 U.S. presidential candidate on the 36th ballot, receiving 399 votes to 306 for former President U.S. Grant, 42 for U.S. Senator James G. Blaine (Maine), and 3 for U.S. Treasury Secretary John Sherman. Party chairman Chester Arthur was nominated for Vice President on the first ballot, receiving 468 of 751 votes.

120 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Lena Baker. U.S. convicted criminal. Ms. Baker, a Negress from Georgia, worked as a maid to support her family. In 1944, she began working for Ernest Knight, an older white man who had broken his leg. Mr. Knight kept Ms. Baker in a condition of virtual slavery, and committed multiple sexual assaults against her. One night, an argument between the two escalated, and she shot him while they were struggling over his gun. Ms. Baker reported the incident to police and claimed to have acted in self-defense, but an all-white, all-male jury convicted her of capital murder on the first day of her trial. She was executed in the electric chair at Georgia State Prison on March 5, 1945 at the age of 44. In 2005, the Georgia Parole Board granted Ms. Baker a full and unconditional posthumous pardon.

Society
The Prince Edward Island House of Assembly passed Canada's first prohibition law.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
John W. Campbell. U.S. journalist and author. Mr. Campbell wrote science fiction stories under his own name and pseudonyms such as Don A. Stuart. His best-known fiction was the novella Who Goes There? (1938), which was adapted into the movie The Thing from Another World (1951) and two remakes. Mr. Campbell had his greatest impact as editor of Astounding Science Fiction (later renamed Analog Science Fiction and Fact) from 1937 until his death from heart failure on July 11, 1971 at the age of 61.

90 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Gwen Harwood. Australian poetess and playwright. Mrs. Harwood wrote 386 poems and 13 librettos from the late 1950s through the late '80s, receiving numerous Australian awards. Her poems contained recurring themes of the stifled role of young mothers, and often included biblical references and religious allusions. Mrs. Harwood died on December 4, 1995 at the age of 75.

Politics and government
The U.S. Republican National Convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum.

Baseball
The Boston Braves sold second baseman Johnny Rawlings to the Philadelphia Phillies. He was batting 0 for 3 with 2 runs batted in in 5 games with Boston in 1920.

George Burns led off the bottom of the 8th with a double and advanced to third base on an error by left fielder Pat Duncan, and scored on another error by Mr. Duncan on a ball hit by Dave Bancroft to break a 4-4 tie as the New York Giants defeated the Cincinnati Reds 5-4 before 12,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. Cincinnati catcher Ivy Wingo was ejected after arguing that the ball hit by Mr. Burns was foul; the argument went on so long that Cincinnati center fielder Edd Roush laid down in center field and fell asleep. When third baseman Heinie Groh woke him up, Mr. Roush was ejected by umpire Barry McCormick.

The New York Yankees scored 6 runs in the 7th inning and 4 in the 9th as they overcame a 6-3 deficit to defeat the Detroit Tigers 13-6 at Navin Field in Detroit. New York starting pitcher George Mogridge doubled home 3 runs in his only plate appearance; he was relieved by Bob Shawkey (7-5), who allowed 6 hits and 2 runs--both earned--in 6.2 innings to get the win, and batted 2 for 3 with a sacrifice, run, and 3 runs batted in. Every New York batter had at least 1 hit.

80 years ago
1940

Died on this date
Frederick Converse, 69. U.S. composer. Mr. Converse wrote five symphonies and four operas, but is best known for works such as the symphonic poems The Mystic Trumpeter (1904) and Flivver Ten Million (1927).

War
The Royal Canadian Air Force's No. 1 Fighter Squadron left Montreal for Britain. The British carrier Glorious was sunk and the German battle cruiser Scharnhorst was severely damaged in a naval battle off the coast of Norway, as Operation Alphabet, the evacuation of Allied forces from Narvik, was completed. The German army northeast of Paris launched a full-scale offensive.

Law
The Cuban Constituent Assembly completed work on a new constitution, including all policies favoured by president-elect Fulgencio Batista, to take effect on September 15, 1940.

Politics and government
Supporters of former U.S. President Herbert Hoover started a drive in Mr. Hoover's home town of Palo Alto, California to have him drafted as the Republican Party's 1940 nominee for President of the United States at the Republican National Convention in Philadelphia later in the month.

Medicine
Dr. Robert A. Milliken of California Institute of Technology reported rapid progress in the treatment of cancerous tumours.

Horse racing
Bimelech, with F.A. Smith aboard, won the 72nd running of the Belmont Stakes at Belmont Park, New York in a time of 2:29 3/5. Your Chance placed second.

Track and field
Fred Wolcott set a world record of 22.5 seconds in the 220-yard low hurdles at Princeton University.

Baseball
Harry Craft hit for the cycle, added a single, and scored 4 runs, and Frank McCormick scored 5 runs as the Cincinnati Reds whipped the Brooklyn Dodgers 23-2 before 10,075 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. Brooklyn relief pitcher Carl Doyle gave up 16 hits and 14 runs in just 4 innings, and hit 4 batters.

75 years ago
1945

At the movies
Wonder Man, starring Danny Kaye, Virginia Mayo, and Vera-Ellen, opened in theatres.

Died on this date
Karl Hanke, 41. German politician and SS official. Mr. Hanke was Gauleiter (Governor) of Silesia froom 1941-1945 and Reichsführer-SS during the last few days of the Third Reich in 1945 after Fuehrer Adolf Hitler had dismissed Heinrich Himmler. Mr. Hanke was taken prisoner in Czechoslvakia, and while 65 POWs were being marched, Mr. Hanke and several other prisoners made a break and jumped onto a passing train. The Czech guards opened fire, downing Mr. Hanke and two other POWs; the troops then beat the prisoners with rifle butts until they were dead.

Diplomacy
The Big Five nations at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco reported to the "Little 45" their agreement on the veto right over virtually all issues except discussion of international disputes.

Acting U.S. Secretary of State Joseph Grew denied reports of a secret pledge at the Yalta conference to concede Korea to the U.S.S.R. for Soviet entry into the Pacific war.

French Marshal Henri Petain told high court commissioners in Paris that he was having a secret treaty negotiated with the United Kingdom at the same time he was meeting with German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler in 1940.

Defense
U.S. Navy Secretary James Forrestal announced the establishment of an Office of Research and Inventions for research in naval weapons.

Law
The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago ruled that the U.S. Army seizure of Montgomery Ward and Company, which had occurred on an order from the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was illegal.

Economics and finance
Tokyo radio reported new economic controls for Japan aimed at increasing war production, to be carried out "forcibly if necessary."

The U.S. Senate Finance Committee voted down the House of Representatives-approved bill from the administration of President Harry Truman for extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Law.

Politics and government
A bill was introduced into the United States Senate to increase the $10,000 yearly salary of Congressmen by 100%.

70 years ago
1950

At the movies
The Sleeping City, directed by George Sherman, and starring Richard Conte and Coleen Gray, opened in theatres in London.





Died on this date
Ledell Titcomb, 83. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Titcomb played with the Philadelphia Quakers (1886); Philadelphia Athletics (1887); New York Giants (1887-1889); and Rochester Broncos (1890), compiling a record of 30-29 with an earned run average of 3.47 in 63 games. He pitched a no-hitter on September 15, 1890, but his best season was 1888, when he was 14-8 with a 2.24 ERA in 23 games. Mr. Titcomb died of heart failure.

Diplomacy
West German officials denounced the East German-Polish border agreement as "traitorous." The U.S.A. claimed that no final disposition on the Oder-Neisse boundary could be made until a German-Allied peace treaty was reached.

Defense
Thomas Blamey became the only Australian to attain the rank of field marshal.

Politics and government
Jean Duvieusart took office as Prime Minister of Belgium, four days after his Christian Social Party, a Roman Catholic party, won a narrow majority in the Belgian general election. The Christian Social Party was the only party to favour the return to the throne of King Leopold III.

A special U.S. federal grand jury investigating subversion indicted Commerce Department economist William Remington on a charge of perjury, claiming that he lied in denying that he had ever been a member of the Communist Party.

Society
The U.S. Senate passed and sent to President Harry Truman a bill allowing 132,000 Japanese aliens living in the United States and Hawaii to become naturalized American citizens.

Medicine
Dr. Samuel Thompson of New York Medical College reported the insertion of talcum powder between the heart and its covering sac as a treatment for coronary occlusion. Talc imitated the are and stimulated increased blood flow.

Baseball
The day after beating the St. Louis Browns 20-4, the Boston Red Sox whipped the Browns 29-4 before 5,105 fans at Fenway Park in Boston in the most lopsided major league game of the 20th century. The Red Sox set a single-game record with 58 total bases. Leadoff hitter Clyde Vollmer batted 8 times in 8 innings--the only time that happened in major league history. Bobby Doerr had 3 home runs and 8 runs batted in; Walt Dropo had 2 homers, 7 RBIs, and 5 runs; Ted Williams had 2 homers and 5 RBIs. All three homered in the 8th inning. Al Zarilla had 4 doubles and a single, and pitcher Chuck Stobbs (4-1) drew 4 bases on balls in 4 innings, and pitched an 8-hit complete game victory.

The New York Yankees scored 7 runs in the 6th inning as they beat the Detroit Tigers 11-4 before 62,264 fans at Yankee Stadium. Joe Collins and Jerry Coleman each drove in 3 runs for the Yankees, and winning pitcher Tommy Byrne (7-1) tripled in a run and scored in the 8th.

Johnny Ostrowski drew a base on balls to lead off the bottom of the 9th inning and scored from second base on a 1-out single by winning pitcher Mickey Harris (2-1) to give the Washington Nationals a 7-6 win over the Cleveland Indans before 16,589 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington. The Indians opened the scoring with a grand slam by Al Rosen in the 1st inning, but the Nationals scored 5 in the 3rd to take a 6-4 lead.

The St. Louis Cardinals allowed 4 runs in the top of the 1st inning, but responded with 8 runs in the bottom of the 1st, and went on to rout the Boston Braves 18-6 before 11,417 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. Fred Martin (2-0), who relieved starting pitcher Harry Brecheen with 1 out in the top of the 1st, allowed 13 hits and 2 runs--both earned--in 8.2 innings to get the win, and singled home a run and scored in the bottom of the 1st. Johnny Sain (8-4) allowed 5 hits, 2 bases on balls, and 7 runs--all earned--in 0.2 innings to take the loss.

60 years ago
1960

Politics and government
Premier Tommy Douglas led his governing Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) to a fifth consecutive majority government in the Saskatchewan provincial election. The CCF took 37 of 55 seats in the Legislative Assembly, an increase of 1 from the most recent election in 1956. The Liberal Party, led by Ross Thatcher, won 17 seats, and another seat was declared void.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Spirit in the Sky--Norman Greenbaum (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Keiko no Yume wa--Yoru Hiraku (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Un Rayo De Sol--Los Diablos (2nd week at #1)

On the radio
The Challenge of Space, on Springbok Radio
Tonight’s episode: Commander’s Privilege

Died on this date
Abraham Maslow, 62. U.S. psychologist. Dr. Maslow was one of the seminal figures in the branch of psychotherapy known as humanistic psychology, which emphasizes man's capacity for goodness, creativity, and freedom. In contrast to the theorists who emphasized abnormal or neurotic personalities, Dr. Maslow's research was along the lines of what made well-adjusted people well-adjusted. He was famous for his "hierarchy of needs:" People begin with the desire to satisfy physiologic needs (e.g. hunger, thirst), then move up through safety needs (e.g., avoidance of pain or anxiety; desire for security); Belongingness and love needs (e.g., affection, intimacy); esteem needs (self-respect, adequacy, mastery, competence); and finally, the need for self-actualization (to be what one fully can be). By his own admission, Dr. Maslow had met very few people who he believed had become self-actualized. The Maslow hierarchy of needs is exactly the opposite of the words of the Lord Jesus Christ: Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you (Matthew 6:33). Christian apologist Rabi Maharaj put it well when he quoted Isaiah 14:14b--"I will be like the most High"--and said that Satan was the first being to get into self-actualization. It's been said that at the end of his life Dr. Maslow was heading in the direction of what today would be called New Age beliefs; given his belief in human potential, that sounds like a logical progression. He died of a heart attack suffered while jogging.

Politics and government
Four years after he was installed as President of Argentina by a military coup d’etat, Lieutenant General Juan Carlos Ongania was forced to resign the presidency after Argentina’s military commanders announced that he had been deposed after a 10-hour holdout.

Labour
Major league baseball management and players agreed to a new standard player contract. Among the victories for players was a raise in the minimum yearly salary from $10,000 to $12,000.

Disasters
Seven Green Berets were killed in a premature explosion of TNT on a training range at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Stomp!--The Brothers Johnson (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Boat on the River--Styx (7th week at #1)

War
Two days of fighting between Bengali immigrants and native tribal people in the Indian states of Assam and Tripura concluded with the deaths of at least 350 Bengali immigrants.

Auto racing
CRL
Bobby Unser won the 150-mile Gould Rex Mays Classic at the Milwaukee Mile.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Calgary 13 (1-0) @ Saskatchewan (0-1) 12

Baseball
The St. Louis Cardinals fired manager Ken Boyer between games of a doubleheader loss to the Montreal Expos before 46,871 fans at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, replacing him with coach Jack Krol. The Cardinals were 18-34 after the two games, the worst record in the major leagues. Whitey Herzog was hired the next day as the team’s manager. The Expos scored 5 runs in the first 3 innings and won the first game 6-4. John Littlefield, the second of five St. Louis pitchers, allowed 2 hits and no runs, striking out 1 batter and walking none in 3 innings, batting 0 for 1 in his major league debut. Andre Dawson batted 5 for 5 with a double, 3 runs, and 2 runs batted in to lead the Expos to a 9-4 win in Mr. Krol's game as St. Louis manager. Montreal third baseman Brad Mills batted 1 for 3 with a base on balls, making 3 assists and an error in his first major league game. Steve Rogers (7-5) and Ross Grimsley (2-3) were the respective winning pitchers.

Dan Driessen led off the bottom of the 2nd inning with a home run for the game's only run as the Cincinnati Reds edged the San Diego Padres 1-0 before 26,272 fans at Riverfront Stadium in Kansas City. Charlie Leibrandt (5-3) pitched a 3-hitter to outduel Randy Jones (4-5).

Shortstop Johnnie LeMaster made an error on a ground ball by Rafael Landestoy with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning, allowing pinch runner Julio Gonzalez to score from second base and give the Houston Astros a 5-4 win over the San Francisco Giants before 28,327 fans at the Astrodome.

The Minnesota Twins scored 4 unearned runs in the bottom of the 4th inning as they beat the Toronto Blue Jays 5-1 in the first game of a doubleheader before 17,869 fans at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington. Barry Bonnell doubled home Joe Cannon and Roy Howell with 1 out in the top of the 13th to break a 4-4 tie as the Blue Jays won the second game 6-4.

30 years ago
1990

Diplomacy
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, in a joint press conference with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev while on a visit to the U.S.S.R., praised Mr. Gorbachev’s reform programs as "the most exciting, the biggest, the most historic in Europe for a very long time."

Politics and government
Two days of voting began in Czechoslovakia’s first free elections in more than 40 years.

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir announced that he had succeeded in forming a cabinet composed of members of Mr. Shamir’s Likud Party and several small nationalist and religious parties. It appeared likely that the new government would resist any concessions to reach a peace agreement with the Palestinians. Ariel Sharon, an outspoken hardliner, was named housing minister and overseer of the influx of Jews from the U.S.S.R. The new government went on record as favouring expansion of Jewish settlements in the occupied territories.

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): This Ain't a Love Song--Bon Jovi (2nd week at #1)

War
U.S. Marines rescued Captain Scott O'Grady, whose F16-C fighter jet had been shot down by Bosnian Serbs on June 2. Capt. O'Grady had survived behind enemy lines by eating plants and insects and drinking rain water. He sent a radio message saying "I'm alive; help!," which was picked up by a U.S. plane. While 40 U.S. aircraft flew overhead, two helicopters with 40 Marines landed near the woods where Capt. O'Grady was hiding, and the pilot ran toward his rescuers.

Politics and government
The Progressive Conservatives, led by Mike Harris, won the Ontario provincial election, taking 82 of 130 seats in the Provincial Parliament, an increase of 62 from before the election. The Liberals, led by Lyn McLeod, won 36 seats--an increase of 6 seats from before the election, while the New Democratic Party, led by Premier Bob Rae, dropped from 74 seats to 17. The NDP had taken power in 1990, defeating the Liberals, then led by David Peterson. Peter North, elected as a New Democrat in 1990, was elected in 1995 as an independent MPP. For the PCs, it marked a return to power for the party that had governed Ontario from 1943-1985.

Technology
Programmer Rasmus Lerdorf released the first version of PHP, the most popular server-side language for websites.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Conference Finals
Detroit 2 @ Chicago 5 (Detroit led best-of-seven series 3-1)

Denis Savard and Joe Murphy scored 2 goals each for the Blackhawks as they averted elimination by the Red Wings at United Center.

20 years ago
2000

Died on this date
Jeff MacNelly, 52. U.S. cartoonist. Mr. MacNelly created the comic strip Shoe in 1977 and the comic panel Pluggers in 1993, and was also an editorial cartoonist. He died of lymphoma.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Finals
Dallas 1 @ New Jersey 0 (3 OT) (New Jersey led best-of-seven series 3-2)

Brett Hull flipped the puck toward the New Jersey goal, and Mike Modano tipped it past Martin Brodeur at 6:21 of the 3rd overtime period in the fourth-longest game in finals’ history. Dallas goalie Ed Belfour made 48 saves, while Mr. Brodeur made 40 saves for New Jersey.



10 years ago
2010

Died on this date
Crispian St. Peters, 71. U.K. musician. Mr. St. Peters, born Robin Peter Smith, was a singer-songwriter and guitarist who was known for his hit singles You were on My Mind (1966); The Pied Piper (1966); and Changes (1966). He suffered a stroke on New Year's Day 1995, and was hospitalized several times with pneumonia before his death after a long illness.

Canadiana
New inductees to Canada's Walk of Fame were singer Nelly Furtado; magician Doug Henning; Olympian athlete Clara Hughes; musician David Clayton-Thomas; actor Eric McCormack; author Farley Mowat; and actress Sarah Polley.

Basketball
NBA
Finals
Los Angeles Lakers 91 @ Boston 84 (Los Angeles led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Kobe Bryant scored 29 points to help the Lakers defeat the Celtics before 18,624 fans at TD Garden. Kevin Garnett led the Celtics with 25 points. Boston guard Ray Allen, after setting a record with 8 3-point field goals in game 2, was 0 for 13 in field goal attempts in game 3.