August 18, 2020

1,580 years ago
440

Died on this date
Sixtus III, 50 (?). Roman Catholic Pope, 432-440. Sixtus III was a prominent Roman clergyman before succeeding Celestine I as pope. He attempted to restore peace between patriarchs Cyril of Alexandria and John of Antioch, and defended the rights of the pope over Illyria and the position of the archbishop of Thessalonica as head of the local Illyrian church. Sixtus III was succeeded as as Pope by Leo I.

925 years ago
1095

Died on this date
Oluf I, 44 or 45 (?). King of Denmark, 1086-1095. Oluf I, a son of King Sweyn II, acceded to the throne upon the death of his elder brother Knut IV. His reign was plagued by years of crop failure and famine, and he died under mysterious circumstances. Some speculated that King Oluf I committed suicide or was sacrificed on behalf of his people. He was succeeded on the throne by his younger brother Erik I.

430 years ago
1590

Americana
John White, the governor of Roanoke Colony, returned from a supply trip to England and found his settlement deserted, and only the word "CROATOAN" carved into the palisade. The fate of the 112-121 colonists remains unknown.

400 years ago
1620

Died on this date
Wanli 56. Emperor of China, 1572-1620. Wanling, born Zhu Yijun, acceded to the throne at the age of 8 upon the death of his father Longqing. Wanli's reign of 48 years was the longest of all Ming dynasty emperors, and was characterized by successes in the early and middle parts of his reign, but in the last 20 years he neglected his duties as Emperor, and the dynasty declined. Wanli reportedly suffered from a mobility disability and was a heavy user of opium. He died 17 days before his 57th birthday, and was succeeded by his eldest son Taichang.

320 years ago
1700

Born on this date
Baji Rao I. Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, 1720-1740. Baji Rao I, a Brahmin, was trained as a diplomat and warrior. He served as Peshwa (Prime Minister) to Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shahu I, and was credited with the expansion of the Maratha Empire in India, never losing a battle in 20 years. Baji Rao I died on April 28, 1740 at the age of 39, five days after contracting a fever.

300 years ago
1720

Born on this date
Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers. U.K. politician. Mr. Ferrers inherited his title from his insane uncle at the age of 25, and lived a lifestyle of debauchery. On January 18, 1760, he shot an old family steward named Johnson, who died the next day. Lord Ferrers was convicted in April of murder, and was hanged on May 5, 1760 at the age of 39.

270 years ago
1750

Born on this date
Antonio Salieri. Italian-born composer and conductor. Mr. Salieri moved to Vienna in 1766, and served as director of Italian opera from 1774-1792. He wrote operas in three languages, and taught and influenced other composers, including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mr. Salieri wrote no new operas after 1804, and he died on May 7, 1825 at the age of 74. His work faded into obscurity until a revival of interest resulting from Peter Shaffer's play (1979) and movie (Amadeus), a fictionalized view of the relationship between Mr. Salieri and Mr. Mozart.

190 years ago
1830

Born on this date
Franz Josef I. Emperor of Austria; King of Hungary and Croatia; King of Bohemia, 1848-1916. President of the German Confederation, 1850-1866. Emperor Franz Josef, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, succeeded his uncle Ferdinand I on the throne. He granted greater autonomy to Hungary and annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. The assassination of Franz Josef's nephew and heir presumptive Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 set off the events that began World War I. Emperor Franz Josef I died on November 21, 1916 at the age of 86, 11 days short of the 68th anniversary of his succession to the throne; he was succeeded by his grandnephew Charles I, who became the last of the Habsburg monarchs.

170 years ago
1850

Died on this date
Honoré de Balzac, 51. French author. Mr. Balzac wrote numerous novels, novellas, short stories, and plays, but was best known for the multi-volume series of novels titled La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy), which was unfinished at the time of his death, after a period of failing health.

150 years ago
1870

War
Prussian and Saxon forces defeated French forces in the Battle of Gravelotte in France.

130 years ago
1890

Born on this date
Walther Funk. German journalist and politician. Mr. Funk edited the newspaper Berliner Börsenzeitung from 1924-1931. He joined the Nazi Party in 1931, and was elected a Reichstag deputy in 1932. Shortly after the Nazis came to power in 1933, Mr. Funk left his position in the Reichstag to serve as State Secretary at the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (1933-1937). He was Reichsminister of Economics (1938-1945) and President of the Reichsbank (1939-1945). Mr. Funk was convicted of crimes against humanity by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 1946, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was released in 1957 on grounds of ill health, and died of diabetes on May 31, 1960 at the age of 69.

120 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Ruth Norman. U.S. religious leader. Mrs. Norman, born Ruth Nields, married self-described psychic Ernest Norman in the mid-1950s. The couple founded Unarius, a New Age organization dedicated to past-life regression and communication with extraterrestrials. Mrs. Norman led Unarius after her husband's death in 1971, and made a series of false predictions that benevolent extraterrestrials known as Space Brothers would land on Earth. Mrs. Norman's health declined in the 1980s, and attempts at past-life regression failed to halt the decline. She died on July 12, 1993 at the age of 92.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Robert Winters. Canadian politician. Mr. Winters, a native of Lunenberg, Nova Scotia and a member of the Liberal Party, represented Queens-Lunenberg in the Canadian House of Commons from 1945-1957, and held various posts in the cabinet of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent from 1948-1957. He was defeated in the 1957 federal election, but returned to politics in 1965. He was elected to the House of Commons from York West, and served as Minister of Trade and Commerce under Prime Minister Lester Pearson. Mr. Winters sought the leadership of the Liberal Party when Mr. Pearson announced his retirement in 1968. Next to Justice Minister Pierre Trudeau, Mr. Winters was the leading contender. He may have won if John Turner, in third place and with no chance of winning, hadn't stubbornly decided to remain in the race for the fourth ballot despite repeated pleas for him to withdraw in favour of Mr. Winters. The fourth ballot put Mr. Trudeau over the top with 1,203, 50.9% of the total of 2,365 votes cast. Mr. Winters polled 954 votes (40.3%), and Mr. Turner 195 (8.2%). Mr. Winters decided to withdraw from politics rather than run for re-election in 1968 and serve under Mr. Trudeau. He died on October 10, 1969 at the age of 59, after suffering a heart attack while playing tennis in California.

Herman Berlinski. Polish-born musician, composer, and conductor. Dr. Berlinski studied in Leipzig, but returned to Poland after the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933. He eventually moved to Paris, and served with the French Foreign Legion early in World War II before emigrating with his family to the United States in 1941. Dr. Berlinski obtained his doctorate from Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and served as a synagogue organist. He composed various orchestral, instrumental, chamber, and choral works in a career spanning more than 60 years until his death on September 27, 2001 at the age of 91.

Baseball
Red Faber of the Dubuque Dubs pitched a perfect game as the Dubs shout out the Davenport Prodigas 3-0 in an Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League game in Davenport.

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Bob Kennedy. U.S. baseball player, coach, and manager. Mr. Kennedy was a right fielder and third basemen with the Chicago White Sox (1939-1942, 1946-1948, 1955-1956, 1957); Cleveland Indians (1948-1954); Baltimore Orioles (1954-1955); Detroit Tigers (1956); and Brooklyn Dodgers (1957), batting .254 with 63 home runs and 514 runs batted in in 1,483 games. He was a member of the Indians when they won the 1948 World Series. Mr. Kennedy was one of the participants in the "College of Coaches" experiment with the Chicago Cubs from 1962-1965, when team owner Phil Wrigley eschewed the traditional position of manager. Mr. Kennedy acted as head coach and manager in all but name in guiding the Cubs to an 82-80 record in 1963, and posted an identical record as the manager of the Oakland Athletics in 1968, their first season after moving from Kansas City. He returned to the Cubs as their general manager from 1977-1981, and died on April 7, 2005 at the age of 84.

Shelley Winters. U.S. actress. Miss Winters, born Shirley Schrift, appeared in many movies in a career that spanned over 50 years, and won Academy Awards for her supporting performances in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) and A Patch of Blue (1965). She was nominated for Oscars for her starring role in A Place in the Sun (1951) and her supporting performance in The Poseidon Adventure (1972). Miss Winters died on January 14, 2006 at the age of 85.

Abominations
Tennessee ratified the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, providing the ¾ of states necessary for women in the United States to be granted the right to vote.

Baseball
In the first game since the death of Cleveland Indians’ shortstop Ray Chapman the previous day, Wally Pipp hit a 2-run inside-the-park home run with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the New York Yankees a 4-3 win over the Indians before 16,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. Players from both teams wore black arm bands in memory of Mr. Chapman, but New York pitcher Carl Mays, whose pitch hit Mr. Chapman in the head and fatally injured him, was conspicuous in not wearing one. Rip Collins (11-6) pitched 2 scoreless innings in relief of Jack Quinn to get the win over Jim Bagby (23-8), who allowed 9 hits in a complete game.

Joe Dugan doubled home Frank Walker with 1 out in the bottom of the 4th inning for the game's only run as the Philadelphia Athletics edged the Chicago White Sox 1-0 at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. Eddie Rommel (4-2) pitched a 5-hit shutout to win the pitchers' duel over Lefty Williams (18-12), who allowed 6 hits in 7 innings.

Baby Doll Jacobson batted 4 for 4 with a sacrifice, triple, 2 runs, and 3 runs batted in, while George Sisler was 4 for 5 with 3 doubles, 4 runs, and 3 RBIs to help the St. Louis Browns beat the Washington Nationals 13-4 before 1,500 fans at American League Park in Washington. Urban Shocker (19-9) pitched a 10-hit complete game victory.

90 years ago
1930

Baseball
The Minneapolis Millers of the American Association traded first baseman George "High Pockets" Kelly to the Chicago Cubs for pitcher Mal Moss and a player to be named later. Mr. Kelly had begun the season with the Cincinnati Reds, batting .287 with 5 home runs and 35 runs batted in in 51 games. He joined the Millers in July, batting .361 with 6 homers in 34 games. Mr. Moss was 0-0 with a 6.27 earned run average in 12 games with Chicago in 1930, batting .273 with no home runs and 2 runs batted in. On August 22, the Cubs sent first baseman Chick Tolson to Minneapolis to complete the deal.

Dick Bartell doubled home Paul Waner and Adam Comorosky with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Pittsburgh Pirates a 4-3 win over the Brooklyn Robins before 2,000 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. Glenn Wright's home run leading off the top of the 9th had given the Robins a 3-2 lead.

Hack Wilson hit his 42nd home run of the season and Woody English scored 5 runs as the Chicago Cubs whipped the Philadelphia Phillies 17-3 before 10,000 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Winning pitcher Pat Malone (15-6) pitched an 8-hit complete game and batted 2 for 5 with a home run, 2 runs, and 2 runs batted in.

Mickey Cochrane led off the bottom of the 8th inning with a home run to begin a 4-run rally for the Philadelphia Athletics as they overcame a 4-2 deficit to defeat the St. Louis Browns 6-4 before 2,000 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. George Earnshaw (19-7) pitched an 8-hit complete game victory, and had 2 doubles, driving home Bing Miller with the final run.

80 years ago
1940

Died on this date
Walter Chrysler, 65. U.S. automobile executive. Mr. Chrysler worked with General Motors as president of the Buick division, and then with Willys-Overland Motor Company, before acquiring a controlling interest in Maxwell Motor Company and reorganizing it as Chrysler Corporation. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage two years after suffering a stroke.

War
British planes bombed German military posts and shipping along the French coast from Boulogne to Calais. Italian forces claimed the capture of Zeilha and Bulhar on the coast of British Somaliland. U.S. Ambassador to France William Bullitt told an audience in Philadelphia that the European war was coming to the Americas.

Defense
Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt concluded their two-day conference in Ogdensburg, New York by signing the Ogdensburg Agreement, creating the Canada-US Permanent Joint Board of Defense. The Board was composed of senior officials from both countries, to deal with delivery of arms from U.S. factories to Canadian forces; exchange of defense information; and other defense matters.

Diplomacy
U.S. Navy Admiral Thomas Hart said in Shanghai that the dispute with Japan over control of the British sector was deadlocked and was to be negotiated between Washington and Tokyo.

Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies appointed Sir John G. Latham as his country's first minister to Japan.

Politics and government
The Duke of Windsor, the former King Edward VIII, was sworn in as Governor of the Bahamas.

A Nazi party was established in Colombia.

Technology
Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation announced that it would introduce the insulation of electrical wires and furniture coverings with plastic vinylite in the spring of 1941.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): On the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe--Johnny Mercer and the Pied Pipers with Paul Weston and His Orchestra (Best Seller--4th week at #1; Airplay--3rd week at #1; Juke Box--3rd week at #1; Honor Roll of Hits--2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Tsunamasa Shidei, 50. Japanese military officer. Lieutenant General Shidei held various positions, but was Vice Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army when he was killed in the crash of the same plane that carried Indian independence activist Subhas Chandra Bose.

Subhas Chandra Bose, 48. Indian politician. Mr. Bose was one of the leaders of the Indian independence movement, and was known for advocating armed struggle against the British Empire in order to gain independence. He spent time in Germany and Japanese-held Sumatra during World War II, and was sympathetic to the Axis powers. He died of third-degree burns after the overloaded Japanese plane that he was on crashed in Japanese-occupied Formosa; conspiracy theories abound.

War
Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu told his people that the nation had been defeated, and urged all Japanese to understand the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, saying, "Any wishful thinking should be avoided and the nation should calmly face realities."

Politics and government
Sukarno took office as the first President of Indonesia, following the country's declaration of independence the previous day.

Chinese Communist leader Mao Tse-tung advised Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek that he would consider a conference only after the Communists participated in Japan's surrender.

Diplomacy
The U.S. State Department informed the Bulgarian government that it did not feel that the regime of Premier Kimon Georgiev fully represented the Bulgarian people or had taken steps to ensure proper elections.

Defense
A U.S. House of Representatives Naval Affairs subcommittee urged the United States to claim full title to Pacific islands where U.S. bases were now located.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman directed the Office of Price Administration and Secretary of Agriculture Clinton Anderson to take necessary steps to keep down prices and the cost of living.

Transportation
U.S. Defense Transportation Director J. Monroe Johnson ended the nationwide 35-miles-per-hour speed limit.

70 years ago
1950

Died on this date
Julien Lahaut, 65. Belgian politician. Mr. Lahaut became chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium shortly after World War I. He led opposition to Nazi occupation of Belgium during World War II, and was interned at Malthausen concentration camp (1941-1945). Mr. Lahaut was also opposed to the return to the country from exile of King Leopold III in 1950, and was gunned down by two unknown men outside his home. The Communist Party newspaper blamed "Leo-Rexists," but the crime remains unsolved.

War
The United States formally accepted offers of Turkish, Australian, Australian, New Zealand, and British troops for the United Nations army in Korea. The establishment of an organization under Commander-in-Chief General Douglas MacArthur's United Nations Command to aid 1.5 million war refugees in South Korea was announced.

Politics and government
The Council of Europe's Consultative Assembly passed resolutions aimed at strengthening the federal organization by eliminating the veto in the Committee of Ministers and providing for election of Assembly members by parliaments rather than their appointment by governments.

U.S. President Harry Truman selected General Walter Bedell Smith, commander of the 1st Army and former U.S. Ambassador to the U.S.S.R., to head the Central Intelligence Agency.

Crime
The U.S. Senate Crime Investigating Committee reported that prohibition-era gangsters now controlled organized gambling, engaged extensively in legitimate and semi-legitimate business, and exerted corrupting influence on some public officials.

Business
Zero Concrete Company of Teaneck, New Jersey announced the formation of A-Bomb Shelter Corporation, which would build backyard shelters for as little as $1,500 each.

Baseball
The Chicago White Sox traded pitcher Max Surkont to the Boston Braves for pitcher Glenn Elliott. Mr. Surkont was 18-13 with an earned run average of 2.96 in 31 games with the Sacramento Solons of the AAA Pacific Coast League. Mr. Elliott was 11-12 with a 4.50 ERA in 31 games with the Milwaukee Brewers of the AAA American Association, and was assigned to Sacramento.

Bobby Doerr led off the bottom of the 9th inning with a home run to give the Boston Red Sox a 7-6 win over the Washington Nationals before 21,546 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Washington right fielder Sherry Robertson batted 3 for 5 with 2 home runs, a triple, 3 runs, and 5 runs batted in.

Joe DiMaggio’s 22nd home run of the season broke a 2-2 tie with 1 out in the top of the 9th inning and gave the New York Yankees a 3-2 win over the Philadelphia Athletics before 6,054 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. Vic Raschi (15-8) pitched a 6-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Lou Brissie (7-14), who allowed 6 hits.

Tommy Glaviano singled with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning, reaching third base on an error by third baseman Grady Hatton, and scored on a single by Red Schoendienst to give the St. Louis Cardinals a 2-1 win over the Cincinnati Reds before 8,640 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. The Cardinals had tied the game in the 9th when Del Rice hit a 2-out double and pinch hitter Nippy Jones doubled home pinch runner Chuck Diering.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Alley-Oop--The Hollywood Argyles

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Please Don't Tease--Cliff Richard and the Shadows (3rd week at #1)

Space
The U.S.A. launched Discoverer 14, a spy satellite whose purpose was to obtain data on propulsion, communication, orbital performance, and recovery techniques.

Football
CFL
WIFU
Calgary (0-2-1) 7 @ Winnipeg (3-0) 50

18,389 witnessed the slaughter at Winnipeg Stadium. This was the final game for Otis Douglas as head coach of the Stampeders; he resigned the next day and was replaced by assistant coach Steve Owen. Since becoming head coach of the Stampeders in the middle of the 1956 season, Mr. Douglas had compiled a record (including playoffs) of 22 wins, 35 losses, and 3 ties.



Baseball
Lou Burdette pitched a no-hitter, batted 2 for 3, and scored the game’s only run as the Milwaukee Braves edged the Philadelphia Phillies 1-0 before 16,338 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee. Mr. Burdette led off the bottom of the 8th with a double, and Bill Bruton followed with a double to break a 0-0 tie. The only batter to reach base against Mr. Burdette was Tony Gonzalez, who was hit by a pitch with 1 out in the 5th inning and was erased on a double play.

Don Hoak led off the top of the 8th inning with a double, Bill Mazeroski singled, and pinch hitter Dick Stuart followed with a 3-run home run to enable the Pittsburgh Pirates to defeat the Cincinnati Reds 3-2 before 11,668 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati.

Wally Moon hit a solo home run with 1 out in the top of the 13th inning to break a 3-3 tie as the Los Angeles Dodgers edged the Chicago Cubs 4-3 before 8,632 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Sandy Koufax (6-8) pitched 2.1 scoreless innings to get the win. Ron Santo hit a pair of solo home runs and a double for the Cubs, and Frank Thomas homered for the other Chicago run.

The New York Yankees scored 3 runs in the 8th inning and 3 in the 9th to defeat the Boston Red Sox 11-7 before 29,471 fans at Fenway Park in Boston.

The Baltimore Orioles scored 8 runs in the 3rd inning and withstood a 4-run 9th-inning rally as they defeated the Washington Senators 10-8 before 12,374 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore.

The Cleveland Indians scored 5 runs in the 6th inning and 2 in the 7th as they came back from a 6-1 deficit to defeat the Chicago White Sox 8-6 before 14,951 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. Cleveland right fielder Harvey Kuenn batted 4 for 4 with a double, run, and 2 runs batted in.

The Detroit Tigers scored 3 runs in each of the 3rd, 7th, and 8th innings as they defeated the Kansas City Athletics 11-6 before 7,238 fans at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. Detroit right fielder Al Kaline batted 4 for 5 with a home run, double, and 3 runs.

Bob Sprout pitched a 7-inning no-hitter and set a Midwest League record with 22 strikeouts for the Decatur Commodores as they shut out the Waterloo Hawks 3-0 in Waterloo.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): In the Summertime--Mungo Jerry (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): El Cóndor Pasa--Simon & Garfunkel (9th week at #1)

Environment
An obsolete U.S. Liberty ship carrying 12,540 rockets of nerve gas was deliberately sunk in 16,000 feet of water off the Bahamas, despite a series of legal efforts to prevent the action. Initial tests showed that no gas had escaped from the ship.

Politics and government
The United States Senate voted 77-16 to override President Richard Nixon’s veto of the $4.4-billion education bill. All 55 Democratic Senators voted to override the veto, but it was the 22 Republican votes against Mr. Nixon’s position that provided the 2/3 majority required to override a presidential veto.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (1-3) 10 @ Montreal (3-0) 14

The Eskimos scored their only touchdown on an 81-yard pass from Rusty Clark to Mike Eben.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Moscow--Genghis Khan

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Junko/Namida no Serenade--Tsuyoshi Nagabuchi

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Hey!--Julio Iglesias (5th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Funkytown--Lipps Inc. (8th week at #1)

Protest
After an emergency meeting of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Poland, party leader Edward Gierek made a televised speech in which he promised pay increases to striking shipyard workers but rejected demands for political reform, saying that "only a socialist Poland can be a free and independent state with inviolable borders." This was interpreted by many observers as an allusion to the threat of Soviet intervention. However, many diplomats considered a Soviet invasion of Poland unlikely, since Soviet forces were bogged down in a war in Afghanistan.

Football
CFL
Montreal (2-4) 11 @ Ottawa (4-3) 33

Gerry Organ kicked 6 field goals, 2 converts and a single to lead the scoring in front of 29,994 fans at Lansdowne Park. Ottawa quarterback Jordan Case completed 7 of 9 passes for 129 yards and touchdowns to Bruce Walker and Richard Crump. Mr. Crump rushed 20 times for 138 yards and caught 3 passes for 55. David Green rushed 1 yard in the 4th quarter for the only Montreal touchdown. The Alouettes shook up the team in the days following the game: quarterback Joe Barnes was traded to the Saskatchewan Roughriders, and veterans Don Sweet kicker, Gordon Judges, Dan Yochum, and Larry Uteck were cut from the team.

Baseball
Ted Simmons batted 4 for 4 with 2 home runs and 4 runs as the St. Louis Cardinals whipped the Cincinnati Reds 10-1 before 25,404 fans at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati in a game called after 6½ innings because of rain. The Cardinals scored 8 runs in the 2nd inning with no help from Keith Smith, who hit into a double play and then came to bat later in the inning and struck out for the third out. Bob Forsch (9-7) pitched a 4-hit complete game victory, and doubled home 2 runs and scored in the 2nd.

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): U Can't Touch This--MC Hammer (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Un' Estate Italiana--Edoardo Bennato; Gianna Nannini (11th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Infinity (1990's...Time for the Guru)--Guru Josh (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): U Can't Touch This--MC Hammer

#1 single in France (SNEP): Soca Dance--Charles D. Lewis (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Turtle Power--Partners in Kryme (4th week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 U Can't Touch This--MC Hammer (3rd week at #1)
2 Killer--Adamski
3 Hear the Drummer (Get Wicked)--Chad Jackson
4 It Must Have Been Love--Roxette
5 Close to You--Maxi Priest
6 Dirty Cash--Adventures of Stevie V
7 Thieves in the Temple--Prince
8 Mooi Was Die Tijd--Corry Konings
9 Vision of Love--Mariah Carey
10 That's Just the Way it Is--Phil Collins

Singles entering the chart were Tom's Diner by DNA featuring Suzanne Vega (#24); Lucille by Normaal (#29); Megamix by Technotronic (#31); Blaze of Glory by Jon Bon Jovi (#34); and Dolce Vita [Nieuwe Versie] by Ryan Paris (#35).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Vision of Love--Mariah Carey (3rd week at #1)
2 Come Back to Me--Janet Jackson
3 If Wishes Came True--Sweet Sensation
4 The Power--Snap!
5 Unskinny Bop--Poison
6 Blaze of Glory--Jon Bon Jovi
7 Do Me!--Bell Biv DeVoe
8 Have You Seen Her--M.C. Hammer
9 Cradle of Love--Billy Idol
10 King of Wishful Thinking--Go West

Singles entering the chart were This is the Right Time by Lisa Stansfield (#69); All I'm Missing is You by Glenn Medeiros featuring Ray Parker, Jr. (#72); Giving You the Benefit by Pebbles (#76); I Wanna Get Back with You by Louie Louie (#94); Jealous by Gene Loves Jezebel (#95); Fly to the Angels by Slaughter (#97); Joey by Concrete Blonde (#98); and Look Into My Eyes by George LaMond (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Vision of Love--Mariah Carey (2nd week at #1)
2 The Power--Snap!
3 Come Back to Me--Janet Jackson
4 If Wishes Came True--Sweet Sensation
5 Unskinny Bop--Poison
6 Cradle of Love--Billy Idol
7 Jerk Out--The Time
8 King of Wishful Thinking--Go West
9 Do Me!--Bell Biv DeVoe
10 Rub You the Right Way--Johnny Gill

Singles entering the chart were Policy of Truth by Depeche Mode (#60); Giving You the Benefit by Pebbles (#65); Summer Vacation by the Party (#68); This is the Right Time by Lisa Stansfield (#75); I Won't Give Up on You by TKA (#80); and Holding My Heart by Bang (#85).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Across the River--Bruce Hornsby (2nd week at #1)
2 Vision of Love--Mariah Carey
3 The Emperor's New Clothes--Sinead O'Connor
4 When I'm Back on My Feet Again--Michael Bolton
5 Just Came Back--Colin James
6 King of Wishful Thinking--Go West
7 Joey--Concrete Blonde
8 All the Lovers in the World--Gowan
9 She Ain't Worth It--Glenn Medeiros featuring Bobby Brown
10 Release Me--Wilson Phillips

Singles entering the chart were Girl with a Problem by the Northern Pikes (#57); Untouched by the Partland Brothers (#59); Epic by Faith No More (#66); New Language by The Pursuit of Happiness (#73); Close to You by Maxi Priest (#75); Edge of the World by Marc Jordan (#78); Are You Sending by Scott Merritt (#86); Can't Stop by After 7 (#96); and While My Guitar Gently Weeps by the Jeff Healey Band (#97).

Died on this date
B.F. Skinner, 86. U.S. psychologist. Dr. Skinner became an atheist when he was young as a result of an emotional reaction he had to something a Christian teacher told him about Hell, and his atheism influenced Dr. Skinner to become a "radical behaviourist," believing that human will was an illusion and that people behaved on the basis of reinforcement, which he called operant conditioning. His best known books were the utopian novel Walden Two (1948) and Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971). A 2002 survey revealed Dr. Skinner as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century, which speaks volumes about psychology (and the 20th century).

Grethe Ingmann, 52. Danish singer. Mrs. Ingmann, born Grethe Clemmensen, was married to guitarist Jorgen Ingmann, who was best known for his hit single Apache (1961). As a couple, they won the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest with the song Dansevise (Dancing tune). Mrs. Ingmann died of cancer.

Crime
Three teenage Negro boys were convicted in New York City of rape, assault, and other charges relating to the April 1989 beating of a 28-year-old female investment banker who was jogging through Central Park when she was attacked by a gang of young Negro men.

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Det vackraste--Cecilia Vennersten (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Country House--Blur

Defense
Just a week after winning a court case against The Citadel and four days after being admitted as the first female cadet to the defense academy in South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner announced that she was leaving the school, and said she saw no point in "killing myself just for the political point." 35 of 592 cadets dropped out during the first week.

Football
CFL
Ottawa (2-6) 11 @ Shreveport (3-6) 61
British Columbia (7-2) 6 @ Winnipeg (3-5) 11
Birmingham (5-3) 31 @ Calgary (7-1) 28
Saskatchewan (1-7) 13 @ Edmonton (6-3) 32

Martin Patton and Robert Cobb each rushed for 2 touchdowns as the Pirates routed the Rough Riders before 11,554 fans at the Independence Bowl.

Reggie Slack completed a 20-yard pass to Gerald Wilcox late in the 1st quarter for the game's only touchdown as the Blue Bombers defeated the Lions before 22,769 fans at Winnipeg Stadium in a game that was hampered by thunderstorms.

Matt Dunigan's 1-yard touchdown pass to Eddie Britton in the last minute of regulation time gave the Barracudas their win over the Stampeders before 25,129 fans at McMahon Stadium, ending the Stampeders' 27-game home winning streak. The winning touchdown came after Calgary backup quarterback Jeff Garcia had completed a 3-yard TD pass to Dave Sapunjis with 1:29 remaining. Calgary starting quarterback Doug Flutie passed 30,000 yards passing for his CFL career.

Chris Vargas threw 2 touchdown passes to Shalon Baker and 1 each to Nick Mazzoli and Lucius Floyd to lead the Eskimos over the Roughriders before 30,204 fans at Commonwealth Stadium.

20 years ago
2000

Died on this date
Henry Clark, 55. U.S. boxer. Mr. Clark was a heavyweight who compiled a professional record of 33-12-4-1 from 1964-1979. He beat Bill McMurray in 1967 to become California state heavyweight champion, and defeated such notable fighters as Zora Folley, Roger Rischer, and Leotis Martin before being knocked out by former world champion Sonny Liston in 1968. Mr. Clark lost his California title on a decision to Jack O'Halloran in 1972, and lost a decision to Howard Smith in an attempt to regain the title in 1977.

Football
CFL
Montreal (5-2) 26 @ Hamilton (5-2-0-1) 37
Edmonton (5-2) 28 @ Saskatchewan (0-6-1) 22

Danny McManus threw touchdown passes to Darren Flutie, Archie Amerson, and Trevor Shaw, while Ronald Williams rushed 23 times for 106 yards and a touchdown for the Tiger-Cats. Thomas Haskins, replacing the injured Mike Pringle in the Alouettes’ offensive backfield, rushed 12 times for 50 yards and a touchdown and caught 2 passes for 74 yards, one of which went for a 71-yard touchdown. Defensive end Swift Burch scored the other Montreal touchdown when he recovered a fumble in the Hamilton end zone. 20,720 attended the game at Ivor Wynne Stadium.

Wind was a factor in the game before 21,770 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. The Roughriders conceded 4 safety touches, the most by a team in a game since the Eskimos gave up 5 in Calgary on September 6, 1971. Darren Davis rushed 15 times for 117 yards and a touchdown, while quarterback Henry Burris rushed 4 yards for the other Saskatchewan touchdown with just 1:08 remaining in the game. Craig Carr, on a 1-yard rush, and Mark Nohra, on a 1-yard pass from Nealon Greene, scored the Edmonton touchdowns. The Eskimos scored all their points with the wind in the 2nd and 3rd quarters, while the Roughriders scored all their points with the wind in the 1st and 4th quarters. Eskimos’ defensive end Malvin Hunter, who was having a good season, suffered a career-ending injury late in the game when he tore the patella tendon in a knee.



Baseball
The Anaheim Angels scored 5 runs in the 9th inning to tie the New York Yankees 8-8, and Darin Erstad hit a home run in the 11th inning to give the Angels a 9-8 win before 37,503 fans at Yankee Stadium.

Carlos Delgado hit a 2-run home run in the 1st inning and Brad Fullmer scored Alex Gonzalez with a sacrifice fly in the 8th for the deciding run as the Toronto Blue Jays withstood a 2-run 9th-inning rally to defeat the Minnesota Twins 3-2 before 23,074 fans at SkyDome in Toronto. The Twins had runners on first and third bases with 2 out in the 9th, but Cristian Guzman grounded into a force play to end the game. Matt Kinney (0-1) made his major league debut as Minnesota's starting pitcher, allowing 5 hits and 2 runs--both earned--in 6.1 innings, walking 4 batters and striking out 2, with no fielding chances.

Roberto Alomar singled to lead off the bottom of the 9th inning and scored on a 1-out single by Travis Fryman to give the Cleveland Indians a 9-8 win over the Seattle Mariners before 43,126 fans at Jacobs Field in Cleveland. The Indians had tied the score on a 2-run home run by Kenny Lofton with 2 out in the 8th.

Ray Lankford drew a base on balls with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning, advanced to third base on a single by pinch hitter Eric Davis, and scored on a single by Carlos Hernandez as the St. Louis Cardinals came back from a 6-0 deficit to defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates 7-6 before 46,253 fans at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis.

10 years ago
2010

Died on this date
Hal Connolly, 79. U.S. hammer thrower. Mr. Connolly was born with a disabled left arm, but used his right arm to become the first American to throw the hammer more than 200 feet, setting six world records and winning the gold medal in the event at the 1956 Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne. He was unsuccessful in future Olympics, but served as a teacher and coach, and spent 11 years as an executive director of Special Olympics. Mr. Connolly was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1984; he was riding an exercise bike in a gym when he collapsed and died, 17 days after his 79th birthday.