November 10, 2021

1,560 years ago
461

Died on this date
Leo I, 61 (?). Roman Catholic Pope, 440-461. Leo "the Great" was a Roman aristocrat who was a deacon by 431, and succeeded Sixtus III as pope. He significantly contributed to the centralization of spiritual authority in the papacy, and it was during his reign that the term "Pope", which previously meant any bishop, came to exclusively mean the Bishop of Rome. Pope Leo issued the Tome of Leo, which asserted that Christ has two natures, and is not of or from two natures. Pope Leo I is perhaps best known for meeting Attila the Hun in 452 and persuading him to turn back from his invasion of Italy. Leo I was the first pope to be buried in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. He was succeeded by Hilarius.

780 years ago
1241

Died on this date
Celestine IV. Roman Catholic Pope, 1241. Celestine IV, born Goffredo da Castiglione, became a cardinal in 1227 and succeeded Gregory IX as pope after a contentious election, with the conclave taking place in a building where the roof leaked, and dripping water, mixed with urine from the guards on the roof, contributed to the death of one of the cardinals, and may have contributed to the death of the new pope. Pope Celestine IV took office on October 25, 1241--more than two months after the death of Gregory IX--and died of wear and age just 16 days later. He was succeeded on the papal throne by Innocent IV.

325 years ago
1696

War
Pierre d'Iberville and Simon de Bonaventure led a French privateering expedition from St-Malo to destroy Kirke's English settlement at Ferryland, Newfoundland; after looting and burning Ferryland, the expedition moved on to attack St John's on November 30.

200 years ago
1821

World events
Rufina Alfaro, 22, led an improvised group of soldiers in La Villa de Los Santos, Panama in the seizure of the local barracks and seized the weapons of Spanish soldiers. The protesters issued the Grito de La Villa de Los Santos (Cry From the Town of Saints), declaring their independence from the Spanish Empire.

150 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Winston Churchill. U.S. author. Mr. Churchill, no relation to Sir Winston Churchill, was one of the most popular American novelists in the early years of the 20th century. His works included Richard Carvel (1899); The Crisis (1901); and The Crossing (1904). Mr. Churchill abandoned writing in 1919, and withdrew from public life. He died of a heart attack on March 12, 1947 at the age of 75.

Exploration
Journalist and explorer Henry Stanley found Scottish missionary David Livingstone in central Africa and uttered the words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"

Scandal
A New Zealand parliamentary committee exonerated the Telegraph Department of intercepting telegrams for political gain; the accusations had been made by George Barton, editor of the Otago Daily Times.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Carl Stalling. U.S. composer. Mr. Stalling wrote scores for hundreds of cartoons, first with the Walt Disney studio and then with Warner Brothers, with whom he worked from 1936-1958. He died on November 29, 1972 at the age of 81.

Died on this date
Arthur Rimbaud, 37. French poet. Mr. Rimbaud was known for his contributions to symbolism, prefiguring surrealism. He led a dissolute life and had many adventures in Europe and Asia. Mr. Rimbaud died three weeks after his 37th birthday and shortly after having his right leg amputated, probably as the result of bone cancer.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Jimmy Dykes. U.S. baseball player and manager. Mr. Dykes was a third baseman and second baseman with the Philadelphia Athletics (1918-1932) and Chicago White Sox (1933-1939), batting .280 with 108 home runs and 1,071 runs batted in in 2,282 games. He managed the White Sox (1934-1946); Athletics (1951-1953); Baltimore Orioles (1954); Cincinnati Redlegs (1958); Detroit Tigers (1959-1960); and Cleveland Indians (1960-1961), compiling a record of 1,406-1,541-13-2 (.477). Mr. Dykes was the first manager to accumulate 1,000 career wins without winning a pennant; his teams never finished higher than third place. He died on June 15, 1976 at the age of 79.

90 years ago
1931

Movies
The Academy Awards for 1930-31 were presented at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. The winners included: Picture--Cimarron; Director--Norman Taurog (Skippy); Actor--Lionel Barrymore (A Free Soul); Actress--Marie Dressler (Min and Bill).

80 years ago
1941

War
U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill said that "should the U.S. become involved in war with Japan, a British declaration of war will follow within the hour," adding that the "Lend-Lease bill must be regarded as the most unsordid act in the whole of recorded history." General Sir Archibald Wavell said in New Delhi that he was fully responsible for the British retreat in Libya the previous spring when "the enemy attacked at least a month before I had expected it possible." Japanese Finance Minister Okinori Kaya told the National Financial Council that Japan aimed "to force Britain and the United States to reteat from East Asia." Chinese government spokesman T.T. Tsiang said that the U.S., U.K., China, and the Netherlands had agreed on measures to meet "Japan's next move in the Pacific."

Politics and government
Chilean President Pedro Aguirre Cerda temporarily resigned his office because of ill health and turned over his executive powers to Vice President Geronimo Mendez, leader of the Radical Party.

The U.S. House of Representatives unanimously adopted a resolution instructing Rep. Hamilton Fish (Republican--New York) to ignore a summons to appear before a federal grand jury investigating Nazi propaganda until the House Judiciary Committee ruled on whether it "invades the rights and privileges of the House."

The Indian government announced that Subhas Chandra Bose, leftist leader of Mohandas Gandhi's All-India Congress Party, was now believed to be in Berlin or Rome.

Labour
More than 2,000 American Federation of Labor construction workers struck in San Diego for a $1-per-day wage increase, tying up work on $23 million worth of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps projects.

The U.S. National Defense Mediation Board voted 9-2 to reject the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America's demand for a closed shop in mines struck October 27-30.

AFL Teamsters President Daniel Tobin ordered striking Teamsters to return to work at the Detroit Railway Express Agency.

75 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Sanford Moss, 74. U.S. aviation engineer. Dr. Moss worked at General Electric from 1903-1938, specializing in turbochargers. He was the first person to use a turbocharger on an aircraft engine.

Nguyen Van Thinh, 58. Vietnamese politician. Thinh joined the Constitutionalist Party in 1926 and founded the Cochinchinese Democratic Party in 1937. He was the first President of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina--a French puppet state--and apparently committed suicide. Thinh was succeeded in office by Lê Văn Hoạch.

War
20,000 Muslims fled the northeastern Indian province of Bihar as Hindu-Muslim riots broke out again following the departure of U.K. envoy Sir Archibald Wavell to New Delhi.

Politics and government
Elections for the first French National Assembly under the new constitution gave the Communists the largest number of seats, 163 out of 619.

Municipal elections in Rome and four other Italian cities resulted in large victories for the Socialist and Communist Parties against the Christian Democrats.

Football
NFL
Green Bay (3-3) 19 @ Chicago Cardinals (4-4) 7
Pittsburgh (4-2-1) 7 @ Detroit (1-6) 17
Chicago Bears (5-1-1) 27 @ Los Angeles (3-3-1) 27
Boston (0-6) 14 @ Washington (4-2-1) 17
Philadelphia (4-3) 17 @ New York (5-2) 45

AAFC
Buffalo (3-7-1) 17 @ Brooklyn (3-5-1) 14
Cleveland (8-2) 14 @ San Francisco (6-4) 7
Los Angeles (4-4-1) 12 @ New York (7-2-1) 17

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): The Loveliest Night of the Year--Mario Lanza; Ann Blyth

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett (Best Seller--2nd week at #1); Because of You--Tony Bennett (Disc Jockey--8th week at #1; Jukebox--7th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (It's No) Sin--The Four Aces (2nd week at #1)
--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
2 Because of You--Tony Bennett
--Les Baxter and his Orchestra
3 Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett
4 I Get Ideas--Tony Martin
--Louis Armstrong
5 The World is Waiting for the Sunrise--Les Paul and Mary Ford
6 Down Yonder--Del Wood
--Joe "Fingers" Carr
--Champ Butler
7 And So to Sleep Again--Patti Page
8 The Loveliest Night of the Year--Mario Lanza
9 Whispering--Les Paul
10 Undecided--The Ames Brothers and Les Brown and his Band of Renown

Singles entering the chart were Unforgettable by Nat "King" Cole (#18); Domino by Tony Martin (#22); Out in the Cold Again by Richard Hayes (#29); Jazz Me Blues by Les Paul (#30); Meanderin' (#33)/They Call the Wind Maria (#41) by Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra; Slow Poke by Pee Wee King and his Golden West Cowboys (#34); and They Call the Wind Maria, with versions by Voices of Walter Schumann; and the Mariners (#41).
They Call the Wind Maria was from the musical play Paint Your Wagon, which was about to open on Broadway.

At the movies
Mujeres de teatro (Women of the Theatre), directed by René Cardona, and starring Emilia Guiú, Rosita Fornés, and María Victoria, opened in theatres in Mexico.



Diplomacy
The United Nations Security Council asked mediator Frank Graham to continue his efforts to settle the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan and to report in six weeks.

Crime
A coroner's jury in Eustis, Florida ruled that Sheriff Willis McCall, a white man, had fired in self-defense four days earlier when he shot and killed Negro prisoner Samuel Shepherd and wounded Negro prisoner Walter Lee Irvin while transporting them from Railford State Prison to Lake County Jail in Tavares.

Transportation
Africa's biggest airfield, capable of handling the latest jet planes, was opened at Entebbe in the British colony of Uganda.

Communications
With the rollout of the North American Numbering Plan, American Telephone and Telegraph Company inaugurated U.S. coast-to-coast long distance telephone service without operator assistance; the first call was between the mayors of Englewood, New Jersey and Alameda, California.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Semi-Finals
Toronto 21 @ Hamilton 7 (Hamilton won 2-game total points series 31-28)

Toronto quarterback Nobby Wirkowski threw touchdown passes to Doug Pyzer and Al Pfeifer and pitched out to Mr. Pyzer for another major as the Argonauts erased a 17-point deficit to take a 28-26 lead in total points after 3 quarters, but Hamilton quarterback Bernie Custis, who had been having a poor game, put together a drive that ended with a 28-yard touchdown pass to Spider Gibson with 4 minutes remaining in the 4th quarter. The Argonauts had another chance with less than 2 minutes remaining when they took possession of the ball at the Hamilton 30-yard line after a poor punt by Cam Fraser. Bob McDonald of the Tiger-Cats intercepted a pass in his own end zone, and Dick Brown rushed 70 yards from his own 10-yard line to the Toronto 30 with time for just one more play. 15,000 were in attendance at Civic Stadium.

WIFU
Finals
Edmonton 5 @ Saskatchewan 12 (Best-of-three series tied 1-1)

Sully Glasser and Ken Charlton scored touchdowns for the Roughriders, both converted by Red Ettinger, before 12,000 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. Annis Stukus led the Eskimos with a field goal and single.

ORFU
Finals
Toronto 7 @ Sarnia 26 (Sarnia won 2-game total points series 41-30)

John "Corky" Duchene scored 2 touchdowns to lead the Imperials to their first ORFU title since 1939. Sarnia quarterback George Curtis threw just 2 passes, but completed both, one for a 75-yard touchdown to Jack Glendenning in the 3rd quarter.

Canadian university
Western Ontario (2-3-1) 20 @ Queen's (0-6) 13
McGill (4-2) 7 @ Toronto (5-0-1) 11

Bill McFarlane scored 2 touchdowns as the Varsity Blues defeated the Redmen before 21,138 fans at Varsity Stadium to capture the Yates Cup for the third straight year.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Deaths-Head Revisited, starring Oscar Beregi, Joseph Schildkraut, and Kaaren Verne

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Coz I Luv You--Slade

On television tonight
Rod Serling's Night Gallery, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Diary, starring Patty Duke, Virginia Mayo, and David Wayne; A Matter of Semantics, starring Cesar Romero and E.J. Peaker; Big Surprise, starring John Carradine and Vincent Van Patten; Professor Peabody's Last Lecture, starring Carl Reiner

Died on this date
Walter Van Tilburg Clark, 62. U.S. author. Mr. Clark, a native of Maine, moved to Nevada in his youth, and remained associated with that state for the rest of his life. He was known for his Western novels The Ox-Bow Incident (1940) and The Track of the Cat (1949), and for his numerous short stories, winning the O. Henry Award five times. Mr. Clark abandoned writing fiction in his last 20 years, concentrating on teaching creative writing at the University of Montana (1954-1956); San Francisco State University (1956-1962); and University of Nevada at Reno (1962-1971). He died of cancer.

War
Khmer Rouge forces attacked the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44 people, wounding at least 30, and damaging nine aircraft.

Japanica
The U.S. Senate voted 84-6 to ratify the treaty under which Okinawa and other Ryukyu Islands would revert to Japan in 1972.

Disasters
A Merpati Nusantara Airlines Vickers Viscount en route from Jakarta to Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, crashed into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Padang, killing all 69 people on board. The crew had notifed air traffic controllers that they would be unable to reach their destination because of bad weather.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone)--Chilliwack
2 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
3 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
4 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
5 Arthur's Theme (Best that You Can Do)--Christopher Cross
6 Sausalito Summernight--Diesel
7 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
8 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
9 Wired for Sound--Cliff Richard
10 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie

Singles entering the chart were Young Turks by Rod Stewart (#15); Hard to Say by Dan Fogelberg (#17); and Twilight by Electric Light Orchestra (#20).

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): The Fly--U2 (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (15th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (7th week at #1)
2 Let's Talk About Sex!--Salt-N-Pepa
3 Do the Limbo Dance--David Hasselhoff
4 Any Dream Will Do--Jason Donovan
5 Something Got Me Started--Simply Red
6 Jambo--Erste Allgemeine Verunsicherung
7 Pandora's Box--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)
8 Now that We Found Love--Heavy D & the Boyz
9 Set Adrift on Memory Bliss--PM Dawn
10 The Fly--U2

Singles entering the chart were The Fly; Can't Stop this Thing We Started by Bryan Adams (#20); Falling (The Theme from Twin Peaks) by Julee Cruise (#24); and Generations of Love by Jesus Loves You (#30). As the title indicates, Falling (The Theme from Twin Peaks) was from the television series.

Died on this date
Robert McClure, 90. U.S.-born Canadian physician. Dr. McClure, a native of Portland, Oregon, was raised in China by missionary parents before moving to Canada. He obtained a medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1922, and served as a medical missionary in Henan, China from 1923-1948. Dr. McClure became the first lay moderator of the United Church of Canada, holding the position from 1968-1971. He died 13 days short of his 91st birthday.

William Afflis, aka Dick the Bruiser, 62. U.S. football player and wrestler. Mr. Afflis was a lineman with Purdue University and the Green Bay Packers (1951-1954) before embarking on a professional wrestling career as Dick the Bruiser. He wrestled from 1954-1986, winning numerous titles. Mr. Afflis settled in Indianapolis, and in 1964 purchased the National Wrestling Alliance's Indianapolis promotion and renamed it the World Wrestling Association (WWA), operating it until it ceased operations in 1989. He died of internal bleeding after rupturing a blood vessel in his esophagus while weightlifting at his home.

Football
CFL
East Semi-Final
Ottawa 8 @ Winnipeg 26

The Blue Bombers had an easy time defeating the Rough Riders before 22,799 fans at Winnipeg Stadium in the game that ended the career of Joe Faragalli as Ottawa's head coach. The teams combined for 8 turnovers, 7 sacks, and less than 300 yards in net offense. Former Blue Bomber Jeff Smith, playing his only game of the season, caught a pass late in the game for the only Ottawa touchdown, and Mr. Faragalli was not pleased with Mr. Smith's touchdown celebration.



West Semi-Final
British Columbia 41 @ Calgary 43

Only 14,026 fans--including this blogger--were in attendance on a beautiful Sunday afternoon at McMahon Stadium, but they saw a great game. The Lions, led by quarterback Doug Flutie, led 31-16 at halftime, but the Stampeders, quarterbacked by Danny Barrett, took control in the 2nd half and directed the team to 4 converted touchdowns in the 3rd quarter. Mr. Flutie was handicapped by the fact that two of his starting receivers--Matt Clark and Mike Trevathan--were absent because of injury, and were replaced by rookies Spencer McLennan and Kevin Thompson. When the Lions fell behind, Mr. Flutie was unable to mount one of his patented late-game comebacks because the Calgary offense was able to maintain control of the ball, led by the rushing of former Lion Keyvan Jenkins. Mr. Barrett finished the game with 5 touchdown passes. The win was Calgary's first in a playoff game since 1979.



25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Wannabe--Spice Girls

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Zehn kleine Jägermeister--Die Toten Hosen

#1 single in Switzerland: Zehn kleine Jägermeister--Die Toten Hosen (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): What Becomes of the Brokenhearted/Saturday Night at the Movies/You'll Never Walk Alone--Robson & Jerome (2nd week at #1)

Football
CFL
East Semi-Final
Hamilton 11 @ Montreal 22

The Montreal defense intercepted 4 passes from Hamilton quarterback Anthony Calvillo and Tracy Ham completed touchdown passes to Chris Armstrong and Denis Montana in the 2nd half as the Alouettes beat the Tiger-Cats before 20,036 fans at Olympic Stadium. Mr. Ham's TD pass to Mr. Montana in the 4th quarter clinched the win for the Alouettes.



West Semi-Final
Winnipeg 7 @ Edmonton 68

Jim Sandusky caught 3 touchdown passes and Eric Blount added 2 touchdowns as the Eskimos routed the Blue Bombers on a snowy day before only 13,472 fans, the smallest crowd ever to attend a CFL game at Commonwealth Stadium (see video). Edmonton led 10-1 after the 1st quarter, 31-1 at halftime, and 46-1 after 3 quarters as they amassed the greatest single-game point total and the most lopsided win in modern CFl post-season history. The Blue Bombers neglected to bring shoes that were appropriate for the conditions, and someone was hastily sent to a store in Edmonton to get some during the game, but by the time the players donned the new shoes, the game was already out of reach. The Blue Bombers complained that the Eskimos were using illegal footwear, and the Eskimos were in fact penalized on one play, but Edmonton general manager Hugh Campbell denied that the team was cheating. Edmonton quarterback Danny McManus completed 12 of 20 passes for 256 yards and 4 touchdowns, while backup Cody Ledbetter was 2 for 4 for 52 yards and a touchdown. Eddie Brown caught 3 passes for 107 yards, Mr. Sandusky caught 5 for 93, and Darren Flutie caught 4 for 80 and a touchdown. Mr. Blount rushed 17 times for 76 yards and a touchdown, and caught 1 pass for an 8-yard TD. Jay Hamilton, seeing the first extended playing time of his career, rushed 7 times for 45 yards, and scored his only CFL touchdown on a 15-yard rush on the last play of the game. Kavis Reed returned an interception 45 yards for an Edmonton touchdown in the 3rd quarter, and Glenn Rogers, Jr. returned another 38 yards for a TD in the 4th quarter. Sean Fleming set a CFL playoff record with 9 converts and opened the scoring with a field goal, and Glenn Harper punted for 2 singles. Reggie Slack, who split the Winnipeg quarterbacking duties with Kent Austin, rushed 1 yard for a touchdown 1:05 into the 4th quarter. Troy Westwood's single off a missed field goal in the 1st quarter provided the other Winnipeg point. Mr. Slack completed just 6 of 22 passes for 98 yards, while Mr. Austin was 4 for 8 for 36 yards in the last game of his 10-year CFL career. Allan Boyko was virtually the only Winnipeg player to have a good game, catching 7 passes for 115 yards. Hall of Famer Milt Stegall caught just 1 pass for 5 yards; Mr. Reed stepped in front of him to make the interception that he returned for a TD, and Mr. Stegall and Mr. Austin got nto a heated exchange on the sidelines afterward, prompting head coach Cal Murphy to come over to try to settle things down. The Eskimos rolled up 471 yards net offense, while limiting the Blue Bombers to 75 yards net offense. The loss was such a debacle that few Blue Bombers were brought back for 1997. The most prominent casualty was Mr. Murphy, who had been head coach and/or general manager of the Blue Bombers since 1983.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Ken Kesey, 66. U.S. writer. Mr. Kesey was a participant in U.S. government experiments involving the use of hallucinogenic drugs (including mescaline and LSD) in the late 1950s, which influenced his most famous work, the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962). His novel Sometimes a Great Notion (1964) was his other notable book. Mr. Kesey hosted several friends, collectively known as the Merry Pranksters, at his homes in Oregon and California, embarking on a lengthy bus trip in 1964 and engaging in various drug-fuelled experiences. He developed diabetes, had a stroke in 1997, and died several weeks after surgery to remove a tumour from his liver.

Economics and finance
The World Trade Organization approved China's membership.

Football
CIS
Jewett Trophy
Acadia 7 @ St. Mary's 38

Dunsmore Cup
McGill 12 @ Laval 42

Mathieu Brassard rushed 14 times for 80 yards and 2 touchdowns on a snow-covered field at PEPS Stadium before 12,528 fans.



Yates Cup
Ottawa 22 @ McMaster 30

Vaughn Swart caught 7 passes for 201 yards and 3 touchdowns to lead the Marauders over the Gee-Gees at Les Prince Field in Hamilton. The loss ended Ottawa's reign as Vanier Cup champions.