November 22, 2021

300 years ago
1721

Born on this date
Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres. Swiss-born Canadian cartographer and politician. Mr. Des Barres moved to England as a young man, and trained at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He served as an adie-de-camp to General James Wolfe during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), and compiled Atlantic Neptune (1777), a four-volume collection of maps, charts and views of North America. Mr. Des Barres served as Lieutenant Governor of Cape Breton (1784-1787) and Governor of Prince Edward Island (1804-1812). He died in Halifax on October 24 or 27, 1824, less than a month before his 103rd birthday.

160 years ago
1861

Born on his date
Ranavalona III. Queen of Madagascar, 1883-1897. Ranavalona III was selected from among several members of the Andriana class qualified to succeed Queen Ranavalona II on the throne. Queen Ranavalona III entered into a political marriage with Rainilaiarivony, a member of the Hova elite who served as Prime Minister (1864-1895). She tried to strengthen trade and diplomatic ties with foreign powers, but invading French troops defeated Hova forces in 1895 and formally annexed Madagascar on January 1, 1896. Queen Ranavalona was allowed to remain as a figurehead sovereign, but a popular resistance movement against the French was put down in 1897, and she was exiled to the island of Réunion. Rainilaiarivony died later that year, and Ravalona III moved to Algiers, where she lived until her death from a severe embolism on May 23, 1917 at the age of 55.

150 years ago
1871

Died on this date
Oscar Dunn, 49 (?). U.S. politician. Mr. Dunn was born into slavery in New Orleans, but his father purchased the family's freedom in 1832. Mr. Dunn became a successful carpenter, and in 1867 was elected to New Orleans City Council. He defeated a white candidate for the Republican Party nomination, and in June 1868 took office as Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana, also serving as President pro tempore of the Louisiana State Senate, becoming the first Negro to serve as Lieutenant Governor of a U.S. state. Mr. Dunn was also President of the Metropolitan Police in New Orleans. He was associated with the Radical Republicans during the era of Reconstruction after the American Civil War. The Republicans in Louisiana wee afflicted with internal divisions during Mr. Dunn's time in office, and he had numerous political enemies. He died suddenly at his home; symptoms were reportedly consistent with arsenic poisoning, and there were suspicions that Mr. Dunn ws murdered. He was succeeded as Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana by P.B.S. Pinchback.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Enver Pasha. Ottoman military officer and politician. İsmail Enver Pasha was a leader of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 that established democracy in the Ottoman Empire, and with Talaat Pasha and Cemal Pasha, was one of the Three Pashas who effectively ruled the empire after taking power in a coup d'état in 1913. Enver Pasha was a mirliva (brigadier general) who served with the Ottoman Army (1903-1918); as Minister of War and defacto commander-in-chief (1904-1918), he led a disastrous attack against Russian forces in the Battle of Sarikamish (1914-1915), and blamed Armenians for his defeat. Enver Pasha was one of the principal perpetrators of the genocide of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks during World War I; he escaped the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war, and was convicted in absentia of the genocide. Enver Pasha ended up in central Asia, and on August 4, 1922 at the age of 48, was killed by machine-gun fire while leading the Basmachi Revolt against the Bolsheviks.

130 years ago 1891 Born on this date
Edward Bernays. Austrian-born U.S. publicist. Mr. Bernays, a nephew of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, has been called "the father of public relations" and one of the most influential Americans of the 20th century. He was born in Vienna, and moved with his family to New York City when he was an infant. Mr. Bernays worked with the U.S. Committee on Public Information's Bureau of Latin-American Affairs during World War I, and then worked as a "public relations counsel" in New York from 1919-1963 on behalf of businesses and governments. His advertising campaigns included the "Torches of Freedom" project in the 1920s to induce women to smoke cigarettes, and work on behalf of the United Fruit Company in the 1950s in connection with the Central Intelligence Agency's overthrow of the Guatemalan government of President Jacobo Arbenz. Mr. Bernays' books included Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923); Propaganda (1928); and Public Relations (1945). Mr. Bernays died on March 9, 1995 at the age of 103.

125 years ago
1896

Died on this date
George Ferris, Jr., 37. U.S. engineer. Mr. Ferris invented the Ferris Wheel for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. He died of typhoid fever.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
José Leandro Andrade. Uruguayan soccer player. Mr. Andrade, nicknamed "la maravilla negra" (The Black Marvel), played wing-half with six senior Uruguayan clubs (1921-1934), scoring 39 goals in 284 games. He scored 1 goal in 34 international matches (1923-1930), helping Uruguay win gold medals in the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympic Games, and the first World Cup in 1930. Mr. Andrade developed syphilis during his playing career, and fell on hard times in later years, taking to drink and dying in poverty in an asylum on October 5, 1957 at the age of 55.

Joaquín Rodrigo. Spanish composer. Mr. Rodrigo, who went blind at the age of 3 and wrote his compositions in Braille, was a pianist who was known for his compositions for guitar. His best-known work is Concierto de Aranjuez (1940). Mr. Rodrigo died on July 6, 1999 at the age of 97.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Ralph Guldahl. U.S. golfer. Mr. Guldahl won 16 PGA tournaments, including the U.S. Open in 1938 and 1939, and the Masters in 1939. When he won the 1938 U.S. Open, he became the last golfer to do so while wearing a necktie during play. Mr. Guldahl died on June 11, 1987 at the age of 75.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Rodney Dangerfield. U.S. comedian. Mr. Dangerfield, born Jacob Cohen, was known for saying, "I don't get no respect." His album No Respect (1980) won a Grammy Award. Mr. Dangerfield's movies included Caddyshack (1980); Easy Money (1983); and Back to School (1986). Mr. Dangerfield died on October 5, 2004 at the age of 82, of complications from heart surgery.

90 years ago
1931

Football
NFL
Portsmouth (10-3) 19 @ Chicago Cardinals (4-3) 10
Cleveland (2-7) 7 @ Staten Island (3-6-1) 16
Chicago Bears (6-3) 26 @ Brooklyn (2-10) 0
Green Bay (10-1) 14 @ New York (5-5) 10

80 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Piano Concerto in B Flat--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra (8th week at #1)

Died on this date
Werner Mölders, 28. German military aviator. Oberst (Colonel) Mölders was the leading German air ace during the Spanish Civil War, and the first flying ace to claim 100 victories in combat. He was killed in the crash of a plane in which he was a passenger on the way from Crimea to Germany to attend the funeral of his superior, Ernst Udet, who had committed suicide on November 17.

Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull conferred in Washington with Viscount Halifax (U.K.); Dr. Hu Shih (China); Richard Casey (Australia); and Dr. A. Loudon (Netherlands) on the Far Eastern situation.

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order authorizing the Office of Production Management to seize property required for national defense.

Politics and government
Chilean Interior Minister Leonardo Guzman and Defense Minister Carlos Valdovinos resigned.

The Panamanian government banned the circulation of anti-democratic propaganda.

Medicine
Dr. Leslie Chambers and Werner Henle of the University of Pennsylvania showed the first photographs of influenza virus type A, which were taken with an electron microscope and showed the virus to be 4 ten-millionths of an inch in diameter.

Labour
Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America President John L. Lewis and the UMW policy committee accepted U.S. President Roosevelt's appointment of a three-man commission to arbitrate the union's demand for a closed shop, and ordered striking coal miners to return to work immediately. The Congress of Industrial Organizations convention in Detroit adjourned after adopting resolutions scoring the Federal Bureau of Investigation as "political police" and the National Labor Relations Board as biased aganst CIO unions.

Football
CRU
Eastern Final
Hamilton (ORFU) 2 @ Ottawa (IRFU) 7

Bert Haigh's touchdown, converted by Eric Chipper, provided all the scoring the Rough Riders needed to defeat the Wildcats at Lansdowne Park to advance to the Grey Cup. Arnie McWatters punted for a single for the other Ottawa point. Scotty Wright punted for 2 singles to account for the Wildcats' scoring.

75 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Otto Georg Thierack, 57. German jurist and politician. Mr. Thierack joined the Nazi Party in 1932 and rose to the rank of President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof). He was Reich Minister of Justice from August 20, 1942-April 30, 1945. Mr. Thierack handed convicts over to the SS for punishment during World War II, was arrested at the conclusion of the war. He committed suicide in prison by poisoning before he could be tried at Nuremberg for war crimes.

Politics and government
Bulgarian Communist leader Georgi Dimitrov became Premier and named a cabinet that included 10 Communists, five Peasant Party members, and two Socialists.

Bolivia's governing Liberal Party nominated former Ambassador to the United States Luis Gernando Guachalla as President.

Law
A U.S. district court in Washington dismissed charges against 26 surviving defendants of the 1942 mass indictments for sedition, saying that another trial would be a "travesty on justice."

Labour
A major strike was triggered in the copper and gold mines of the Noranda company in Abitibi, Quebec. The strikers were supported by a union affiliated with the U.S. Congress of Industrial Organizations. The strike didn't end until February 10, 1947.

Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America President John L. Lewis returned to Washington to appear before U.S. district court in the current mining dispute, while 3,000 striking hard coal miners resumed work.

The annual CIO convention ended in Atlantic City after re-electing Philip Murray as President and United Auto Workers leaders Walter Reuther and R.J. Thomas as Vice Presidents.

Baseball
The Baseball Writers Association of America named Stan Musial of the St. Louis Cardinals as the National League's Most Valuable Player for 1946. "Stan the Man" played 156 games--114 games at first base and 42 in left field--leading the NL in batting percntage (.365); slugging percentage (.587); at bats (624); runs (124); hits (228); doubles (50); and triples (20), and was third in runs batted in (103) as the Cardinals defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in a two-game playoff to win the NL pennant and then defeated the Boston Red Sox 4 games to 3 in the World Series.

70 years ago
1951

At the movies
Scrooge, directed by Brian Desmond-Hurst, and starring Alastair Sim in the title role, received its premiere screening at the Odeon Marble Arch in London. It opened in the United States six days later under the title A Christmas Carol.







Literature
Closing the Ring, the fifth volume of Sir Winston Churchill's History of the Second World War, was published in Boston by Houghton Mifflin.

War
U.S. and Communist negotiators in Panmunjom reached a tentative agreement to locate the cease-fire line on the present battle front if agreement could be reached within a month on other questions, including truce enforcement and exchange of prisoners. Chinese and North Korean forces attacked Hill 355, held by the Second Battalion of the Canadian Royal 22e Régiment. The troops were occupying a 7-kilometre front extending north-east from the Samichon River; D Company met heavy shelling, but held the position for 96 hours in harsh, snowy conditions. Canadian losses were 15 killed and 34 wounded.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. asked the United Nations General Assembly to investigate alleged U.S. attempts to organize subversive movements in Communist countries.

Defense
West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and the Western Allies reached a "general agreement" on ending the occupation of West Germany under a new "peace contract."

Politics and government
Premier Leslie Frost led his Progressive Conservative Party to its third consecutive majority in the Ontario provincial election. The PCs won 79 of 90 seats in the Legislative Assembly, an increase of 26 from before the election. The Liberal Party, led by Walter Thomson, dropped from 14 seats to 8, but regained the position of official Opposition. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, led by Ted Jolliffe, dropped from 19 seats to 2.

Agriculture
Argentine President Juan Peron told visiting U.S. Congressmen in Buenos Aires that he hoped to double Argentina's agricultural production during his second five-year administration through new irrigation projects and farm mechanization.

Football
NFL
Green Bay (3-6) 35 @ Detroit (6-2-1) 52

60 years ago
1961

At the movies
Blue Hawaii, directed by Norman Taurog, and starring Elvis Presley, Joan Blackman, and Angela Lansbury, opened in theatres.



Football
CFL
Western Finals
Calgary 14 @ Winnipeg 43 (Winnipeg won best-of-three series 2-0)

Leo Lewis scored touchdowns on a 49-yard pass from Kenny Ploen and a 42-yard rush to lead the Blue Bombers to their fourth western title in five years. Frank Rigney scored the third Winnipeg touchdown when he recovered a fumble by Calgary punt returner Bill Miller in the Stampeders' end zone, and Winnipeg backup quarterback Hal Ledyard threw touchdown passes of 83 yards to Ernie Pitts and 11 yard to Farrell Funston. Gerry James converted all 5 touchdowns and added 2 field goals and a single. Winnipeg fullback Charlie Shepard punted for a single, but left the game with a leg injury in the 3rd quarter. The Blue Bombers led 43-0 before Jerry Keeling, who had replaced starter Eagle Day at quarterback for the Stampeders, produced 2 late touchdowns, rushing 2 yards for one and handing off to Earl Lunsford for a 2-yard touchdown rush. Both were converted by George Hansen. 16,800 were in attendance at Winnipeg Stadium on a mild Wednesday night.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Banks of the Ohio--Olivia Newton-John (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Ame no Midōsuji--Ouyang Fei Fei (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Mammy Blue--Pop-Tops (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Zez Confrey, 76. U.S. musician and composer. Edward Elzear Confrey was a jazz pianist who composed and performed novelty tunes in a career spanning more than 40 years, but was best known for writing Kitten on the Keys (1922) and Dizzy Fingers (1923). He died after suffering from Parkinson's disease for many years.

Terrorism
FLQ terrorist Bernard Lortie was sentenced to 20 years in prison for the murder of Québec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte during the October Crisis in 1970.

Disasters
Five teenagers from Edinburgh and their instructor were killed in one of Scotland's worst mountaineering accidents.

Football
NFL
Green Bay (3-6-1) 21 @ Atlanta (5-4-1) 28

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Say I Love You--Renée Geyer (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Japanese Boy--Aneka (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Hans Krebs, 81. German-born U.K. physician and biochemist. Sir Hans was a pioneer in the study of cellular respiration, a biochemical process in living cells that extracts energy from food and oxygen and makes it available to drive the processes of life. He began his career in Germany, but as a Jew, lost his job shortly after the Nazis came to power in 1933. Sir Hans was quickly hired by Cambridge University, and later worked at Sheffield University and the University of Oxford. He was awarded a share of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle." Sir Hans died after a brief illness.

Football
CFL
Grey Cup @ Olympic Stadium, Montreal
Edmonton 26 Ottawa 23

Dave Cutler's 27-yard field goal with 3 seconds remaining in regulation time gave the Eskimos their record fourth straight Grey Cup victory. The Eskimos fell behind 20-0 in the 2nd quarter, as rookie quarterback J.C. Watts, named the game's outstanding offensive player, led the Rough Riders to 2 Gerry Organ field goals, followed by touchdown rushes of 1 yard by Jim Reid and 14 yards by Sam Platt, both converted by Mr. Organ. Edmonton quarterback Warren Moon threw 2 interceptions in the 1st half before veteran Tom Wilkinson, playing the final game of a 15-year CFL career, relieved him in the 2nd quarter and completed 10 of 13 passes. Mr. Wilkinson's efforts produced just 1 point, when Dave Cutler missed a field goal, but the Eskimos seemed considerably less rattled when they came out to play the 2nd half. Mr. Moon returned and threw another interception, but the Rough Riders were unable to capitalize, and the Eskimos rallied for 2 quick touchdowns. Mr. Moon handed off to Jim Germany for a 1-yard touchdown run, converted by Mr. Cutler, to make the score 20-8. A few minutes later, Mr. Watts fumbled, and Edmonton linebacker Dale Potter recovered at the Ottawa 3-yard line. Mr. Moon sneaked over from the 1, and Mr. Cutler's convert reduced Ottawa's lead to 20-15. A field goal by Mr. Organ made the score 23-15, but Mr. Moon drove the Eskimos downfield late in the 4th quarter, and sneaked over from the 1-yard line for his second touchdown of the game. Mr. Moon then passed to Marco Cyncar for a 2-point convert--the first in Grey Cup history--to tie the game. The game's most controversial play occurred shortly after, when a completion from Mr. Watts to tight end Tony Gabriel was nullified when Mr. Gabriel and Edmonton defensive back Gary Hayes were both called or pass interference--a call that no one could remember seeing before (or since). The Eskimos soon regained possession, and Mr. Moon moved the team into position for the winning kick. The man who snapped the ball for the winning field goal, Bob Howes, was ending his 14-year CFL career. It was also the last game of the 11-year CFL career of Tony Gabriel; playing on a bad knee, he caught 6 passes for 76 yards. Another Ottawa receiver, Joe Taylor, played his only game as a Rough Rider, and didn't catch a pass. His only other CFL game had been with the Montreal Alouettes, when he'd caught 1 pass for 7 yards in the Alouettes' season opener on July 4.



NFL
San Diego (7-5) 55 @ Oakland (5-7) 21

San Diego tight end Kellen Winslow tied an NFL record for a single game, catching 5 touchdown passes, as the Chargers routed the defending Super Bowl champion Raiders at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. The record had been set by Bob Shaw of the Chicago Cardinals in 1950.

30 years ago
1991

At the movies
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West opened in theatres. Among the actors using their voices in this animated film was James Stewart, and it was his final movie role.



25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Breathe--The Prodigy

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Rat Trap--Dustin (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
María Casares, 74. Spanish-born French actress. Miss Casares was the daughter of a member of the Republican government in Spain in the 1930s, and fled to Paris with her mother at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. She became a renowned stage actress in France, and appeared in films such as Les Enfants du paradis (Children of Paradise) (1945); Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne (The Ladies of the Bois de Boulogne) (1945); and La Lectrice (The Reader) (1988), receiving a César Award nomination for her supporting performance in the latter. Miss Casarès died of colon cancer, the day after her 74th birthday.

Mark Lenard, 72. U.S. actor. Mr. Lenard, born Leonard Rosenson, was a character actor who was best known for playing Sarek, the father of Mr. Spock, in three Star Trek television series and five movies from 1966-1991. He died from multiple myeloma.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Mary Kay Ash, 83. U.S. businesswoman. Mrs. Ash founded Mary Kay Cosmetics in 1963. The company became one of the most successful multi-level marketing businesses in the world.

Norman Granz, 83. U.S.-born music producer. Mr. Granz began producing the "Jazz at the Philharmonic" concerts in Los Angeles in 1944, and expanded the concerts into international tours and recordings through the 1950s. He insisted on racially integrating the concerts, and refused to stage concerts where Negro performers were discriminated against or segregated. Mr. Granz founded the Clef, Norgran, Down Home, Verve, and Pablo record labels. In 1959, he moved to Switzerland, where he died of cancer.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Svetlana Alliluyeva, 85. U.S.S.R.-born writer. Miss Alliluyeva, the youngest child and only daughter of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, lectured on history and political science before defecting to the United States in 1967. She moved back to the Soviet Union in 1984 and regained her Soviet citizenship, but returned to the U.S.A. two years later.

Paul Motian, 80. U.S. musician. Mr. Motian was a jazz drummer and composer who worked with artists such as Bill Evans and Keith Jarrett in addition to leading his own combos. Mr. Motian played an important role in freeing jazz drummers from strict time-keeping duties.