September 5, 2021

370 years ago
1651

Baptized on this date
William Dampier. English explorer and naturalist. Mr. Dampier served with the Royal Navy and was then a privateer before eventually rejoining the Royal Navy. He was the first person to circumnavigate the world three times (1679-1691, 1703-1707, 1708-1711), and was the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia. Mr. Dampier's expeditions were the among first to identify and name a number of plants, animals, foods, and cooking techniques for a European audience. He was dismissed from the Royal Navy in 1702 after being convicted in a court martial of cruelty in the treatment of Lieutenant George Fisher, whom Mr. Dampier had removed from his ship and jailed in Brazil. Mr. Dampier apparently died in March 1715 at the age of 63. He influenced later prominent figures such as James Cook and Horatio Nelson.

250 years ago
1771

Born on this date
Karl, Duke of Teschen. Austrian royal family member and military officer. Archduke Karl von Österreich-Teschen, a son of Emperor Leopold II and younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Franz II, served in the Imperial Army from 1792-1809 as a lieutenant field marshal. He reformed Austria's armies to adopt the nation-at-arms principle, and was regarded as one of the greatest generals of the French Revolutionary Wars. Archduke Karl achieved several victories, most notably against the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte in the Battle of Aspern-Essling (1809), but saw no significant action after suffering a defeat in the Battle of Wagram (1809). Archduke Karl died on April 30, 1847 at the age of 75.

240 years ago
1781

Born on this date
Anton Diabelli. Austrian composer and publisher. Mr. Diabelli was best known in his own time as a music publisher, but he wrote vocal music and works for piano and guitar, and is best known today for the waltz he composed that served as the basis for Ludwig van Beethoven's Diabelli Variations. Mr. Diabelli died on April 8, 1858 at the age of 76, after a long battle with atherosclerosis.

War
The British Royal Navy was repelled by the French Navy in the Battle of the Chesapeake off the Virginia Capes, contributing to the British surrender to American forces at Yorktown.

230 years ago
1791

Born on this date
Giacomo Meyerbeer. German musician and composer. Mr. Meyerbeer, born Jacob Liebmann Beer, began his career as a pianist, but devoted the bulk of his career to composing operas. He wrote 19 operas, and has been called "the most frequently performed opera composer during the nineteenth century, linking Mozart and Wagner." Mr. Meyerbeer wrote choral works and about 50 songs in his later years, and died on May 2, 1864 at the age of 72.

Baseball
At a town meeting in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, a bylaw was passed making it illegal to play baseball and other sports within 80 yards of the town hall to prevent breaking of windows. It was the first mention of baseball in the United States.

150 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Friedrich Akel. Elder of State of Estonia, 1924. Dr. Akel, an ophthalmologist, served as Estonia's foreign minister three times, and was Elder (Head) of State from March-December 1924. He was imprisoned by the U.S.S.R. secret police force NKVD in October 1940, and was shot to death in Tallinn on July 3, 1941 at the age of 69.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Otto Bauer. Austrian politician. Mr. Bauer led the Austrian Social Democratic Party and served as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the coalition government of Chancellor Karl Renner from November 21, 1918-July 26, 1919. He was forced into exile abroad after a failed coup attempt against the dictatorship of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934, and died of heart failure in Paris on July 4, 1938 at the age of 56.

Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson. U.K. military officer. Field Marshal "Jumbo" Wilson served with the British Army (1900-1947), participating in the Second Boer War and both World Wars. He held several commands in North Africa and the Middle East in World War II, including Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean (1944-1945). Field Marshal Wilson launched Operation Compass (1940-1941), achieving success against Italian forces in Egypt and Libya. He was Chief of the British Joint Mission in Washington (1945-1947), and was aide-to-camp to King George VI. Field Marshal Wilson was created Baron Wilson in 1946, and was Constable of the Tower of London (1955-1960). He died on December 31, 1964 at the age of 83.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Florence Eldridge. U.S. actress. Miss Eldridge was a character actress who appeared in 23 movies and television programs from 1923-1978, but was better known as a stage actress. She appeared in more than 20 Broadway plays in a career spanning almost 40 years, and was nominated for a Tony Award for her starring performance in Long Day's Journey Into Night (1956), which co-starred her husband Fredric March, who won a Tony Award for his performance. Miss Eldridge died on August 1, 1988 at the age of 86.

Mario Scelba. Prime Minister of Italy, 1954-1955. Mr. Scelba was an early member of Christian Democracy in the 1940s, and served as Minister of Mails and Communications (1945-1947) and Minister of the Interior (1947-1953, 1954-1955, 1960-1962). He was known for his law and order and anti-Communist policies, and successfully reorganized the Italian police force. Mr. Scelba was Prime Minister from February 1954-July 1955, but a couple of scandals and intraparty machinations led to his resignation. He was a Member of the European Parliament (1960-1979), and was its President (1969-1971). Mr. Scelba died from a thrombosis on October 29, 1991 at the age of 90.

Baseball
The leaders of seven minor leagues--Eastern League; Western League; Three-I League; New York State League; Western Association; Pacific Northwest League; and New England League--with proxies of compliance from four other leagues, met in Chicago to set guidelines. The meeting determined roster sizes, fines, and a reserve clause, and established the league classifications of A, B, C, and D.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Jack Valenti. U.S. advertising and movie executive. Mr. Valenti was an advertising executive who beame a political consultant and was a "special assistant" to U.S. President Lyndon Johnson from 1963-1966 until accepting the position of president of the Motion Picture Association of America, holding the position until his returement in 2004. He devised the rating system for movies in 1968 in order to prevent possible government intervention. Mr. Valenti opposed making movies available via new technologies such as video cassettes and the Internet. He died on April 26, 2007 at the age of 85.

Murray Henderson. Canadian hockey player and coach. Mr. Henderson, a native of Toronto, was a defenceman with the Boston Bruins (1944-52), scoring 86 points on 24 goals and 62 assists in 405 regular season games and 2 goals and 3 assists in 41 playoff games. He concluded his career as playing coach with the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League (1952-56), scoring 76 points on 15 goals and 61 assists in 198 regular season games and 3 assists in 14 playoff games. Mr. Henderson, a cousin and nephew of the Conacher brothers of hockey and football fame, died in Toronto on January 4, 2013 at the age of 91.

80 years ago
1941

At the movies
Charlie Chan in Rio, directed by Harry Lachman, and starring Sidney Toler and Victor Sen Yung, opened in theatres.



The Argentine interior minister banned the U.K. anti-Nazi film Freedom Radio (aka A Voice in the Night) on the ground that it was offensive toward a friendly nation.

War
The whole territory of Estonia was occupied by German forces. Japanese cabinet spokeman Iichi Kishi said that if Chinese leader Wang Ching-wei and Chiang Kai-shek were to negotiate a peace settlement, "that would be an affair between two Chinese regimes." Wang Ching-wei led the Japanese-sponsored Chinese government. The American freighter Steel Seafarer was sunk in the Red Sea by a bomb; the nationality of the plane was unknown. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt told a press conference that the previous day's German submarine attack on the U.S. destroyer USS Greer was deliberate, and that U.S. warships would "eliminate" the U-boat if they found it.

Diplomacy
The Argentine Chamber of Deputies investigating committee declared that the German embassy was financing Nazi propaganda in Argentina.

Defense
Japan created an Air Defense Bureau to rush the construction of air-raid shelters throughout the country. The U.S. Senate passed the $3,583,900,000 defense tax bill and sent it to conference with the House of Representatives.

Politics and government
William Woodward was installed as Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.

The United States Senate confirmed the appointment of Francis Biddle as U.S. Attorney General without opposition.

Business
A U.S. federal judge ruled that market-sharing and patent-pooling agreements between the German dye trust I.G. Farbenindustrie and four U.S. drug manufacturers violated the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Labour
The U.S. National Railway Mediation Board announced that it had failed to mediate the wage dispute between the railraods and 19 unions representing 1.25 million workers.

75 years ago
1946

At the movies
Cloak and Dagger, directed by Fritz Lang, and starring Gary Cooper and Lilli Palmer, received its premiere screening in Atlantic City, New Jersey.



Radio
The formation of the Alaska Broadcasting System, the territory's first network, was announced in Anchorage.

Diplomacy
U.S.S.R. Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Vishinsky urged the Italian Political and Territorial Commission of the Paris Peace Conference to support Yugoslavia's claim to the whole of Istria and Trieste. The Romanian Commission awarded the predominantly Hungarian area of Transylvania to Romania. U.K. delegate to the United Nations Sir Alexander Cadogan labelled Ukrainian charges against Greece "unbridled propaganda."

Crime
The day after pleading guilty to burglary to the 1945 murders in Chicago of Josephine Ross and Frances Brown and the January 1946 murder of six-year-old Suzanne Degnan, William Heirens, 17, was sentenced by Chief Justice Harold G. Ward to life in prison with no possibility of parole. Mr. Heirens was transferred from Cook County Jail to Stateville Prison. Mr. Heirens claimed his confession was obtained under duress.

Politics and government
Virginia's Democratic State Convention named U.S. Representative Willis Robertson to take the seat of the late Carter Glass in the United States Senate.

Academia
Indiana Governor Ralph Gates demanded an investigation of possible subversive influences in the faculties of Indiana University and Indiana State Teachers College.

Medicine
Dr. Russell Reynolds of the United Kingdom, speaking at the American Congress of Physical Medicines in New York, described a method of making X-ray motion pictures without harm to the patient.

Economics and finance
General Lucius Clay of the U.S. military government in Germany announced plans for the economic unification of the U.K. and U.S. zones, involving the creation of German bizonal agencies responsible for food and agriculture, economics, and transport.

Labour
More than 60,000 members of the American Federation of Labor Seafarers Union and the AFL Sailors Union tied up Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shipping in a dispute over the U.S. Wage Stabilization Board's rejection of a wage increase won through collective bargaining.

Despite pleas from United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration director Fiorello La Guardia, New York longshoremen refused to load a freighter with relief supplies for Yugoslavia because of the August 9 and 19 Yugoslavian attacks on U.S. aircraft.

70 years ago
1951

On the radio
Pete Kelly's Blues, starring Jack Webb, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Zelda

War
Japanese Peace Treaty Conference chairman Dean Acheson ruled Soviet delegate Andrei Gromyko out of order on his proposal to seat the People's Republic of China.

Oil
Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh threatened to expel British oil workers from Iran unless the U.K. submitted new proposals within 15 days to settle the oil nationalization dispute.

Economics and finance
The British government reported a "diamond rush" in British Guiana, following the discovery of a diamond deposit in the Cuyuni River district.

Labour
U.S. Federal Judge Alfred Murrah issued a temporary injunction in Denver, on the request of U.S. Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, halting the 10-day nationwide copper-lead-zinc strike.

Tennis
Frank Sedgman of Australia defeated Victor Seixas of the United States 6-4, 6-1, 6-1 in the men's singles final of the U.S. National Championships in Forest Hills, New York.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Hello Mary Lou/Travelin' Man--Ricky Nelson (9th week at #1)

Baseball
Mickey Mantle hit his 51st home run of the season and Elston Howard added his 16th homer for the New York Yankees as they beat the Washington Senators 6-1 before 16,917 fans at Yankee Stadium. Jim Coates (10-5) pitched a 4-hitter to win over Joe McClain (8-16).

Brooks Robinson led off the bottom of the 6th inning with a double, advanced to third base on a sacrifice bunt by Dick Williams, and scored on a single by Jackie Brandt for the game's only run as the Baltimore Orioles edged the Detroit Tigers 1-0 before 13,841 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Chuck Estrada (12-8) allowed 3 hits and struck out 11 batters in 8.2 innings to win the pitchers' duel over Don Mossi (14-5), who allowed 5 hits in 7 innings. Rocky Colavito singled with 2 out in the 9th and advanced to second base on an error by left fielder Russ Snyder, but Steve Barber relieved Mr. Estrada and retired Norm Cash on a ground ball to first base to end the game. The evening began with the Orioles recording the last 3 outs of a 4-1 win in a game that had been suspended because of a curfew the previous night.

Al Smith led off the 9th inning with a home run to tie the score and the Chicago White Sox had runners on first and third bases with 2 out, but failed to score. After the Minnesota Twins were retired in order in the bottom of the 9th, the game was called because of fog, ending in a 3-3 tie before 11,099 fans at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington. Chicago center fielder Mike Hershberger batted 1 for 3 with a sacrifice, making 2 putouts in his first major league game.

Jerry Lumpe's 3-run home run with 2 out climaxed a 5-run 2nd inning, giving the Kansas City Athletics a 7-0 lead as they coasted to a 7-3 win over the Los Angeles Angels in the first game of a doubleheader before 4,692 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City. Jerry Walker (7-11) pitched a 10-hit complete game victory and batted 2 for 3. Los Angeles left fielder Lee Thomas was 5 for 5 with a double. Bobby Del Greco hit a 2-run homer with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th to give the Athletics a 13-12 win in the second game to complete the sweep. Mr. Thomas was 4 for 6 with 3 home runs--including a grand slam--and 8 runs batted in, tying the major league record with 9 hits in a doubleheader.

Frank Bolling singled with 1 out in the bottom of the 14th inning, advanced to third base on a single by Sammy White, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Joe Torre to give the Milwaukee Braves a 5-4 win over the Philadelphia Phillies before 8,018 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee. Lou Burdette (16-9), the fourth and last Milwaukee pitcher, allowed 2 hits in 5.2 scoreless innings, striking out 8 batters, to get the win over Frank Sullivan (3-15), who allowed 6 hits and 1 run--earned--in 5.2 innings in relief of Robin Roberts, suffering his second loss in as many days.

50 years ago
1971

Auto racing
In the closest finish in Formula One history, Peter Gethin achieved his only podium finish, winning the Italian Grand Prix at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, finishing 0.01 seconds ahead of Ronnie Peterson. François Cevert finished third, Mike Hailwood fourth, and Howden Ganley fifth as the top five cars were separated by just 0.61 seconds. With an average speed of 150.754 miles per hour (242.615 kilometres per hour), this race stood as the fastest-ever Formula One race until the 2003 Italian Grand Prix at Monza.



Baseball
Denis Menke singled with 1 out in the top of the 2nd inning, advanced to second base on a single by Johnny Edwards, and scored on an error by pitcher Gaylord Perry on a ground ball by Ray Busse for the game's only run as the Houston Astros edged the San Francisco Giants 1-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 25,527 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Jack Billingham (7-14) pitched a 5-hitter, striking out 11 batters, to win the pitchers' duel over Mr. Perry (14-11), who allowed 6 hits in 8 innings. J.R. Richard (1-0) struck out 15 batters and walked 3, batting 0 for 3 with a sacrifice, making 1 putout in his first major league game, as the Astros came back from a 2-0 deficit to win the second game 5-3 to complete the sweep. Jim Willoughby (0-1) also made his major league debut as San Francisco's starting pitcher, allowing 6 hits and 3 runs--all earned--in 3+ innings, striking out 3 batters and walking 1 and making a wild pitch, striking out in his only plate appearance, making 2 assists. Dave Rader made his first major league appearance, grounding out for the Giants as a pinch hitter in the 6th inning of the second game. Jim Howarth played the 9th inning in center field for San Francisco in the second game, with no fielding chances in his first major league game.

The Chicago Cubs scored 5 runs in the top of the 8th inning, but all that accomplished was to spoil a bid for a shutout as they lost 12-5 to the St. Louis Cardinals before 39,309 fans at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis. St. Louis leadoff hitter Lou Brock batted 4 for 5 with 3 doubles, 2 runs, 2 runs batted in, and 2 stolen bases. Jerry Reuss (14-12) allowed 7 hits and 3 runs--all earned--in 7.1 innings to win over Ferguson Jenkins (21-12), who allowed 12 hits and 7 runs--6 earned--in 4.1 innings.

The New York Yankees scored all their runs in the first 5 innings to take a 6-1 lead, and withstood a 4-run 7th-inning rally to defeat the Detroit Tigers 6-5 before 12,366 fans at Yankee Stadium. The Tigers had the bases loaded with 2 out in the 7th, but pinch hitter Kevin Collins flied out to center field to end the inning as Jack Aker pitched 2.1 scoreless innings to get his 4th save of the season.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Out Here on My Own--Nikka Costa (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): One Day in Your Life--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: Green Door--Shakin' Stevens (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Japanese Boy--Aneka

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Tainted Love--Soft Cell

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 De Nederlandse Sterre Die Strale Overal!--Rubberen Robbie (3rd week at #1)
2 Wordy Rappinghood--Tom Tom Club
3 Hands Up (Give Me Your Heart)--Ottawan
4 For Your Eyes Only--Sheena Easton
5 Hold on Tight--Electric Light Orchestra
6 The Old Calahan "Live"--BZN
7 One Day in Your Life--Michael Jackson
8 Ghost Town--The Specials
9 No Me Hables--Juan Pardo
10 Happy Birthday--Stevie Wonder

Singles entering the chart were Start Me Up by the Rolling Stones (#24); Endless Love by Diana Ross & Lionel Richie (#31); Volume III by Stars on 45 (#36); and Heart and Soul by Exile (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie (4th week at #1)
2 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
3 Stop Draggin' My Heart Around--Stevie Nicks (with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
4 Urgent--Foreigner
5 (There's) No Gettin' Over Me--Ronnie Milsap
6 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
7 Who's Crying Now--Journey
8 Lady (You Bring Me Up)--Commodores
9 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
10 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury

Singles entering the chart were Share Your Love with Me by Kenny Rogers (#47); Just Be My Lady by Larry Graham (#79); Magic Man by Herb Alpert (#84); and Working in the Coal Mine by Devo (#87).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie (4th week at #1)
2 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
3 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
4 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
5 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
6 Urgent--Foreigner
7 Stop Draggin' My Heart Around--Stevie Nicks (with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
8 Lady (You Bring Me Up)--Commodores
9 Who's Crying Now--Journey
10 (There's) No Gettin' Over Me--Ronnie Milsap

Singles entering the chart were Share Your Love with Me by Kenny Rogers (#59); Working in the Coal Mine by Devo (#84); Easy to Love Again by Carole Bayer Sager (#87); At This Moment by Billy and the Beaters (#89); and Stay Awake by Ronnie Laws (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie (3rd week at #1)
2 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
3 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
4 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
5 Urgent--Foreigner
6 The Stroke--Billy Squier
7 Lady (You Bring Me Up)--Commodores
8 (There's) No Gettin' Over Me--Ronnie Milsap
9 Who's Crying Now--Journey
10 Stop Draggin' My Heart Around--Stevie Nicks (with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)

Singles entering the chart were Share Your Love with Me by Kenny Rogers (#58); The Theme from Hill Street Blues by Mike Post featuring Larry Carlton (#77); Alien by Atlanta Rhythm Section (#81); and Working in the Coal Mine by Devo (#89).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Sausalito Summernight--Diesel
2 Gemini Dream--Moody Blues
3 In the Air Tonight--Phil Collins
4 Urgent--Foreigner
5 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie
6 Fire and Ice--Pat Benatar
7 The Stroke--Billy Squier
8 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer
9 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
10 Don't Let Him Go--REO Speedwagon

Singles entering the chart were The Beach Boys Medley by the Beach Boys (#40); In the Dark by Billy Squier (#43); Lady by the Commodores (#46); What Have You Got to Do by Red Rider (#48); and Step by Step by Eddie Rabbitt (#49).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
2 Fire and Ice--Pat Benatar
3 Urgent--Foreigner
4 In the Air Tonight--Phil Collins
5 Lady (You Bring Me Up)--Commodores
6 Who's Crying Now--Journey
7 Hold on Tight--Electric Light Orchestra
8 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
9 Stop Draggin' My Heart Around--Stevie Nicks (with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
10 The Break Up Song (They Don't Write 'em)--Greg Kihn Band

Singles entering the chart were Sausalito Summernight by Diesel (#26); In Your Letter by REO Speedwagon (#28); and Cool Love by Pablo Cruise (#30).

Football
CIAU
British Columbia (0-1) 9 @ Saskatchewan (1-0) 13

Glenn Steele rushed for 151 yards, including a 25-yard run for the Thunderbirds' only touchdown in thei loss to the Huskies at Griffiths Stadium in Saskatoon.

Pre-season
Ottawa 7 @ Alberta 15

Rick Paulitsch rushed 2 yards for a touchdown and Reg Gilmour added a convert, 2 field goals, and a single for the defending national champion Golden Bears as they defeated the Gee-Gees at Clarke Stadium in Edmonton in a rematch of the 1980 Canadian College Bowl contestants. Rick Zmich passed 8 yards to Don Burns for the Ottawa touchdown in the 2nd quarter.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (10th week at #1)

Law
The current international treaty defending indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, came into force.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Wannabe--Spice Girls

Disasters
Hurricane Fran made landfall near Cape Fear, North Carolina as a Category 3 storm with 115 miles-per-hour sustained winds. Fran caused over $3 billion in damage and killed 27 people.

10 years ago
2011

Football
CFL
Montreal (5-4) 21 @ Hamilton (5-4) 44



Edmonton (6-3) 35 @ Calgary (6-3) 7

August 5, 2021

340 years ago
1681

Baptized on this date
Vitus Bering. Danish explorer. Commander Bering was a cartographer served in the Russian Navy and led the First Kamchatka Expedition (1725-1731), which explored the Asian Pacific Coast, and the Great Northern Expedition (1733-1743), which explored the Arctic coast of Siberia and parts of the North American coastline. He died of scurvy on December 30, 1741 at the age of 60 on an uninhabited island, later named in his honour, near the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Bering Strait and Bering Sea are among the things named in Commander Bering's honour.

240 years ago
1781

War
The naval Battle of Dogger Bank took place between Dutch forces commanded by Vice Admiral Johan Zoutman and a British squadron led by Vice Admiral Sir Hyde Parker. It was tactically indecisive but a strategic British victory.

225 years ago
1796

War
Napoleon Bonaparte led the French Army of Italy to victory over Austrian forces commanded by Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser in the Battle of Castiglione.

210 years ago
1811

Born on this date
Ambroise Thomas. French composer. Mr. Thomas wrote orchestral, chamber, and ballet music, keyboard and vocal works, but was best known for his more than 20 operas, particularly Mignon (1866) and Hamlet (1868). He was appointed as a professor at the Conservatoire de Paris in 1856, and was its director from 1871 until his death on February 12, 1896 at the age of 84.

175 years ago
1846

Born on this date
Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow. Austrian physiologist. Dr. Fleischl-Marxow was a professor at the University of Vienna who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain, and was also an inventor of new devices which were widely adopted in clinical medicine and physiological research. As a research assistant in his early years, he accidentally cut his thumb while dissecting a cadaver, resulting in amputation, and addiction to morphine and heroin as a reaction to continuing pain. Dr. Fleischl-Marxow was a close friend of Sigmund Freud, who recommended cocaine as a treatment for his morphine addiction. Dr. Fleischl-Marxow followed Dr. Freud's advice, became addicted to cocaine, and returned to the use of morphine, hastening his death on October 22, 1891 at the age of 45.

Diplomacy
The Oregon Treaty (Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty), signed on June 15, 1846, went into effect; it established the 49th Parallel west from the Rocky Mountains as the border between the United States and British North America.

160 years ago
1861

Economics and finance
In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levied the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861: 3% of all incomes over U.S.$800. It was rescinded in 1872.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Claude Autant-Lara. French film director and politician. Mr. Autant-Lara directed at least 40 movies from 1923-1977, including Buster se Marie (1931); Les sept péchés capitaux (The Seven Deadly Sins) (1952); and Le joueur (The Gambler) (1958). He was elected to the European Parliament in July 1989 as a candidate for the National Front, but resigned his seat less than two months later, after giving an interview in which he expressed anti-Semitic sentiments. Mr. Autant-Lara died on February 5, 2000 at the age of 98.

Died on this date
Victoria, Princess Royal, 60. U.K. Royal Family member and Empress of Germany. Victoria, the eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, was the wife of German Kaiser Frederick III and the mother of Wilhelm II. She died of breast cancer, less than seven months after the death of her mother.

Track and field
Peter O'Connor set the first IAAF recognised long jump world record of 24 feet 11¾ inches (7.6137 metres), a record that stood for 20 years.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Robert Taylor. U.S. actor. Born Spangler Arlington Brugh in Nebraska, Mr. Taylor had early success as a romantic lead in such movies as Magnificent Obsession (1935) and Camille (1937), and achieved later success in historical epics such as Quo Vadis (1951) and Ivanhoe (1952). This blogger’s favourite Robert Taylor movies include Johnny Eager (1942); Conspirator (1949); Tip on a Dead Jockey (1957); Saddle the Wind (1958); and The Night Walker (1964). His fine speaking voice was well suited to radio; his best-known performance on this medium was probably in the Suspense episode The House in Cypress Canyon (1946). Mr. Taylor was an anti-Communist back in the good old days when there were a few of those in Hollywood. He died of lung cancer on June 8, 1969 at the age of 57.

100 years ago
1921

On the radio
The Pittsburgh Pirates defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 8-5 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh as KDKA in Pittsburgh became the first station to broadcast a baseball game. Harold Arlin was the announcer.

Born on this date
Ebba St. Claire. U.S. baseball player. Mr. St. Claire was a catcher with the Boston/Milwaukee Braves (1951-1953) and New York Giants (1954), batting .249 with 7 home runs and 40 runs batted in in 164 games. He played 10 seasons in the minor leagues (1942, 1945-1958), and died on August 22, 1982, 17 days after his 61st birthday. Mr. St. Claire's son Randy was a major league pitcher (1984-1994).

Terry Becker. U.S. actor, director, and producer. Mr. Becker played Chief Francis Ethelbert Sharkey in the television series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1965-1968) and appeared in numerous other television programs. He began directing television programs in the early 1970s. Mr. Becker and Carroll O'Connor formed O'Connor-Becker Productions in 1973; the partnership ended 10 years later, and Mr. Becker continued as a solo producer. He died on December 30, 2014 at the age of 93.

Died on this date
Dimitrios Rallis, 76-77. Prime Minister of Greece, 1897, 1903, 1905, 1909, 1920-1921. Mr. Rallis was the son of the Chief Justice of the Greek Supreme Court and the father of two Prime Ministers. He served five brief terms as Prime Minister; his last government authorized the plebiscite that saw the return of King Constantine I to the throne. Mr. Rallis died of cancer.

Baseball
Ray Rohwer, Tony Brottem, and Jimmy Zinn hit consecutive run-scoring singles with 1 out in the bottom of the 8th inning for the Pirates as they broke a 5-5 tie and defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 8-5 in the game broadcast from Forbes Field in Pittsburgh on KDKA. Mr. Zinn (5-4) allowed 6 hits and 1 run--unearned--in 6 innings of relief to get the win, batting 2 for 3 with a double. Jimmy Ring (8-12) allowed 10 hits and 8 earned run in a complete game loss.

90 years ago
1931

Baseball
Jim Bottomley had 4 hits for the St. Louis Cardinals as they lost 5-4 in 12 innings to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of a doubleheader before 12,000 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, and then batted 6 for 6 with a double, 2 runs, and 3 runs batted in as the Cardinals won the second game 16-2. The Pirates won the opener when pinch hitter Jim Mosolf drew a bases-loaded walk from Jim Lindsey (3-2) to score George Grantham with none out in the bottom of the 12th. Mr. Lindsey had been brought into the game after starter Flint Rhem was ejected by home plate umpire Ernie Quigley for arguing his call on the first pitch of the inning. Larry French (11-8) pitched a 12-hit complete game victory. Bill Hallahan (12-8) pitched a 7-hit complete game victory for St. Louis in the second game, but struck out for the first and second outs of an 8-run 5th inning for the Cardinals, who outhit the Pirates 35-18 in the doubleheader.

Vince Barton singled home Footsie Blair with 1 out and the bases loaded in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Chicago Cubs a 3-2 win over the Cincinnati Reds before 7,500 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Lon Warneke (1-3) pitched an 8-hit complete game and batted 2 for 4 with a double and a run batted in in his first major league win.

80 years ago
1941

War
The Battle of Smolensk concluded with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners. A Japanese Army spokesman said that several Japanese and Soviet border troops had exchanged shots near Manchuli about two weeks earlier after the Soviets had crossed into Manchukuo.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. established relations with the exiled governments of Norway and Greece in London.

Dispatches from Ankara stated that the United Kingdom had warned the government of Afghanistan against permitting German tourists into the country and urged that those already there be expelled.

Defense
Both houses of the United States Congress accepted and sent to President Franklin D. Roosevelt a conference-approved bill deferring the drafting of men aged 28 or over and permitting 28-year-old draftees to resign. The U.S. Senate defeated Senator Robert Taft's (Republican--Ohio) amendment extending Army service for draftees to a total of 18 months, instead of 30 months, as desired by the Roosevelt administration.

Politics and government
South Carolina Governor Burnet Maybank appointed Roger Peace (Democrat) to serve in the United States Senate until November 4, 1941, succeeding Alva Lumpkin (Democrat), who had died on August 1. Mr. Peace was not a candidate in the subsequent election to fill the seat.

Radio
The U.S. Federal Communications Commission issued a proposed order prohibiting anyone from owning more than one radio station in the same area.

Economics and finance
U.S. Price Control Administrator Leon Henderson told a House of Representatives committee that higher prices were inevitable and that the nation stood "at the brink of inflation." He urged immediate passage of the price and rent control bill.

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 They Say it's Wonderful--Perry Como
--Frank Sinatra
2 The Gypsy--The Ink Spots
--Dinah Shore
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
3 Doin' What Comes Natur'lly--Dinah Shore and Spade Cooley and his Orchestra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--Jimmy Dorsey and his Orchestra
4 Surrender--Perry Como
--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
5 Prisoner of Love--Perry Como
--The Ink Spots
6 To Each His Own--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--The Modernaires with Paula Kelly
7 I Don't Know Enough About You--The Mills Brothers
--Peggy Lee
8 In Love in Vain--Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest
--Margaret Whiting
9 Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)--Dinah Shore
--Andy Russell
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
10 I Know--Tex Beneke and the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--Andy Kirk and his Orchestra and the Jubalaires

Singles entering the chart were Five Minutes More, with versions by Frank Sinatra; and the Three Suns (#19); Blue Skies by Benny Goodman and his Orchestra (#20); and South America, Take it Away by Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters (#26).

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Gale Gordon and Howard McNear, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Double Diamond

Died on this date
Wilhelm Marx, 83. Chancellor of Germany, 1923-1925, 1926-1928. Mr. Marx, chairman of the Centre Party from 1922-1928, was the longest-serving Chancellor of the Weimar Republic. He was a candidate for President in 1925, but was defeated by Paul von Hindenburg.

War
Chinese Nationalist and Communist sources reported clashes across China, from the province of Kiangsi in the south to Manchuria.

World events
British authorities in Palestine placed a security blackout on Haifa, where 2,250 illegal Jewish immigrants were being held aboard ships.

Politics and government
The Jewish Agency executive committee in Paris condemned the Anglo-American federalization plan for Palestine.

The Turkish National Assembly elected Ismet Inonu to his fourth term as President, over Marshal Fevzki Cakmak.

Medicine
The University of Pennsylvania received a small amount of carbon 14 from the U.S. government nuclear facility at Oak Ridge, Tennessee; it was the first radioactive substance to be used in medical research.

Oil
Guatemala granted Standard Oil Company a 50-year concession in the port of San Jose.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Office of Price Administration approved price increases of 8% for cotton textiles and 17% for sheets and towels.

Business
The American Railroads Association denied charges by U.S. Senator Glenn Taylor (Democrat--Idaho) that U.S. railroads had overcharged the government millions of dollars for war shipments.

Labour
A five-day railway strike in Sao Paulo, Brazil ended with a 20% wage increase for workers.

Packard Motor Company in Detroit closed as 7,500 Congress of Industrial Organizations United Auto Workers walked off the job in a dispute over the layoff of foundry workers.

The Major League Baseball Policy Committee met with player representatives to discuss contract reforms.

70 years ago
1951

On the radio
Mr. Moto, starring James Monks, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Voronzoff Necklace

Died on this date
Red Hill, 38. U.S. daredevil. William Hill, Jr., whose father was famed for escuing people from the Niagara River and its rapids, began performing stunts on the river in 1945. He formed a "barrel" of 14 inner tubes lashed together with netting, and plunged from Ushers Creek on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls before 200,000 spectators, but the "barrel" shattered into bits upon impact with the water, and Mr. Hill was killed. His death resulted in a ban on such stunts.





War
The U.S.A. suspended Korean truce talks for five days after a group of armed North Korean soldiers marched to within 100 yards of the conference site in Kaesong.

World events
Cuban People's Party leader Senator Eduardo Chibas shot and critically wounded himself after making a radio broadcast in an attempt to focus national attention on alleged corruption in the administration of President Carlos Prio Socarras.

Politics and government
The Communist-sponsored World Youth Festival opened in East Berlin, with about 500,000 young people from Eastern Europe participating.

Labour
The U.S. Senate Internal Security Committee investigators released a report charging that members of the American Communications Association ousted from the Congress of Industrial Organizations for alleged Communist Party connections had access to government telegraph and cable messages.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door--Eddie Hodges

#1 single in Italy: Legata a un granello di sabbia--Nico Fidenco (6th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Wheels (Vier Schimmel, ein Wagen)--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (11th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Hello Mary Lou--Ricky Nelson

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Well I Ask You--Eden Kane

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Tossin' and Turnin'--Bobby Lewis (3rd week at #1)
2 I Like it Like That (Part 1)--Chris Kenner
3 Let's Twist Again--Chubby Checker
4 Dum Dum--Brenda Lee
5 Quarter to Three--U.S. Bonds
6 Last Night--Mar-Keys
7 Hats Off to Larry--Del Shannon
8 Together--Connie Francis
9 Pretty Little Angel Eyes--Curtis Lee
10 The Boll Weevil Song--Brook Benton

Singles entering the chart were Transistor Sister by Freddy Cannon (#77); Amor by Ben E. King (#78); Who Put the Bomp (In the Bomp, Bomp, Bomp) by Barry Mann (#87); Bless You by Tony Orlando (#88); I Wake Up Crying by Chuck Jackson (#89); The Guns of Navarone by Joe Reisman and his Orchestra (#96); Now and Forever by Bert Kaempfert and his Orchestra (#97); Every Breath I Take by Gene Pitney (#98); Does Your Chewing Gum Lose its Flavor (On the Bedpost Overnight) by Lonnie Donegan and his Skiffle Group (#100); Johnny Willow by Fred Darian (also #100); and Summer Souvenirs by Karl Hammel, Jr. (also #100). The version of The Guns of Navarone by Mitch Miller and his Orchestra was listed with the version by Joe Reisman and his Orchestra, but not charted.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 The Mountain's High--Dick and Deedee
2 Hats Off to Larry--Del Shannon
3 Shake Shake Sherry--The Flairs
4 Tell Me Why--The Belmonts
5 Michael--The Highwaymen
6 School is Out--U.S. Bonds
7 Take Good Care of My Baby--Bobby Vee
8 Private Eye--Bob Luman
9 Pretty Little Angel Eyes--Curtis Lee
10 Have a Drink on Me--Lonnie Donegan

Singles entering the chart were Take Good Care of My Baby; Crying by Roy Orbison (#20); Mr. Happiness by Johnny Maestro with the Coeds (#34); Boomerang by Donnie Brooks (#38); Theme from "Come September" by Santo and Johnny (#39); You Don't Know What You've Got (Until You Lose It) by Ral Donner (#42); Big Cold Wind by Pat Boone (#43); Let the Four Winds Blow by Fats Domino (#45); (Theme from) Silver City by the Ventures (#47); First Love Never Dies by Jerry Fuller (#48); and Now and Forever by Bert Kaempfert and his Orchestra (#50).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Shake Shake Sherry--The Flairs (2nd week at #1)
2 Michael--The Highwaymen
3 Something for Everyone (LP)--Elvis Presley
4 Have a Drink on Me--Lonnie Donegan
5 Tossin' and Turnin'--Bobby Lewis
6 Johnny Willow--Fred Darian
7 Private Eye--Bob Luman
8 Preacher Boy--Les Vogt
9 Quarter to Three--U.S. Bonds
10 School is Out--U.S. Bonds

Singles entering the chart were Take Good Care of My Baby by Bobby Vee (#25); Bless You by Tony Orlando (#31); Hurt by Timi Yuro (#33); Let the Four Winds Blow by Fats Domino (#35); Runaround by the Regents (#37); Mr. Happiness by Johnny Maestro (#38); and Tell Me Why by the Belmonts (#40).

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Carleton Hobbs and Norman Shelley, on BBC
Tonight's episode: The Hound of the Baskervilles







50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Pour un flirt--Michel Delpech (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Sometimes--Red Hurley (2nd week at #1)

Diplomacy
The first Pacific Islands Forum (then known as the "South Pacific Forum") was held in Wellington, New Zealand, with the aim of enhancing cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
2 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
3 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
4 Gemini Dream--The Moody Blues
5 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer
6 For Your Eyes Only--Sheena Easton
7 In the Mood--Wildroot Orchestra
8 You're Not the Same Girl--Blue Northern
9 Elvira--The Oak Ridge Boys
10 I Don't Need You--Kenny Rogers

Singles entering the chart were (There's) No Gettin' Over Me by Ronnie Milsap (#19); and Hold on Tight by Electric Light Orchestra (#20).

Edmontonia
Heritage Mall opened.

Labour
U.S. President Ronald Reagan fired 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Say Yes--Chage and Aska

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Wind of Change--Scorpions (10th week at #1)

Died on this date
Soichiro Honda, 84. Japanese industrialist. Mr. Honda founded Honda Motor Company, Limited in 1948; it remains the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles.

Paul Brown, 82. U.S. football coach. Mr. Brown was the first coach of the Cleveland Browns of the All-American Football Conference in 1946, and the team was named in his honour. He led the Browns to the championship in all four seasons of the AAFC (1946-1949), before the AAFC merged with the National Football League. Mr. Brown then led the Browns to the NFL championship game in their first six seasons, winningin 1950, 1954, and 1955. He pioneered such innovations as hiring full-time assistant coaches, using game film to scout opponents, and the modern face mask. Mr. Brown's methods seemed to lose their effectiveness in the early 1960s, and he was fired after the 1962 season. He was co-owner and first head coach and general manager of the Cincinnati Bengals, who joined the American Football League in 1968 and joined the NFL in the merger of 1970. Mr. Brown led the Bengals to several playoff spots, and retired after the 1975 season, when the Bengals were 11-3, finishing in second place in the American Football Conference Central Division, making the playoffs as a wild card team, but losing to the Oakland Raiders in a divisional playoff game. Mr. Brown compiled a professional record of 213-104-9 in regular season play and 9-8 in post-season games. He was inducted into the Professional Football Hall of Fame in 1967.

Track and field
Sergei Bubka of the U.S.S.R. became the first pole vaulter to clear 20 feet with a vault of 20' ¼" at the Dag Galan Grand Prix meet in Malmo, Sweden.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Freedom--Robbie Williams (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Gud! Hvor du er deilig--Bjelleklang (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (6th week at #1)

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Change the World--Eric Clapton
2 You Learn--Alanis Morissette
3 Give Me One Reason--Tracy Chapman
4 The Only Thing that Looks Good on Me is You--Bryan Adams
5 Jealousy--Natalie Merchant
6 Ahead by a Century--The Tragically Hip
7 Looking for It--Jann Arden
8 Flood--Jars of Clay
9 Tucker's Town--Hootie & the Blowfish
10 Killing Me Softly--The Fugees

Singles entering the chart were Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand by Primitive Radio Gods (#88); I Love You Always Forever by Donna Lewis (#91); Between Heaven and Hell by Zakk Wylde (#95); I Never Liked You by the Doughboys (#97); Stupid Girl by Garbage (#98); and Forgiven, Not Forgotten by the Corrs (#99).

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (2-4) 11 @ Calgary (5-1) 38

Mark McLoughlin tied the league record for field goals in a game with 8 as the Stampeders beat the Roughriders before 26,110 fans at McMahon Stadium.

Baseball
The Montreal Expos and California Angels combined to hit a record 10 home runs as they played to a 6-6 tie in 9 innings in the annual Hall of Fame Game at Doubleday Field in Cooperstown, New York. California bullpen coach Mick Billmeyer hit one of the homers, a 2-run blast as a pinch hitter in the bottom of the 8th inning.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Otema Allimadi, 72. Prime Minister of Uganda, 1980-1985. Mr. Allimadi was Minister of Foreign Affairs (1979-1980) and Prime Minister under President Milton Obote, holding the office until Mr. Obote was deposed by Lieutenant General Bazilio Olara Okello. Mr. Allimadi fled the country after the coup, but eventually returned to Uganda.

Religion
Afghanistan's ruling Taliban jailed eight foreign aid workers, including two Americans, for allegedly preaching Christianity.

Baseball
Dave Winfield, Kirby Puckett, Bill Mazeroski, and Hilton Smith were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.

The Cleveland Indians, trailing 12-0 and 14-2, became the third team in major league history to overcome a 12-run deficit to win a game as they edged the Seattle Mariners 15-14 in 11 innings before 42,494 fans at Jacobs Field in Cleveland. The Indians scored 3 runs in the 7th inning, 4 in the 8th, and 5 in the 9th before Jolbert Cabrera singled in Kenny Lofton with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th to win the game. Mike Bacsik, the second of five Cleveland pitchers, allowed 9 hits and 7 runs--6 earned--in 6 innings, walking 1 batter and striking out 2, hitting a batter, and making 1 assist, in his major league debut.



With 2 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 10th inning, Gary Sheffield doubled, Shawn Green was intentionally walked, and Eric Karros singled home Mr. Sheffield to give the Los Angeles Dodgers a 3-2 win over the Chicago Cubs before 51,327 fans at Dodger Stadium.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Andrzej Lepper, 57. Polish politician. Mr. Lepper was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) (1978-1980), and in 1992 formed the populist Samoobrona (Self defence) (SO) party. He was elected to the Sejm (lower house) in 2001, representing Koszalin. SO achieved a majority in 2006, and Mr. Lepper served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Agriculture (2006-2007). He was dismissed by Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński amid charges of corruption, and in 2010 was sentenced to prison for demanding and accepting sexual favours from female SO members. Mr. Lepper was found dead in his office after apparently hanging himself; an investigation determined that he was suffering from depression because of crushing debts, his political defeat, and the sex scandals.

Economics and finance
Standard & Poor's lowered the United States' AAA credit rating by one notch to AA-plus.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (5-1) 16 @ Winnipeg (5-1) 28



Saskatchewan (1-5) 11 @ British Columbia (1-5) 24

July 20, 2011

1,100 years ago
911

War
Rollo laid siege to Chartres.

980 years ago
1031

Died on this date
Robert II, 58-59. King of the Franks, 987-1031. Robert II "le Pieux" (the Pious), the son of Hugh Capet, was crowned Junior King in 987 and became sole monarch upon the death of his father in 996. He attempted to expand the royal domain, and had two annulled marriages and failed in an attempt to annul his third marriage. King Robert's policies were opposed by three of his sons. Robert II died from a fever, and was succeeded by his son Henri I.

420 years ago
1591

Baptized on this date
Anne Hutchinson. English-boen American religious figure. Mrs. Hutchinson and her husband William were Puritans who emigrated to Massachusetts Bay in 1634, and became members of the First Church in Boston, pastored by John Cotton, who had been their minister in England. She began hosting Bible studies for women at her home; her claim to receive direct revelation from God and her "free grace" views eventually put her in conflict with the local authorities, whom she regarded as preaching a covenant of works. Mrs. Hutchinson was convicted of "enthusiasm," and was imprisoned before being banished from the colony. She and her family went to Rhode Island, where they established the settlement of Portsmouth, and then moved to New York after her husband died. Mrs. Hutchinson, six of her children, and other household members were killed by Siwanoy Indians in August 1643, when she was 52.

410 years ago
1601

Born on this date
Robert Wallop. English politician. Mr. Wallop represented various ridings in the House of Commons from 1621-1629 and 1640-1660, and was one of the regicides of King Charles I in 1649. After the restoration of the monarch in 1660, Mr. Wallop was degraded and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1662, and died on November 19, 1667 at the age of 66.

180 years ago
1831

Diplomacy
The Seneca, Shawnee, and Wyandot peoples signed a treaty with the U.S. government, agreeing to relinquish their land in western Ohio to the United States in exchange for 60,000 acres west of the Mississippi River.

150 years ago
1861

Politics and government
The Congress of the Confederate States of America began holding sessions in Richmond, Virginia.

140 years ago
1871

Canadiana
The British Columbia Act went into effect, making B.C. the sixth province to enter Confederation. Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence George-Étienne Cartier promised a rail link to start within two years, with completion within ten years. The Canadian government took over telegraph lines in the province, including the Collins Overland Stage Line. Lieutenant Governor Sir Joseph William Trutch appointed an interim cabinet and issued election writs to choose 25 members of the first provincial legislature from 12 ridings.

130 years ago
1881

Canadiana
The first National Acadian Convention was held in Memramcook, New Brunswick. Over 5,000 delegates met to discuss the future survival of Acadian culture within Confederation, and "La Société Nationale l'Assomption" (La Société National de l'Acadie) was established.

Politics and government
Clement Cornwall was installed as Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Heinie Manush. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Manush played left field with the Detroit Tigers (1923-1927); St. Louis Browns (1928-1930); Washington Nationals (1931-1935); Boston Red Sox (1936); Brooklyn Dodgers (1937-1938); and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938-1939), batting .330 with 110 home runs and 1,183 runs batted in in 2,008 games. He played 11 seasons in the minor leagues (1920-1922, 1938-1945), including the 1921 season with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Class B Western Canada League. Mr. Manush led the American League in batting in 1926 (.378) and came within one plate appearance of winning the 1928 AL batting title. He led the league in hits twice, in doubles twice, and in triples once. Mr. Manush managed in the minor leagues in the 1940s, and coached and scouted in the 1950s and '60s with the Nationals and the expansion Washington Senators. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964, and died after a long battle with cancer on May 12, 1971 at the age of 69.

Died on this date
William Cosmo Monkhouse, 61. U.K. poet and critic. Mr. Monkhouse was a civil servant who published several collections of poetry and a novel, but devoted himself almost exclusively to art criticism from 1879 until his death.

70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Lew Fields, 74. U.S. comedian. Mr. Fields, born Moses Schoenfeld, teamed with Joe Weber to form the comedy team Weber and Fields, who were popular from the 1880s to the 1900s.

Movies
Will Hays, President of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, said that "the great function of the entertainment screen is to entertain" and not to spread propaganda.

Politics and government
The cabinet of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was shuffled, with Information Minister Alfred Duff Cooper becoming Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; he was replaced as Information Minister by Brendan Bracken.

U.S.S.R. Vice-Premier Lavrenti Beria was put in charge of the Soviet secret police force NKVD.

World events
Former Bolivian Finance Minister Victor Paz Estenssoro was arrested in Tarija on a charge of being connected with a proposed "Nazi putsch." Several newspapers were suspended, while the government claimed to have proof that the German embassy had sought to interfere in Bolivia's internal affairs.

Defense
Colombian President Eduardo Santos declared that Colombia would make certain that the Panama Canal would never be attacked "from our territory."

Labour
Congress of Industrial Organizations United Federal Workers Secretary-Treasurer Eleanor Nelson charged that U.S. government employees were undergoing a "virtual reign of terror in which Gestapo methods are being used" to ferret out suspected subversives.

CIO United Auto Workers official Loren Houser wrote a letter to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt urging him to order the government seizure of the strike-bound Bendix, New Jersey plant of Air Associates, Inc.

60 years ago
1951

Died on this date
Abdullah I, 69. Emir of Transjordan, 1921-1946; King of Jordan, 1946-1951. An architect of the great Arab revolt with Lawrence of Arabia against Ottoman rule during World War I, Abdullah I became Emir of Transjordan after the war and King of Jordan when the country achieved independence from the U.K. in 1946. He was assassinated by 21-year-old Palestinian terrorist Mustafa Ashu while visiting the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem with his grandson Prince Hussein for Friday prayers. King Abdullah was succeeded on the throne by his son Talal.

Wilhelm, 69. German royal family member. Crown Prince Wilhelm was the eldest child of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and held the title of Crown Prince from 1888, commanding forces in World War I until the monarchy ended on November 9, 1918, and he and his father went into exile in the Netherlands. Five years to the day after Kaiser Wilhelm II's abdication, Crown Prince Wilhelm returned to Germany on condition that he not engage in politics. He broke that promise and expressed interest in running for President in 1932, but was forbidden to do so by his father. Crown Prince Wilhelm supported Adolf Hitler's rise to power, but withdrew from all political activity in 1934, and his relationship with Mr. Hitler cooled after it became apparent that the monarchy would not be restored. He became head of the House of Hohanzollern upon he death of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1941, and was interned after World War II. Crown Prince Wilhelm died of a heart attack in Hechingen, Württemberg-Hohenzollern.

Divorced on this date
Woolworth heiress Barbara Hutton divorced Prince Igor Troubetzkoy, her fourth husband, in Cuernavaca, Mexico.

War
The U.S.A. formally invited 50 nations, including the U.S.S.R., to a September conference in San Francisco to produce a Japanese peace treaty.

A New York Times report charged that 37,000 Koreans cleared out of battle areas near the 38th Parallel were living "worse than any animal kept by an American farmer" in a crowded camp near Seoul, where 7-8 refugees died each day.

World events
A Colombian military court in Colombia sentenced eight officers to prison terms of 2-6 years for inciting revolt over a secret radio station.

Diplomacy
East Germany banned its vehicles from travelling through West Berlin.

Politics and government
In the aftermath of the assassination of King Abdullah I, Jordanian Prime Minister Samir Pasha Rifai proclaimed martial law in all Jordanian territories as King Abdullah's second son Emir Naif became regent.

Scandal
A jury in Jackson, Mississippi indicted 12 leaders of the Mississippi State Democratic Committee for conspiring to sell federal jobs.

Disasters
Winds of up to 100 miles per hour struck Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, causing 13 deaths and extensive property damage.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Moody River--Pat Boone

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Temptation--The Everly Brothers

War
French forces broke the Tunisian siege of Bizerte.

Defense
U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur (retired) visited President John F. Kennedy at the White House.



Football
CFL
Pre-season
Winnipeg (0-1) 15 @ Ottawa (1-0) 28
British Columbia (0-1) 17 @ Toronto (1-0) 28

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): Butterfly--Danyel Gérard (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep--Middle of the Road (7th week at #1)

Died on this date
Amanda Clement, 83. U.S. baseball umpire. Miss Clement played various sports, and sometime during the period 1903-1905, became the first woman to be paid to umpire a game, when she substituted for an absent umpire in a semi-professional game in Hawarden, Iowa. She umpired regularly for six years and occasionally for many years thereafter, and may have been the first woman to referee a high school basketball game. Miss Clement worked at several occupations, and was a social worker in Sioux Falls, South Dakota for 25 years until her retirement in 1966.

War
The U.S. Selective Service System, despite a congressional stalemate in extending the draft law, set a new draft lottery to determine which 19-year-olds would be called for induction in 1972.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Medley--Stars on 45

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Nagai Yoru--Chiharu Matsuyama (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Stars on 45--Stars on 45 (6th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (2nd week at #1)

Economics and finance
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau hosted the Group of Seven Economic Summit of leaders of major Western trading nations--U.S.A., Japan, West Germany, France, U.K., Italy and Canada--at Montebello, Québec. Canada annnounced that it would provide $12.3 million for rural development in Nepal over three years.

Disasters
Somali Airlines Flight 40, a Fokker F27-600 Friendship en route from Mogadishu to Hargeisa, Somalia, crashed in the Balad District of Somalia, killing 40 people.

Baseball
The Albuquerque Dukes, Pacific Coast League affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers and probably the best minor league team of the 1980s, improved their record to 67-26 (21-4 in the second half of the season) with a 6-4 win over the Edmonton Trappers before a turnaway crowd of 4,100 at Renfrew Park in Edmonton. Mike Marshall hit his 23rd home run of the season for the Dukes, while Gary Holle hit his 16th of the season for the Trappers. The large size of the crowd was due in no small part to the Trappers' jacket night promotion, where 3,000 team jackets were to be given to fans. Unfortunately, they were just cheap plastic windbreakers, with the same quantity in each size (adult large, medium, small; child large, medium, small). The adult large ones were snapped up first, and adults who were forced to settle for smaller sizes quickly found out that the jackets ripped when they tried them on. The promotion ended up as a fiasco.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Read My Lips--Melissa (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)--Crystal Waters (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)--Crystal Waters (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in his Kiss)--Cher

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)--Crystal Waters (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): La Zoubida--Lagaf'

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Driver's Seat--Sniff 'n' the Tears
2 More than Words--Extreme
3 I Wanna Sex You Up--Color Me Badd
4 Burbujas de Amor--Juan Luis Guerra y 4;40
5 Mooi Man--Mannenkoor Karrespoor
6 Gypsy Woman (La Da Dee La Da Da)--Crystal Waters
7 La Cumbia--Sailor
8 The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in his Kiss)--Cher
9 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
10 Kozmik--Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers

Singles entering the chart were Now that We Found Love by Heavy D and the Boyz (#23); Send Me an Angel by the Scorpions (#26); Chocolate Cake by Crowded House (#28); You and Your Sister by This Mortal Coil (#32); Unforgettable by Natalie Cole with Nat 'King' Cole (#36); and Gonna Catch You by Lonnie Gordon (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Unbelievable--EMF
2 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
3 Right Here, Right Now--Jesus Jones
4 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
5 P.A.S.S.I.O.N.--Rythm Syndicate
6 I Wanna Sex You Up--Color Me Badd
7 Piece of My Heart--Tara Kemp
8 Place in this World--Michael W. Smith
9 Summertime--D.J. Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince
10 Here I Am (Come and Take Me)--UB40

Singles entering the chart were The Promise of a New Day by Paula Abdul (#40); Things that Make You Go Hmmmm... by C + C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams (#49); It Hit Me Like a Hammer by Huey Lewis and the News (#80); Good Vibrations by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch (featuring Loleatta Holloway) (#82); Something to Talk About by Bonnie Raitt (#83); Everybody Plays the Fool by Aaron Neville (#87); Latin Active by Lighter Shade of Brown featuring Teardrop & Shiro (#92); There She Goes by the La's (#94); Gotta Have You by Stevie Wonder (#98); and Wanna Dance by Yasmin (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Unbelievable—EMF (2nd week at #1)
2 Right Here, Right Now--Jesus Jones
3 Place in this World--Michael W. Smith
4 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
5 P.A.S.S.I.O.N.--Rythm Syndicate
6 I Wanna Sex You Up—Color Me Badd
7 More than Words—Extreme
8 Here I Am (Come and Take Me)--UB40
9 Lily was Here--David A. Stewart introducing Candy Dulfer
10 Piece of My Heart--Tara Kemp

Singles entering the chart were The Promise of a New Day by Paula Abdul (#43); It Hit Me Like a Hammer by Huey Lewis and the News (#61); Things that Make You Go Hmmmm... by C + C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams (#82); and The Sound of Your Voice by 38 Special (#88).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Rush Rush—Paula Abdul (3rd week at #1)
2 More than Words—Extreme
3 A Better Love--Londonbeat
4 Unbelievable--EMF
5 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
6 Walking in Memphis—Marc Cohn
7 Fading Like a Flower--Roxette
8 It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over--Lenny Kravitz
9 Chocolate Cake--Crowded House
10 The Rhythm of Your Love--Glass Tiger

Singles entering the chart were The Motown Song by Rod Stewart (with the Temptations) (#59); 3 A.M. Eternal by KLF (#67); P.A.S.S.I.O.N. by Rythm Syndicate (#90); Honest Man by Electric Light Orchestra (#92); Hey Stoopid by Alice Cooper (#96); Call Me by Acosta-Russell (#97); Monkey Business by Skid Row (#98); and Rollin' On by the Doobie Brothers (#99).

Died on this date
Earl Robinson, 81. U.S. musician. Mr. Robinson trained as a violinist, violist, and pianist before composing films scores and songs. He wrote the music for songs such as The House I Live In; Ballad for Americans; Black and White; and Joe Hill. Mr. Robinson was a member of the Communist Party, which led to him being blacklisted in Hollywood in the late 1940s; during his blacklist period, he wrote and sang songs for the soundtrack of the short documentary film Muscle Beach (1948). Mr. Robinson was killed in a car accident, 18 days after his 81st birthday.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Milt Gabler, 90. U.S. record producer. Mr. Gabler ran a used record store before founding Commodore Records in 1937, and had success with that label before joining Decca Records in 1941. He produced recordings of artists such as Billie Holiday, Louis Jordan, the Weavers, and Bill Haley and his Comets. Mr. Gabler's experience in selling used records enabled him to be a pioneer in reissuing old recordings. He was the uncle of comedian and actor Billy Crystal, who inducted Mr. Gabler into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.

Carlo Giuliani, 23. Italian activist. Mr. Giuliani was protesting against the G8 summit of Western government leaders in Genoa, and was shot dead by a police officer after throwing a fire extinguisher at the police van.

Football
CFL
Hamilton (2-1) 24 @ Toronto (0-3) 18



Montreal (3-0) 37 @ Winnipeg (2-1) 34



Calgary (0-3) 23 @ Edmonton (2-1-0-1) 33