March 28, 2019

780 years ago
1239

Died on this date
Go-Toba, 58. Emperor of Japan, 1183-1198. Go-Toba, born Takahira-shinnō, was the fourth son of Emperor Takakura, and acceded to the throne at the age of 3 upon the abdication of his brother Antoku. The first shogunate was established in 1192, and Emperor Go-Toba was forced to abdicate, living as a cloistered Emperor until 1221, when he staged a rebellion in an attempt to regain the throne. The rebellion was unsuccessful, and Go-Toba was forced to live the rest of his life in exile.

225 years ago
1794

War
Allies under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld defeated French forces in the Battle of Le Cateau.

210 years ago
1809

War
French forces defeated Spanish forces in the Battle of Medellín.

130 years ago
1889

Died on this date
Hanna Johansdotter, 21, or 22. Swedish murder victim. Miss Johansdotter was murdered by her husband Per Nilsson and his mother Anna Månsdotter in Yngsjö, Sweden.

125 years ago
1894

Born on this date
Ernst Lindemann. German military officer. Kapitän zur See Lindemann joined the Imperial German Navy in 1913 and served in both world wars. He was captain of the battleship Bismarck during World War II, and died at the age of 47, going down with the ship when she was sunk in battle against U.K. Royal Navy forces on May 27, 1941.

120 years ago
1899

Born on this date
Harold B. Lee. U.S. religious leader. Mr. Lee joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1941, eventually serving as President from July 7, 1972 until his death from a pulmonary hemorrhage on December 26, 1973 at the age of 74. He was succeeded as Mormon Church President by Spencer W. Kimball.

Buck Shaw. U.S. football player and coach. Lawrence Timothy Shaw was a tackle and kicker at Creighton University (1918) and the University of Notre Dame (1919-1921), making the All-American team in his final season. He was an assistant coach at North Carolina State University (1924); University of Nevada (1925-1928); and Santa Clara University (1929-1935), taking over as head coach at Santa Clara (1936-1942)--leading the team to Sugar Bowl victories in each of his first two seasons--and the University of California (1945). Mr. Shaw was the first head coach of the San Francisco 49ers of the All-America Football Conference, leading the team through 1954, four years after the team joined the National Football League. His teams were high-scoring and entertaining, but finished second to the Cleveland Browns in all four AAFC seasons. Mr. Shaw was head coach at the United States Air Force Academy from 1956-1957, and took over as head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles from 1958-1960. He retired from football after leading the Eagles to the 1960 NFL championship. The new football stadium at Santa Clara Stadium was named in Mr. Shaw's honour in 1962, and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of fame in 1972. Mr. Shaw died of cancer on March 19, 1977, nine days before his 78th birthday.

August Anheuser Busch, Jr. U.S. brewer and baseball executive. "Gussie" Busch inherited the family business and served as chairman of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. from 1946-1975, an era during which it became the largest brewery in the world. The company purchased the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team in 1953, and the Cardinals won World Series championships in 1964, 1967, and 1982, and a National League pennant in 1968. Mr. Busch died on September 29, 1989 at the age of 90.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Nelson Algren. U.S. author. Mr. Algren, born Nelson Ahlgren Abraham, was a Chicago-based writer who wrote about "down and out" people in novels such as The Man with the Golden Arm (1949) and A Walk on the Wild Side (1956). He died on May 9, 1981 at the age of 72.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Vic Raschi. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Raschi pitched with the New York Yankees (1946-1953), St. Louis Cardinals (1954-1955), and Kansas City Athletics (1955), compiling a record of 132-66. He was one of the mainstays of the Yankees' pitching staff as they won five straight World Series from 1949-1953, winning 21 games in each season from 1949-1951. Mr. Raschi led the American League in winning percentage in 1950 (21-8, .724) games started in 1949 (37) and 1951 (34), and strikeouts in 1951 (164). He was 5-3 in World Series competition, with 2 of his wins occurring in 1952. Mr. Raschi died of a heart attack on October 14, 1988 at the age of 69.

Jacob Avshalomov. Chinese-born U.S. composer. Mr. Avshalomov, the son of composer Aaron Avshalomov, moved to the United States in 1937. He taught at Columbia University from 1946-1954 and then settled in Portland, Oregon, where he conducted the Portland Youth Philharmonic Orchestra from 1954-1994. Mr. Avshalomov wrote several orchestral works, including The Oregon (1959), and choral works. He died in his sleep on April 25, 2013 at the age of 94.

90 years ago
1929

Died on this date
Katharine Lee Bates, 69. U.S. writer. Miss Bates wrote poetry and non-fiction, and taught at Wellesley College for more than 30 years. She's best known for writing the poem that became the lyrics to the song America the Beautiful.

Lomer Gouin, 68. Canadian politician. Sir Lomer, a native of Grondine, Quebec and a Liberal, sat in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1897-1920, and was Premier of Quebec from 1905-1920. He represented Laurier—Outremont in the Canadian House of Commons from 1921-1925, and took office as Lieutenant Governor of Quebec on January 10, 1929, but died nine days after his 68th birthday, less than three months into his term. Sir Lomer was succeeded as Lieutenant Governor of Quebec by Henry George Carroll.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
New York Rangers 0 @ Boston 2 (Boston led best-of-three series 1-0)

80 years ago
1939

War
Nationalist forces commanded by Generalissimo Francisco Franco conquered Madrid after a three-year siege, effectively ending the Spanish Civil War.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Boston 1 @ New York Rangers 2 (Boston led best-of-seven series 3-1)
Detroit 1 @ Toronto 4 (Toronto led best-of-three series 1-0)

75 years ago
1944

Died on this date
Stephen Leacock, 74. U.K.-born Canadian humourist. Mr. Leacock was born in England but moved to Ontario with his family at the age of 6. He was a professor of political economy at McGill University and wrote the standard textbook Elements of Political Science (1936), but was better known for his humourous works, which were collected into books such as Literary Lapses (1910); Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town (1912); and Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich (1914). Groucho Marx and Jack Benny were both influenced by Mr. Leacock's writing. The Stephen Leacock Award was created in 1947 to recognize the best of Canadian humour writing.

War
Soviet forces captured Nikolayev on the Black Sea. In the Indian state of Manipur, heavy fighting broke out on the plain as British forces sought to throw back the Japanese invasion force, 35 miles northeast of Imphal.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt said that his declaration favouring a Jewish state in Palestine and disapproving of the British White Paper referred to future settlements, and was not in conflict with the U.S. War Department's desire that no action be taken now on the U.S. Senate resolution on the Jewish-Palestine question.

Terrorism
The Jewish organization Irgun Zvai Leumi admitted responsibility for the March 23 bombings in Jerusalem, Haifa, and Jaffa that had killed 6 British constables and injured 12 others.

Canadiana
Kimberley, British Columbia was incorporated as a city.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Montreal 4 @ Toronto 1 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 3-1)
Detroit 1 @ Chicago 7 (Chicago led best-of-seven series 3-1)

Basketball
NCAA
Men's Championship
Final @ Madison Square Garden, New York
Utah 42 Dartmouth 40

70 years ago
1949

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring John Stanley and George Spelvin (Wendell Holmes), on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Elusive Agent: Part 2

Died on this date
Grigoraș Dinicu, 59. Romanian musician and composer. Mr. Dinicu was a violin virtuoso of Roma ancestry, whose career spanned more than 40 years. He wrote mainly for violin and piano, with his violin piece Hora Staccato (1906) being his most popular work. Mr. Dinicu died of laryngeal cancer, six days before his 60th birthday.

Diplomacy
Switzerland joined the International Refugee Organization, increasing its membership to 18.

Politics and government
The U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the Boswell Amendment to the Alabama constitution, aimed at preventing Negroes from registering to vote.

Crime
Betty Gannett, Polish-born director of Communist youth activities in the United States, was arrested in New York for the purpose of deportation.

Science
The American Chemical Society awarded the 1949 Priestly Medal to Arthur Lamb of Harvard University.

Economics and finance
The U.S. House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee approved a measure granting Nationalist China $56 million in economic aid for the coming year with funds left over from the last China aid appropriation.

The U.S. Federal Reserve Board cut stock margin market requirements from 75% to 50% due to the decline in inflationary pressures.

Business
Kaiser-Frazer Corporation announced the biggest cuts in auto prices to date, ranging from $196-$300. The Kaiser family assumed complete control over the firm, as Edgar Kaiser succeeded Joseph Frazer as president.

Labour
463,000 coal miners in the eastern United States returned to work at the order of United Mine Workers of America President John L. Lewis, ending a two-week "memorial" walkout.

Golf
Sam Snead defeated Lloyd Mangrum to win the Greensboro Open in Greensboro, North Carolina.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Tom Dooley--The Kingston Trio (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters (5th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Venus--Frankie Avalon (4th week at #1)
2 It's Just a Matter of Time--Brook Benton
3 Charlie Brown--The Coasters
4 Come Softly to Me--The Fleetwoods
5 Alvin's Harmonica--David Seville and the Chipmunks
6 It's Late--Ricky Nelson
7 Tragedy--Thomas Wayne with the DeLons
8 I've Had It--The Bell Notes
9 Never Be Anyone Else But You--Ricky Nelson
10 The Hawaiian Wedding Song (Ke Kali Nei Au)--Andy Williams

Singles entering the chart were I Need Your Love Tonight (#36)/(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I (#62) by Elvis Presley; Turn Me Loose by Fabian (#53); Guess Who by Jesse Belvin (#74); The Wang Dang Taffy-Apple Tango (Mambo Cha Cha Cha) (#76)/For a Penny (#98) by Pat Boone; Being True to One Another by Tony Bennett (#87); Six Nights a Week by the Crests (#88); Lovey Dovey by Clyde McPhatter (#93); I Miss You So by Paul Anka (#94); and I Never Felt Like This by Jack Scott (#99). I Never Felt Like This was the other side of Bella, charting at #84.

Canada's Top 16
1 Venus--Frankie Avalon
2 Alvin's Harmonica--David Seville and the Chipmunks
3 It's Just a Matter of Time--Brook Benton
4 Charlie Brown--The Coasters
5 Come Softly to Me--The Fleetwoods
6 Never Be Anyone Else But You--Ricky Nelson
7 Tragedy--Thomas Wayne with the DeLons
8 The Hawaiian Wedding Song (Ke Kali Nei Au)--Andy Williams
9 Tomboy--Perry Como
10 Pink Shoe Laces--Dodie Stevens
11 If I Didn't Care--Connie Francis
12 I've Had It--The Bell Notes
13 Petite Fleur (Little Flower)--Chris Barber's Jazz Band
14 No Other Arms, No Other Lips--The Chordettes
15 Peter Gunn--Ray Anthony and his Orchestra
16 Please Mr. Sun--Tommy Edwards

Montreal's Top 10
1 Venus--Frankie Avalon
2 Alvin's Harmonica--David Seville and the Chipmunks
3 Charlie Brown--The Coasters
4 The Hawaiian Wedding Song (Ke Kali Nei Au)--Andy Williams
5 Tragedy--Thomas Wayne with the DeLons
6 It's Just a Matter of Time--Brook Benton
7 Pink Shoe Laces--Dodie Stevens
8 Peter Gunn--Ray Anthony and his Orchestra
9 It's Late--Ricky Nelson
10 Stagger Lee--Lloyd Price

Politics and government
Communist Chinese Premier Chou En-lai ordered the dissolution of the rebelling Tibetan local government, headed by the Dalai Lama, and installed a pro-Communist Preparatory Committee under the leadership of the Panchen Lama.

Protest
A Belgian parliamentary inquiry into recent rioting in Leopoldville blamed Congolese unrest on the failure of white residents to show "understanding of the rapid evolution of part of the African population."

Science
The National Science Foundation established the U.S. Antarctic Research Program, with Albert Crary as chief scientist, to supervise and coordinate federal and non-government Antarctic research.

Labour
The Mexican government arrested 500 leaders of a nationwide railroad strike, including Demetrio Vallejo, head of the Railroad Workers Union.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Boston 2 @Toronto 3 (OT) (Boston led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Montreal 2 @ Chicago 4 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Gerry Ehman scored with 2:52 remaining in regulation time to tie the score, and scored at 5:02 of the 1st overtime period to give the Maple Leafs their win over the Bruins at Maple Leaf Gardens. Bob Pulford opened the scoring for Toronto in the 1st period, but the Bruins took the lead on 2 goals by Vic Stasiuk.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): I Started a Joke--The Bee Gees (2nd week at #1)

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Games People Play--Joe South (2nd week at #1)
2 Indian Giver--1910 Fruitgum Co.
3 Dizzy--Tommy Roe
4 Galveston--Glen Campbell
5 Mr. Sun, Mr. Moon--Paul Revere and the Raiders
6 You Gave Me a Mountain--Frankie Laine
7 You've Made Me So Very Happy--Blood, Sweat & Tears
8 Traces--Classics IV
9 Nothing But a Heartache--The Flirtations
10 Hot Smoke & Sasafrass--The Bubble Puppy

Singles entering the chart were What Can the Matter Be by the Poppy Family (#25); Wishful Sinful by the Doors (#27); Don't Give in to Him by Gary Puckett and the Union Gap (#28); No, Not Much by the Vogues (#29); and Gitarzan by Ray Stevens (#30).

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 Time of the Season--The Zombies
2 Dizzy--Tommy Roe
3 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
4 Indian Giver--1910 Fruitgum Co.
5 Games People Play--Joe South
6 To Susan on the West Coast Waiting--Donovan
7 Condition Red--The Goodees
8 Things I'd Like to Say--The New Colony Six
9 Mendocino--Sir Douglas Quintet
10 Galveston--Glen Campbell

Died on this date
Dwight David Eisenhower, 78. 34th President of the United States of America, 1953-1961. General of the Army Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II, playing a major role in the Allied victory. His memoir Crusade in Europe (1948) was a bestseller. Gen. Eisenhower served as President of Columbia University before accepting the Republican Party presidential nomination in 1952, easily winning the election against Democratic Party candidate Adlai Stevenson. Within six months of taking office, President Eisenhower achieved a cease-fire in the Korean War. He suffered a heart attack in 1955, but recovered, and easily defeated Mr. Stevenson again in 1956. President Eisenhower presided over an era of domestic prosperity amid Cold War international tension. He Eisenhower died at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington with his wife Mamie and son John at his side. Doctors attributed the immediate cause of death to an episode of congestive heart failure on March 15, although Mr. Eisenhower had been hospitalized since May 14, 1968, two weeks after suffering his fourth heart attack. He suffered three more heart attacks in the hospital, and had surgery for a gastrointestinal obstruction on February 23.

Academia
Held at the initiative of the Movement for Inclusive Schools (MIS) and led by Professor Stanley Gray, more than 10,000 people marched in Montreal, criticizing the position of the French language at McGill University and demanding the creation of a second French-language university, after the Université de Montréal, in the city. Insults were exchanged, slogans such as "French McGill" and "McGill to the people" were shouted , and about 40 arrests were reported. A few months later, the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) opened its doors for the first time.

Religion
Pope Paul VI named 33 new members to the College of Cardinals, raising the total number of cardinals to a record 134. The new American cardinals were John Joseph Wright, Bishop of Pittsburgh (who was called to join the Curia); Terence Cooke, Archbishop of New York; John Deardon, Archbishop of Detroit and president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops; and John Carberry, Archbishop of St. Louis.

Disasters
At least 53 were killed and 350 injured in an earthquake that hit western Turkey.

Hockey
CHL
Adams Cup
Quarter-Finals
Omaha 7 @ Kansas City 2 (Omaha led best-of-five series 1-0)
Dallas 4 @ Houston 1 (Dallas led best-of-five series 1-0)

Semi-Finals
Tulsa 3 @ Oklahoma City 2 (Tulsa led best-of-seven series 1-0)

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): I Will Survive--Gloria Gaynor (2nd week at #1)

Diplomacy
A two-day conference of the Arab League in Baghdad concluded with an agreement to a limited political boycott of Egypt. Libya and the Palestine Liberation Organization walked out after moderates, led by Saudi Arabia, refused to go beyond minimum sanctions.

Politics and government
Great Britain's Labour Party government, under Prime Minister James Callaghan, lost 311-310 on a non-confidence vote in Parliament; a general election was called for May 3.

Environment
An accident caused the release of radiation (also here) from the three-month-old Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, 11 miles south of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission initially minimized the danger from the radiation leak.

30 years ago
1989

On television tonight
The Wonder Years, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Fate

Music
Crowded House, with opening act Richard Thompson, performed at the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium. This blogger paid $20.75 for his ticket and saw fine performances from both artists.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Omen III--Magic Affair (3rd week at #1)

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 The Sign--Ace of Base (2nd week at #1)
2 Mr. Jones--Counting Crows
3 Streets of Philadelphia--Bruce Springsteen
4 Without You--Mariah Carey
5 Return to Innocence--Enigma
6 Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through--Meat Loaf
7 Now and Forever--Richard Marx
8 Hasn't Hit Me Yet--Blue Rodeo
9 High Road Easy--Sass Jordan
10 Swimming in Your Ocean--Crash Test Dummies

Singles entering the chart were I'll Remember by Madonna (#52); Dreams by the Cranberries (#75); Misled by Celine Dion (#83); All American Girl by Melissa Etheridge (#97); Call it Romance by Gogh Van Go (#88); Keep Talking by Pink Floyd (#91); and Song of the Land by Susan Aglukark (#93). I'll Remember was from the movie With Honors (1994).

Died on this date
Eugène Ionesco, 84. Romanian-born French playwright. Mr. Ionesco spent much of his childhood in France, and moved there for good in 1942. He became a major figure in French Avant-garde theatre, with plays such as The Killer (1958) and Rhinoceros (1959).

Albert Goldman, 66. U.S. writer. Dr. Goldman taught English and comparative literature at Columbia University (1963-1972), eventually teaching and writing about popular culture. He was known for his biographies Ladies and Gentlemen – Lenny Bruce!! (1974); Elvis (1981); and The Lives of John Lennon (1988), the latter two of which were heavily criticized. Dr. Goldman was working on a biography of Doors' lead singer Jim Morrison when he died of a heart attack while on a plane flying from Miami to London, 18 days before his 67th birthday.

Radio
BBC Radio 5 was closed and replaced with a new news and sports station, BBC Radio 5 Live.

War
Fighting in Johannesburg among Zulu nationalists, the African National Congress, and the police claimed 53 lives and wounded 300. It was reported that the dispute over the future of the Zulus had left more than 150 dead in the province of Natal over the previous 11 days.

20 years ago
1999

Died on this date
Franco Gasparri, 50. Italian actor. Mr. Gasparri achieved success as a star of action movies, most notably Mark il poliziotto (Mark of the Cop) (1975) and two sequels. He used a wheelchair and gave up his career after a near-fatal motorcycle accident, and died of respiratory failure.

War
Serbian police and special forces killed about 93 Kosovo Albanians in the village of Izbica, in the Drenica region of central Kosovo.

Hockey
CIAU
Men's Championship
Final
Alberta 6 Moncton 2

Basketball
NCAA
Women's Championship
Final
Purdue 62 Duke 45

Purdue head coach Carolyn Peck became the first Negro woman to coach a national championship team.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Maurice Jarre, 84. French-born U.S. composer and conductor. Mr. Jarre was a film composer who was best known for his collaborations with director David Lean. Mr. Jarre won Academy Awards for his scores for Lawrence of Arabia (1962); Doctor Zhivago (1965); and A Passage to India (1984), all of which were directed by Mr. Lean. He died of cancer.

March 27, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Beth Nyambura!

710 years ago
1309

World events
Pope Clement V imposed excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.

690 years ago
1329

Religion
Pope John XXII issued his In Agro Dominico, condemning some writings of Meister Eckhart as heretical.

225 years ago
1794

Diplomacy
Denmark and Sweden formed a neutrality compact.

Defense
To protect American merchant ships from Barbary pirates, the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act, and authorized the building of six frigates, including the Constitution ("Old Ironsides").

210 years ago
1809

War
A combined Franco-Polish force defeated Spanish forces in the Battle of Ciudad Real.

180 years ago
1839

Born on this date
John Ballance. U.K.-born N. Z. politician. Mr. Ballance emigrated to New Zealand at the age of 27. He founded the Liberal Party and served as leader of the opposition from 1889-1891 and as Prime Minister from 1891 until his death at the age of 54 on April 27, 1893 after an operation for an intestinal disease.

170 years ago
1849

Died on this date
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford, 72. Governor General of British North America, 1835-1837. Lord Gosford represented Armagh County from 1798-1807, first in the Irish House of Commons, and then, after the act of Union, in the British House of Commons. He entered the House of Lords after succeeding his father as Earl of Gosford. Lord Gosford was Governor General of British North America at the time of the Lower Canada Rebellion in 1837, and declared martial law. He resigned in November 1837, and was succeeded by Lord Durham, who implemented the Union Act uniting Upper and Lower Canada, which Lord Gosford had argued against.

150 years ago
1869

Born on this date
James McNeill. Governor-General of the Irish Free State, 1928-1932. Mr. McNeill served in the Provisional Government under Michael Collins, and helped to draft the Constitution of the Irish Free State. He resigned as Governor-General a month before his intended retirement after clashing with Executive Council President Éamon de Valera, and died in London on December 12, 1938 at the age of 69.

J. R. Clynes. U.K. politician. John Robert Clynes, a member of the Labour Party, represented Manchester North East (1906-1918)/Manchester Platting (1918-1931, 1935-1945) in the House of Commons, holding two cabinet posts in the coalition government of Prime Minister David Lloyd George from 1917-1919, advocating for the interests of working classes. He led the party from 1921-1922, but was replaced by Ramsay MacDonald despite having led Labour to a breakthrough in the general election, increasing from 52 seats to 142. Mr. Clynes served as deputy leader of the Labour Party from 1922-1932, and was Home Secretary from 1929-1931. He died on October 23, 1949 at the age of 80.

Died on this date
James Harper, 73. U.S. publisher and politician. Mr. Harper and his brother John founded a printing firm in 1817, and expanded it to include publishing in 1825, under the name Harper & Brothers; the firm still exists as part of HarperCollins. Mr. Harper, running as the candidate of the American Republican Party, was elected Mayor of New York City in 1844. He established the first municipal police force and began work on establishing a city sanitation system, but was defeated in his bid for re-election in 1845. Mr. Harper died 17 days before his 74th birthday.

140 years ago
1879

Born on this date
Miller Huggins. U.S. baseball player and manager. Mr. Huggins was a second baseman with the Cincinnati Reds (1904-1909) and St. Louis Cardinals (1910-1916), batting .265 with 9 home runs, 318 runs batted in, and 324 stolen bases in 1,585 games. He led the National League in bases on balls four times, and was regarded as a good defensive second baseman. Mr. Huggins managed the Cardinals (1913-1917) and New York Yankees (1918-1929), compiling a record of 1,413-1,124. He led the Yankees to their first two American League pennants in 1921 and 1922, followed by their first World Series championship in 1923. Another pennant came in 1926, followed by World Series championships in 1927 and 1928, with the 1927 Yankees being widely regarded as the best team in baseball history. In 1929, the Yankees were a distant second behind the Philadelphia Athletics, and Mr. Huggins developed a skin condition known as erysipelas, growing from a carbuncle that developed under one eye. The condition grew worse, and he died on September 25, 1929 at the age of 50, with 11 games remaining in the season. Mr. Huggins had frequent clashes with star right fielder Babe Ruth, but eventually prevailed, and the Babe was among those who cried when notified of his death. Mr. Huggins was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964.

Sándor Garbai. Prime Minister of Hungary, 1919. Mr. Garbai was a member of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party, who advocated union with the Communist Party. This took place on March 21, 1919, as the Hungarian Soviet Republic was established. Mr. Garbai was Prime Minister and Chairman of the Central Executive Council, but Foreign Minister Béla Kun wielded the real power, and Mr. Garbai was forced out of both offices on August 1, 1919. He died in Paris on November 7, 1947 at the age of 68.

Edward Steichen. Luxembourg-born U.S. painter and photographer. Mr. Steichen moved to New York with his family as an infant. He was a skilled drawer, lithographer, and painter, but became one of the most famous photographers of the 20th century, often in partnership with Alfred Stieglitz. His photograph The Pond--Moonlight (1904), in which he applied layers of light-sensitive gums to simulate colour, sold at auction in 2006 for a record $2.9 million. Mr. Steichen directed the Academy Award-winning documentary The Fighting Lady (1944), and created the travelling museum exhibit The Family of Man (1955). He died on March 25, 1973, two days before his 94th birthday.

130 years ago
1889

Died on this date
John Bright, 77. U.K. politician. Mr. Bright, a Liberal, sat in the House of Commons from 1843 until his death. He founded the Anti-Corn Law League, aimed at abolishing the laws that were seen as unfairly protecting the interests of landowners. Mr. Bright supported free trade, electoral reform, and religious freedom, and was opposed to England's involvement in the Crimean War.

120 years ago
1899

Born on this date
Gloria Swanson. U.S. actress. The 4’ 11½" Miss Swanson began her screen career in 1915, and spent her early years as an actress in slapstick Mack Sennett comedies. She eventually took on more dramatic roles, and her salary rose accordingly, to $6,500 U.S. per week by 1923. Miss Swanson spent money as fast as she made it; it was estimated that she made $8 million in the 1920s, and spent almost all of it. Miss Swanson’s favourite of her movies was reportedly Madame Sans-Gêne (1925), which is now lost. Another one of her favourites was Beyond the Rocks (1922), her only movie with Rudolf Valentino, which was considered a lost movie until a print was discovered in a private collection in the Netherlands a few years ago. Among her notable movies were Sadie Thompson (1928) and Queen Kelly (1929). Miss Swanson made the transition to sound in the late 1920s and early 1930s, but the kind of characters she usually played went out of fashion. She acted on stage through the 1940s, then made a big comeback on screen with her most memorable role, that of faded silent star Norma Desmond in Sunset Blvd. (1950). According to the script, Norma Desmond was only 50 years old, but when you watch the movie, it’s hard not to get the impression that the character seems much older. If you’re wondering what movie it is that Norma Desmond is screening in Sunset Blvd., it’s Queen Kelly. Miss Swanson was nominated for the Academy Award for best actress for Sadie Thompson (1928); The Trespasser (1929); and Sunset Blvd. (1950). Her last film role was as herself in Airport 1975 (1974). As her acting roles declined in the 1950s and beyond, Miss Swanson kept busy as a clothes designer, founded Essence of Nature cosmetics, and became a prominent promoter of health foods. She also appeared as a guest on television programs. Gloria Swanson was married at least six times and had numerous affairs, the most notable of which was with Joseph P. Kennedy; in fact, it was Mr. Kennedy who financed Queen Kelly. She died on April 4, 1983, eight days after her 84th birthday.

War
Emilio Aguinaldo led Filipino forces for the only time during the Philippine–American War, in the Battle of Marilao River, which resulted in a victory for U.S. forces.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Ben Webster. U.S. musician. Mr. Webster was a jazz tenor saxophonist who played in a number of bands, most notably with Duke Ellington's orchestra from 1935-1943, where he was a featured soloist. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage on September 20, 1973 at the age of 64.

80 years ago
1939

Basketball
NCAA
Men's Championship
Final @ Evanston, Illinois
Oregon 46 Ohio State 33

75 years ago
1944

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Haunted Bagpipes

War
A fourth column of Japanese troops entered the Indian state of Manipur from the Sumra jungle area on the Burmese border. Three German attacks on the Allied beachhead at Anzio were repulsed. The Polish Telegraph Agency announced that underground leaders in Poland had been instructed to get in touch with Soviet military leaders "to coordinate military operations against the Germans.

Literature
The American Academy of Arts and Letters announced that its Award of Merit and $1,000 cash prize would go to novelist Theodore Dreiser.

Academia
The Montreal School of Graphic Arts was officially opened.

Crime
The U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the conviction of German-born journalist and propagandist George S. Viereck under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Supreme Court sustained the power of the Office of Price Administration to fix ceiling prices on meats and rents.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that miners must be paid for time spent going from the face of the mine to working places.

A $90,000 suit by Operas on Tour against American Federation of Musicians president James C. Petrillo was announced in New York. The suit alleged that Mr. Petrillo had interfered with the plaintiff's efforts to present grand opera through recordings.

70 years ago
1949

On the radio
Pat Novak For Hire, starring Jack Webb, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Joe Candono Blackmail Pictures

Defense
The Italian Senate approved "in principle" Italy's participation in the North Atlantic security system, as Foreign Minister Carlo Sforza arrived in Washington to sign the agreement.

Politics and government
Gaullists gained 223 seats and Communists lost 147 seats in special district runoff elections in France.

The Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace ended its three-day session in New York after passing resolutions for the strengthening of the United Nations and the creation of a permanent committee to work for world peace.

Labour
The Congress of Industrial Organizations Farm Equipment Workers union ended a three-day convention in Cedar Rapids, Iowa after rejecting CIO demands that it merge with the United Auto Workers of America.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Side Saddle--Russ Conway

Space
A scientific symposium in Washington concluded that the outer Van Allen radiation belt was caused by particles of hot, energetic solar gases trapped in Earth's magnetic field.

World events
Chinese Communist authorities closed the Indian-Tibetan border and broadcast assurances that the Dalai Lama's personal sanctity would be protected.

U.S.S.R. jet fighters harassed U.S. transport planes flying in air corridors between Berlin and West Germany in an effort to make them conform to a Soviet-imposed ceiling of 10,000 feet.

Diplomacy
The United States and Bulgaria announced an agreement on the resumption of full diplomatic relations, broken since 1950.

Religion
Pope John XXIII deleted references to Jews as "perfidious" from Good Friday services.

50 years ago
1969

On television tonight
Dragnet 1969, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Juvenile: DR-32



At the movies
Age of Consent, produced by Michael Powell and James Mason, directed by Mr. Powell, and starring Mr. Mason, Helen Mirren, and Jack McGowran, opened in theatres in Australia.



Space
The United States launched Mariner 7, a probe headed for Mars to investigate that planet's polar conditions.

War
The NLF and North Vietnam termed the American and South Vietnamese suggestion for private talks to break the Paris peace talks impasse as deceitful, although they did not totally reject the idea.

Diplomacy
British Prime Minister Harold Wilson began a five-day visit to Nigeria.

40 years ago
1979

On television tonight
The Paper Chase, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Tables Down at Ernie's



Politics and government
In Texas, a court order halted municipal elections in Houston and Dallas, as the U.S. Justice Department and federal courts investigated the apparent failure of those cities to enforce the Federal Voting Rights Act.

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): She Drives Me Crazy--Fine Young Cannibals

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Like a Prayer--Madonna (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
May Allison, 98. Miss Allison was a star in the early days of silent films, and was romantically teamed with Harold Lockwood in 25 movies from 1915-1918, becoming Hollywood's first popular on-screen romantic team, until Mr. Lockwood died in the influenza epidemic in 1918. Miss Allison retired from movies after The Telephone Girl (1927).

Malcolm Cowley, 90. U.S. writer. Mr. Cowley was known for Blue Juniata (1929), a book of poetry; Exile's Return (1934/1951), a memoir of life among American expatriates in Paris after World War I; and for his many years from 1944 through the 1980s as an editor and talent scout at Viking Press. He served as an analyst with the U.S. War Department's Office of Facts and Figures from 1941-1942, but resigned amidst accusations of Communist sympathies.

Politics and government
Many Communist Party candidates were defeated in elections for the U.S.S.R. Congress of People's Deputies.

Scandal
William Parkin, a defense consultant, pled guilty to bribing a public official, wire fraud, and fraud conspiracy in connection with a plan to help Teledyne Electronics obtain a U.S. Air Force contract. The official who received the bribe, U.S. Navy contract specialist Stuart Berlin, had pleaded guilty on March 23 to wire fraud and receiving bribes.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Gangsta Lean--DRS

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): All for Love--Bryan Adams, Rod Stewart and Sting (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Move on Baby--Cappella (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Chart Information Network): Doop--Doop (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Lawrence Wetherby, 86. U.S. politician. Mr. Wetherby, a Democrat, was Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky from 1947-1950 and Governor of Kentucky from 1950-1955. As chairman of the Southern Governors Conference in 1954 and 1955, he encouraged other southern governors to accept and implement racial desegregation. Mr. Wetherby was elected to the Kentucky Senate in 1966, and was its President Pro Tempore from 1966-1968. He died of complications from a broken hip.

Defense
The European Fighter Aircraft made its maiden flight in Germany, two years later than expected.

Politics and government
Two days of voting concluded in the first Italian general election since the adoption of a new electoral law that had been approved in reaction to widespread corruption. Under the new rules, 3/4 of the seats in both houses of parliament were to be filled from single-seat constituencies, with the remainder assigned proportionally based on the relative popular strength of the parties. The Alliance for Freedom, a coalition of three conservative parties, obtained 43% of the vote for the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house), with half of that going to Forzia Italiana, led by Silvio Berlusconi, who had promised to cut taxes. The smallest of the conservative coalition parties, the National Alliance, widely regarded as neo-Fascist, captured 8% of the vote. The Communist-dominated Progressive Alliance took 34% of the vote, and a centrist party coalition led by the Popular Party (formerly the Christian Democrats) took 16% of the vote. Mr. Berlusconi's alliance won 366 of 630 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 156 of 312 seats in the Senate. The Alliance of Progressives, led by Achille Occhetto, took 213 seats in the Chamber and 122 in the Senate. The pact for Italy, led by Mariotto Segni, won 46 seats in the House and 34 in the Senate.

Figure Skating
Elvis Stojko of Canada won the gold medal in men's singles competition at the World Championships in Chib, Japan.

20 years ago
1999

World events
Spain added 33 new criminal charges against former Chilean President General Augusto Pinochet.

War
A United States Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk was shot down over Bosnia-Herzegovina; the pilot was rescued.

Hockey
NHL
Boston 2 @ Toronto 2

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Irving R. Levine, 86. U.S. journalist. Mr. Levine was a correspondent with NBC News from 1950-1995. He was a foreign correspondent for most of his career including 12 years in Rome. In 1981, Mr. Levine became NBC's first full-time economics reporter. He died of complications from prostate cancer.

War
U.S. President Barack Obama launched a fresh effort to defeat al-Qaida terrorists in both Pakistan and Afghanistan, ordering in 4,000 more troops.

Disasters
The dam forming Situ Gintung, an artificial lake in Tangerang District, Indonesia, failed, killing at least 100 people.

March 26, 2019

850 years ago
1169

Politics and government
Saladin was appointed Vizier of Egypt by Caliph al-Adid.

675 years ago
1344

War
The Siege of Algeciras by the Castillian forces of King Alfonso XI of Spain, assisted by the fleets of the Kingdom of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa, came to an end. It was one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used.

370 years ago
1649

Died on this date
John Winthrop, 61 or 62. English-born American politician. Mr. Winthrop was a Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, writing of his vision of the colony as a "city upon a hill." He served as Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1630-1634; 1637-1640; 1642-1644; and 1646-1649. Mr. Winthrop died in office of natural causes, and was succeeded as Governor by John Endecott.

180 years ago
1839

Sport
The Henley Regatta was established by a proposal from Captain Edmund Gardiner at a public meeting in the town hall of Henley, England.

160 years ago
1859

Born on this date
A. E. Housman. U.K. poet and classicist. Mr. Housman was best known for his 63-poem cycle A Shropshire Lad (1896). Mr. Housman also produced authoritative editions of classical authors such as Juvenal, Manilius, and Lucan. He died on April 30, 1936 at the age of 77.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Chips Rafferty. Australian actor. Mr. Rafferty, born John Goffage, worked at various jobs before becoming an actor, embodying the typical Australian in movies such as Forty Thousand Horsemen (1940) and The Overlanders (1946). He died of a heart attack on May 27, 1971 at the age of 62.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Roger Leger. Canadian hockey player. Mr. Leger was a defenceman with the New York Rangers (1943-44) and Montreal Canadiens (1946-50), scoring 18 goals and 53 assists in 187 regular season games, and 7 assists in 20 playoff games. He died on April 7, 1965, 12 days after his 46th birthday.

Strother Martin. U.S. actor. Mr. Martin was a character actor who appeared in numerous movies and television programs. He was perhaps best known for playing the prison warden in the movie Cool Hand Luke (1967), uttering the line, "What we've got here is failure to communicate." Mr. Martin died of a heart attack on August 1, 1980 at the age of 61.

Hockey
Stanley Cup
Finals
Montreal 0 @ Seattle 0 (2 OT) (Seattle led best-of-five series 2-1-1)

Georges Vezina of the Canadiens and Hap Holmes of the Metropolitans each earned shutouts as neither team was able to score at Seattle Ice Arena in a game played under National Hockey League rules.

90 years ago
1929

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
New York Rangers 2 @ Toronto 1 (OT) (New York won best-of-three series 2-0)

Frank Boucher scored at 2:05 of the 1st overtime period to give the Rangers their win over the Maple Leafs at Mutual Street Arena.

80 years ago
1939

War
Nationalist forces began their final offensive of the Spanish Civil War.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Quarter-Finals
Montreal 0 @ Detroit 1 (OT) (Detroit won best-of-three series 2-1)

Marty Barry scored at 7:47 of the 1st overtime period to give the Red Wings their win over the Canadiens at Olympia Stadium.

Semi-Finals
New York Rangers 1 @ Boston 4 (Boston led best-of-seven series 3-0)

75 years ago
1944

War
Soviet forces drove German forces back to the Romanian border along a 53-mile front. British commandos reached a point 147 miles from Myitkyina, the main Japanese base above the Burma Road.

Politics and government
The Greek government-in-exile rejected suggestions of the guerrilla group National Liberation Front to broaden the government to include the NLF.

U.S. Representative Martin Dies (Democrat--Texas), chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities, assailed newspaper columnist and radio broadcaster Walter Winchell as the "tool" of an organized movement to undermine the prestige of Congress. In response, Mr. Winchell challenged Rep. Dies to take his case to court.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Detroit 0 @ Chicago 2 (Chicago led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Basketball
NCAA
NIT
Final @ Madison Square Garden, New York
St. John's 47 DePaul 39

The Redmen, coached by Joe Lapchick, defeated DePaul 47-39 to become the first back-to-back winner of the National Invitation Tournament.

70 years ago
1949

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Buttons and Bows--Dinah Shore and the Happy Valley Boys; Gene Autry (12th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard) (Best Seller): Cruising Down the River--Russ Morgan and his Orchestra

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Cruising Down the River--Russ Morgan and his Orchestra
--Blue Barron and his Orchestra
--Jack Smith and the Clark Sisters
2 Far Away Places--Bing Crosby
--Perry Como
--Margaret Whiting and the Crew Chiefs
3 Powder Your Face with Sunshine (Smile! Smile! Smile!)--Evelyn Knight and the Stardusters
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
4 I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm--Les Brown and his Orchestra
--The Mills Brothers
5 A Little Bird Told Me--Evelyn Knight and the Stardusters
6 Galway Bay--Bing Crosby
7 Lavender Blue (Dilly Dilly)--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Dinah Shore
8 Down by the Station--Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
9 So Tired--Russ Morgan and his Orchestra
10 So in Love--Gordon MacRae
--Dinah Shore

Singles entering the chart were Blue Room by Perry Como (#23); A Rosewood Spinet by Gordon MacRae (#30); Doo Dee Doo on an Old Kazoo by Art Mooney and his Orchestra (#31); and "A" You're Adorable (The Alphabet Song), with versions by Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae; and Perry Como with the Fontane Sisters (#36).

On the radio
Tales of Fatima, starring Basil Rathbone, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Murder on Stage

War
Iran accused U.S.S.R. troops of raiding Iranian territory on the disputed Soviet-Iranian frontier east of the Caspian Sea.

The Chinese Communist Party Central Committee announced its willingness to begin peace negotiations with the Nationalist government, and named a five-member delegation headed by Chou En-lai to conduct talks.

Politics and government
Former U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace, novelist Norman Mailer, and journalist I.F. Stone were among the participants in discussions at Carnegie Hall in New York sponsored by the Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace.

Protest
Americans for Intellectual Freedom, organized by New York University Professor Sidney Hook, held a rally to protest the Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace.

Crime
A U.S. federal court in Washington, D.C. sentenced Mildred Gillars, popularly known as "Axis Sally," to 10-30 years in prison and fined her $10,000 for making Nazi radio propaganda broadcasts from Germany during World War II.

Economics and finance
France and Italy agreed to eliminate tariff duties on mutual trade within one year and to establish economic unity by 1955.

Disasters
Three days of tornadoes and gales in the South and Southwestern United States ended with 26 deaths.

Tennis
Pancho Gonzales and Gussie Moran won the men's and women's singles titles, respectively, at the U.S. indoor championships in New York.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Detroit 2 @ Montreal 3 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Boston 5 @ Toronto 4 (OT) (Toronto led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Woody Dumart's second goal of the game, at 16:14 of the 1st overtime period, gave the Bruins their win over the Maple Leafs at Maple Leaf Gardens.

Basketball
NCAA
Men's Championship
Final @ Seattle
Kentucky 46 Oklahoma 36

60 years ago
1959

Died on this date
Raymond Chandler, 70. U.S. author. Mr. Chandler was one of the major figures in the genre of "hard-boiled" detective fiction. He created the private investigator Philip Marlowe, who was the main character in novels such as The Big Sleep (1939); Farewell, My Lovely (1940); and The Long Goodbye (1953), all of which were made into movies. Mr. Chandler also wrote or co-wrote the screenplays for Double Indemnity (1944); The Blue Dahlia (1946); and Strangers on a Train (1951), the first two of which earned him Academy Award nominations. He drank himself to death.

Defense
Nationalist Chinese President Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek said that his government was "making every possible effort" to give Tibet military aid, and would soon "join force" with Tibetan rebels on the mainland to fight Communist rule.

Academia
The York University Act received royal assent in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, becoming Ontario's tenth university. The non-denominational institution held its first classes in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the University of Toronto campus, with a total of 76 students.

Journalism
Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery President James McCook said in Ottawa that radio and television broadcasters could now apply for membership.

Health
The U.S. National Advisory Committee on Radiation, arguing that it would be "unwise to continue the assignment of...the public health aspects of atomic energy to the same agency that has a prime interest in the promotional aspects of the field," recommended that the U.S. radiation protection program be shifted to the Public Health Service.

Economics and finance
King Hussein of Jordan ended aid talks with U.S. officials in Washington.

Newfoundland Premier Joey Smallwood denounced the Canadian government's pledge of $36.5 million in economic aid over three years as inadequate.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Toronto 2 @ Boston 4 (Boston led best-of-seven series 2-0)
Chicago 1 @ Montreal 5 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 2-0)

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): I Heard It Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da/While My Guitar Gently Weeps--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)
2 Edge of Reality/If I Can Dream--Elvis Presley
3 Build Me Up Buttercup--The Foundations
4 Crimson and Clover--Tommy James and the Shondells
5 Star Crossed Lovers--Neil Sedaka
6 I Started a Joke/Kilburn Towers--The Bee Gees
7 Lily the Pink--The Scaffold
8 Adios Amor--Jose Feliciano
9 Fox on the Run--Manfred Mann
10 Touch Me--The Doors

Singles entering the chart were First of May/Lamplight by the Bee Gees (#28); Surround Yourself with Sorrow by Cilla Black (#32); I'm Livin' in Shame by Diana Ross & the Supremes (#33); Hayride by the Flying Circus (#36); and Relax Me by the Groove (#38).

Died on this date
John Kennedy Toole, 31. U.S. author. Mr. Toole was best known for his comic novel A Confederacy of Dunces, which wasn't published during his lifetime. He committed suicide in obscurity (by carbon monoxide poisoning), but his mother took the manuscript of his novel to author Walker Percy, who was enthusiastic about it. A Confederacy of Dunces was published in 1980, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The Neon Bible, a short novel written by Mr. Toole when he was 16, was published in 1989.

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched Meteor, part of the Soviet Union's weather satellite system.

War
Jordan reported that 18 civilians had been killed and 25 wounded when four Israeli bomber jets attacked roadside rest houses on the outskirts of a town 16 miles from Amman. Israel described the target as an Arab guerrilla base. At Jordan's request, the United Nations Security Council looked into the incident.

No casualties were reported in a clash between North Korean and American forces in the DMZ.

Politics and government
The Somali Youth League won 73 of 123 seats in the Somali parliamentary election. The Somali National Congress was second with 11 seats, followed by the Somali Independent Constitutional Party (8) and Somali African National Union (6).

Wearing a scarlet robe with ermine trimmings, Lord Constantine, the son of a Trinidadian cocoa farmer, and once one of the world's great cricket players, was installed as the first Negro member of the U.K. House of Lords, "with all the rights, privileges, preeminences, immunities, and advantages to the degree of baron."

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Le Freak-Chic (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Young Man (Y.M.C.A.)--Hideki Saijo (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?--Rod Stewart (4th week at #1)

Died on this date
Jean Stafford, 63. U.S. authoress. Miss Stafford wrote three novels, but was best known for her short stories. She was awarded the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford. Miss Stafford's husbands included poet Robert Lowell and journalist A.J. Liebling. She drank heavily and suffered from depression, hastening her death from cardiac arrest.

Diplomacy
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin signed the Camp David peace treaty in Washington, ending nearly 31 years of hostilities between the two countries. President Jimmy Carter signed as a witness for the United States.

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau obtained a dissolution of Parliament and called a federal election for May 22.

Brian Peckford was sworn in as Premier of Newfoundland, succeeding Frank Moores as head of the province's Progressive Conservative government.

Law
A United States federal judge in Milwaukee granted a government motion to bar The Progressive's publication of an article describing how a hydrogen bomb works. It was the first such injunction to impose prior restraint in the name of national security.

Basketball
NCAA
Men's Championship @ Special Events Center, Salt Lake City
Final
Michigan State 75 Indiana State 64

Magic Johnson scored 24 points for the Spartans as they won the national championship before 15,410 fans, handing the Sycamores their only loss of the season. The Michigan State defense limited Indiana State star Larry Bird to 19 points, his lowest total in the tournament.

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): She Drives Me Crazy--Fine Young Cannibals (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Something's Gotten Hold of My Heart--Marc Almond featuring Gene Pitney (4th week at #1)

Hockey
NHL
Calgary 7 Chicago 5

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): It's Alright--East 17 (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: The Rhythm of the Night--Corona (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Right in the Night--Jam & Spoon (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Look Who's Talking--Dr. Alban

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): La solitudine--Laura Pausini (8th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Je danse le Mia--IAM (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Without You--Mariah Carey

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Doop--Doop (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 The Sign--Ace of Base (3rd week at #1)
2 Bump n' Grind--R. Kelly
3 Without You/Never Forget You--Mariah Carey
4 The Power of Love--Celine Dion
5 Whatta Man--Salt-N-Pepa with En Vogue
6 So Much in Love--All-4-One
7 Now and Forever--Richard Marx
8 Gin and Juice--Snoop Doggy Dogg
9 Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)--Us3
10 Breathe Again--Toni Braxton

Singles entering the chart were Pumps and a Bump by M.C. Hammer (#75); How Do You Like It? by Keith Sweat (#78); Got Me Waiting by Heavy D & the Boyz (#89); Lullabye (Goodnight, My Angel) by Billy Joel (#90); and Don't Go Breaking My Heart by Elton John & RuPaul (#92).

U.S.A. top 10 (Cash Box):
1 The Sign--Ace of Base (2nd week at #1)
2 Without You--Mariah Carey
3 The Power of Love--Celine Dion
4 So Much in Love--All-4-One
5 Bump n' Grind--R. Kelly
6 Now and Forever--Richard Marx
7 Gin and Juice--Snoop Doggy Dogg
8 Whatta Man--Salt-N-Pepa with En Vogue
9 Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)--Us3
10 Streets of Philadelphia--Bruce Springsteen

Singles entering the chart were Because of Love by Janet Jackson (#11); March of the Pigs by Nine Inch Nails (#38); Return to Innocence by Enigma (#51); Player's Ball by Outkast (#53); A Deeper Love by Aretha Franklin (#56); Love Sneakin' Up on You by Bonnie Raitt (#57); Mass Appeal by Gang Starr (#59); You Don't Love Me (No, No, No) by Dawn Penn (#61); Since I Don't Have You by Guns N' Roses (#62); Somethin' to Ride To (Fonky Expedition) by Conscious Daughters (#64); Electric Relaxation (Relax Yourself Girl) by A Tribe Called Quest (#66); and Come to My Window by Melissa Etheridge (#81).

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 6 Quebec 3

20 years ago
1999

War
NATO planes downed two MiGs over Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Crime
"Dr." Jack Kevorkian, who claimed that he had helped 130 people to take their own lives, was found guilty in Oakland County (Michigan) Circuit Court of second-degree murder in the death (by injection of a lethal drug) of Thomas Youk, who was fatally ill with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A tape of Mr. Youk's death was played on national television. In four previous trials, "Dr." Kevorkian had never been convicted of a death, as the patients in those cases had self-administered lethal drugs. "Dr." Kevorkian acted as his own attorney.

Labour
Ex-miners suffering from lung diseases won the biggest industrial injuries case in British legal history, a compensation deal worth £2 billion.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Griselda Álvarez Ponce de León, 95. Mexican politician. Miss Álvarez represented Jalisco in the Mexican Senate from 1976-1979, and was Governor of Colima from 1979-1985, becoming the first woman to serve as governor of a Mexican state. She died 10 days before her 96th birthday.

Arne Bendiksen, 82. Norwegian singer and songwriter. Mr. Bendiksen was known as the "father of Norwegian pop music," singing and writing numerous hit songs from the 1950s through the 1970s, first as a member of the Monn Keys, and then as a solo performer. He died of heart failure.

Olympics
The Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in Calgary inducted the 2002 Winter Olympic gold medal men's and women's hockey teams, as well as 2002 pairs figure skaters Jamie Sale and David Pelletier, whose silver medal had been upgraded to gold after a judging vote-swapping scandal.

March 25, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Natasha!

1,100 years ago
919

World events
Romanos Lekapenos seized the Boukoleon Palace in Constantinople and became regent of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII.

610 years ago
1409

Religion
The Council of Pisa, an ecumenical Roman Catholic Church council convened by the College of Cardinals in an attempt to end the Western Schism, opened at the Cathedral of Pisa.

180 years ago
1839

Diplomacy
A truce was called in the damaging Aroostook, New Brunswick lumber war over the New Brunswick boundary with Maine; an agreement was later signed by Lord Ashburton and Daniel Webster.

125 years ago
1894

Protest
"Coxey's Army", consisting of unemployed men and led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey, departed Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C. to demand help from the federal government during a time of economic depression. It was the first significant American protest march.

110 years ago
1909

Died on this date
Ruperto Chapí, 57. Spanish composer. Mr. Chapí wrote a symphony, as well as choral and chamber works, but was best known for his many operas and zarzuelas (traditional Spanish works alternating between spoken and sung scenes). He co-founded Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (Spanish Society of Authors and Publishers) in 1893, and died two days before his 58th birthday.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Jeanne Cagney. U.S. actress. Miss Cagney, the younger sister of actor James Cagney and actor and producer William Cagney, appeared in plays, radio and television programs, and movies such as Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942); The Time of Your Life (1948); Man of a Thousand Faces (1957) (all starring James); and Quicksand (1950). She died of lung cancer on December 7, 1984 at the age of 65.

75 years ago
1944

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Bésame Mucho (Kiss Me Much)--Jimmy Dorsey and his Orchestra with Bob Eberly and Kitty Kallen (Best Seller--4th week at #1); Mairzy Doats--The Merry Macs (Jukebox--2nd week at #1)

Edmontonia
Edmonton's city council authorized the city's first campaign to attempt to exterminate mosquitoes.

War
Soviet forces made new gains in Ukraine, reaching the outskirts of the Black Sea port of Nikolayev and the Dniester River along a 50-mile front north of Cernauti and Proskurov. U.S. and Chinese troops took Shaduzup in northern Burma, in a blow at the east flank of Japanese forces in the Mogaung Valley.

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Tom Connally (Democrat--Texas) revealed that Secretary of State Cordell Hull had suggested that a congressional committee be established to consult with the State Department on a postwar peace organization.

Labour
Congress of Industrial Organizations steel workers presented a brief to the U.S. National War Labor Board demanding a fixed annual wage based upon a 40-hour week.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Montreal 2 @ Toronto 1 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 2-1)

70 years ago
1949

On television tonight
Your Show Time, hosted and narrated by Arthur Shields, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Adventure of the Speckled Band, starring Alan Napier as Sherlock Holmes, Melville Cooper as Dr. Watson, Evelyn Ankers as Helen Stoner, and Edgar Barrier as Dr. Grimesby Roylott

This is the oldest extant television broadcast of a Sherlock Holmes story.



Died on this date
August Wilhelm of Prussia, 62. German royal family member. Prince August Wilhelm, nicknamed "Auwi," was the fourth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. He joined the Nazi Party in 1930, and joined the Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1931, eventually rising to the rank of SA-Obergruppenführer. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Prince August Wilhelm's influence within the party declined, and he was held in low regard by high-ranking Nazis, although he remained loyal to Fuehrer Adolf Hitler. Prince August Wilhelm was arrested by American authorities on May 8, 1945, and was interned for the next three years. The captivity severely affected his health, and he died soon after his release.

Jack Kapp, 47. U.S. recording executive. Mr. Kapp worked with Brunswick Records from 1926 until co-founding the American version of Decca Records in 1934. In order to increase sales, Mr. Kapp introduced innovations such as picture sleeves and liner notes for records, and issuing soundtracks from Broadway shows as albums. Mr. Kapp also encouraged Bing Crosby, Decca's most popular artist, to diversify his song catalogue. Mr. Kapp died of a cerebral hemorrhage.

Abominations
U.S.S.R. authorities began a three-day mass deportation of more than 92,000 kulaks from the Baltic states to Siberia.

Defense
The Danish Parliament approved Denmark's participation in the North Atlantic security pact as the Danish government formally accepted a U.S. invitation to sign the agreement.

Politics and government
Chinese Communists designated Peking (Beijing) as their headquarters city.

Negotiations between Western military governors and representatives of the West German Constituent Assembly broke down in disagreement over the strength of the proposed West German central government.

Protest
1,000 demonstrators in New York City picketed the Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace, charging that it was Communist-dominated. The conference, attended by 2,000 American guests and 26 foreign delegates, opened with a banquet at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.

60 years ago
1959

Diplomacy
United Arab Republic President Gamal Nasser, meeting with Lebanese President Fuad Chehab, pledged to respect Lebanon's independence and to eliminate economic disagreements between the two countries.

Defense
The U.S.S.R. declared that it would "take necessary measures to insure the security" of its southern frontiers in view of the recent signing of U.S. bilateral defense arrangements with Pakistan, Turkey, and Iran.

U.K. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan reassured West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer that Britain would not advocate any Central European military agreement with the U.S.S.R. which would damage West Germany's security.

World events
Western sources in Kalimpong reported that the Tibetan cabinet had proclaimed Tibetan independence and called on the People's Republic of China to withdraw its troops from Tibetan territory.

Economics and finance
Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker announced that Newfoundland would be given an additional $36.5 million in federal economic assistance in an effort to raise the province's living standards to the general Canadian level.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Atlantis--Donovan

Died on this date
Billy Cotton, 69. U.K. musician. Mr. Cotton was a popular bandleader from the 1920s through the 1940s, and hosted the BBC radio program Billy Cotton Band Show (1949-1968). He suffered a stroke in 1962, and died while watching a boxing match at Wembley Arena in London.

War
The United States and South Vietnam issued separate statements stressing the need to break the impasse at the Paris peace talks with the Communists through private talks.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Richard Nixon and Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau concluded two days of talks in Washington. In a joint commmunique, the leaders agreed that "problems between us can be settled in ways that promote the interests and the identities of both nations."

Politics and government
Pakistani President Mohammad Ayub Khan resigned after 10 years in office and turned the country over to army commander-in-chief General A.M. Yahya Khan, who promptly declared martial law throughout the country.

Popular culture
During their honeymoon, rock musician John Lennon of the Beatles and Yoko Ono began their first Bed-In for Peace at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel, which ran until March 31.

Disasters
20 were killed and 70 injured in a head-on crash of two passenger trains in a morning mist in southern Belgium.

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Tragedy--Bee Gees (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Chiquitita--ABBA (2nd week at #1)

Space
Columbia, the first fully functional U.S. Space Shuttle orbiter, was delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida to be prepared for its first launch.

Diplomacy
Israeli and Egyptian leaders in Washington agreed on a timetable for the scheduled return by Israel of Sinai oil fields to Egypt; it was the last issue blocking t a comprehensive peace treaty.

Terrorism
Four were injured when a bomb exploded in the baggage-loading area of John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. The bomb had been set to explode aboard a flight bound for Los Angeles. An anti-Castro Cuban group claimed responsibility.

Auto racing
USAC
A.J. Foyt won the Datsun 200 at Ontario Motor Speedway in Ontario, California. It was the first race of the season, and the first since most of the Indy car owners had split from the United States Auto Club to form Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART).

Hockey
NHL
Montreal 1 New York Rangers 0

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Esatto--Francesco Salvi (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): I Only Wanna Be with You--Samantha Fox

#1 single in France (SNEP): Pour toi Arménie--Charles Aznavour and various artists (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Like a Prayer--Madonna

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Alles Kan Een Mens Gelukkig Maken--René Froger & Het Goede Doel
2 Belfast Child (EP track)--Simple Minds
3 Like a Prayer--Madonna
4 Anything for You--Gloria Estefan and Miami Sound Machine
5 Wild Thing--Tone Lōc
6 My Prerogative--Bobby Brown
7 Everybody Needs Somebody to Love--The Blues Brothers
8 Straight Up--Paula Abdul
9 Leave Me Alone--Michael Jackson
10 Eternal Flame--Bangles

Singles entering the chart were Mijn Naam is Jaap by André Van Duin presenteert: Jaap Aap en de Apen (#25); Ik Vuul Mien Zo Zo... - Live! by Normaal (#26); Nothing Has Been Proved by Dusty Springfield (#27); The Shape I'm In by John Spencer (#31); I'd Rather Jack by the Reynolds Girls (#33); and Help! by Bananarama & Lananeeneenoonoo (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 The Living Years--Mike + the Mechanics
2 Eternal Flame--Bangles
3 Girl You Know it's True--Milli Vanilli
4 The Look--Roxette
5 My Heart Can't Tell You No--Rod Stewart
6 Lost in Your Eyes--Debbie Gibson
7 She Drives Me Crazy--Fine Young Cannibals
8 Walk the Dinosaur--Was (Not Was)
9 Roni--Bobby Brown
10 You're Not Alone--Chicago

Singles entering the chart were Soldier of Love by Donny Osmond (#73); Every Little Step by Bobby Brown (#84); Downtown by One 2 Many (#88); Working on It by Chris Rea (#89); The Different Story (World of Lust and Love) by Peter Schilling (#92); Walking Through Walls by the Escape Club (#95); and Voices of Babylon by the Outfield (#97).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Living Years--Mike + the Mechanics (2nd week at #1)
2 Eternal Flame--Bangles
3 Girl You Know it's True--Milli Vanilli
4 Paradise City--Guns 'N' Roses
5 My Heart Can't Tell You No--Rod Stewart
6 Lost in Your Eyes--Debbie Gibson
7 The Look--Roxette
8 Walk the Dinosaur--Was (Not Was)
9 You're Not Alone--Chicago
10 She Drives Me Crazy--Fine Young Cannibals

Singles entering the chart were Rock On by Michael Damian (#80); Do You Believe in Shame? by Duran Duran (#83); I Only Wanna Be with You by Samantha Fox (#85); Soldier of Love by Donny Osmond (#87); Voices of Babylon by the Outfield (#89); and Working on It by Chris Rea (#92).

Died on this date
Earl Nightingale, 68. U.S. broadcaster. Mr. Nightingale joined the the U.S. Marines at the age of 17, and was one of 15 survivors aboard USS Arizona in the Japanes attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941. He read occultist Napoleon Hill's book Think and Grow Rich in 1950, and was inspired by Mr. Hill's quote “We become what we think about.” Mr. Nightingale became a motivational speaker whose record The Strangest Secret (1956) sold a million copies, becoming the first spoken word record to win a Gold Record award. Our Changing World, a five-minute weekday program, aired from 1959 to the 1980s, and became the most widely-syndicated radio program in history. Mr. Nightingale died of complications following heart surgery, 13 days after his 68th birthday.

Environment
Exxon Corporation announced that it accepted full financial responsibility for the previous day's oil spill from the tanker Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

Hockey
NHL
Detroit 5 @ Toronto 6
Edmonton 2 @ Los Angeles 4

The Kings defeated the Oilers in a fight-filled game at The Forum in Inglewood, California.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Sleeping in My Car--Roxette (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Streets of Philadelphia--Bruce Springsteen

Died on this date
Max Petitpierre, 95. President of the Swiss Confederation, 1950, 1955, 1960. Mr. Petitpierre, a member of the Free Democratic Party, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1944-1961, heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during that period. He died 27 days after his 95th birthday.

War
The last U.S. peacekeeping forces left the Somali capital of Mogadishu, though about 50 soldiers remained to protect U.S. diplomats, and another 12 soldiers remained to provide logistical support to United Nations forces in Mogadishu. 19,000 other UN peacekeepers were still in Somalia.

20 years ago
1999

Died on this date
Cal Ripken, Sr., 63. U.S. baseball player, coach, and manager. Mr. Ripken was a catcher in the Baltimore Orioles' minor league system (1957-1962, 1964), batting .253 with 29 home runs and 269 runs batted in in 583 games. He managed in the Orioles' system from 1961-1974, scouted for the Orioles in 1975, and joined the Orioles' coaching staff in 1976, first as bullpen coach, moving to third base during the 1977 season. Mr. Ripken managed the Orioles for one game in 1985 (which they won), and then succeeded the retiring Earl Weaver after the 1986 season, with his sons Cal, Jr. and Billy among the players he managed. The Orioles' talent level had declined badly by the time Mr. Ripken took over as manager, and they finished sixth in the American League East Division with a record of 67-95. When the team lost its first 6 games of the 1988 season, Mr. Ripken was fired and replaced by Frank Robinson. Mr. Ripken was rehired as the Orioles' third base coach in 1989, serving in that capacity through 1992. He was highly regarded as a mentor of young players and for helping to create the tradition known as "The Oriole Way." Mr. Ripken was a longtime heavy smoker who died of lung cancer.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Dan Seals, 61. U.S. musician. Mr. Seals, the younger brother of Jim Seals of the singing duo Seals and Crofts, comprised half of the duo England Dan and John Ford Coley, who had several hit singles from 1976-1979. Their first hit--I'd Really Love to See You Tonight--was their biggest, spending two weeks at #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart in 1976. Mr. Seals became a successful country artist in the 1980s and '90s, with 16 consecutive top 10 singles on the country chart, 11 of which reached #1. His 1985 hit Bop was also a hit on the pop chart, and won the Country Music Association award as "single of the year." Mr. Seals died of cancer.

Labour
Major budget cuts to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation were announced, resulting in the elimination of approximately 800 jobs.

March 24, 2019

1,210 years ago
809

Died on this date
Harun al-Rashid, 53-56. Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, 786-809. Harun al-Rashid, the son of Caliph Al-Mahdi, ruled during the peak of the Islamic Golden Age. He established the Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") library in Baghdad, and made Baghdad a centre of knowledge, culture and trade. He took ill and died soon after a revolt forced him to flee to Khorasan; his will divided the empire between his two sons.

375 years ago
1644

Died on this date
Cecilia Renata, 32. Queen consort of Poland, 1637-1644. Cecilia Renata, a daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, was married by proxy to King Władysław IV in 1637, and advocated for the House of Habsburg. They had three children, the last of whom was a daughter who was stillborn on March 23, 1644. Queen Cecilia Renata died the next day from an infection, likely related to the childbirth.

225 years ago
1794

War
In Kraków, Tadeusz Kościuszko announced a general uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia, and assumed the powers of the Commander- in-Chief of all of the Polish forces.

190 years ago
1829

Politics and government
The Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, allowing Catholics to serve in Parliament.

150 years ago
1869

War
The last of Ngāti Ruanui Māori chief Riwha Titokowaru's forces surrendered to the New Zealand government, ending his uprising.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Clyde Barrow. U.S. criminal. Mr. Barrow was a career criminal who met Bonnie Parker in 1930. Bonnie and Clyde became notorious for a series of bank robberies from 1932-1934, ending when they were ambushed and fatally gunned down by police on a rural road in Bienville Parish, Louisiana on May 23, 1934. Mr. Barrow was 25 at the time of his death.

Died on this date
John Millington Synge, 37. U.K. author, poet, and playwright. Mr. Synge, a native of Ireland, wrote mainly about working class Roman Catholics in rural Ireland. He was best known for his play The Playboy of the Western World (1907). Mr. Synge died of Hodgkin's disease, 23 days before his 38th birthday.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Robert Heilbroner. U.S. economist and historian. Dr. Heilbroner was best known for his book The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers (1953, and several revisions through 1999). He died on January 4, 2005 at the age of 85.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti. U.S. poet and publisher. Dr. Ferlinghetti established the City Lights Bookstore in San Francisco in 1953, which publishes as wells as sells books. Dr. Ferlinghetti attracted national attention by publishing Howl and Other Poems (1956) by Allen Ginsberg, which was ruled in court to be not obscene. Dr. Ferlinghetti was known for publishing the works of Beat poets, but rejects the label of Beat poet for himself; his best known book is the collection A Coney Island of the Mind (1958).

World events
Former Austrian Emperor Charles I and his family left Austria for exile in Switzerland, escorted by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Lisle Strutt, commander of the small British guard detachment at Eckartsau.

Disasters
A terrible fire burned down the Sohmer Park amusement park at the corner of Panet and Notre-Dame East in Montreal. The amphitheater, the restaurant, the kiosk and all the other buildings were destroyed by the flames, with losses amounting to nearly $ 100,000. Sohmer Park opened in 1889, originally as a zoo before being transformed into a place of public amusement, hosting boxing, wrestling, political assemblies, concerts, or popular gatherings for summer or winter activities.

Hockey
Stanley Cup
Finals
Montreal 2 @ Seattle 7 (Seattle led best-of-five series 2-1)

Frank Foyston scored 4 goals to lead the Metropolitans over the Canadiens at Seattle Ice Arena in a game played under Pacific Coast Hockey Association rules. Mr. Foyston now had 8 goals in the series.

90 years ago
1929

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Toronto 0 @ New York Rangers 1 (New York led best-of-three series 1-0)

75 years ago
1944

War
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill said that the Allied invasion of Europe would occur "soon." In an event later dramatized in the movie The Great Escape (1963), 76 Allied prisoners of war began breaking out of the German camp Stalag Luft III. German troops massacred 335 Italian civilians in Rome, and regained one-fourth of the ruins of Cassino and were now strongly entrenched on the western side of the Italian town. Soviet troops reached the Dniester River at Zaleshchiki, on the Bukovina border in southwestern Ukraine. The Colombian government press office reported that Colombia had interned 150 Japanese and German nationals and said that others would be taken into custody. U.S. Selective Service Director Lewis Hershey ordered state directors to call all deferred registrants under the age of 26 for pre-induction physical examinations.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appealed to the people of Germany and Nazi-subjugated nations to aid Jews and other victims of persecution to escape, and asked free nations to open their borders to the refugees.

Law
The United States Senate passed and sent to the House of Representatives the "GI Bill," an omnibus measure providing for hospitalization, education, vocational training, unemployment benefits, and loans for war veterans.

The U.S. Senate passed the independent officers appropriations bill, with drastic reductions to executive agencies, and sent it to conference.

70 years ago
1949

Movies
The Academy Awards for 1948 were presented at the Academy Theater in Hollywood. The winners included: Picture--Hamlet; Director--John Huston (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre); Actor--Laurence Olivier (Hamlet); Actress--Jane Wyman (Johnny Belinda); Supporting Actor--Walter Huston (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre); and Supporting Actress--Claire Trevor (Key Largo).

World events
A series of five espionage trials in Munich ended with 17 defendants convicted of spying for Czechoslovakia and Poland.

Politics and government
Marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky succeeded Nikolai Bulganin as U.S.S.R. Defense Minister. Mr. Bulganin remained as Deputy Premier and a member of the Communist Party Politburo.

Medicine
Dr. Selman Waksman reported in Science that neomycin, a new antibiotic, was as effective as streptomycin in treating tuberculosis.

Economics and finance
The U.S. House of Representatives narrowly voted to defeat the veterans' pension bill sponsored by Rep. John Rankin (Democrat--Mississippi).

Labour
The U.S. House of Representatives Labor Committee approved the bill sponsored by the administration of President Harry Truman that was intended to replace the Taft-Hartley Act.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Toronto 3 @ Boston 2 (Toronto led best-of-seven series 2-0)
Montreal 4 @ Detroit 3 (OT) (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

Gerry Plamondon's third goal of the game, at 2:59 of the 1st overtime period, gave the Canadiens their win over the Red Wings at Olympia Stadium.

60 years ago
1959

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Vision, starring Bruce Gordon, Pernell Roberts, and H.M. Wynant



Defense
Iraq formally withdrew from membership in the Baghdad Pact.

Terrorism
Cyprus Governor Sir Hugh Foot said that an amnesty would be granted to all Cypriots imprisoned for terrorist offenses, and to Greek and Turkish Cypriot terrorists still at large.

World events
Hong Kong sources reported that Communist Chinese Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) had swum the Yellow River near Wuhan seven times, presumably to answer doubts about his health.

Society
U.K. Colonial Secretary Alan Lennox-Boyd appointed a commission to investigate racial unrest in Nyasaland.

Environment
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Chairman John McCone denied that his agency had suppressed information on fallout from nuclear weapons tests.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Toronto 1 @ Boston 5 (Boston led best-of-seven series 1-0)
Chicago 2 @ Montreal 4 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 1-0)

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Blue Light Yokohama--Ayumi Ishida (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Las Flechas Del Amor (Little Arrows)--Karina (2nd week at #1)

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Dizzy--Tommy Roe
2 Traces--Classics IV
3 Time of the Season--The Zombies
4 Indian Giver--1910 Fruitgum Co.
5 Proud Mary--Creedence Clearwater Revival
6 Things I'd Like to Say--The New Colony Six
7 This Girl's in Love with You--Dionne Warwick
8 Mr. Sun, Mr. Moon--Paul Revere and the Raiders
9 This Magic Moment--Jay and the Americans
10 Galveston--Glen Campbell

Singles entering the chart were It's Your Thing by the Isley Brothers (#72); Sweet Cherry Wine by Tommy James and the Shondells (#74); Where Do You Go To (My Lovely) by Peter Sarstedt (#76); It's Only Love by B.J. Thomas (#78); Don't Touch Me by Bettye Swann (#80); Mini-Skirt Minnie by Wilson Pickett (#84); Is it Something You've Got by Tyrone Davis (#86); Time is Tight by Booker T. & the M.G.'s (#88); I Still Love You by Jackie Wilson (#90); Sing a Simple Song by Sly & the Family Stone (#91); Ice Cream Song by the Dynamics (#92); The Chokin' Kind by Joe Simon (#93); Mercy by Ohio Express (#94); July You're a Woman by Pat Boone (#95); Zazueira by Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass (#96); There Never was a Time by Jeannie C. Riley (#97); Idaho by the 4 Seasons (#98); In the Still of the Night by Paul Anka (#99); and Soul Pride (Part 1) by James Brown (#100).

On television tonight
Then Came Bronson, starring Michael Parks, Bonnie Bedelia, and Akim Tamiroff, on NBC

This made-for-television movie served as a pilot for the series, and was released in Europe as a theatrical film in 1970.



War
Egyptian and Israeli forces resumed artillery fire at each other across the Suez Canal.

Diplomacy
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau began a two-day visit with U.S. President Richard Nixon in Washington. The two leaders discussed the anti-ballistic missile system; the North Atlantic Treaty organization; world problems; Canadian-American differences over wheat and oil; and student unrest and racial issues.

Politics and government
Bahjat Talhouni resigned as Prime Minister of Jordan; King Hussein appointed Foreign Minister Abdel Monem Rifai as his successor.

Economics and finance
Three weeks after the Bank of Canada raised its prime rate, eight of the nation's chartered banks followed suit by raising their prime lending rate from 7% to 7.5%. They also announced that as of April 1, interest paid on savings accounts would increase from 5.25% to 5.5%.

Statistics released revealed that textiles were the second-largest industry in Quebec. Textile mills provided 53,000 jobs, or about 60% of all jobs in this sector in Canada. In addition, the textile produced $900 million annually. In Quebec, the industry was divided into three branches: 1) synthetic and artificial textiles 2) yarns and fabrics 3) woolen fabrics.

Boxing
Jerry Quarry (31-2-4) won a 12-round unanimous decision over Buster Mathis (29-2) in a heavyweight bout at Madison Square Garden in New York. Mr. Mathis didn't fight again until November 1971.

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Too Much Heaven--Bee Gees (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Tragedy--Bee Gees

#1 single in Ireland: I Will Survive--Gloria Gaynor (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): I Will Survive--Gloria Gaynor (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Fire!--Pointer Sisters (3rd week at #1)
2 Lay Your Love on Me--Racey
3 Chiquitita--ABBA
4 Tragedy--Bee Gees
5 Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)--The Jacksons
6 The Runner--The Three Degrees
7 Ruthless Queen--Kayak
8 The Wild Places--Duncan Browne
9 Heart of Glass--Blondie
10 Mama Leone--Bino

Singles entering the chart were Lucky Number by Lene Lovich (#17); In the Navy by Village People (#19); Don't You Write Her Off by McGuinn, Clark & Hillman (#29); I Will Survive by Gloria Gaynor (#30); Can You Feel the Force by Real Thing (#32); and Hop, Skip and Jump by Chalawa (#33).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Tragedy--Bee Gees
2 I Will Survive--Gloria Gaynor
3 What a Fool Believes--The Doobie Brothers
4 Heaven Knows--Donna Summer with Brooklyn Dreams
5 Shake Your Groove Thing--Peaches & Herb
6 Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?--Rod Stewart
7 Sultans of Swing--Dire Straits
8 Fire--Pointer Sisters
9 What You Won't Do for Love--Bobby Caldwell
10 A Little More Love--Olivia Newton-John

Singles entering the chart were Bridge Over Troubled Water by Linda Clifford (#77); Just When I Needed You Most by Randy Vanwarmer (#81); Feelin' Satisfied by Boston (#83); Crazy Love by the Allman Brothers Band (#84); I Need Your Help Barry Manilow by Ray Stevens (#85); The Logical Song by Supertramp (#86); California Dreamin' by America (#88); Love Takes Time by Orleans (#89); and Saturday Night, Sunday Morning by Thelma Houston (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Tragedy--Bee Gees (2nd week at #1)
2 Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?--Rod Stewart
3 What a Fool Believes--The Doobie Brothers
4 I Will Survive--Gloria Gaynor
5 Shake Your Groove Thing--Peaches & Herb
6 Heaven Knows--Donna Summer with Brooklyn Dreams
7 Sultans of Swing--Dire Straits
8 Fire--Pointer Sisters
9 Every Time I Think of You--The Babys
10 What You Won't Do for Love--Bobby Caldwell

Singles entering the chart were Bridge Over Troubled Water by Linda Clifford (#83); Love Takes Time by Orleans (#84); Feelin' Satisfied by Boston (#85); Crazy Love by the Allman Brothers Band (#86); I Need Your Help Barry Manilow by Ray Stevens (#87); Take it Back by the J. Geils Band (#88); California Dreamin' by America (#89); Good Times Roll by the Cars (#90); Saturday Night, Sunday Morning by Thelma Houston (#95); It Must Be Love by Alton McClain and Destiny (#96); Love and Desire (Part 1) by Arpeggio (#97); I Never Said I Love You by Orsa Lia (#98); Hot Number by Foxy (#99); and Walkin' the Fence by Couchois (#100).

Canada's top 10 (RPM)
1 Tragedy--Bee Gees
2 Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?--Rod Stewart
3 Heaven Knows--Donna Summer with Brooklyn Dreams
4 I Will Survive--Gloria Gaynor
5 A Little More Love--Olivia Newton-John
6 I Just Fall in Love Again--Anne Murray
7 Rasputin--Boney M.
8 The Gambler--Kenny Rogers
9 Don't Cry Out Loud--Melissa Manchester
10 No Tell Lover--Chicago

Singles entering the chart were Keep on Dancin' by Gary's Gang (#83); Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground) by the Jacksons (#89); Rubber Biscuit by the Blues Brothers (#91); Watch Out for Lucy by Eric Clapton and his Band (#93); Happiness by the Pointer Sisters (#94); It Hurts So Bad by Kim Carnes (#95); Love is the Answer by England Dan and John Ford Coley (#97); Elena by the Marc Tanner Band (#98); Can You Read My Mind by Maureen McGovern (#99); and Hard Times for Lovers by Judy Collins (#100).

Hockey
NHL
Washington 1 @ Montreal 3
Chicago 3 @ Toronto 3

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Something's Gotten Hold of My Heart--Marc Almond featuring Gene Pitney (4th week at #1)

Weather
It was warm enough in Edmonton for this blogger to wear shorts outside.

Environment
The U.S. tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 240,000 barrels (38,000 cubic metres) of petroleum after running aground in Prince William Sound in Alaska. It was the worst oil spill in American history. See also here.

Defense
U.S. President George Bush and leaders of the U.S. Congress from both the Democratic and Republican parties signed an agreement on continued aid to the Contras who were opposing the Sandanista regime in Nicaragua. Under the accord, which would have to be approved by both houses, the Contras would receive $4.5 million per month for food, clothing, shelter, and medical supplies through February 1990, by which time the Sandanista government had promised to hold elections. The aid would end if the Contras initiated military action prior to the scheduled elections.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Look Who's Talking--Dr. Alban (4th week at #1)

War
Somalia's most powerful clan leaders, Mohammed Farah Aidid and Ali Mahdi, signed a peace agreement in Nairobi, Kenya that called for a cease-fire in Somalia's civil war, and repudiated violence.

20 years ago
1999

On television tonight
It's Like, You Know..., on ABC
Tonight's episode: Welcome to L.A., Part 1

This was the first episode of a situation comedy that was promoted as a Los Angeles equivalent to the New York-set Seinfeld. Among the cast were Chris Eigeman (co-star of Whit Stillman's movies Metropolitan (1990); Barcelona (1994); and The Last Days of Disco (1998)) and Jennifer Grey (co-star of Dirty Dancing (1987)). The show had some funny situations, but the characters didn't have the appeal of those in Seinfeld.

Died on this date
Birdie Tebbetts, 86. U.S. baseball player and manager. George Robert Tebbetts was a catcher with the Detroit Tigers (1936-1942, 1946-1947); Boston Red Sox (1947-1950); and Cleveland Indians (1951-1952), batting .270 with 38 home runs and 469 runs batted in in 1,162 games. He was regarded as an outstanding defensive catcher, probably the best in the American League in the late 1940s. Mr. Tebbetts managed the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association in 1953, and then managed the Cincinnati Redlegs (1954-1958); Milwaukee Braves (1961-1962); and Cleveland Indians (1963-1966), compiling a record of 748-705. He then served as a scout from 1968-1997 with the New York Mets; New York Yankees; Baltimore Orioles; and Florida Marlins.

War
North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces launched attacks on targets in Yugoslavia after Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosevic refused to sign a peace agreement regarding the future of the rebellious province of Kosovo. Targets in Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo were hit. Cruise missiles were fired from U.S. and British ships and submarines in the Adriatic Sea and from American B-52 bombers; other NATO warplanes attacked from bases in Italy. The participation of four German jets marked the first combat by German aircraft since the end of World War II. The United States reported that three Yugoslav MiG jets were shot down during the first night. U.S. President Bill Clinton said in an address that NATO sought to stop the Serbian offensive against civilians in Kosovo and to damage the Serbian military. Targets included radar and missile sites and command and communication centres. Russian President Boris Yeltsin denounced the attacks, and both Russia and China criticized the NATO offensive at the UN Security Council the next day.

Politics and government
The day after the assassination of Vice President Luis Maria Argaña, Paraguay's lower house of Congress voted to begin impeachment proceedings against President Raul Cubas Grau immediately for his defiance of a Supreme Court order to return Gen. Lino Cesar Oviedo to prison for planning a coup against then-President Juan Carlos Wasmosy in 1996. Six people were killed in riots calling for Mr. Cubas's ouster.

Rev. Jesse Jackson announced that he would not make a third attempt for the U.S. Democratic presidential nomination in 2000.

Law
An appellate committee of Great Britain's Law Lords ruled that the 1998 arrest of former Chilean President General Augusto Pinochet in England had been legal. The majority agreed that the international convention against torture applied to former heads of state.The issue of extradition to Spain remained unresolved.

Disasters
A Belgian truck carrying margarine and flour caught fire inside the Mont Blanc Tunnel; the resulting inferno killed 38 people.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
George Kell, 86. U.S. baseball player and broadcaster. Mr. Kell played third base with the Philadelphia Athletics (1943-1946); Detroit Tigers (1946-1952); Boston Red Sox (1952-1954); Chicago White Sox (1954-1956); and Baltimore Orioles (1956-1957), batting .306 with 78 home runs and 870 runs batted in in 1,795 games. He won the American League batting title in 1949, hitting .3429 to edge Boston's Ted Williams, who hit .3427. Mr. Kell led the AL in hits and doubles in both 1950 and 1951. He led AL third basemen in fielding percentage seven times, and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983. Mr. Kell broadcast major league games on television for CBS (1958) and the Tigers (1959-1963, 1965-1996). He died in his sleep.

Gábor Ocskay, 33. Hungarian hockey player. Mr. Ocskay was a centre with Alba Volán Székesfehérvár from 1993 until his death, and was named Hungarian Player of the Year in 1994, 1995, and 2006. He died of a heart attack three days after helping his team win its 10th Hungarian championship. Mr. Ocskay was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 2016.

Business
Petro-Canada and Suncor announced a friendly merger, pending shareholder and regulatory approvals. The new company would be Canada's largest oil-and-gas company and the last widely held Canadian integrated oil company on the Toronto Stock Exchange.