April 27, 2021

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Rod Crossley!

1,310 years ago
711

War
Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad landed at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).

500 years ago
1521

Died on this date
Ferdinand Magellan, 40-41(?). Portuguese explorer. Mr. Magellan reached the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia travelling east (1505-1511/1512). King Manuel I of Portugal refused to support his plan to reach India by a new route, but King Carlos I of Spain hired Mr. Magellan to search for a westward route to the Maluku (Spice) Islands. He led an expedition to accomplish the first circumnavigation of the Earth, leaving Seville in August 1519. Mr. Magellan and his party arrived in the Philippines on March 16, 1521, and he converted as many as 2,200 locals to Christianity. Lapulapu, the Datu (leader) of Mactan, resisted conversion, and Mr. Magellan sailed to the island. In the resulting battle, he was hit by a bamboo spear and finished off by other weapons. Juan Sebastián Elcano completed the circumnavigation after Mr. Magellan's death.

War
The forces of Lapulapu defeated a Spanish force fighting for Rajah Humabon of Cebu under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the Battle of Mactan, resulting in the death of Mr. Magellan and the departure of the Spanish crew from the archipelago.

230 years ago
1791

Born on this date
Samuel Morse. U.S. artist and inventor. Mr. Morse was a portrait painter before he became famous for inventing the most widely-used version of the telegraph, and co-inventing the Morse code method of telegraphy. He died on April 2, 1872, 25 days before his 81st birthday.

180 years ago
1841

Politics and government
Sir William McBean George Colebrooke is appointed Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, having previously been Lieutenant-Governor of the Leeward Islands and Antigua.

175 years ago
1846

Politics and government
John A. Macdonald (Conservative--Kingston) delivered his maiden speech in the Assembly of the Province of Canada, advocating a repeal of the usury laws.

160 years ago
1861

Abominations
U.S. President Abraham Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Sergei Prokoviev. Russian composer. Mr. Prokofiev, who had to put up with interference and restrictions imposed by Mr. Stalin's regime, wrote seven symphonies, five piano concertos, nine piano sonatas, and other compositions such as Peter and the Wolf and the score for the movie Alexander Nevsky (1938). He died on March 5, 1953 at the age of 61.

Politics and government
Frederick Peters was sworn in as Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Neil McLeod.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Wallace Carothers. U.S. chemist. Dr. Carothers taught at several universities before becoming a group leader of organic chemistry at the DuPont Experimental Station laboratory in Delaware. He was the leader of the project that was credited with the invention of nylon in 1935. Dr. Carothers suffered from depression through the 1930s, and committed suicide by drinking potassium cyanide on April 29, 1937, two days after his 41st birthday.

Rogers Hornsby. U.S. baseball player and manager. One of the greatest hitters in history, "Rajah" was a second baseman with the St. Louis Cardinals (1915-1926, 1933); New York Giants (1927); Boston Braves (1928); Chicago Cubs (1929-1932); and St. Louis Browns (1933-1937), batting .358 with 301 home runs and 1,584 runs batted in in 2,259 games. His career batting percentage is second only to Ty Cobb's .366. Mr. Hornsby won 6 straight National League batting titles with the Cardinals (1920-1925) and with the Braves in 1928. He also led the NL in home runs in 1922 and 1925. Mr. Hornsby was the manager of the Cardinals in 1925 and 1926, and managed the Giants and Braves while he played with them. He managed the Cubs from 1930-1932 and the Browns from 1933-1937. After years of playing and managing in the minor leagues, Mr. Hornsby returned to the Browns as manager in 1952, but was disliked by the players and fired by owner Bill Veeck in mid-season. Mr. Hornsby was then hired by the Cincinnati Reds, leading them through the end of the 1953 season. Mr. Hornsby compiled a record of 701-812 in 14 seasons as a majaor league manager, leading the Cardinals to their first World Series championship in 1926. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1942, and died of a heart attack at the age of 66 on January 5, 1963 after serving as third base coach for the legendarily-awful expansion New York Mets in 1962.

Died on this date
Henry Parkes, 80. U.K.-born Australian politician. Sir Henry emigrated from England to New South Wales in 1839, and worked as a labourer, civil servant and businessman before entering politics. A member of the N.S.W. Legislative Council (1854-1870, 1871-1892) as a member of the Free Trade Party, he served five terms as Premier of New South Wales (1872-1875, 1877, 1878-1883, 1887-1889, 1889-1891). Sir Henry delivered the Tenterfield Oration in 1889, calling for a federation of the six Australian colonies; Federation finally went into effect in 1901. Sir Henry didn't live to see it, as he died a month before his 81st birthday.

Politics and government
Sir Mackenzie Bowell resigned as Prime Minister of Canada due to cabinet infighting, calling his opponents in the Cabinet "a nest of traitors" when they withdrew support over his handling of the issue of allowing Roman Catholic schools in Manitoba. Sir Mackenzie was unable to deal with religious factions in the Conservative Party, and was succeeded as party leader and Prime Minister by Sir Charles Tupper, who had been recalled from his position as High Commissioner to Great Britain. John Costigan was appointed Minister of Marine; A. R. Angers as President of the Council; and L. O. Taillon as Postmaster-General.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Bruno Beger. German anthropologist and ethnologist. Mr. Beger worked for the SS think tank Ahnenerbe, participating in Ernst Schäfer's 1938–39 journey to Tibet, helping the Race and Settlement Office of the SS identify Jews, and later helping select human subjects to be killed to create an anatomical study collection of Jewish skeletons during World War II. In February 1948 he was exonerated by a denazification panel unaware of the skeletons, but after a decade-long investigation, was convicted in 1971 and served three years' probation for being an accomplice in the murder of 86 Jews. Mr. Beger died on October 12, 2009 at the age of 98.

Politics and government
Following the resignation of Senator William P. Frye (Republican--Maine), a compromise was reached to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the United States Senate.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Robert Dhéry. French actor, director, and screenwriter. Mr. Dhéry, born Robert Fourrey, had a stage and screen career spanning more than 45 years. He died on December 3, 2004 at the age of 83.

90 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Solitary Cyclist

80 years ago
1941

War
German troops entered Athens at 9:25 A.M. and hoisted the Nazi flag over the Acropolis; the last British Imperial forces defending the city had withdrawn from the Peloponnesus or evacuated to Egypt or Crete. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in a broadcast from London, hailed the extension of the U.S. neutrality patrol, declaring that now the "eventual defeat of Hitler and Mussolini is certain." He admitted the seriousness of the Allied defeat in Greece, and predicted a German attack on Russia or another country. U.S. Senator Burton K. Wheeler (Democrat--Montana), adressing 9,000 people at an America First Committee rallly in Chicago, charged that U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was preparing the nation for a declaration of war.

Defense
Former U.S. Ambassador to France William C. Bullitt told a United China Relief rally that the United States should aid China and the United Kingdom even at the cost of war.

Radio
General Electric Company announced that 1941-42 radio models would be virtually frozen and that the company's resources for research and development would be turned over to defense production.

Politics and government
The Communist Party of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Socialists, the left-wing Slovene Sokols (also known as "National Democrats") and a group of progressive intellectuals established the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation.

Baseball
Stockholders of the Boston Bees agreed to change the team's name back to Braves, the name it had had prior to 1936.

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I'm a Big Girl Now--Sammy Kaye & “Swing And Sway” Orchestra with Betty Barclay (Best Seller--1st week at #1); Oh! What it Seemed to Be--Frankie Carle and His Orchestra with Marjorie Hughes (Airplay--6th week at #1; Juke Box--7th week at #1; Honor Roll of Hits--8th week at #1)

Defense
The foreign ministers of the U.S.A., U.S.S.R., U.K., and France agreed at their conference in Paris on a strict limitation of the Italian fleet, with the U.K., U.S.S.R., U.S., Yugoslavia, and Greece sharing in the division of ships exceeding the limit. Icelandic Prime Minister Olafur Thors rejected an American bid for long-term leases of military bases there.

The U.S. Army Air Forces revealed the XB-35 flying wing bomber, with no fuselage, a wing span of 172 feet, and a range of over 10,000 miles.

Politics and government
Italy's strongest party, the Christian Democrats, voted at their congress in Rome in favour of a republic for Italy instead of a monarchy.

70 years ago
1951

On the radio
Hear it Now, hosted by Edward R. Murrow, on CBS

Tonight's program included news on the Communist offensive in Korea.

Defense
The U.S.A. and Denmark announced a new 20-year agreement on the defense of Greenland, leaving Denmark in control of Greenland's naval and air bases but permitting the United States and other Atlantic pact countries to use them. The U.S. could also station troops in Greenland and administer some vital districts jointly with the Danes.

Politics and governnment
Hussein Ala resigned as Prime Minister of Iran on the grounds that he lacked support n his efforts to promote a compromise between Iranians backing oil nationalization and British demands for protection.

Archaeology
University of Pennsylvania anthropologist Carleton Coon reported the discovery of evidence in Iran that true man lived as far back as 75,000 years ago.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Are You Sure--The Allisons

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Wooden Heart--Elvis Presley (6th week at #1)

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Death for Sale

At the movies
The Guns of Navarone, directed by J. Lee Thompson, and starring Gregory Peck, David Niven, and Anthony Quinn, received its premiere screening at the Odeon Leicester Square in London, with Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip among those in attendance.



Died on this date
Frank Gibson, 70. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Gibson was a catcher with the Detroit Tigers (1913) and Boston Braves (1921-1927), batting .274 with 8 home runs and 146 runs batted in in 471 games. He played at least 1,169 games in at least 14 seasons in the minor leagues (1911-1920, 1928-1931).

Roy Del Ruth, 67. U.S. film director, producer, and screenwriter. Mr. Del Ruth began his career as a writer for Mack Sennett's silent comedy films in 1915, and directed his first movie in 1919. His films included The Maltese Falcon (1931) and Blonde Crazy (1931). Mr. Del Ruth died of a heart attack.

Space
The U.S.A. launched Explorer 11, a satellite that orbited a special telescope for mapping gamma rays from cosmic sources, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Africana
Sierra Leone became an independent nation after more than 150 years of British colonial rule.

Journalism
U.S. President John F. Kennedy spoke about the issues of information and secrecy in government in an address to the American Newspaper Publishers Association.



Baseball
The Cincinnati Reds traded catcher Ed Bailey to the San Francisco Giants for second baseman Don Blasingame, catcher Bob Schmidt, and a player to be named later; pitcher Sherman Jones was sent to the Reds on May 13 to complete the deal. Mr. Bailey was batting .302 with no home runs and 2 runs batted in in 12 games with Cincinnati in 1961; Mr. Schmidt was hitting .167 (1 for 6) with no homers and 1 RBI in 2 games with San Francisco, while Mr. Blasingame was 0 for 1 with 2 bases on balls and no RBIs in 3 games.

Only 11,931 were in attendance at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles for the first home game of the Los Angeles Angels of the American League. The Angels lost 4-2 to the Minnesota Twins, who were led by the pitching of Camilo Pascual (2-0). Detroit Tigers’ legend Ty Cobb threw out the first ball; it was his last appearance at a ballpark.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): (I Never Promised You a) Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson (3rd week at #1)

Politics and government
Park Chung-hee, the Democratic Republican candidate, was re-elected to a third four-year term as President of South Korea, taking 53.2% of the vote to 45.3% for New Democratic candidate Kim Dae-jung. It was the last contested presidential election in South Korea until 1981.

Protest
More than 40 people were forcibly removed from a courtrooom in Carmarthen, Wales after they disrupted preliminary hearings of eight members of the Welsh Language Society who were facing vandalism charges.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Semi-Finals
Minnesota 1 @ Montreal 6 (Montreal led best-of-seven series 3-2)
New York 2 @ Chicago 3 (OT) (Chicago led best-of-seven series 3-2)

Jean Beliveau picked up 3 assists in the 3rd period of the Canadiens’ win over the North Stars at the Montreal Forum, giving him a record total of 94 career assists in Stanley Cup play, 3 more than Gordie Howe.

Bobby Hull scored the winning goal for the Black Hawks at 6:35 of the 1st overtime period against the Rangers at Chicago Stadium.



Baseball
Curt Flood, who had attempted a comeback after sitting out the 1970 season while challenging the legality of the reserve clause in baseball contracts, quit the Washington Senators after just 13 games (batting .200) and departed for Denmark.

Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hit his 600th career major league home run, but the Braves lost 6-5 to the San Francisco Giants when Willie Mays, another member of the 600-homer club, singled home Hal Lanier with the winning run with 2 out in the top of the 10th inning before 13,494 fans at Atlanta Stadium. Mr. Mays finished the game batting 4 for 6 with a double, run, and 2 runs batted in.

The Los Angeles Dodgers scored 4 runs in the 7th inning and 3 in the 8th as they defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates 7-5 before 6,518 fans at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh. Richie Hebner hit his first home run of the season as a pinch hitter for the Pirates in the 8th inning, and Pittsburgh left fielder Willie Stargell homered with 1 out in the 9th, setting a major league record with his 11th home run in the month of April.

Felipe Alou singled home Roy White from third base with 1 out in the bottom of the 12th inning to give the New York Yankees a 6-5 win over the Chicago White Sox before 7,009 fans at Yankee Stadium.

Pinch hitter John Stephenson scored Alex Johnson with a sacrifice fly to tie the score and Ken McMullen followed with a single to drive home Tony Conigliaro with the winning run as the California Angels scored 2 runs in the bottom of the 9th inning to defeat the Cleveland Indians 2-1 before 6,692 fans at Anaheim Stadium. Cleveland starting pitcher Ray Lamb allowed just 3 hits through 8.1 innings, but was relieved by Camilo Pascual (1-2) after Alex Johnson singled. Mr. Pascual gave up a double to Mr. Conigliaro and was then relieved by Steve Mingori. Ken Harrelson hit a home run for the Indians to lead off the 2nd inning; it was the only run off Andy Messersmith, who allowed 5 hits in 8 innings before being relieved by Lloyd Allen (2-0).

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): 9 to 5 (Morning Train)--Sheena Easton

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Ruby no Yubiwa--Akira Terao (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Johnny & Mary--Robert Palmer (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre

Technology
Xerox PARC introduced the computer mouse.

Baseball
Rookie pitcher Fernando Valenzuela (5-0) pitched his fourth shutout of the season to lead the Los Angeles Dodgers to a 5-0 win over the San Francisco Giants before 49,478 fans at Dodger Stadium. The 7-hitter lowered Mr. Valenzuela’s earned run average to 0.20. He also batted 3 for 4 with a run and a run batted in.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Joyride--Roxette (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Se Stiamo Insieme--Riccardo Cocciante (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): The Grease Megamix--John Travolta & Olivia Newton-John (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Joyride--Roxette (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Joyride--Roxette (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Désenchantée--Mylène Farmer

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): The One and Only--Chesney Hawkes (5th week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.
2 Joyride--Roxette
3 One More Try--Timmy T
4 You--Ten Sharp
5 Unfinished Sympathy--Massive
6 Should I Stay or Should I Go--The Clash
7 Let There Be Love--Simple Minds
8 Mega Mix--Snap!
9 Always on the Run--Lenny Kravitz
10 Highwire--Rolling Stones

Singles entering the chart were Cowboys and Angels by George Michael (#26); How to Dance by Bingoboys featuring Princessa (#31); Wind of Change by the Scorpions (#33); Vergeet M'n Naam by Corry Konings (#34); Grease: The Dream Mix by Frankie Valli, John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John (#37); and Se Stiamo Insieme by Riccardo Cocciante (#39).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Baby Baby--Amy Grant
2 Joyride--Roxette
3 You're in Love--Wilson Phillips
4 I Like the Way (The Kissing Game)--Hi-Five
5 Here We Go--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams and Zelma Davis
6 I've Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat
7 Cry for Help--Rick Astley
8 Touch Me (All Night Long)--Cathy Dennis
9 I Touch Myself--Divinyls
10 Hold You Tight--Tara Kemp

Singles entering the chart were Playground by Another Bad Creation (#66); New Jack Hustler (Nino's Theme) by Ice-T (#78); Never Gonna Let You Down by Surface (#88); I Don't Want to Lose Your Love by B Angie B (#91); Good Heart by Starship (#93); and Does Anybody Really Fall in Love Anymore? by Kane Roberts (#95). New Jack Hustler (Nino's Theme) was from the movie New Jack City (1991).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Baby Baby--Amy Grant (2nd week at #1)
2 I’ve Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat
3 Joyride--Roxette
4 Hold You Tight--Tara Kemp
5 You’re in Love--Wilson Phillips
6 Sadeness (Part 1)--Enigma
7 Rhythm of My Heart--Rod Stewart
8 Cry for Help--Rick Astley
9 Here We Go--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams and Zelma Davis
10 Touch Me (All Night Long)--Cathy Dennis

Singles entering the chart were Couple Days Off by Huey Lewis and the News (#48) and Power of Love/Love Power by Luther Vandross (#75); Does Anybody Really Fall in Love Anymore? by Kane Roberts (#88); and Backyard by Pebbles (with Salt-N-Pepa) (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 I’ve Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat
2 Joyride--Roxette
3 You’re in Love--Wilson Phillips
4 Rhythm of My Heart--Rod Stewart
5 Cry for Help--Rick Astley
6 Mercy Mercy Me/I Want You--Robert Palmer
7 Baby Baby--Amy Grant
8 Coming Out of the Dark--Gloria Estefan
9 Animal Heart--Glass Tiger
10 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.

Singles entering the chart were Couple Days Off by Huey Lewis and the News (#68); Love is a Wonderful Thing by Michael Bolton (#70); Miracle by Whitney Houston (#76); Payin’ the Cost to Be the Boss by Pat Benatar (#81); Unbelievable by EMF (#85); I Touch Myself by Divinyls (#92); and Laying Down the Law by the Law (#94).

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Division Finals
Boston 2 @ Montreal 3 (OT) (Best-of-seven series tied 3-3)

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): How Bizarre--OMC (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): Con te partirò--Andrea Bocelli (9th week at #1)

#1 single in Wallonia (Ultratop 40): Soirée disco--Boris (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Children--Robert Miles (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Hava Naquila--Party Animals

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Return of the Mack--Mark Morrison (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Because You Loved Me--Céline Dion (6th week at #1)
2 Always Be My Baby--Mariah Carey
3 Nobody Knows--The Tony Rich Project
4 Ironic--Alanis Morissette
5 1,2,3,4 (Sumpin' New)--Coolio
6 Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)--R. Kelly featuring Ronald Isley
7 You're the One--SWV
8 Woo-Hah!! Got You All in Check/Everything Remains Raw--Busta Rhymes
9 Count on Me--Whitney Houston & CeCe Winans
10 Sittin' Up in My Room--Brandy

Singles entering the chart were Old Man & Me (When I Get to Heaven) by Hootie & the Blowfish (#28); Tres Delinquentes by Delinquent Habits (#76); Feel the Music by Planet Soul featuring Brenda Dee (#78); Scarred by Luke (#80); Live and Die for Hip Hop by Kris Kross (#82); Mr. Ice Cream Man by Master P (#90); No More Games by Skin Deep featuring Li'l Kim of Junior M.A.F.I.A. (#92); and My Maria by Brooks & Dunn (#96). Scarred was from the movie Eddie (1996).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Because You Loved Me--Céline Dion (2nd week at #1)
2 Always Be My Baby--Mariah Carey
3 Ironic--Alanis Morissette
4 Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)--R. Kelly (featuring Ronald Isley and Ernie Isley)
5 1,2,3,4 (Sumpin' New)--Coolio
6 Doin' It--LL Cool J
7 Woo-Hah!! (Got You All in Check)--Busta Rhymes
8 Nobody Knows--The Tony Rich Project
9 You're the One--SWV
10 Count on Me--Whitney Houston and CeCe Winans

Singles entering the chart were You're the One; Chains by Tina Arena (#47); Kissin' You by Total (#48); and I Don't Wanna Be Alone by Shai (#72).

Died on this date
Gilles Grangier, 84. French film director and screenwriter. Mr. Grangier directed 55 movies and several television series from 1943-1985. He died eight days before his 85th birthday.

William Colby, 76. U.S. intelligence officer. Mr. Colby was Director of Central Intelligence from 1973-1976. He was Director during a perios of relative openness and reform of the Central Intelligence Agency. Mr. Colby was replaced by future President George H.W. Bush on January 30, 1976, and retired to a private law practice. He died while on a solo canoe trip near his Maryland home; his body was found face-down on a sandbar on May 6. The death was ruled accidental, with the coroner ruling that Mr. Colby was a good candidate for a heart attack, but there were suspicions of foul play or suicide.

War
Operation Grapes of Wrath, the campaign by the Israeli Defense Forces in Lebanon against Hezbollah terrorists, ended after 16 days.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Conference Quarter-Finals
Philadelphia 6 @ Tampa Bay 1 (Philadelphia won best-of-seven series 4-2)
Boston 3 @ Florida 4 (Florida won best-of-seven series 4-1)
Toronto 1 @ St. Louis 2 (St. Louis won best-of-seven series 4-2)
Colorado 3 @ Vancouver 2 (Colorado won best-of-seven series 4-2)

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Marian Mercer, 75. U.S. actress and singer. Miss Mercer appeared in plays from the 1950s through the '70s, winning a Tony Award for her featured performance in the musical Promises, Promises (1968). She appeared in numerous television programs from 1972-2000, and died of Alzheimer's disease.

Politics and government
U.S. President Barack Obama produced a detailed Hawaii birth certificate in an extraordinary attempt to bury the issue of where he was born.

Disasters
More than 120 tornadoes raked the Southern and Midwestern United States, resulting in 316 deaths and hundreds of people injured across parts of Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia.