October 20, 2021

410 years ago
1611

Exploration
Henry Hudson's mutineers on board the Discovery reached London in a half-starved condition, four months after setting Mr. Hudson, his son, and seven others adrift in Hudson Bay. The five ringleaders of the mutiny, including Robert Juet had died; Messrs. Bylot, Syms, Edward Wilson, Prickett, Matheus, Bond, Clements, and Motter were questioned, and a recommendation made that they be hanged. The trial did not take place until 1618, and the Admiralty court found the survivors not guilty.

310 years ago
1711

Born on this date
Timothy Ruggles. American politician and jurist. Mr. Ruggles represented Hardwick in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1754, 1757, 1761-1765, 1769, 1770), serving as Speaker of the House (1762-1774). He was a Judge (1757-1762) and Chief Justice (1762-1774) of the Massachusetts Bay Court of Common Pleas. Chief Justice Ruggles was president of the Stamp Act Congress (1765), but was censured by the General Court when he refused to sign both the Declaration of Rights and Grievances sent by the Congress to King George III and the accompanying petitions sent to both British Houses of Parliament. Mr. Ruggles then became one of New England's leading Tories, and sided with the Loyalists during the American Revolution, eventually settling in Wilmot, Nova Scotia, where he died on August 4, 1795 at the age of 83 after a period of declining health.

240 years ago
1781

Religion
Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II of Austria issued the Patent of Toleration, extending limited freedom of worship to non-Roman Catholics--including Lutherans, Calvinist, and Greek Orthodox--in lands under the Habsburg monarchy. Jews were free to enter all branches of commerce, and were allowed to attend state secondary schools.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Samuel Flagg Bemis. U.S. historian. Dr. Bemis, a specialist in American diplomatic history, began teaching in 1917, and taught at Yale University from 1935 until his retirement in 1960. He served as President of the American Historical Association in 1961. Dr. Bemis won the Pulitzer Prize for History for Pinckney's Treaty: America's Advantage from Europe's Distress, 1783–1800 (1926), and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (1949), the first in a two-volume biography. He also wrote The American Secretaries of State and their Diplomacy, which appeared in 18 volumes (1927-1972). Dr. Bemis died on September 26, 1973, 24 days before his 82nd birthday.

James Chadwick. U.K. physicist. Sir James was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the neutron." He headed the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project atomic bomb development program during World War II. Sir James died on July 24, 1974 at the age of 82.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Frank Churchill. U.S. composer and songwriter. Mr. Churchill was a pianist in cinemas and on radio before joining Walt Disney studios in 1930, composing scores and songs for animated short and feature films, including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and Bambi (1942). He and Oliver Wallace shared the Academy Award for Scoring of a Musical Picture for Dumbo (1941). Mr. Churchill was a heavy drinker who committed suicide by shooting himself at the age of 40 on May 14, 1942.

110 years ago
1911

Baseball
World Series
New York Giants @ Philadelphia Athletics (postponed, rain) (Philadelphia led best-of-seven series 2-1)

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Manny Ayulo. U.S. auto racing driver. Mr. Ayulo raced in the AAA Championship Car circuit from 1948-1955, winning two races--Darlington and Milwaukee, both in 1955--and recording 20 other top 10 finishes, including the 1951 Indianapolis 500, in which he drove the last half of the race in relief of Jack McGrath and finished third, with both drivers receiving credit. Mr. Ayulo died on May 17, 1955 at the age of 33, less than 24 hours after crashing into a retaining wall while practicing for the Indianapolis 500; he wasn't wearing a seat belt, and his pockets were filled with wrenches.

90 years ago
1931

Baseball
Frankie Frisch of the St. Louis Cardinals, who had batted .313 and had led the National League in stolen bases with 28, was named the NL's Most Valuable Player for 1931.

80 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Karl Hotz, 64. German military officer. Dr. Hotz was a civil engineer who was a reserve officer in World War I, and an oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) as feldkommandant (field commander) of occupation forces in Nantes, known for his lenient treatment of French resisters. After Germany invaded Russia in June 1941 in violation of the 1939 non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, the Comintern ordered the French Communist Party to form a National Front, which began carrying out assassinations of German officials. Oberstleutnant Hotz and his adjutant Dr. Wilhelm Sieger, left the Hotel Central in Nantes to go to the local command at Place St. Pierre when two assailants fired shots at them. Oberstleutnant Hotz was fatally shot, while Dr. Sieger attempted to pursue the assassins, who successfully escaped.

War
German armoured spearheads were within 40 miles of Moscow; the Soviet government set up a temporary capital at Kuibyshev on the Volga Rivber, 540 miles southeast of Moscow.

Abominations
Several thousand men and boys in Kragujevac, Serbia were massacred by Nazi German soldiers.

Defense
The new Panamanian government of President Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia revoked the decree which banned the arming of merchant ships sailing under Panamanian registry.

U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull infomed the Peruvian ambassador that Peru would be given "full and immediate compensation" for 18 Douglas bomber planes seized in New York.

Literature
The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano urged Italians not to read "Russian, Hungarian, English, American and French novels" because they were immoral and led to sensuality and decadence.

Economics and finance
U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau announced that the government had advanced $30 million to the U.S.S.R. against future gold deliveries to help pay for war materials bought in the United States.

The U.S. Office of Production Management priorities division issued an order curtailing the use of copper in more than 100 specific civilian articles by 40% for the rest of 1941 and entirely prohibiting it after January 1, 1942.

75 years ago
1946

Diplomacy
The National Conference on China and the Far East, representing 300 foreign affairs groups, ended a meeting in San Francisco after passing resolutions urging the withdrawal of U.S. troops from China and the Philippines; termination of U.S. aid to the Nationalist Chinese government; and greater emphasis on the establishment of democratic governments in the Far East.

Defense
The U.S.S.R. newspaper Pravda charged that Turkey's rejection of a Soviet request for joint defense of the Dardanelles resulted from U.S. pressure.

Politics and government
Berlin's first post-World War II city council elections resulted in a large victory for the Social Democrats over the Christian Democrats and Socialist Unity Party.

Religion
August Cardinal Hlond of Poland issued a pastoral letter criticizing the country's Communist government and urging Catholics to support the conservative Peasant Party in coming elections.

Protest
72 U.S. war veterans ended a 23-hour sit-down strike in the New York Stae Senate chamber after unsuccessfully demanding a special legislative session to appropriate $800 million for housing.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Ottawa (4-3-2) 15 @ Montreal (5-2-2) 25

NFL
Los Angeles (1-1-1) 28 @ Chicago Bears (2-0-1) 28
Chicago Cardinals (2-2) 36 @ Detroit (0-3) 14
New York (2-1) 14 @ Washington (2-0-1) 24
Green Bay (1-2) 19 @ Philadelphia (2-1) 7
Boston (0-3) 7 @ Pittsburgh (2-1-1) 16

AAFC
Los Angeles (3-2-1) 14 @ Cleveland (7-0) 31

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Too Young--Nat "King" Cole; Toni Arden (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Because of You--Tony Bennett (Best Seller--7th week at #1; Disc Jockey--5th week at #1; Jukebox--4th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Because of You--Tony Bennett (7th week at #1)
--Les Baxter and his Orchestra
2 I Get Ideas--Tony Martin
--Louis Armstrong
3 Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett
4 The Loveliest Night of the Year--Mario Lanza
5 (It's No) Sin--The Four Aces
--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
6 The World is Waiting for the Sunrise--Les Paul and Mary Ford
7 Come On-A My House--Rosemary Clooney
--Kay Starr
8 Sweet Violets--Dinah Shore
9 Whispering--Les Paul
10 And So to Sleep Again--Patti Page

Singles entering the chart were Rollin' Stone (#25)/With All My Heart and Soul (#33) by Perry Como; Bela Bimba by Patrice Munsel (#40); and Gambella (The Gamblin' Lady) by Jo Stafford and Frankie Laine (#41).

On the radio
Mr. Moto, starring James Monks, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Dry Martini

This was the last episode of the series, which had begun airing on May 20.

On television tonight
Sherlock Holmes, starring Alan Wheatley and Raymond Francis, on BBC
Tonight's episode: The Empty House

This was the first of six episodes of the first Sherlock Holmes series ever made for television. Unfortunately, none of the half-hour episodes are known to still exist.

War
U.S. 8th Army sources in Seoul claimed that battlefield casualties had so weakened the Communists that they no longer employed "human sea" attacks.

Defense
The U.S. 43rd Infantry Division, the first National Guard unit sent to Europe in peacetime, began arriving in Bremerhaven, West Germany.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Harry Truman nominated General Mark Clark, an Episcopalian, as the first U.S. Ambassador to "the state of Vatican City."

Economics and finance
U.S. President Truman signed a $5.69-billion-per-year tax increase bill which would raise taxes for most individuals 11.75%.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Ottawa (6-4) 32 @ Hamilton (6-4) 16
Montreal (2-7) 11 @ Toronto (5-4) 35

WIFU
Saskatchewan (8-6) 13 @ Winnipeg (8-6) 19
Edmonton (8-6) 25 @ Calgary (4-10) 26

The three-way tie in points in the WIFU was settled according to the teams' records against one another. Saskatchewan was awarded first place, with a bye into the best-of-three finals. Edmonton took second place, hosting a sudden-death semi-final against Winnipeg a week later.

NCAA
Wilbanks Smith, a defensive tackle with the Oklahoma A&M University Aggies, delivered several deliberate blows to the face of Drake University Bulldogs' fullback Johnny Bright during the early minutes of a football game at Stillwater, Oklahoma. The third blow broke Mr. Bright's jaw, although he was able to complete a 61-yard touchdown pass a few plays later. He was forced to leave the game shortly after, and Oklahoma A&M won the game 27-14. The attacks, according to comments from Aggies' players in post-game interviews, were racially-motivated and encouraged by the Aggies' coaching staff; Mr. Bright was a Negro, and was the first Negro player to play for a visiting team in Stillwater. A series of photographs of the incident were published in Life magazine and won a Pulitzer Prize.





Baseball
Led by former major league star Lefty O'Doul, a team of current major league stars departed the United States for a tour of Japan. Joe DiMaggio, who had recently concluded his brilliant career with the New York Yankees, was part of the team.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Walkin' Back to Happiness--Helen Shapiro (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Mirror, starring Peter Falk

Defense
The U.S.S.R. launched an R-13 missile from a Golf class submarine; it was the first armed test of a ballistic missile launched from a submarine.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Maggie May--Rod Stewart (4th week at #1)

On television tonight
Rod Serling's Night Gallery, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Phantom Farmhouse, starring David McCallum, Linda Marsh, and David Carradine; Silent Snow, Secret Snow, starring Radames Pera and Lonny Chapman (narrated by Orson Welles)

Economics and finance
The Nepal Stock Exchange collapsed.

40 years ago
1981

Crime
Two police officers and a Brink's armoured car guard were killed during an armed robbery in Nanuet, New York carried out by members of the Black Liberation Army and Weather Underground.

Baseball
World Series
Los Angeles Dodgers 3 @ New York Yankees 5 (New York led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Bob Watson hit a 3-run home run off losing pitcher Jerry Reuss (0-1) in the bottom of the 1st inning, and the Yankees withstood a 2-run Dodger rally in the top of the 8th to win before 56,470 fans at Yankee Stadium. Ron Guidry (1-0) allowed 4 hits and 1 run--earned--in 7 innings to get the win (see video).

Nippon Series
Yomiuri Giants 2 @ Nippon-Ham Fighters 3 (Nippon-Ham led best-of-seven series 2-1)

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Set Adrift on Memory Bliss--PM Dawn

#1 single in Switzerland: (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (12th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (4th week at #1)
2 Do the Limbo Dance--David Hasselhoff
3 Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')--Kate Yanai
4 Any Dream Will Do--Jason Donovan
5 Wind of Change--Scorpions
6 Sailing on the Seven Seas--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)
7 Love and Understanding--Cher
8 Keep Your Love Alive--Bilgeri
9 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.
10 Pandora's Box--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)

Singles entering the chart were Something Got Me Started by Simply Red (#16); Déjà vu by Blue System (#20); You Really Got Me by Gina T. (#23); and Ich bin müde by Boris Bukowski (#30).

Disasters
More than 1,000 people were killed when an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck the Uttarkashi region of India.

A firestorm near Oakland, California killed 25 people and destroyed 3,469 homes and apartments, causing more than $2 billion in damage.

Auto racing
Ayrton Senna of Brazil clinched the Formula One world driving championship for the third time when he finished in second place at the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka Circuit. Nigel Mansell of the United Kingdom, his closest competitor in the overall standings, spun off the track after 9 laps. Gerhard Berger of Austria won the race, with Riccardo Patrese of Italy finishing third (see video).

Football
CFL
Calgary (10-6) 27 @ Toronto (11-5) 34

Rocket Ismail returned a punt 69 yards for a touchdown with less than 2 minutes remaining in regulation time to give the Argonauts their win before 33,590 fans at SkyDome, clinching first place in the East Division for Toronto. Fullback Mark Brus dressed for the Argonauts in his only game in a Toronto uniform.



Ottawa (6-10) 28 @ Saskatchewan (6-10) 41

Lucius Floyd rushed for 113 yards--including a 25-yard touchdown--and caught a 20-yard touchdown pass to help the Roughriders beat the Rough Riders before 19,478 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. The Saskatchewan defense forced 6 Ottawa turnovers and made 5 quarterback sacks.

British Columbia (10-6) 39 @ Edmonton (10-6) 38 (OT)

A poor decision by Edmonton head coach Ron Lancaster led to the Eskimos' loss to the Lions on a sunny Sunday afternoon before 30,472 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. B.C. quarterback Doug Flutie had moved the team better against the wind than with the wind during regulation time, and the game was tied 38-38 after 60 minutes, with overtime consisting of two 5-minute halves. The Eskimos won the coin toss, but Mr. Lancaster elected to have B.C. take possession against the wind in the second half. The first half of overtime was scoreless, and when the Lions took possession to begin the second half of overtime, they used up the entire clock in moving into possession for Lui Passaglia to kick a single point on the last play to win the game. The most exciting play of regulation time was a punt return for a touchdown by Henry "Gizmo" Williams of the Eskimos. It was his fifth punt return touchdown of the season, a CFL record. Edmonton fullback Blake Marshall set a club record with his 20th touchdown of the season, but later suffered a knee injury that put him out of action for the final 2 games of the regular season. Edmonton slotback Craig Ellis extended his streak of consecutive games with at least one pass reception to 100.



Baseball
World Series
Atlanta Braves 2 @ Minnesota Twins 3 (Minnesota led best-of-seven series 2-0)

Chili Davis hit a 2-run home run in the bottom of the 1st inning to give the Twins a 2-0 lead before 55,145 fans at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, but the Braves scored single runs in the 2nd and 5th to tie the game. Minnesota third baseman Scott Leius hit a home run leading off the 8th to give the Twins the lead, which they held. Kevin Tapani pitched 8 innings to get credit for the win, while Rick Aguilera got the save. Tom Glavine pitched a complete game in taking the loss.



Nippon Series
Hiroshima Toyo Carp 4 @ Seibu Lions 2 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): What's Love Got to Do with It--Warren G featuring Adina Howard

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Break My Stride--Unique II (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Salva Mea--Faithless

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): Say You'll Be There--Spice Girls

Hockey
NHL
New York Rangers 2 @ Tampa Bay 5

This was the first game at the Ice Palace in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Football
CFL
Toronto (13-3) 24 @ Edmonton (10-7) 17

Doug Flutie completed a 4-yard touchdown pass to Robert Drummond with 4:25 remaning in regulation time to break a 17-17 tie and give the Argonauts their win over the Eskimos before 27,576 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. Mr. Drummond rushed for 77 yards.



Baseball
World Series
Atlanta Braves 12 @ New York Yankees 1 (Atlanta led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Andruw Jones, 19, became the youngest player in World Series history to hit a home run, as he homered in each of the 2nd and 3rd innings to help the Braves rout the Yankees before 56,365 fans in the first World Series game at Yankee Stadium since 1981.



Nippon Series
Orix BlueWave 2 @ Yomiuri Giants 0 (Orix led best-of-seven series 2-0)

Willie Fraser (1-0) allowed 2 hits in 6+ innings and three relief pitchers held the Giants hitless over the final 3 innings as the BlueWave shut out the Giants before 45,086 fans at the Tokyo Dome. Hiromi Makihara (0–1) and four relievers allowed just 6 hits.

10 years ago
2001

Football
CFL
Montreal (9-7) 9 @ Calgary (7-9-0-1) 29



Winnipeg (14-2) 26 @ British Columbia (6-9) 18

Baseball
American League Championship Series
Seattle 14 @ New York 3 (New York led best-of-seven series 2-1)

The Mariners trailed 2-0 after the 1st inning on a 2-run home run by Bernie Williams, but scored 2 runs in the 5th, 7 in the 6th, 2 more in the 7th, 1 in the 8th, and 2 in the 9th before 56,517 fans at Yankee Stadium. Bret Boone led the Seattle attack, batting 3 for 5 with a home run and 5 runs batted in. Jamie Moyer (1-0) was the winning pitcher over Orlando Hernandez (0-1).





National League Championship Series
Arizona 11 @ Atlanta 4 (Arizona led best-of-seven series 3-1)

The Braves scored single runs in each of the first 2 innings, but the Diamondbacks scored 4 in the top of the 3rd inning and 2 more in the 4th to cruise to victory at Turner Field. Brian Anderson, the second of six Arizona pitchers, was the winning pitcher over Greg Maddux (0-2).



Nippon Series
Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes 0 @ Yakult Swallows 7 (Yakult led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Kazuhisa Ishii (1-0) allowed no hits through 6.1 innings, eventually settling for a 4-hitter, striking out 12 batters and walking 4, as the Swallows shut out the Buffaloes before 33,837 fans at the Osaka Dome.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr, 71 (?). Libyan politician. Mr. Jabr was one of the Army officers who overthrew King Idris in 1969, and served as Minister of Defense in the government of Muammar Gaddafi and head of the Libyan Army from 1970 until his death at the end of the Battle of Sirte. Mr. Jabr was with Colonel Gaddafi seeking refuge in a drainage ditch, and was killed by an exploding grenade.

Muammar Gaddafi, 69 (?). Libyan dictator, 1969-2011. Colonel Gaddafi joined the Army in 1963, and seized power in a military coup that toppled the monarchy in 1969. He ruled as a dictator with a cult of personality, governing according to what he called the Third International Theory, drawing its inspiration from Islamic socialism, Arab nationalism, African nationalism, and direct democracy. Col. Gaddafi was regarded as an international terrorist, responsible for incidents such as the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, with the loss of 270 lives. The United States bombed his country in 1986, and the United Nations imposed sanctions on Libya. Col. Gaddafi began to seek improved relations with Western and other nations from 1999 on, while modernizing his country. A civil war erupted in northern Libya in February 2011; Col. Gaddafi and those loyal to him fled to the city of Sirte. Col. Gaddafi was captured by National Transition Council (NTC) forces, beaten, and shot several times.

Mutassim Gaddafi, 36. Libyan military officer and adviser. Lieutenant Colonel Gaddafi, the fourth son of Muammar Gaddafi, became Libya's National Security Adviser in 2008, and commanded Army units in the Brega region in the Libyan Civil War in 2011, and was commanding loyalist forces in the Battle of Sirte when he was captured, tortured, and killed by NTC forces.

War
The five-week Battle of Sirte in Libya concluded with National Liberation Army forces defeating Libyan Army forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi. In addition to Col. Gaddafi, his son Mutassim, and Mr. Jabr, 53 pro-Gaddafi fighters were executed.

Baseball
World Series
Texas Rangers 2 @ St. Louis Cardinals 1 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

Josh Hamilton and Michael Young hit consecutive sacrifice flies for the Rangers as they rallied for 2 runs in the top of the 9th inning to edge the Cardinals before 47,288 fans at Busch Stadium.