March 26, 2021

990 years ago
1031

Born on this date
Malcolm III. King of Scots, 1058-1093. Malcolm III, a son of Duncan I, killed Macbeth and then Macbeth's stepson Lulach to take the throne. He fought battles against England, and was killed at the age of 62 on November 13, 1093 in the Battle of Alnwick, along with his eldest son Edward. King Malcolm's wife Margaret died nine days later, reportedly from sorrow for him. King Malcolm III was succeeded by Donald III.

670 years ago
1351

War
In what was later celebrated as a noble display of the ideals of chivalry, 30 knights and squires each from France and England fought at Guillac to determine who would rule the Duchy of Brittany. The Franco-Breton force won.

370 years ago
1651

Disasters
The silver-loaded Spanish ship San José was pushed south by strong winds; it was subsequently wrecked in the coast of southern Chile, and its surviving crew was killed by indigenous Cuncos.

150 years ago
1871

Politics and government
The elections of the Commune council of the Paris Commune were held.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Guccio Gucci. Italian fashion designer. Mr. Gucci founded the House of Gucci in Florence in 1921, expanding to Rome in 1938, Milan in 1951, and New York in 1952. Mr. Gucci died on January 2, 1953 at the age of 71; his five sons grew and diversified the firm internationally.

125 years ago
1896

Disasters
A gas explosion in the Brunner Mine, a coal mine on the west coast of New Zealand, killed 65 miners; it remains the worst mining disaster in the country's history.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Tennessee Williams. U.S. playwright. Mr. Williams was one of the best-known playwrights of the 20th century. A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) andCat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955) each won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The Rose Tattoo (1951) won the Tony for Best Play, and The Glass Menagerie (1944) and The Night of the Iguana (1961) each won awards from the New York Drama Critics' Circle. Many of his works, including all of those mentioned above, were made into movies. These included Summer and Smoke; Suddenly, Last Summer; Sweet Bird of Youth; Period of Adjustment; and Orpheus Descending (released on film as The Fugitive Kind). Mr. Williams wrote the screenplay for Baby Doll (1956), and his novella The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone was made into a movie in 1961. Mr. Williams went into a long decline after the early 1960s, and was never able to recapture his earlier success. For example, The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore (1963) closed after just 69 performances on Broadway, and a reworked version a year later lasted just 5 performances. The movie version, titled Boom!, was one of the biggest critical and box office flops of 1968. Mr. Williams died from choking on a plastic bottle cap in his room at the Hotel Elysee in New York on February 25, 1983 at the age of 71. He was apparently in the habit of putting the cap in his mouth while he tilted his head back to put drops in his eyes.

Bernard Katz. German-born U.K. biophysicist. Dr. Katz shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler for his work in nerve biochemistry. He died on April 20, 2003 at the age of 92.

100 years ago
1921

At the movies
A Girl of the Bush, written, photographed, produced, and directed by Franklyn Barrett, and starring Vera James, Jack Martin, and Herbert Linden, opened in theatres in Australia.



Transportation
Smith & Rhuland launched the 40-metre-long schooner Bluenose in Lunenberg, Nova Scotia; built at a cost of $35,000, it was designed by William J. Roue of Halifax, for both fishing and racing.

90 years ago
1931

Music
Ernest MacMillan opened the Eaton Auditorium concert hall, located on the top floor of Eaton's College Street store in Toronto. Mr. Macmillan was at the organ and directed a concert recital by soprano Florence Austral and flutist John Amadio.

Transportation
Swissair was founded as the national airline of Switzerland.

Politics and government
The Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union was founded in Vietnam.

80 years ago
1941

At the movies
I Wanted Wings, directed by Mitchell Leisen, and starring Ray Milland, William Holden, Wayne Morris, and Brian Donlevy, received its premiere screening in New York City.



War
World Zionist Organization President Dr. Chaim Weizmann urged the British government to permit Jews in Palestine to form their own army "for service against the common enemy of mankind."

Diplomacy
Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka arrived in Berlin.

Defense
U.S. Army Colonel William J. Donovan declared that the United States must now consider the question of convoying war shipments to the United Kingdom. 1940 Republican Party U.S. presidential candidate Wendell Willkie addressed the opening of the United China Relief drive in New York, and said that the United States must help China because "she is standing up against an aggressor."

Protest
Riots began in Yugoslavian cities in protest against the government's signing of the Tripartite Act, bringing Yugoslavia into the Axis. British radio broadcasted an appeal to Yugoslavs resist "the betrayal of your honour and independence." French Army General Henri Dentz imposed martial law in several Syrian cities after two days of riots caused by food shortages and nationalist agitation.

Labour
U.S. Office of Production Management Chairman William Knudsen and Navy Secretary Frank Knox told the machinery firm Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company "to notify your entire work force to report for work and start operations immediately." International Harvester Company rejected a Congress of Industrial Orgznizations proposal to have the National Defense Mediation Board settle the strike at the Chicago-McCormick works.

Oil
The Bolivian Senate passed a resolution authorizing the government to seek an agreement with Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) regarding its confiscated properties.

Disasters
Two officers and 17 enlisted men were killed when the Royal Canadian Navy armed yacht HMCS Otter was destroyed by an accidental explosion and fire off Halifax.

75 years ago
1946

War
Testifying at the war crimes trial in Nuremberg of former German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, defense witness Adolf von Steengracht said that Mr. Ribbentrop was a "powerless puppet" of German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler.

Diplomacy
The United Nations Security Council defeated a Soviet proposal to keep the issue of Soviet troops in Iran off the agenda, resulting in a threat by U.S.S.R. delegate Andrei Gromyko to boycott sessions.

The Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry on Palestine concluded its hearings in Jerusalem.

Scandal
McGill University chemistry professor Raymond Boyer admitted in Montreal that he had given details of the new explosive RDX to Member of Parliament Fred Rose (Labour-Progressive--Cartier) "to help the Soviet Union." The Labour-Progressive Party was really the outlawed Communist Party in disguise, and Mr. Rose was accused of spying for the U.S.S.R. as a result of revelations by former Soviet embassy clerk Igor Gouzenko, who had defected to Canada several months earlier.

Defense
General Leslie Groves, head of the U.S. Army's atomic research program, told a Senate Appropriations subcommittee that the United States was still producing atomic bombs.

Economics and finance
The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Council approved a resolution urging occupation armies to refrain from requisitioning land and consuming indigenous food supplies.

U.S. Civilian Production Administrator John Small and National Housing Expediter Wilson Wyatt ordered a halt to all general building construction and repairs in order to speed construction of military veterans' housing.

Basketball
NCAA
Men's Championship
Final
Oklahoma A&M 43 North Carolina 40

Bob Kurland, the first dominant 7-footer in basketball, scored 23 points as the Aggies, coached by Hank Iba, became the tournament's first two-time champion, winning for the second straight year.

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Power of the Brute, starring Richard Carlyle, Tom Drake, and Rebecca Welles

Died on this date
James F. Hinkle, 88. U.S. politician. Mr. Hinkle, a Democrat, was a member of the New Mexico Territorial House of Representatives (1893-1896) and Territorial Senate (1901-1911); Mayor of Roswell (1904-1906); member of the N.M. State Senate (1912-1917); Governor of New Mexico (1923-1925); and N.M. Commissioner of Public Lands (1931-1932).

Music
Margaret Truman, daughter of U.S. President Harry Truman, signed an exclusive performing contract with NBC for the 1950-51 and 1951-52 seasons.

Diplomacy U.S. President Truman addressed foreign ministers of 21 American states at the start of a two-week conference in Washington on hemispheric defense and economic problems. He condemned "wild and speculative price movements" and endorsed Bolivia's desire for a land corridor to the Pacific Ocean between Chile and Peru.

World events
Chinese Communist radio reported the formation of a new revolutionary front in Indochina dominated by the Communist Party of Labour (Lao Dong).

War
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru rejected as "dishonourable" a new Kashmir peace formula offered by the U.S.A. and U.K. which would allow the International Court of Justice to settle differences between India and Pakistan.

Defense
U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt Vandenberg approved the first Air Force flag.

Politics and government
The U.S. Supreme Court refused a Communist Party request for a preliminary injunction to delay registration of Communists under the Internal Security Act of 1950.

Economics and finance
The Arab League announced plans to establish a bureau in Cairo to tighten the Arab states' economic blockade of Israel.

Labour
Minnesota Governor Luther Youngdahl signed a bill barring strikes by state, county, city, and local workers.

Boxing
Rocky Marciano (34-0), fighting for the second time in seven days, scored a technical knockout over Art Henri (13-16-1) at 2:51 of the 9th round of a heavyweight bout before 4,386 fans at Rhode Island Auditorium in Providence. The fight was stopped after Mr. Marciano knocked Mr. Henri down twice for 9-counts in the 9th round.

60 years ago
1961

Diplomacy
U.S. President John F. Kennedy and U.K. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan met in Key West, Florida to discuss the threat of Communist takeover of Laos. The two leaders said they had reached "absolute agreement" on a common policy and issued a joint appeal to the Soviet Union for a "positive and constructive reply" to western proposals for a Laos settlement.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): (I Never Promised You a) Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Knock Three Times--Dawn (6th week at #1)
2 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
3 A Summer Prayer for Peace--The Archies
4 Have You Ever Seen the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
5 No Matter What--Badfinger
6 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison
7 Immigrant Song--Led Zeppelin
8 Do It--Neil Diamond
9 Home--Dave Mills
10 Silver Moon--Michael Nesmith & the First National Band

Singles entering the chart were She's a Lady by Tom Jones (#16); Baby Jump by Mungo Jerry (#18); and Carnival Candyman by Beat Unit (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 She's a Lady--Tom Jones
2 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
3 Put Your Hand in the Hand--Ocean
4 Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family
5 Oh What a Feeling--Crowbar
6 Help Me Make it Through the Night--Sammi Smith
7 Woodstock--Matthews' Southern Comfort
8 I was Wondering--The Poppy Family
9 One Toke Over the Line--Brewer and Shipley
10 Free--Chicago

Singles entering the chart were Joy to the World by Three Dog Night (#25); If by Bread (#27); Friends/Honey Roll by Elton John (#29); and I Wish I Were by Andy Kim (#30). Honey Roll, like its A-side, was from the movie Friends (1971).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKVN)
1 Put Your Hand in the Hand--Ocean (2nd week at #1)
2 Oh What a Feeling--Crowbar
3 What is Life--George Harrison
4 Another Day/Oh Woman, Oh Why--Paul McCartney
5 Wild World--Cat Stevens
6 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
7 One Toke Over the Line--Brewer and Shipley
8 Woodstock--Matthews' Southern Comfort
9 Oye Como Va--Santana
10 Blue Money--Van Morrison

Singles entering the chart were Power to the People by John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (#23); Sweet Mary by Argent (#28); I Am...I Said by Neil Diamond (#29); and Friends by Elton John (#30).

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
2 She’s a Lady--Tom Jones
3 What is Life--George Harrison
4 Where Evil Grows--The Poppy Family
5 Beautiful People--The New Seekers
6 Patricia--Ronnie Hawkins
7 Blue Money--Van Morrison
8 Oye Como Va--Santana
9 One Toke Over the Line--Brewer and Shipley
10 Wild World--Cat Stevens

On television tonight
The Interns, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Choice

This was the 24th and last episode of the series to be broadcast.

World events
Sheik Mujibur Rahman, leader of the Awami League and a long-time leader of the fight for East Pakistani autonomy, proclaimed its independence under the name Bangladesh ("Bengal Nation"). Sheik Mujibur had been seized by Pakistani government troops early in the fighting between them and rebel troops which had begun the previous day.

War
Jordanian government troops and Palestinian commandos began 11 days of sharp fighting in Amman and around Irbid.

Politics and government
Argentina’s Army Commander Alejandro Agustin Larusse, a member of a prominent landowning family and a career officer, was sworn in as President, three days after a three-man junta ousted President Roberto Marcelo Levingston. Cmdr. Larusse retained his army command and six members from Mr. Levingston’s cabinet, but added two ministers.

Nihat Erim, who had been named Prime Minister of Turkey a week earlier, announced a coalition government of 25 members.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Edmonton's Top 20 (CHED)
1 Rapture--Blondie
2 Turning Japanese--The Vapors
3 Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce
4 Just Between You and Me--April Wine
5 Woman--John Lennon
6 A Little in Love--Cliff Richard
7 Crying--Don McLean
8 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon
9 The Best of Times--Styx
10 Hearts on Fire--Randy Meisner
11 As the Beat Goes On/Switchin' to Glide--The Kings
12 Kiss on My List--Daryl Hall & John Oates
13 Morning Train (Nine to Five)--Sheena Easton
14 Hey Nineteen--Steely Dan
15 Hello Again--Neil Diamond
16 While You See a Chance--Steve Winwood
17 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
18 Fade Away--Bruce Springsteen
19 Ain’t Even Done with the Night--John Cougar
20 What Kind of Fool--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)

Politics and government
The Social Democrats launched their new political party in the U.K. with a press conference in London.

Journalism
Actress Carol Burnett was awarded a $1.6-million settlement against the National Enquirer, accusing the tabloid of saying in a 1976 item that she had been intoxicated in an encounter at a Washington restaurant with then-U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. The National Enquirer’s lawyers indicated that they would appeal, arguing that they had merely said that Miss Burnett had been "boisterous," not intoxicated.

30 years ago
1991

World events
After four days of strikes and protests, soldiers in Mali overthrew the government of President Moussa Traore and promised to replace it with a multi-party democracy. At least 59 people were killed during the coup, while as many as 150 citizens were killed by the demonstrations during the demonstrations preceding the coup.

Economics and finance
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay signed the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur, the South Common Market.

Politics and government
The 37-member Belanger-Campeau Commission recommended that the Quebec National Assembly pass legislation providing for a referendum on provincial sovereignty to be held no later than October 1992.

Local self-government was restored after three decades of centralized control in South Korea.

Crime
Five South Korean boys, nicknamed the Frog Boys, disappeared while hunting for frogs and were murdered in a case that remains unsolved.

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 0 @ Los Angeles 2

25 years ago
1996

Died on this date
David Packard, 83. U.S. engineer and businessman. Mr. Packard, an electrical engineer, co-founded Hewlett-Packard with William Hewlett in 1939. Mr. Packard served as U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense in the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1969-1971.

Edmund Muskie, 81. U.S. politician. Mr. Muskie, a Democrat, was Governor of Maine from 1955-1959, represented Maine in the United States Senate from 1959-1980, and served as U.S. Secretary of State in the administration of President Jimmy Carter from 1980-1981. He was Vice President Hubert Humphrey's vice presidential nominee when Mr. Humphrey was the Democratic Party presidential candidate in 1968. Mr. Muskie was regarded as the favourite for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination, but he performed poorly in caucuses, and his emotional reaction to attacks by the Manchester Union Leader on his wife hurt his campaign. Mr. Muskie died two days before his 82nd birthday.

Environment
U.S. Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt authorized the partial opening of the Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in Arizona and the flooding of the Grand Canyon for a week; before the dam had been built, natural floods had taken place in the canyon, and officials were attempting to recreate these conditions by allowing 443 million litres--45,000 cubic feet per second (1,300 m3/s)--of water in, in an effort to improve conditions for flora and fauna.

Communications
Canada's Anik E-1 communications satellite suffered an electronic fault and lost 50% of its capacity in the malfunction; officials later announced that the damage was irreparable, and transferred the displaced traffic to Anik-E-2.

Hockey
NHL
St. Louis 4 @ Pittsburgh 8

Mario Lemieux scored 5 goals to lead the Penguins over the Blues at Kiel Center.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Diana Wynne Jones, 76. U.K. authoress. Miss Jones was an atheist who expressed her views in fantasy and speculative fiction for young people, often exploring themes of time travel and alternate universes. Her works included the Chrestomanci and Dalemark series of fantasy novels. Miss Jones won numerous awards, and died of lung cancer.

Geraldine Ferraro, 75. U.S. politician and diplomat. Ms. Ferraro, a Democrat, represented New York's 9th District in the U.S. House of Representatives (1979-1985), and was Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus (1981-1985). She made history in 1984 as the vice presidential running mate of Democratic Party U.S. presidential candidate Walter Mondale, becoming the first woman to be nominated for such a high office. Ms. Ferraro conducted unsuccessful campaigns for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate in 1992 and 1998; between those campaigns, she served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1993-1996). Ms. Ferraro died after a long battle with multiple myeloma.

Roger Abbott, 64. U.K.-born Canadian comedian. Mr. Abbott moved to Montreal with his family at the age of 7. In 1970, he joined the comedy troupe The Jest Society, which evolved into The Royal Canadian Air Farce in 1973. Mr. Abbott was a member of the Royal Canadian Air Farce during its years on CBC radio (1973-1997) and television (1980-1984, 1993-2010). He died after along battle with leukemia.

Protest
More than 250,000 people took to London's streets to protest the toughest government spending cuts in Britain since World War II.

March 25, 2021

210 years ago
1811

Academia
Percy Bysshe Shelley was expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.

150 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Louis Perrée. French fencer. Mr. Perrée won a silver medal in the épée event at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris. He died on March 1, 1924, 24 days before his 53rd birthday.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Mary Webb. U.K. authoress and poetess. Mrs. Webb was a romantic novelist and poet who wrote about people in the countryside of Shropshire, England in novels such as The Golden Arrow (1916) and Gone to Earth (1917). She suffered from Graves' disease, a thyroid disorder, which may have contributed to her death at the age of 46 on October 8, 1927.

Béla Bartók. Hungarian composer. Mr. Bartók is regarded as one of Hungary's greatest composers. He wrote numerous works for piano, including three concertos. Mr. Bartók took a great interest in folk music, and was one of the founders of ethnomusicology. He died of leukemia on September 26, 1945 at the age of 64.

125 years ago
1896

Olympics
James B. Connolly of the United States, a student at Harvard University, won the "hop, skip and jump" competition--soon renamed the triple jump--to claim the initial gold medal of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Ed Begley. U.S. actor. Mr. Begley was an excellent character actor whose movies included Patterns (1956) (also the earlier television version (1955)); 12 Angry Men (1957); and Sweet Bird of Youth (1962), for which he won an Academy Award for his supporting performance. He died of a heart attack on April 28, 1970 at the age of 69.

John Fetzer. U.S. communications and baseball executive. Mr. Fetzer founded and operated various radio stations in Michigan and the midwestern United States in the 1920s and '30s, and achieved influence in Washington, D.C., leading to his service as radio censor with the U.S. Office of Censorship during World War II. He shut down his office at the end of the war and returned to his broadcasting career. Mr. Fetzer purchased Lincoln, Nebraska television staton KOLN in 1953, and began reaching rural markets with television service. He bought partial interest in the Detroit Tigers in 1956 and became full owner in 1961, selling the team to Tom Monaghan after the 1983 season. Mr. Fetzer founded the Fetzer Institute in 1962 to support work “designed to discover and enhance the integral relationships of the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of experience which foster human growth, action, and responsible improvement of the human and cosmic condition.” The Fetzer Institute promoted New Age propagandist Benjamin Creme in the 1980s, and continues to promote anti-Christian views and activities today. Mr. Fetzer died from pneumonia on February 20, 1991, 33 days before his 90th birthday. He had a fortune of several hundred million dollars, much of which was bequeathed to the Fetzer Institute.

Sport
Louis Cyr defeated Édouard Breapré in the first round of a wrestling match in Montreal in what was billed as the strongest man in the world (Mr. Cyr) versus the Willow Bunch Giant.

110 years ago
1911

Died on this date
Andrei Yushchinski, 13. Ukrainian crime victim. Master Yushchinski disappeared on his way to school in Kiev, when Ukraine was still part of the Russian Empire; his body was discovered eight days later. Menahem Mendel Beilis was charged with committing a ritual Jewish murder of Master Yushchinski and spent two years awaiting trial before finally being acquitted.

Disasters
A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City killed 145 workers, almost all of them Jewish and Italian immigrant women. The fire drew attention to the plight of women working in low-paying jobs.



100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Simone Signoret. German-born French actress. Miss Signoret, born Simone Kaminker, mainly worked in France and Britain, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Room at the Top (1959). She died of pancreatic cancer on September 30, 1985 at the age of 64.

Alexandra. Queen consort of Yugoslavia, 1944-1945. Alexandra, the posthumous daughter of King Alexander of Greece, became Queen consort of Yugoslavia when she married King Peter II while in exile in Britain, but the monarchy ended on November 29, 1945 when Yugoslavian President Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaimed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, making her the country's last queen. King Peter turned to drink afterwards and died in 1970, while Queen Alexandra reacted with depression and suicide attempts. She died of cancer on February 7, 1993 at the age of 72.

Nancy Kelly. U.S. actress. Miss Kelly was a leading lady on stage, screen, and radio in the 1930s and '40s, but was best known for playing the mother in the play (1955) and movie (1956) The Bad Seed, winning a Tony Award for her starring performance in the former and receiving an Academy Award nomination for the latter. She died from complications of diabetes on January 2, 1995 at the age of 73.

90 years ago
1931

Died on this date
Ida B. Wells, 68. U.S. journalist and civil rights activist. Miss Wells became known for her reporting on lynching in the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight newspaper and her pamphlets Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases (1892) and The Red Record (1895). She moved from Memphis to Chicago in 1895, and continued to oppose lynching, while advocating women's suffrage and opposing racism within the suffrage movement. Miss Wells died of uremia; she was posthumously honored with a Pulitzer Prize special citation in 1920 "[f]or her outstanding and courageous reporting on the horrific and vicious violence against African Americans during the era of lynching."

Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, 40. Indian journalist and politician. Mr. Vidyarthi was an advocate of Indian independence from British rule who founded the revolutionary Hindi weekly Pratap in 1913 to express his views. He joined the non-cooperation movement led by Mohandas Gandhi in 1916, and as a member of the Indian National Congress Party, represented Kanpur on the United Provinces Legislative Council (1925-1929). Mr. Vidyarthi served several jail sentences for his activities, and died 16 days after being released from prison. While on his way to Karachi to attend an Indian National Congress Session, he came across communal rioting between Hindus and Muslims in Kanpur. Mr. Vidyarthi saved the lives of many Hindus and Muslims from the violence, but was stabbed to death by rioting Muslims, and his body wasn't identified until several days later.

Crime
The Scottsboro Boys were arrested in Alabama. The nine Negro youths were arrested on charges of raping two white women in a freight car on a train passing through the state.

Politics and government
Irénée Vautrin, a Liberal member of the Quebec Legislative Assembly, tabled a bill proposing an amendment to the electoral law allowing women to vote. The bill was eventually defeated 47-21.

80 years ago
1941

Movies
Warner Brothers studios bought the rights to Edna Ferber's unpublished novel Saratoga Trunk for the record price of $175,000.

War
Germany extended its war zone westward to within three miles of Greenland, including U.K.-occupied Iceland.

Defense
Yugoslavian Premier Dragisha Cvetkovitch and Foreign Minister Alexander Cincar-Markovitch signed the Tripartite Pact in Vienna, bringing Yugoslavia into the Axis alliance, and sparking anti-Nazi demonstrations in Yugoslavia.

Crime
Communist Party U.S.A. leader Earl Browder surrendered to federal authorities in New York City to begin serving a four-year prison sentence for passport fraud.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order freezing Yugoslavian assets in the United States amounting to $50 million.

Labour
U.S. Representative Martin Dies (Democrat--Texas) told the House of Representatives that the National Maritime Union was a Communist-dominated organization. Congress of Industrial Organizations President Philip Murray denied that Communists were employed by the Steel Workers Organizing Committee. Pennsylvania state police routed CIO pickets in the steel strike at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation's plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Violence also flared at the Chicago works of International Harvester Company when CIO strikers clashed with police and American Federation of Labor employees.

Health
The U.S. Public Health Service announced that the most serious outbreak of measles in seven years was active along the Eastern seaboard and was spreading westward.

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Oh! What it Seemed to Be--Frankie Carle and his Orchestra (2nd week at #1)
--Frank Sinatra
--Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest
--Charlie Spivak and his Orchestra
2 Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief--Betty Hutton
--Les Brown and his Orchestra
3 Personality--Johnny Mercer
4 Symphony--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra with Clyde Rogers
--Bing Crosby
--Benny Goodman and his Orchestra
--Jo Stafford
5 You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)--Les Brown and his Orchestra
--Perry Como
6 Let it Snow! Let it Snow! Let it Snow!--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra with Vaughn Monroe and the Norton Sisters
--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
7 Day by Day--Frank Sinatra
8 I'm Always Chasing Rainbows--Perry Como
--Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest
9 Shoo Fly Pie (And Apple Pan Dowdy)--Stan Kenton and his Orchestra
--Dinah Shore
10 One-zy, Two-zy (I Love You-zy)--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--Phil Harris and his Orchestra

Singles entering the chart were Here I Go Again by Dinah Shore (#27); Prisoner of Love (#34)/All Through the Day (#41) by Perry Como; All Through the Day by Frank Sinatra (#41, charting with the version by Perry Como); Where Did You Learn to Love, with versions by Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra; and Louis Prima and his Orchestra (#42); and In the Moon Mist by the Pied Pipers (#43).

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Girl with the Gazelle

Defense
The United Nations Military Staff Committee, composed of the U.S.A., U.S.S.R., U.K., China, and France, held its first session.

Scandal
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Mackenzie King reported that Soviet agents had been seeking atomic information five months before the first nuclear explosion.

World events
The United States charged before the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration that U.S.S.R. occupation armies in Austria had seized land upon which the Austrian population's food supply depended.

Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan General Douglas MacArthur suspended the repatriation of about 500,000 Koreans from Japan to U.S.S.R.-occupied North Korea because of lack of transportation.

Law
The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review the cases of Robert Lovett, Goodwin Watson, and William Dodd, Jr., who were challenging the constitutionality of a law ousting them from government jobs for alleged subversive activities.

Energy
U.S. Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson presented before a secret session of the U.S. Senate Atomic Energy Committee the international nuclear control plan of the administration of President Harry Truman, putting radioactive materials under United Nations ownership, but leaving the operation of nuclear facilities to the individual states.

Protest
Spanish cellist Pablo Casals cancelled his English tour in protest against the United Kingdom's recognition of the Spanish regime of Generalissimo Francisco Franco.

Economics and finance
Argentine President Edelmiro Farrell decreed the nationalization of the central bank, part of whose stock was held by U.S. banks.

The U.S. Office of Price Administration allowed a 4% increase on all machinery, parts, and industrial equipment where the percentage of steel costs in sale prices was over 40%.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the federal anti-kickback law did not apply to unions demanding initiation fees from workers in closed shops.

With some local disputes still pending, General Motors ended its lockout of workers, and resumed production in Detroit.

70 years ago
1951

Theatre
The Tony Awards for 1950-51 were presented at the Waldorf-Astoria Grand Ballroom in New York City. The Rose Tattoo won for Best Play, and Guys and Dolls won for Best Musical.

War
Shooting incidents occurred between Israelis and Syrians in a Jordan River border area where Jewish workers were draining the Huleh swamps.

Politics and government
A report issued by the American Jewish Congress and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples condemned the 81st United States Congress for taking "no substantial action" on civil rights legislation.

Journalism
Alberto Gainza Paz, editor and publisher of the Buenos Aires newspaper La Prensa, disclosed in Uruguay that he had fled Argentina to avoid imprisonment, and claimed that congressional seizure of his newspaper was unconstitutional.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Wooden Heart--Elvis Presley

#1 single in Italy: Come sinfonia--Pino Donaggio (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Mit 17 fängt das Leben erst an--Ivo Robić (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Wooden Heart--Elvis Presley (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Wooden Heart--Elvis Presley

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Surrender--Elvis Presley (2nd week at #1)
2 Pony Time--Chubby Checker
3 Don’t Worry--Marty Robbins
4 Dedicated to the One I Love--The Shirelles
5 Where the Boys Are--Connie Francis
6 Apache--Jorgen Ingmann and his Guitar
7 Wheels--The String-A-Longs
--[Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra]
8 Ebony Eyes--The Everly Brothers
9 Gee Whiz (Look at his Eyes)--Carla Thomas
10 Think Twice--Brook Benton

Singles entering the chart were Funny by Maxine Brown (#86); Some Kind of Wonderful by the Drifters (#87); I Told You So by Jimmy Jones (#89); Shu Rah by Fats Domino (#90); It's Unbelievable by the Larks (#91); Jungle Drums by Clyde Otis and his Orchestra (#99); Theme from Dixie by Duane Eddy (#100); Sweet Little Kathy by Ray Peterson (also #100); and Memphis by Donnie Brooks (also #100).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Blue Moon--The Marcels (2nd week at #1)
2 Ling Ting Tong--Buddy Knox
3 Runaway--Del Shannon
4 "D" in Love--Cliff Richard and the Shadows
5 Donald, Where's Your Troosers?--Andy Stewart
6 The Corruptibles--The Good Guys
7 Bumble Boogie--B. Bumble and the Stingers
8 Star-Crossed Lovers--Eddy and Teddy
9 Surrender--Elvis Presley
10 Mother-in-Law--Ernie K-Doe

Singles entering the chart were Sleepy-Eyed John by Johnny Horton (#35); Tonight My Love, Tonight by Paul Anka (#38); Flaming Star by Elvis Presley (#42); The Great Snowman by Bob Luman (#43); Little Lonely One by the Jarmels (#45); Shu Rah by Fats Domino (#46); Sweet Little Kathy by Ray Peterson (#48); Frogg by the Brothers Four (#49); and What'd I Say by Jerry Lee Lewis (#50). Flaming Star was the title song of the movie, which starred Mr. Presley.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Blue Moon--The Marcels
2 Two--Del Erickson
3 Bumble Boogie--B. Bumble and the Stingers
4 Runaway--Del Shannon
5 "D" in Love--Cliff Richard and the Shadows
6 Ling-Ting-Tong--Buddy Knox
7 Memphis--Donnie Brooks
8 Mother-in-Law--Ernie K-Doe
9 Star-Crossed Lovers--Eddy and Teddy
10 Surrender/Lonely Man--Elvis Presley

Singles entering the chart were The Great Snow Man by Bob Luman (#23); Shy Away by Jerry Fuller (#26); Flaming Star by Elvis Presley (#34); Bonanza by Al Caiola and his Orchestra (#37); Theme from Dixie by Duane Eddy (#39); and After the Hurricane by Paul Evans (#40). Bonanza was a version of the theme from the television series.

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched Sputnik 10, a spherical Vostok 3KA-2 capsule containing a life-size human mannequin and a small dog named Zvezdochka ("Little Star"). The capsule completed one orbit of Earth and re-entered the atmosphere, landing safely. Zvezdochka was unharmed and the mannequin was recovered, indicating to Soviet authorities that the Soviet Union was ready to attempt a manned space flight.



The United States launched Explorer 10 from Cape Canaveral, Florida using a Thor-Delta rocket. The 79-pound satellite was propelled into a highly eccentric orbit ranging from 100 miles to 145,000 miles from Earth. It radioed valuable information on Earth and interplanetary magnetic fields for 60 hours before its chemical batteries were exhausted. NASA said the data lent support to the theory that the interplanetary magnetic field near the Earth was mainly an extension of the magnetic field of the sun.

Politics and government
Quebec Premier Jean Lesage delivered a speech to teachers that was one of the early mileposts in the Quiet Revolution. He said, “The Quebec state is the collective fulcrum of the French-Canadian community. The Quebec state is no stranger among us. Will we figure it out! It's ours. It is ours. It belongs to us and it emanates from us.”

Society
Under pressure from President John F. Kennedy, the U.S. Civil War Centennial Commission agreed to avoid racially-segregated hotels in Charleston, South Carolina during its two-day observance of the 100th anniversary of the firing on Fort Sumter. Mr. Kennedy entered the dispute after the New Jersey unit of the commission decided to boycott the meeting because a Negro member of the state unit would be barred from sessions at a Charleston hotel. President Kennedy appealed for equal treatment of all participants, but the commission said it had no jurisdiction over hotel owners. After Mr. Kennedy commented on the matter a second time at a press conference, the commission agreed to move all its sessions to the desegregated U.S. Naval Station at Charleston. Meanwhile, several northern state units had announced their withdrawal from the national group.

Boxing
Florentino Fernandez (30-2) knocked out Marcel Pigou (34-5-3) at 2:11 of the first round of a middleweight bout at Madison Square Garden in New York.



50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Non je ne veux pas faire la guerre--Les Poppys

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (9th week at #1)

War
Civil war broke out in Pakistan as President Yahya Khan ordered troops, planes, and tanks to crush East Pakistan’s movement for home rule. The Awami League, led by Sheik Mujibur Rahman, long-time leader in the fight for East Pakistani autonomy, had won an absolute majority in Pakistan’s first general elections in December 1970. President Khan had then twice postponed the first session of the National Assembly which was to write a new constitution. General strikes and violence followed, and Mr. Khan declared martial law. Sheik Mujibur countered with a campaign of non-violent civil disobedience, leaving him in virtual control of East Pakistan. 11 days of negotiations followed in East Pakistan’s capital of Dacca. Just when a compromise seemed near, Mr. Khan left abruptly for Islamabad, called the Sheik a traitor, outlawed the Awami League, and ordered troops into East Pakistan. Conflicting reports put casualties at 10,000-300,000 East Pakistanis as a well-equipped army of 70,000 men, aided by the air force, battled with rebels armed often only with knives, clubs, and scimitars. Sheik Mujibur was seized by government troops early in the fighting.

For the fourth straight week, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong delegates boycotted the weekly session of the Paris peace talks, this time joined by their deputies. The boycotts were protests against U.S. bombing and what they termed U.S. "threats of war."

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon
2 Kiss on My List--Daryl Hall & John Oates
3 Woman--John Lennon
4 The Best of Times--Styx
5 Rapture--Blondie
6 A Little in Love--Cliff Richard
7 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
8 9 to 5--Dolly Parton
9 Morning Train (Nine to Five)--Sheena Easton
10 Turn Me Loose--Loverboy

Singles entering the chart were What Kind of Fool by Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb) (#19); and I Can't Stand It by Eric Clapton and his Band (#20).

Hockey
NHL
Edmonton 7 @ Hartford 2

Whalers’ head coach Larry Pleau was heavily criticized for pulling his goalie for a sixth attacker in the 3rd period earlier than is normally the case, which resulted in several empty net goals for the Oilers at Hartford Civic Center.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Oh! Yeah!/Love Story wa Totsuzen ni--Kazumasa Oda (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Se mustamies--Hausmylly (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams (4th week at #1)

Died on this date
Marcel Lefebvre, 85. French-born Swiss clergyman. Most Rev. Lefebvre was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1929, and was asssociated with the Holy Ghost Fathers, eventually their Superior General. He was a major leader of the conservative bloc during the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) (1962-1965), and resigned from the leadership of the Holy Ghost Fathers in 1968 rather than implement reforms recommended by Vatican II. Most Rev. Lefebvre founded the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) in 1970, and was excommunicated by Pope John Paul II in 1988 after defying the pope and consecrating four bishops to carry on the work of SSPX. Most Rev. Lefebvre died of cancer; Pope Benedict XVI lifted the excommunications of the other four bishops in 2009.

Movies
The Academy Awards for 1990 were presented at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, with Dances With Wolves winning Best Picture. Other Oscars included: Director--Kevin Costner, Dances With Wolves; Best Actor--Jeremy Irons, Reversal of Fortune; Best Actress--Kathy Bates, Misery; Best Supporting Actor--Joe Pesci, GoodFellas; Best Supporting Actress--Whoopi Goldberg, Ghost; Best Foreign Language Film--Reise der Hoffnung (Journey of Hope).

Politics and government
Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman agreed to co-operate for two months to avoid a breakup of Yugoslavia.

Protest
U.S.S.R. President Mikhail Gorbachev banned demonstrations in Moscow for three weeks.

Environment
The Canadian House of Commons Environment Committee urged a 20% cut in carbon dioxide emissions to help combat global warming.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): How Deep is Your Love--Take That

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Firestarter--The Prodigy

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Children--Robert Miles

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Follow You Down--Gin Blossoms
2 I Want to Come Over--Melissa Etheridge
3 1979--Smashing Pumpkins
4 Ironic--Alanis Morissette
5 Missing--Everything But the Girl
6 Don't Cry--Seal
7 The World I Know--Collective Soul
8 Wonderwall--Oasis
9 Birmingham--Amanda Marshall
10 One of Us--Joan Osborne

Singles entering the chart were Dreamers Dream by Tom Cochrane (#83); Gin Palace by Barney Bentall (#84); Darling Pretty by Mark Knopfler (#86); Fast as I Can by Great Big Sea (#87); Santa Monica (Watch the World Die) by Everclear (#88); Champagne Supernova by Oasis (#92); I Was Born to Love You by Queen (#93); Starbird Road by Megan Metcalfe (#94); and Hands in the Air by Bob Seger (#95).

Died on this date
John Snagge, 91. U.K. broadcaster. Mr. Snagge was a newsreader and commentator for BBC Radio from 1927-1965. He provided commentary for the coronations of King George VI in 1937 and Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and delivered important announcements of World War II developments. Mr. Snagge began announcing the annual Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race in 1931, and continued after his retirement, calling his last race in 1980. He died of throat cancer.

Movies
The Academy Awards for 1995 were presented at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. The winners included: Best Picture--Braveheart; Best Director--Mel Gibson (Braveheart); Best Actor--Nicolas Cage (Leaving Las Vegas); Best Actress--Susan Sarandon (Dead Man Walking); Best Supporting Actor--Kevin Spacey (The Usual Suspects); and Best Supporting Actress--Mira Sorvino (Mighty Aphrodite).

Protest
An 81-day standoff began near Jordan, Montana between law enforcement officials and the anti-government Montana Freemen.

Politics and government
The governing Liberal Party of Prime Minister Jean Chretien won five of six federal byelections in Canada, with the Bloc Québecois winning the other. The results restored the Liberals to 177 seats in the House of Commons and confirmed the Bloc as the official Opposition.

Defense
Canadian Department of Defence documents made public indicated that the United Nations owed Canada $50.8 million for expenses during nine peacekeeping missions dating back to the 1980s; the UN's continuing shortage of money meant that the debt was unlikely to be paid soon.

Health
The European Union's Veterinarian Committee banned the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy).

Economics and finance
The redesigned American $100 bill went into circulation.

Figure skating
The world championships began at Edmonton Coliseum.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Herb Siler, 66. U.S. boxer. Mr. Siler was a heavyweight who compiled a professional record of 20-12 from 1960-1967. In his third professional fight, he was knocked out in 4 rounds by Cassius Clay--the future Muhammad Ali--to become the future world champion's second victim and first knockout victim. Mr. Siler also lost two fights to future world heavyweight champion Ernie Terrell, and was knocked out in 1965 by 1960 Olympic heavyweight champion Franco De Piccoli. Mr. Siler was convicted of manslaughter in 1972, and served a seven-year prison sentence. He reportedly became a Christian in prison, conquered his drinking habit, and established a succesful construction business in the 1980s.

Movies
The Academy Awards for 2000 were presented at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, with Gladiator winning Best Picture. Other Oscars included: Director--Steven Soderbergh (Traffic); Actor--Russell Crowe (Gladiator); Actress--Julia Roberts (Erin Brockovich); Supporting Actor--Benicio Del Toro (Traffic); Supporting Actress--Marcia Gay Harden (Pollock). Wo Hu, Cang Long (Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon) won four Oscars, including Best Foreign Language Film.



War
Macedonians launched a ground offensive against ethnic Albanian rebels in Macedonia.

10 years ago
2011

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper's minority Conservative government was defeated in a no-confidence vote, 156-145, after being found in contempt of Parliament, thus triggering the 41st General Election on May 2; it was the first instance in Commonwealth history of a government in the Westminster parliamentary tradition losing the confidence of the House of Commons on these grounds.

March 24, 2021

340 years ago
1681

Born on this date
George Philipp Telemann. German musician and composer. Mr. Telemann, who played almost every instrument available, was the most prolific composer of his time. Over 3,000 of his works survive, and it seems as though CKUA radio in Edmonton has played them all. He died on June 25, 1767 at the age of 86.

300 years ago
1721

Music
Johann Sebastian Bach dedicated six concertos to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, now commonly called the Brandenburg Concertos.

125 years ago
1896

Radio
At the Physical and Chemical Society in St. Petersburg, A. S. Popov allegedly used radio waves to transmit the Morse code message "GENRICH GERC" ("HEINRICH HERTZ" in Russian) to another building 250 metres away.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Ub Iwerks. U.S. animator. Mr. Iwerks met Walt Disney in 1919, and eventually became Mr. Disney's chief animator, co-creating Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Mickey Mouse. Mr. Iwerks left to start his own studio in 1930, creating the characters Flip the Frog and Willie Whopper. The studio went out of business in 1936, and Mr. Iwerks returned to the Disney studio in 1940; his work there included the combination of live action and animation in Song of the South (1946). He won two Academy Awards, and died of a heart attack on July 7, 1971 at the age of 70.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Joseph Barbera. U.S. animator. Mr. Barbera worked at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1937-1957; he and colleague William Hanna produced the Tom & Jerry cartoons. In 1957 Messrs. Hanna and Barbera founded Hanna-Barbera, the most successful animation studio in television. Hanna-Barbera produced such programs as The Flintstones (1960-1966) and The Jetsons (1962-1963, 1985, 1987), and won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards. Mr. Barbera died on December 18, 2006 at the age of 95.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Vasily Smyslov. U.S.S.R. chess player. Mr. Smyslov was a Grandmaster who was a Candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions from 1948-1985; he defeated defending champion Mikhail Botvinnik 12½–9½ to win the world championship in 1957, but lost the rematch to Mr. Botvinnik 12½–10½ a year later. Mr. Smyslov's total of 17 Chess Olympiad medals remains the record. He died from congestive heart failure on March 27, 2010, three days after his 89th birthday.

Died on this date
Larry McLean, 39. Canadian-born U.S. baseball player. Mr. McLean, a native of Fredericton, New Brunswick, grew up in the Boston area. He was a catcher with the Boston Americans (1901); Chicago Cubs (1903); St. Louis Cardinals (1904, 1913); Cincinnati Reds (1906-1912); and New York Giants (1913-1915), batting .262 with 6 home runs and 298 runs batted in in 862 games. Mr. McLean batted .500 (6 for 12) with 2 runs batted in the Giants' 5-game loss to the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1913 World Series. He was a heavy drinker, and his career ended in a mid-season hotel brawl with Giants' manager John McGraw and scout Dick Kinsella. Mr. McLean was fatally shot in a speakeasy in Boston by a bartender who claimed that Mr. McLean was attempting to attack him. Mr. McLean was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.

Sport
The 1921 Women's Olympiad, the first international women's sports event, began in Monte Carlo.

Hockey
NHL/PCHA
Stanley Cup
Finals

Ottawa Senators (NHL) 4 @ Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) 3 (Best-of-five series tied 1-1)

80 years ago
1941

War
London suffered its heaviest air attack of the year when German bombers pounded the city for six hours. German forces commanded by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel attacked and captured El Aghella, Libya. Japan claimed to have occupied Swabue on Honghai Bay near Hong Kong, while other Japanese forces crossed the Tathow Channel and captured Chaoyang in moves designed to close the remaining coastal route into free China. Chinese and Japanese reports announced bitter fighting on the island of Hainan, with China claiming a victory.

Defense
The United States Senate voted 67-9 to pass the $7-billion Lend-Lease appropriation bill after less than two hours of debate. Publication of correspondence between the U.S. State Department and Canada revealed that for the first time since 1817, the two countries would construct naval vessels on the Great Lakes for ocean use.

Journalism
U.S. Navy Secretary Frank Knox urged the press to refrain from reporting on or photographing damaged British warships coming to the United States for repairs.

Labour
The Congress of Industrial Organizations Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) called a strike at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation's plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to protest against a company union. U.S. Representative Martin Dies (Democrat--Texas) told the House of Representatives that he had "indisputable evidence" that the Communist Party, through its members in the SWOC, "is working toward a complete tie-up in the steel industry."

Basketball
NCAA
NIT @ Madison Square Garden, New York
Final
Long Island 56 Ohio 42

75 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Carl Schuhmann, 66. German athlete. Mr. Schuhmann competed in numerous events at the first modern Summer Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, winning three gold medals in men's artistic gymnastics and another in Greco-Roman wrestling, while finishing fourth in the clean and jerk weightlifting event, fifth in triple jump, and competing in shot put and long jump. When the Olympics were held in Berlin in 1936, he participated in a gymnastics exhibition at Olympic Stadium.

Aleksandr Alekhine, 53. Russian-born French chess player. Mr. Alekhine was a Grandmaster who emigrated to France in 1921. He defeated José Raúl Capablanca to win the world championship in 1927, and dominated tournament play until losing his title to Max Euwe in 1935. Mr. Alekhine regained the championship in the rematch against Mr. Euwe in 1937, and cooperated with occupying Nazi authorities in France during World War II in order to protect his French wife's assets. Mr. Alekhine's wartime activities resulted in his not being invited to tournaments outside the Iberian peninsula. He was preparing to defend his title in Estoril, Portugal when he was found dead in his hotel room; his death was attributed to a heart attack, although one reported witness to the autopsy said that Mr. Alekhine had choked on a piece of meat. Mr. Alekhine was opposed to Communism and the Soviet government, and conspiracy theories assert that he was murdered and the evidence altered.

War
A Bangkok high court ordered the release of Luang Pibul Songgram--Prime Minister of Thailand during the World War II Japanese occupation--and all other prisoners being held on war crimes charges.

Defense
U.S. President Harry Truman threatened to send American naval forces to the Mediterranean Sea if the U.S.S.R. did not remove her troops from Iran as agreed at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. Moscow radio announced that the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Meshed, Shanrud, and Semnan was complete, and that remaining troops woul be evacuated from Iran in five or six weeks.

Politics and government
The British Cabinet Mission, consisting of Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A. V. Alexander, arrived in India to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership.

Science
The Soviet newspaper Izvestia reported that the U.S.S.R. would spend hundreds of millions of rubles in a five-year scientific program, including the study of atomic energy and cosmic rays.

Economics and finance
A committee of 39 Democratic and 4 Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives was formed to press for passage of the minimum wage bill.

Golf
Sam Snead won the Greensboro Open with a record-tying total score of 270.

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Silver Dollar--Art Mooney and his Orchestra

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): If--Perry Como (Best Seller--3rd week at #1; Disc Jockey--4th week at #1); The Tennessee Waltz--Patti Page (Jukebox--12th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Be My Love--Mario Lanza (4th week at #1)
2 If--Perry Como
3 My Heart Cries for You--Guy Mitchell
--Dinah Shore
--Vic Damone
--Jimmy Wakely
4 You’re Just in Love--Perry Como
5 The Tennessee Waltz--Patti Page
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Les Paul and Mary Ford
--Jo Stafford
6 Aba Daba Honeymoon--Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter
7 The Roving Kind--Guy Mitchell
--The Weavers
8 So Long (It’s Been Good to Know You)--Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra and the Weavers
9 A Penny a Kiss--Tony Martin and Dinah Shore
10 Mockin’ Bird Hill--Les Paul and Mary Ford
--Patti Page

Singles entering the chart were You and Your Beautiful Eyes by Dean Martin (#32); Oh, What a Face! by Phil Harris (#33); and Vesti la Giubba (On with the Play) by Mario Lanza (#38). You and Your Beautiful Eyes was the other side of his version of Tonda Wonda Hoy, charting at #37. Aba Daba Honeymoon was from the movie Two Weeks with Love (1950).

War
Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command General Douglas MacArthur reported that South Korea had been "substantially cleared" of Communist troops, and threatened an extension of military operations to Chinese "coastal and interior areas."

Defense
U.S. Defense Secretary George Marshall revealed in his semi-annual report that U.S. defense production was nearing the highest levels of World War II.

Energy
Argentine President Juan Peron claimed that "controlled release of atomic energy" had been produced in Argentina on a "technical" scale.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Wooden Heart--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: The Prime Mover, starring Dane Clark and Buddy Ebsen

At the movies
Town Without Pity, directed by Gottfried Reinhardt, and starring Kirk Douglas, Barbara Rütting, Christine Kaufmann, and E. G. Marshall, opened in theatres in West Germany.





Politics and government
The Québec government of Premier Jean Lesage announced the creation of the Ministry of Cultural Affairs, and under it, the Office de la langue française (OLF), responsible for promoting the French language in Québec.

Education
The Québec government established the Royal Commission of Inquiry on Education (Parent Commission), chaired by Monsignor Alphonse-Marie Parent, vice-rector of Université Laval. The rest of the members were publicly named a month later, and the commission held its first hearings on December 5, 1961.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Hot Love--T. Rex

War
Operation Lam Song 719, the 44-day U.S.-South Vietnamese invasion of Laos ended when the last South Vietnamese units pulled out under heavy Communist assaults. South Vietnam reported 1,146 killed and 4,235 wounded over the 44 days. The United States lost 66 helicopter crewmen, with 79 wounded. 94 U.S. helicopters and 5 planes were destroyed. South Vietnam claimed that 13,668 North Vietnamese troops had been killed and 167 taken prisoner, along with 6,657 weapons captured, 120 tanks and 297 trucks destroyed, and tons of ammunition, weapons, and food taken. Unreported masses of South Vietnamese equipment, including tanks, artillery, and helicopters were also lost.

Law
The Québec Police Commission recommended forming a contingency plan for emergencies, after examining the Montréal police walkout of October 7, 1969.

Transportation
The U.S. Senate voted to end government sponsorship of the supersonic transport.

40 years ago
1981

Politics and government
Progressive Conservative Members of Parliament filibustered in the Canadian House of Commons in an effort to halt Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's constitutional proposals.

Crime
Britain’s "Great Train Robber," Ronnie Biggs, was rescued by Barbados police after being kidnapped in Rio de Janeiro several days earlier.

Economics and finance
The United States Labor Department announced that consumer prices had risen 1% during February, probably because of the administration of President Ronald Reagan’s decontrol of oil prices.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Unchained Melody--The Righteous Brothers (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Crazy--Seal (3rd week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C & C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams
2 Hello Afrika--Dr. Alban featuring Leila K.
3 Kränk di net--Jazz Gitti & her Disco Killers
4 Sister Soul & Mr. Beat--Beat 4 Feet featuring Kim Cooper
5 Unchained Melody--The Righteous Brothers
6 Joyride--Roxette
7 Crazy--Seal
8 3 A.M. Eternal (Live at the S.S.L.)--The KLF
9 Fantasy--Black Box
10 To Love Somebody--Jimmy Somerville

Singles entering the chart were Blue Hotel by Chris Isaak (#15); G.L.A.D. by Kim Appleby (#27); Solid Gold by Ashley & Jackson (#28); and No Coke by Dr. Alban (#29).

Died on this date
John Kerr, 76. Governor-General of Australia, 1974-1977. Sir John, who took office as Governor-General after serving as Chief Justice of New South Wales, was in office during a constitutional crisis in 1975 that resulted in his dismissal of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and asking Malcolm Fraser to form a government.

Religion
It was the last Sunday for Rev. Albert Runge as senior pastor at Beulah Alliance Church in Edmonton. Pastor Runge had been at Beulah for 9½ years, and thought it was a good time to step down. He moved to Abbotsford, British Columbia to become senior pastor at Seven Oaks Alliance Church, while Keith Taylor replaced him at Beulah Alliance.

Hockey
NHL
Los Angeles 4 @ Edmonton 3 (OT)

CIAU
Men’s championship final
Quebec at Trois Rivieres 7 Alberta 2

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Mysterious Girl--Peter Andre featuring Bubbler Ranx (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Macarena--Los Del Rio

#1 single in Switzerland: Children--Robert Miles (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): Children--Robert Miles (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Mark Goodkey, 22. Canadian hockey player. Mr. Goodkey was a defenceman with the University of Alberta (1993-96), scoring 11 points in 50 games. He was playing in a recreational game in Stettler, Alberta, and dropped to block a shot with 4 minutes remaining in the game. The puck struck him in the neck, breaking his neck and causing an artery to explode, killing him instantly. The Golden Bears instituted a scholarship in Mr. Goodkey's honour.

Space
As part of mission STS-76, Mission Specialist Shannon Lucid transferred from the U.S. space shuttle Atlantis to the Russian space station Mir to begin a 4½-month stay, becoming the first American woman to go aboard the station.



Basketball
NBA
Cleveland 90 @ Vancouver 85

The Grizzlies' loss to the Cavaliers at Pacific Coliseum was their 18th straight, making them the first team to have two losing streaks of at least 18 games in the same season.

20 years ago
2001

Figure skating
At the world championships at General Motors Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Michelle Kwan of the United States captured her fourth career gold medal in the women’s singles competition. Fellow American Sarah Hughes won the bronze medal.



10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Richard Leacock, 89. U.K. film producer and director. Mr. Leacock produced, directed, and photographed documentaries in a career spanning more than 50 years, and was a pioneer of direct cinema and cinéma vérité. He and fellow documentarian D.A. Pennebaker formed a production company in 1966. Mr. Leacock moved to Paris in 1989, and died there.

War
Canadian F-14 jets helped to enforce the United Nations' no-fly zone over Libya, driving tanks loyal to Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi out of Misrata and destroying an ammunition depot.

Energy
The government of Quebec struck a deal with the government of Canada to allow the province to draw all natural-gas royalties from Old Harry, deposits in a disputed area in the Gulf of St. Lawrence off the Magdalen Islands.

March 23, 2021

220 years ago
1801

Died on this date
Pavel I, 46. Czar of Russia, 1796-1801. Pavel I acceded to the throne upon the death of his mother Catherine II "the Great." He adopted the laws of succession to the Russian throne, which lasted until the end of the Romanov dynasty and of the Russian Empire. Czar Paul intervened in the French Revolutionary Wars and added Kartli and Kakheti in Eastern Georgia into the empire. He introduced reforms providing for better treatment of the peasantry, which angered the nobility. Czar Pavel was at St. Michael's Castle in St. Petersburg when he was murdered by a band of military officers who had been dismissed. When Czar Pavel refused to sign his abdication, they struck him with a sword, strangled him, and finally trampled him to death inside his bedroom. He was succeeded on the throne by his son Aleksandr I, 23, who was in the castle and had consented to the abdication, but hadn't thought it would lead to murder.

200 years ago
1821

War
Greek revolutionary forces under the command of Generals Theodoros Kolokotronis, Petros Mavromichalis and Papaflessas took the city of Kalamata, liberating it from Ottoman rule.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Roger Martin du Gard. French author. Mr. Martin du Gard was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibault." He died on August 22, 1958 at the age of 77.

Hermann Staudinger. German chemist. Dr. Staudinger was awarded the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry." He died on September 8, 1965 at the age of 84.

Lacey Hearn. U.S. runner. Mr. Hearn was a middle-distance runner specializing in the 1500 metre distance. He won a bronze medal in that event and was part of the team that won a silver medal in the 4 mile team race at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis. Mr. Hearn died on October 19, 1969 at the age of 88.

120 years ago
1901

War
Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured at his headquarters in Palanan, Isabela by Macabebe Scouts forces led by General Frederick Funston.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Donald Campbell. U.K. auto racing and speedboat driver. Mr. Campbell set eight world speed records on land and water during the 1950s and '60s. He was killed on January 4, 1967 at the age of 45 while attempting to break his own record in his speedboat Bluebird K7.

Politics and government
Mary Ellen Smith was appointed as minister without portfolio in the British Columbia government of Premier John Oliver, becoming the first female Cabinet member in the British Empire. She resigned just eight months later, stating that “a Cabinet minister without portfolio is as a fifth wheel on the political couch, a superfluity.”

90 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Lion’s Mane

Died on this date
Sukhdev Thapar, 23; Bhagat Singh, 23; Shivaram Rajguru, 22. Indian revolutionists. Messrs. Singh and Rajguru were socialists who assassinated Assistant Police Superintendent John P. Saunders on December 17, 1928 in reprisal for the recent death of Indian independence activist Lala Lajpat Rai, who had died a month earlier, 18 days after being beaten by British police while leading a peaceful protest in Lahore. Mr. Thapar was involved in the assassination of Mr. Saunders, and was arrested and sentenced to death after bombings at the Central Assembly Hall in New Delhi in 1929. The three men were hanged in the Lahore jail.

80 years ago
1941

War
German aircraft bombed Malta for the third straight day.

Diplomacy
Japanese Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka stopped over in Moscow on his way to Berlin.

Transportation
The Vichy French government authorized construction of a railroad across 1,500 miles of the Sahara Desert to link France's northern and Equatorial African possessions.

Academia
The Rapp-Coudert Committee investigating Communist activity in New York colleges reported to the New York state legislature that the New York college system should not be judged on the basis of the Communist activities exposed in recent weeks.

Labour
The eight-day Congress of Industrial Organizations strike at the Los Angeles plant of Harvill Aircraft Die Casting Corporation was settled.

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Oh! What it Seemed to Be--Frankie Carle and His Orchestra with Marjorie Hughes (Best Seller--2nd week at #1; Airplay--1st week at #1; Juke Box--2nd week at #1; Honor Roll of Hits--3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Francisco Largo Caballero, 76. Prime Minister of Spain, 1936-1937. Mr. Largo was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), which formed part of the government of the Second Spanish Republic. He led the Marxist wing of the party, and took office as Prime Minister on September 4, 1936, several months into the Spanish Civil War. He was forced to resign on May 17, 1937, and was succeeded by fellow PSOE member Juan Negrín. When the Republic was defeated by the forces of Francisco Franco in 1939, Mr. Largo fled to France. He spent most of World War II in a Nazi concentration camp, but was liberated at the end of the war, and died in exile in Paris.

Gilbert Lewis, 70. U.S. chemist. Dr. Lewis was known for the discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize 35 times, but never won, while his rival Irving Langmuir had won the Nobel Prize in 1932. After having lunch with Dr. Langmuir, Dr. Lewis played a game of bridge and then went to his laboratory to work on an experiment with hydrogen cyanide. He was found dead, as broken lines had allowed deadly fumes into the room. The official cause of death was coronary artery disease, but many suspected suicide.

Diplomacy
United Nations Secretary-General Trygve Lie named John B. Hutson of the United States as assistant Secretary-General in charge of administrative and financial services.

U.S. President Harry Truman named Averell Harriman as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom.

Labour
Walter Reuther announced that he would run against R.J. Thomas for the presidency of the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Auto Workers.

70 years ago
1951

On the radio
Hear it Now, hosted by Edward R. Murrow, on CBS

Tonight's program included news about crime boss Frank Costello's testimony before the U.S. Senate Crime Investigating Committee's hearings in New York.

At the movies
Insurance Investigator, directed by George Blair, and starring Richard Denning, Audrey Long, John Eldredge, and Hillary Brooke, opened in theatres.



War
U.S. paratroops landed near Munsan, northwest of Seoul, eliminating the last major Communist pocket in Korea below the 38th Parallel.

World events
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine announced plans to settle 50,000 Arab refugees from Palestine in Egypt's Sinai desert.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman signed a 90-day extension of federal rent controls.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the cost-of-living index had risen 1.3% between January 15 and February 15, to a record 184.2% of the 1935-1939 average.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Sailor--Petula Clark

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Wooden Heart--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Murder Under Glass

At the movies
Wings of Chance, a movie filmed in Jasper National Park and Edmonton, Alberta had its world premiere screening at the Rialto Theatre in Edmonton. The film was directed by Edward Dew, and starred James Brown and Frances Rafferty. In addition to the feature, a highlight film was shown of the March 13 world heavyweight championship fight between champion Floyd Patterson and former champion Ingemar Johansson.

Died on this date
Valentin Bondarenko, 24. U.S.S.R. cosmonaut. Senior Lieutenant Bondarenko, a native of Ukraine, joined the Soviet Air Force in 1957 and was one of the first 20 cosmonauts selected in 1960. He was in the 10th day of a 15-day endurance experiment in a low pressure altitude chamber at the Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow when a fire broke out after he tossed an alcohol-soaked cotton ball that landed on top of a hot plate that was turned on. The atmosphere in the chamber, which was more than 50% oxygen, caused a fire to spread rapidly, and it took an attending physician half an hour to reach Lt. Bondarenko, who suffered third-degree burns over most of his body. Lt. Bondarenko died from shock 16 hours later; news of his death was suppressed by the Soviet government until 1980.

Diplomacy
The United Kingdom, after consultations with the United States, submitted to the Soviet Union proposals for ending the civil war in Laos. The British note called on the U.S.S.R. to join in an appeal to both the Laotian government and the Pathet Lao rebels for an immediate cease-fire, and proposed that the U.K. and U.S.S.R., as co-chairs on the 1954 Geneva conference on Indo-China, then call on India to reconvene the International Control Commission for Laos to verify the effectiveness of the cease-fire. The note agreed to a Soviet proposal for an international conference "to consider a settlement of Laotian problems," but stipulated that the conference would be held only after the commission had confirmed a cease-fire.The British proposed that the conferees include those from the 1954 Geneva conference--U.K.; U.S.A.; U.S.S.R.; France; Communist China; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; and the Communist Viet Minh.

Defense
In a nationally-televised press conference, U.S. President John F. Kennedy said that the United States would not permit Laos to be taken over by externally supported pro-Communist rebel forces: "No one should doubt our resolution on this point. We are faced with a clear and one-sided threat of a change in the internationally agreed position of Laos. This threat runs counter to the will of the Laotian people, who wish only to be independent and neutral. It is posed rather by the military operation of internal dissident elements directed from outside the country. This is what must end, if peace is to be achieved in Southeast Asia." President Kennedy used three large maps to point out the areas of Laos captured by Communists. He said that if the Communist attacks in Laos did not stop, the U.S. and its allies, particularly within SEATO, "will have to consider their response." He expressed strong support for the Western proposals for a cease-fire and negotiations contained in a British note to the U.S.S.R.



Politics and government
U.S. President Kennedy was interviewed by NBC correspondent Ray Scherer for the special program JFK Report No. 2. Mr. Kennedy talked about the members of his staff and their duties.



The Democratic Party won 44 of 82 seats in the Legislative Council in the Ugandan general election. It was the first time direct elections to the Legislative Council had been held across the entire country. The Uganda People's Congress was second with 35 seats.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Butterfly--Danyel Gérard (5th week at #1)

World events
A three-man junta led by Argentina’s Army Commander Alejandro Agustin Lanusse ousted President Roberto Marcelo Levingston, following a week of severe rioting in Cordoba.

Politics and government
Brian Faulkner was elected leader of the Ulster Unionist Party and was sworn in as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland the same day, three days after the resignation of James Chichester-Clark from both positions.

The United States House of Representatives voted 400-19 to ratify the proposed 26th Amendment to the Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18 years in all elections. Within an hour of the House vote, the state legislatures of Minnesota and Delaware had ratified the measure, and Tennessee, Connecticut, and Washington followed within a few hours.

Diplomacy
U.S. Senator Henry Jackson (Democrat--Washington) cast doubt on the U.S. position on the Middle East, asserting that legitimizing a Soviet military presence in Egypt under the guise of a peacekeeping role would be "courting disaster." Senate majority leader Mike Mansfield (Democrat--Montana) cautioned against setting U.S. troops in the midst of a world tinderbox. Senator J. William Fulbright (Democrat--Arkansas), chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and an opponent of the Vietnam policy of the administration of President Richard Nixon, backed Secretary of State William Rogers’ support for a multinational peacekeeping force, charging that Israel "leaves the impression that as long as we support her she will not withdraw from anything."

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Antmusic--Adam and the Ants

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Machikado Twilight--Chanels (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Another One Bites the Dust--Queen

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Fade to Grey--Visage (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Beatrice Tinsley, 40. U.K.-born astronomer. Dr. Tinsley moved to New Zealand with her family at the age of 5, and moved permanently to the United States in 1963. She taught at the University of Texas and then at Yale University, making fundamental contributions to the understanding of how galaxies evolve, grow and die. Dr. Tinsley died of cancer.

Law
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could require, with some exceptions, parental notification when teenage girls sought abortions.

Crime
Ronnie Biggs, the leader of Britain’s "Great Train Robbery" of 1963 who had escaped from prison in 1970 and had been reported missing from his Brazilian home on March 18 after being carried out of a Rio de Janeiro restaurant two days earlier, turned up as a prisoner in Barbados, having been kidnapped by agents of a London-based security company.

Health
The British government banned all animal transport on the Isle of Wight and in southern Hampshire in an attempt to contain a new outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease. Infected animals had been discovered in Jersey the week before, the first cases in the U.K. in 13 years.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Sucker DJ (A Witch for Love)--Dimples D.

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Se Stiamo Insieme--Riccardo Cocciante (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): The Grease Megamix--John Travolta & Olivia Newton-John (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Take No Crap--Cut 'N' Move (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Crazy--Seal (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Wind of Change--Scorpions (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): The Stonk-- Hale and Pace

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Liefde Voor Muziek--Raymond v/h Groenewoud (2nd week at #1)
2 Do the Bartman--The Simpsons
3 Crazy--Seal
4 The Grease Megamix--John Travolta & Olivia Newton-John
5 Because I Love You (The Postman Song)--Stevie B.
6 (I Wanna Give You) Devotion--Nomad featuring Mc Mikee Freedom
7 3 A.M. Eternal (Live at the S.S.L.)--The KLF
8 Papa--Stef Bos
9 Joyride--Roxette
10 Goede Tijden Slechte Tijden--Lisa Boray & Louis De Vries

Singles entering the chart were Unfinished Sympathy by Massive (#16); Let There Be Love by Simple Minds (#24); Should I Stay or Should I Go by the Clash (#31); Nobody Else by Rene Froger (#34); Uptown by Womack & Womack (#36); and Get the Funk Out by Extreme (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 One More Try--Timmy -T-
2 Someday--Mariah Carey
3 Coming Out of the Dark--Gloria Estefan
3 Show Me the Way--Styx
4 This House--Tracie Spencer
5 Get Here--Oleta Adams
6 Hold You Tight--Tara Kemp
7 You're in Love--Wilson Phillips
8 I've Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat
9 Rescue Me--Madonna
10 Sadeness Part 1--Enigma

Singles entering the chart were Silent Lucidity by Queensryche (#67); More than Words by Extreme (#81); Another Like My Lover by Jasmine Guy (#82); My Heart is Failing Me by Riff (#83); Wrap My Body Tight by Johnny Gill (#88); Do You Want Me by Salt-N-Pepa (#91); and Here I Am (Come and Take Me) by UB40 (#97).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Someday--Mariah Carey (2nd week at #1)
2 One More Try--Timmy -T-
3 Coming Out of the Dark--Gloria Estefan
4 All the Man that I Need--Whitney Houston
5 This House--Tracie Spencer
6 All This Time--Sting
7 Hold You Tight--Tara Kemp
8 Show Me the Way--Styx
9 You’re in Love--Wilson Phillips
10 I’ve Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat

Singles entering the chart were Save Some Love by Keedy (#61); I Like the Way (The Kissing Game) by Hi-Five (#74); Silent Lucidity by Queensryche (#79); Heartbreak Station by Cinderella (#81); More than Words by Extreme (#87); One in a Million by Trixter (#88); How Much is Enough by the Fixx (#89); and My Heart is Failing Me by Riff (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Someday--Mariah Carey (2nd week at #1)
2 All This Time--Sting
3 Coming Out of the Dark--Gloria Estefan
4 Wicked Game--Chris Isaak
5 Waiting for Love--Alias
6 You’re in Love--Wilson Phillips
7 Show Me the Way--Styx
8 Rescue Me--Madonna
9 Waiting for that Day--George Michael
10 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C+C Music Company featuring Freedom Williams

Singles entering the chart were Highwire by the Rolling Stones (#34); Rhythm of My Heart by Rod Stewart (#37); I Gotta Go by Barney Bentall (#64); That's Freedom by John Farnham (#66); Heartbreak Station by Cinderella (#70); Baby Baby by Amy Grant (#75); Animal Heart by Glass Tiger (#79); Valentine by Nils Lofgren (#81); and Right Here, Right Now by Jesus Jones (#85).

Died on this date
Parkash Singh, 77. Indian soldier. Major Singh was serving with the British Indian Army during World War II when he was awarded the Victoria Cross for driving off Japanese soldiers while aiding Indian comrades in combat on the Mayu Peninsula in Burma in Jaunary 1943. He died in London while undergoing heart surgery, eight days before his 78th birthday.

War
The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invaded Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking the 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.

Politics and government
British Prime Minister John Major outlined plans for a "citizen's charter" to maintain standards and improve "every part of the public services."

Economics and finance
Los Angeles Kings' owner Bruce McNall and centre Wayne Gretzky bought a rare 1910 Honus Wagner baseball card at auction at Sotheby's in New York for $451,000, breaking the record price of $115,000 in 1989 for another Honus Wagner card.

Hockey
NHL
Los Angeles 8 @ Calgary 4
Winnipeg 3 @ Edmonton 0

CIAU
Men's championship semi-finals
Alberta 5 Waterloo 4 (2 OT)

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): One of Us--Joan Osborne (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): Con te partirò--Andrea Bocelli (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Wallonia (Ultratop 40): Children--Robert Miles

#1 single in France (SNEP): Children--Robert Miles

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Per spoor (Kedeng kedeng)--Guus Meeuwis & Vagant (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): How Deep Is Your Love--Take That (3rd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Because You Loved Me--Celine Dion
2 Nobody Knows--The Tony Rich Project
3 Sittin' Up in My Room--Brandy
4 Not Gon' Cry--Mary J. Blige
5 One Sweet Day--Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men
6 Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)--R. Kelly featuring Ronald Isley
7 Ironic--Alanis Morissette
8 Missing--Everything But the Girl
9 Follow You Down/Til I Hear it from You--Gin Blossoms
10 One of Us--Joan Osborne

Singles entering the chart were Real Love by the Beatles (#11); Count on Me by Whitney Houston and CeCe Winans (#32); Release Me by Angelina (#74); Renee by Lost Boyz (#79); Funkorama by Redman (#82); Can't Get You Off My Mind by Lenny Kravitz (#96); and Esa Nena Linda by Artie the 1 Man Party (#98). Count on Me was from the movie Waiting to Exhale (1995).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Sittin' Up in My Room--Brandy (2nd week at #1)
2 Nobody Knows--The Tony Rich Project
3 Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)--R. Kelly (featuring Ronald Isley and Ernie Isley)
4 Because You Loved Me--Céline Dion
5 One Sweet Day--Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men
6 Not Gon' Cry--Mary J. Blige
7 Til I Hear it from You/Follow You Down--Gin Blossoms
8 Wonderwall--Oasis
9 Lady--D’Angelo
10 Ironic--Alanis Morissette

Singles entering the chart were Ironic; Keep On, Keepin' On by MC Lyte featuring Xscape (#62); Give Me...a Reason by Buffy (#78); High and Dry by Radiohead (#80); Scent of Attraction by Patra with Aaron Hall (#90); Stairway to Heaven by Pure Soul (#92); and Slow Jams by Quincy Jones featuring Babyface & Tamia with Portrait & Barry White (#93).

Politics and government
Incumbent President Lee Teng-hui, representing the Kuomintang, was elected President of Taiwan with Lien Chan as Vice President in the country's first direct presidential election. Mr. Lee took 54.0% of the vote to 21.1% for Democratic Progressive Party candidate Peng Ming‑min.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Rowland Evans, 79. U.S. journalist. Mr. Evans was a conservative political reporter in Washington, D.C. who partnered with Robert Novak to write a syndicated column, which began running in newspapers in 1963. The newsletter Evans-Novak Political Report began publication in 1967. The pair hosted the television panel program Evans & Novak on CNN from the early 1980s until Mr. Evans' death from esophageal cancer, just over a month before his 80th birthday.

David McTaggart, 68. Canadian badminton player and environmentalist. Mr. McTaggart, a native of Vancouver, won the men's singles competition in the Canadian national championships for three straight years (1956-1958) and was a successful property developer, but became best known for his environmental activism. He was involved with Greenpeace in its early years in the 1970s, and became chairman of Greenpeace International upon its founding in 1979. Mr. McTaggart founded the Third Millennium Foundation, a peace organization, in 1987. He was killed in a car accident near his home in Italy.

Space
The Russian space station Mir, the largest spacecraft (143 tons/130 metric tons) ever to decay, fell to Earth, showering an estimated 1,500 fragments of 44 pounds (20 kilograms) or more over an uninhabited area 120 miles (193 kilometres) wide by 3,600 miles (5795 km) long in the South Pacific Ocean, near Fiji. Mir had been in Earth orbit for 15 years.

World events
U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell announced that he had ordered the expulsion of more than 40 Russian diplomats, saying that they were intelligence officials working as diplomats. Russia retaliated by expelling 4 U.S. diplomats from Moscow and asking 46 more to leave by July.

War
Macedonia used attack helicopters against ethnic Albanian rebels for the first time since the outbreak of violence several weeks earlier.

Politics and government
Former Reform Party of Canada leader Preston Manning said that he was retiring from politics to enter the private sector.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Elizabeth Taylor, 79. U.K.-born actress. Dame Elizabeth appeared in more than 50 movies and more than a dozen television programs and made-for-television movies in a career spanning almost 60 years. She was one of the biggest stars of the 1950s and '60s, receiving five Academy Award nominations, winning for her starring performances in BUtterfield 8 (1960) and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966). Dame Elizabeth's career began to decline in the late 1960s, but she maintained her status as a celebrity. She attracted publicity for her eight marriages, and was twice married to actor and frequent co-star Richard Burton. Dame Elizabeth suffered from health problems for much of her life, and died of congestive heart failure, 24 days after her 79th birthday.

Law
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper repealed the controversial "faint hope" clause, which allowed those convicted of first and second-degree murder to request an early parole hearing after serving 15 years.

Science
A Suncor Energy shovel operator discovered bones, believed to be of the Ankylosaur group of dinosaurs from around 110 million years ago, at an oilsands mine north of Fort McMurray, Alberta.