August 19, 2011

450 years ago
1561

Britannica
Mary, Queen of Scots, 18, returned to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

390 years ago
1621

Born on this date
Gerbrand van den Eeckhout. Dutch artist. Mr. Eeckhout, often referred to by just his first name, was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age, and was a favourite student of Rembrandt. He was known for his portraits and paintings of religious scenes. Mr. Eeckhout died on September 23, 1674 at the age of 53.

380 years ago
1631

Born on this date
John Dryden. English poet, playwright, and critic. Mr. Dryden was the leading English writer of the Restoration period in the late 17th century, introducing numerous literary forms and rules. He was appointed England's first Poet Laureate, holding the position from 1668-1688. Mr. Dryden died on May 12, 1700 at the age of 68.

320 years ago
1691

Died on this date
Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, 53 or 54. Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, 1689-1691. Fazıl Mustafa Pasha followed his father, elder brother, and two brothers-in-law as Grand Vizier (Prime Minister). He was killed in the Battle of Slankamen and was succeeded in office by Arabacı Ali Pasha.

War
Holy Roman Empire forces commanded by Margrave of Baden-Baden Louis Wilhelm defeated Ottoman Empire forces commanded by Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha in the Battle of Slankamen in what is now part of Serbia.

300 years ago
1711

Born on this date
Edward Boscawen. U.K. military officer and politician. Admiral of the Blue Boscawen joined the Royal Navy at the age of 12 in 1723, and served in various wars, earning the nicknames "Old Dreadnought" and "Wry-necked Dick." He became the Member of Parliament for Truro in 1742, but was seldom active as a politician because of his naval commitments. Admiral Boscawen was promoted to General of Marines, but died of typhoid fever on January 10, 1761 at the age of 49.

150 years ago
1861

Adventure
Irish physicist John Tyndall, accompanied by guides J.J. Bennen and Ulrich Wenger, completed the first ascent of the Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.

140 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Orville Wright. U.S. aviator. Mr. Wright and his older brother Wilbur made the first powered flight of a heavier-than-air craft at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903, beginning the age of aviation. The brothers co-founded the Wright Company in their hometown of Dayton, Ohio in 1909. Wilbur died of typhoid fever in 1912 at the age of 45; Orville sold the company in 1915, and made his last flight as a pilot in 1918. He spent his remaining years as an adviser with various aviation organizations. Orville Wright died of a heart attack on January 30, 1948 at the age of 76.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
George Shepherd, 1st Baron Shepherd. U.K. politician. Mr. Shepherd was a Labour Party functionary before being elevated to the House of Lords in 1946 as Baron Shepherd of Spalding. He was Lord-in-Waiting (Government Whip (1946-1949); Deputy Chief Whip of the House of Lords (July-October 1949); and Chief Whip of the House of Lords from October 1949 until his death on December 4, 1954 at the age of 73.

George Enescu. Romanian musician, composer, and conductor. Mr. Enescu was a violinist and pianist who was a child prodigy who performed and conducted internationally in a career spanning more than half a century. He wrote five symphonies, an opera, and orchestral, piano, and chamber works. Mr. Enescu fled to Paris after German forces occupied Romania during World War II, and died in Paris on May 4, 1955 at the age of 73.

90 years ago
1921

Baseball
The Detroit Tigers and Boston Red Sox split a doubleheader at Fenway Park in Boston, with the Red Sox winning the first game 12-8 and the Tigers winning the second game 10-0. Ty Cobb of the Tigers collected 2 hits in the first game and 3 more in the second game, including a single off Elmer Myers for his 3,000th career major league hit.

Amos Strunk batted 4 for 6 with a double, run, and 4 runs batted in to help the Chicago White Sox defeat the New York Yankees 13-9 before 15,000 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Shovel Hodge (5-5) pitched a complete game victory despite allowing 15 hits, 6 bases on balls, and 9 earned runs.

Dave Robertson drove in 8 runs with a grand slam, a 2-run home run, and a 2-run double to help the Pittsburgh Pirates rout the Philadelphia Phillies 14-3 in the first game of a doubleheader before 6,000 fans at National League Park in Philadelphia. Bill Hubbell (6-12) pitched a 7-hitter to outduel Jimmy Zinn (7-5), who allowed 12 hits and 4 earned runs, as the Phillies won the second game 4-1.

80 years ago
1931

Baseball
Lefty Grove (25-2) tied an American League record with his 16th consecutive win, pitching a 7-hit complete game for the Philadelphia Athletics as they beat the Chicago White Sox 4-2 before 5,000 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. The White Sox scored both their runs in the 9th and had a runner at third base with 2 out, but Frank Grube grounded out to shortstop to end the game. Red Faber (6-11) pitched a 12-hit complete game defeat.

Earl Averill drove in 4 runs with a pair of home runs and an outfield fly to help the Cleveland Indians defeat the Washington Nationals 10-5 in the first game of a doubleheader before 10,000 fans at League Park in Cleveland. Joe Vosmik drove in 4 runs with a single and a triple to help the Indians win the second game 10-8 to complete the sweep.

The Boston Red Sox scored 4 runs in the top of the 1st inning and withstood a 3-run rally in the 9th to defeat the Detroit Tigers 9-8 before 2,000 fans at Navin Field in Detroit. Ray Hayworth was on second base with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th, but pinch hitter Mark Koenig popped out to shortstop to end the game.

Red Kress batted 3 for 4 with a home run, 2 doubles, and 3 runs batted in, while Ski Melillo was 4 for 5 with a double and a run to help the St. Louis Browns defeat the New York Yankees 7-3 before 2,500 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. The Yankees scored all their runs in the 9th and had Myril Hoag on second base with 2 out, but Sam Byrd popped out to shortstop to end the game. Lefty Stewart (11-13) pitched an 11-hit complete game victory over George Pipgras (5-5).

Second baseman Tony Cuccinello made an error on a ground ball by Bill Terry with the bases loaded and none out in the bottom of the 9th inning, allowing Hugh Critz and Chick Fullis to score and give the New York Giants a 6-5 win over the Cincinnati Reds before 4,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York, completing a comeback from a 5-1 deficit.

75 years ago
1936

Died on this date
Federico Garcia Lorca, 38. Spanish poet. One of the "Generation of '27," Mr. Garcia Lorca was believed to have been shot to death by an anti-Communist death squad. His death took place a few weeks after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

70 years ago
1941

War
av The German command announced that German troops, aided by Romanian, Hungarian, and Italian units, had captured all of Ukraine west of the Dnieper River, and that the attack on Odessa had begun. German forces launched an all-out attack on Tallinn, Estonia.

Diplomacy
U.S. Senator Hiram Johnson (Republican--California) charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt had "violated the Constitution" in making an alliance with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to destroy German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler and establish a new world order. Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King left Montreal aboard a bomber en route to the United Kingdom, where he was expected to confer with Mr. Churchill.

Politics and government
After the deadlocked Colombian Liberal Party convention adjourned without choosing a presidential candidate, 62 of the 120 delegates named former President Alfonso Lopez to head their ticket in the February 1942 election.

Society
Rev. Hubert Beller, spiritual director of the New York branch of the National Catholic Women's Union, said that birth control threatened the United States with "physical and moral decay."

Baseball
The Brooklyn Dodgers swept a doubleheader from the Pittsburgh Pirates before 9,372 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, winning 9-0 and 6-2, with Curt Davis and Hugh Casey the respective winning pitchers. Pittsburgh manager Frankie Frisch was ejected from the second game by umpire Jocko Conlan when he came onto the field carrying an umbrella to protest the playing conditions.

The Detroit Tigers scored 8 runs in the 2nd inning and coasted to a 12-3 win over the New York Yankees in the first game of a doubleheader before 17,570 fans at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. The Yankees won the second game 8-3.

Jimmy Bloodworth batted 4 for 5 with a double and a game-winning 2-run home run in the top of the 12th inning as the Washington Nationals came back from an early 4-0 deficit to beat the Cleveland Indians 8-6 before just 500 fans at League Park in Cleveland.

Thornton Lee pitched a 6-hitter and Johnny Humphries followed with a 4-hitter as the Chicago White Sox swept a doubleheader from the Philadelphia Athletics 4-0 and 1-0 before 7,947 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Les McCrabb allowed 8 hits and Johnny Babich 5 in pitching complete games as the respective losing pitchers. The first game was played in 1 hour 37 minutes and the second game in 1 hour 44 minutes.

Johnny Berardino hit a solo home run in the 3rd inning and then singled home Walt Judnich with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th to give the St. Louis Browns a 3-2 win over the Boston Red Sox in the first game of a doubleheader before 2,100 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. Boston left fielder Ted Williams hit a solo home run on top of the right field pavillion roof in the first game and added 2 homers in the second game as the Red Sox won 10-7. Mr. Judnich homered and drove in 4 runs for the Browns in the second game.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Mr. Moto, starring James Monks, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Beauty and the Avenger

Died on this date
Ollie Hanson, 55. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Hanson played 2 games with the Chicago Cubs (1921), losing them both, with an earned run average of 7.00, batting 0 for 3. He played 10 seasons in the minor leagues (1919-1928), winning at least 88 games and losing at least 93.

Diplomacy
In a note to the United States, the U.S.S.R. charged that cancellation of the 1937 U.S.-U.S.S.R. trade agreement contradicted friendship appeals from the U.S. Congress and President Harry Truman.

Defense
Republican Party minorities of the U.S. Senate Armes Services and Foreign Relations Committees issued a statement supporting General Douglas MacArthur, and criticizing President Truman's administration's actions in the Far East as the "most desolate failure in the history of our foreign policy."

Aviation
Fred Ascani set a world closed-course speed record of 628.7 miles per hour in an F-86E jet fighter to win the Thompson Trophy in Detroit.

Protest
The World Youth Festival in East Berlin ended with an anti-American demonstration attended by 200,000.

Economics and finance
Licensed Beverages, Inc. reported that the results of a survey indicating that more whiskey was made and sold illegally than legally in the United States because of high liquor taxes.

Baseball
In one of the most memorable promotional stunts in baseball history, St. Louis Browns' owner Bill Veeck sent 3'7", 65-lb. midget Eddie Gaedel up to bat in the 1st inning of the second game of a doubleheader against the Detroit Tigers at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. For more on Mr. Gaedel, go here; here; here; and here . Gene Bearden (3-3) and Bob Cain (10-9) were the respective winning pitchers as the Tigers swept the doubleheader 5-2 and 6-2 before 18,369 fans.

The Philadelphia Athletics scored 9 runs with 2 out in the top of the 7th inning of a 15-1 rout of the New York Yankees before 29,103 fans at Yankee Stadium. Every man in the Philadelphia lineup scored at least 1 run, and center fielder Dave Philley batted 5 for 5 with a double, run, and 2 runs batted in. Morrie Martin (8-4) pitched a 7-hit complete game victory, and singled in 2 runs and scored another in the 7th.

The Boston Red Sox scored 5 runs in the top of the 1st inning and coasted to an 8-3 win over the Washington Nationals before 15,984 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington. Boston left fielder Ted Williams hit his 26th home run of the season, a 2-run blast, in the 6th.

Early Wynn (14-11) pitched a 7-hitter and doubled in a run in a 3-run 2nd inning for the Cleveland Indians as they shut out the Chicago White Sox 4-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 46,864 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. The White Sox scored 5 runs in the 7th inning to take a 7-1 lead and withstood a 5-run 8th as they held on to win the second game 7-6.

The Boston Braves scored 5 runs in the 6th inning and 7 in the 7th as they routed the Brooklyn Dodgers 13-4 before 13,713 fans at Braves Field. Warren Spahn (15-11) pitched a 7-hit complete game victory and batted 2 for 4 with a double, 2 runs, and 3 runs batted in, while Earl Torgeson drove in 4 runs with a 3-run home run and an outfield fly. Roy Campanella hit a 2-run homer as part of a 3-run 9th inning for the Dodgers.

The New York Giants scored 2 runs in the 7th inning and 3 in the 8th as they overcame a 4-0 deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Phillies 5-4 before 12,515 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia, moving to within 8 games of the National League-leading Dodgers. Monte Irvin singled to lead off the 8th and Bobby Thomson followed with a home run to tie the score. Whitey Lockman then doubled, advanced to third base on a sacrifice bunt by Sal Yvars, and scored the winning run on a single by Don Mueller.

Nippy Jones drove in 2 runs with a single in a 4-run 3rd inning and hit a solo home run in the 5th as the St. Louis Cardinals defeated the Cincinnati Reds 5-4 in the first game of a doubleheader before 18,636 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. St. Louis left fielder Stan Musial was 3 for 4 with a base on balls and a run. Cincinnati shortstop Virgil Stallcup hit a 2-run homer with 1 out in the 9th, but Cliff Chambers (9-11) retired the last 2 batters to finish his 6-hit complete game victory. Al Brazle (3-1) pitched a 5-hitter and Hal Rice had 3 hits and 2 runs batted in to lead the Cardinals to a 5-1 win in the second game to complete the sweep.

Ralph Kiner drove in 3 runs with an outfield fly in the 1st inning and his 34th home run of the season--a 2-run blow--in the 3rd to help the Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Chicago Cubs 4-2 in the first game of a doubleheader before 16,434 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. Don Carlsen (1-0) pitched a 9-hit complete game for his first major league win, outduelling Joe Hatten (3-3), who pitched an 11-hit complete game. The Pirates trailed 4-0 after 7½ innings in the second game, but scored 3 unearned runs in the 8th and 2 in the 9th to win 5-4 to complete the sweep. Pinch hitter Bill Howerton led off the 8th inning by reaching first base on an error by first baseman Chuck Connors and eventually coming around to score, remained in the game in right field, and homered to lead off the 9th. Tom Saffell followed Mr. Howerton's home run with a bunt single, advanced to second base on a sacrifice bunt by Pete Castiglione, advanced to third on an outfield fly by Catfish Metkovich, and scored the winning run on a single by pinch hitter Clyde McCullough. Chicago starting pitcher Johnny Klippstein opened the scoring by leading off the 3rd inning with a home run, and was removed from the game with 2 out in the 8th without allowing an earned run. He was relieved by veteran Dutch Leonard (10-4), who took the loss. Vern Law (4-8) pitched a perfect 9th inning to get the win in relief of Murry Dickson, who allowed 10 hits and 4 earned runs in 8 innings.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door--Eddie Hodges (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Legata a un granello di sabbia--Nico Fidenco (8th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Wheels (Vier Schimmel, ein Wagen)--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (13th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Hello Mary Lou--Ricky Nelson (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): You Don't Know--Helen Shapiro (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Michael--The Highwaymen
2 Tossin' and Turnin'--Bobby Lewis
3 Last Night--Mar-Keys
4 I Like it Like That (Part 1)--Chris Kenner
5 Let's Twist Again--Chubby Checker
6 Pretty Little Angel Eyes--Curtis Lee
7 Together--Connie Francis
8 Wooden Heart--Joe Dowell
9 School is Out--U.S. Bonds
10 Dum Dum--Brenda Lee

Singles entering the chart were Without You by Johnny Tillotson (#64); Crying (#68)/Candy Man (#72) by Roy Orbison; Big Cold Wind by Pat Boone (#74); Years from Now by Jackie Wilson (#75); Mexico by Bob Moore and his Orchestra (#77); More Money for You and Me by the Four Preps (#93); (Theme From) Silver City by the Ventures (#94); You're the Reason, with versions by Bobby Edwards, Joe South, and Hank Locklin (#95); Jeremiah Peabody's Poly Unsaturated Quick Dissolving Fast Acting Pleasant Tasting Green and Purple Pills by Ray Stevens (#99); St. Louis Blues by the Cousins (#100); and The Way You Look Tonight by the Lettermen (also #100).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Take Good Care of My Baby--Bobby Vee (2nd week at #1)
2 The Mountain's High--Dick and Deedee
3 Crying--Roy Orbison
4 Cutie Pie/Without You--Johnny Tillotson
5 Private Eye--Bob Luman
6 Black Land Farmer--Wink Martindale
7 Shake Shake Sherry--The Flairs
8 Little Sister/(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame--Elvis Presley
9 Who Put the Bomp (In the Bomp, Bomp, Bomp)--Barry Mann
10 Tell Me Why--The Belmonts

Singles entering the chart were Little Sister/(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame; You Mostest Girl by Bob Lee (#26); This Time by Troy Shondell (#31); Julie by Jan and Dean (#34); Till I Waltz Again with You by Bill Reeder (#41); You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby by Bobby Darin (#44); I Love How You Love Me by the Paris Sisters (#47); and Stand at Your Window by Jim Reeves (#49).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Take Good Care of My Baby--Bobby Vee (2nd week at #1)
2 Without You/Cutie Pie--Johnny Tillotson
3 Private Eye--Bob Luman
4 Crying--Roy Orbison
5 Shake Shake Sherry--The Flairs
6 The Mountain's High--Dick and Deedee
7 Michael--The Highwaymen
8 Rockin' Band--Del Erickson
9 Have a Drink on Me--Lonnie Donegan
10 Boomerang--Donnie Brooks

Singles entering the chart were (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame/Little Sister by Elvis Presley (#13); Black Land Farmer by Wink Martindale (#17); Mexico by Bob Moore and his Orchestra (#22); Jeremiah Peabody's Poly Unsaturated Quick Dissolving Fast Acting Pleasant Tasting Green and Purple Pills by Ray Stevens (#30); This Time by Troy Shondell (#32); Teen Prayer by the Velveteens (#33); Let Me Belong to You by Brian Hyland (#37); Cinderella/Kissin' on the Phone by Paul Anka (#38); I Love How You Love Me by the Paris Sisters (#39); and Sweet Little You/I Found My World by Neil Sedaka (#40).

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (1-2) 22 @ Calgary (1-2) 15
Montreal (0-2) 0 @ Edmonton (3-0) 33

The Stampeders' loss to the Roughriders at McMahon Stadium marked the last game for Joe Kapp as a Stampeder. The quarterback was traded to the British Columbia Lions three days later.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Pour un flirt--Michel Delpech (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Get it On--T. Rex (2nd week at #1)

Football
CFL
Ottawa (2-3) 28 @ Toronto (4-0) 30
Saskatchewan (2-4) 31 @ Winnipeg (1-5) 25

The game between the Roughriders and Blue Bombers at Winnipeg Stadium marked the last game for veteran Winnipeg defensive back and punter Ed Ulmer, and the only CFL game for Saskatchewan defensive end Gary Kerl.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 For Your Eyes Only--Sheena Easton
2 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
3 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
4 Hold on Tight--Electric Light Orchestra
5 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
6 In the Mood--Wildroot Orchestra
7 Gemini Dream--The Moody Blues
8 You're Not the Same Girl--Blue Northern
9 Thirsty Ears--Powder Blues
10 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer

The only single entering the chart was Stop Draggin' My Heart Around by Stevie Nicks (with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers) (#20).

War
U.S. fighters intercepted and shot down two Libyan Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets over the Gulf of Sidra.

Track and field
Renaldo Nehemiah, formerly of the University of Maryland, broke the 13-second barrier in the men's 110-metre hurdles when he was clocked in a world record 12.93 seconds at a meet in Zurich.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Say Yes--Chage and Aska (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Enter Sandman--Metallica

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')--Kate Yanai

World events
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev was briefly overthrown by a coup of Communist hardliners.

Protest
Negro groups began three days of riots targeting Hasidic Jews on the streets of Crown Heights in Brooklyn, New York after two Negro children had been hit by a car driven by a Hasidic man.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Donald Woods, 67. S.A. journalist. Mr. Woods was known for his longtime opposition to the South African racial policy of apartheid during his career as a reporter, and eventually editor-in-chief with, the East London Daily Dispatch. He befriended anti-apartheid activist Steven Biko, and was placed under a five-year ban by the government shortly after Mr. Biko's death in police custody in 1977. Mr. Woods and his family fled into exile in England, not returning until after the abolition of apartheid in 1994; his relationship with Mr. Biko and his flight were the basis for the movie Cry Freedom (1987). Mr. Woods died of cancer.

Betty Everett, 61. U.S. singer. Miss Everett was a soul singer who placed more than a dozen singles on the U.S. pop and/or rhythm and blues charts from 1963-1974. She was best known for The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in his Kiss) (1964), which reached #6 on the Billboard Hot 100; and Let it Be Me (1964), a duet with Jerry Butler, which reached #5. Miss Everett died of a heart attack after years of declining health.

Baseball
Mike Cameron had 4 hits--including 2 home runs--and batted in 8 runs to lead the Seattle Mariners to a 10-2 win over the New York Yankees before 54,339 fans at Yankee Stadium. Jamie Moyer (14-5) allowed 5 hits and 1 run--earned--to get the win over Andy Pettitte (14-7).

Jermaine Dye batted 2 for 4 with a home run, double, base on balls, and 4 runs batted in to help the Oakland Athletics defeat the Chicago White Sox 8-7 before 25,019 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Chicago left fielder Carlos Lee was 3 for 4 with a homer and 4 RBIs. Tony Graffanino singled home John Valentin with 2 out in the 9th, but Jeff Liefer struck out to end the game.