October 1, 2014

260 years ago
1754

Born on this date
Pavel I. Czar of Russia, 1796-1801. Pavel I acceded to the throne upon the death of his mother Catherine II "the Great." He adopted the laws of succession to the Russian throne, which lasted until the end of the Romanov dynasty and of the Russian Empire. Czar Paul intervened in the French Revolutionary Wars and added Kartli and Kakheti in Eastern Georgia into the empire. He introduced reforms providing for better treatment of the peasantry, which angered the nobility. Czar Pavel was 46 and was at St. Michael's Castle in St. Petersburg when he was murdered on March 23, 1801 by a band of military officers who had been dismissed. When Czar Pavel refused to sign his abdication, they struck him with a sword, strangled him, and finally trampled him to death inside his bedroom. He was succeeded on the throne by his son Aleksandr I, 23, who was in the castle and had consented to the abdication, but hadn't thought it would lead to murder.

100 years ago
1814

Diplomacy
The Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring, opened.

150 years ago
1864

Died on this date
Rose O'Neal Greenhow, 50 or 51. C.S. spy. Mrs. Greenhow, a socialite in Washington, D.C., used her connections to pass along important military information to the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War, and was credited by C.S. President Jefferson Davis with ensuring the Confederate victory in the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. She died when the British blockade runner Condor ran aground at the mouth of the Cape Fear River near Wilmington, North Carolina while being pursued by the Union gunboat USS Niphon. Mrs. Greenhow attempted to escape in a rowboat, but she drowned when a wave struck the boat and it capsized.

130 years ago
1884

Baseball
Charlie Getzien of the Detroit Wolverines pitched a no-hitter as the Wolverines edged the Philadelphia Quakers 1-0 at Recreation Park in Detroit in a game that was called after 6 innings because of rain.

100 years ago
1914

Literature
The October 1914 issue of The Strand Magazine contained the second segment of The Valley of Fear, the fourth and last Sherlock Holmes novel by A. Conan Doyle.
In this issue: Part I: The Tragedy of Birlstone: Chapter III. The Tragedy of Birlstone; Chapter IV. Darkness

Born on this date
Daniel J. Boorstin. U.S. historian and librarian. Dr. Boorstin taught American history at the University of Chicago for 25 years and was the 12th Librarian of Congress from 1975-1987. He died on February 28, 2004 at the age of 89.

75 years ago
1939

On the radio
British First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill delivered a speech on the British Broadcasting Corporation on The First Month of the War. He described the Soviet Union as "a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma" during the broadcast.



War
After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile German forces entered the city.

70 years ago
1944

War
Canadian troops completed the conquest of the French city of Calais. Allied troops secured the four Palau Islands of Angaur, Pelelieu, Ngesebus, and Kaongauru.

Economics and finance
French leader General Charles de Gaulle said that he favoured state control of the economy for the betterment of all French people after World War II.

Baseball
Chet Laabs hit 2 home runs and Vern Stephens added another homer as the St. Louis Browns defeated the New York Yankees 5-2 before 35,518 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis to clinch the American League pennant for the first time in their history, finishing 1 game ahead of the Detroit Tigers, who lost 4-1 to the Washington Nationals before 45,565 fans at Briggs Stadium in Detroit.

60 years ago
1954

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Three Coins in the Fountain--Frank Sinatra (3rd week at #1)

Boxing
Canadian heavyweight champion Earl Walls (32-9) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Edgardo Romero (8-2) before a capacity crowd of 7,000--4,800 paid--at Edmonton Gardens, avenging a loss by split decision to Mr. Romero in Vancouver on July 22. Mr. Walls knocked Mr. Romero down twice, the first times in his professional career that the Argentine giant had been floored. On the undercard, Zora Folley (11-0-1) won an 8-round unanimous decision over Sandy McPherson (20-30-5) in a heavyweight bout despite being outweighed 251 pounds to 186 pounds. It was Mr. McPherson's last fight; he had been disqualified in his most recent fight, against Charley Powell, for excessive clinching, and according to The Edmonton Journal, he exhibited similar behaviour against Mr. Folley.

Bob Baker (35-5-1) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Coley Wallace (22-4) in a heavyweight bout at Central Armory in Cleveland.



Baseball
World Series
New York Giants 6 @ Cleveland Indians 2 (New York led best-of-seven series 3-0)

Dusty Rhodes made his third pinch hit of the series, a single driving in 2 runs in the 3rd inning, as the Giants took a 4-0 lead after 3 innings and coasted to victory before 71,555 fans at Municipal Stadium. Ruben Gomez pitched 7 1/3 innings for the Giants in getting the win, while losing pitcher Mike Garcia lasted just 3 innings.

50 years ago
1964

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Have I the Right?--The Honeycombs

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): I'm Into Something Good--Herman's Hermits (2nd week at #1)

Radio
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation station CBR began broadcasting in Calgary at 1010 on the AM dial.

Protest
The Free Speech Movement was launched on the campus of University of California at Berkeley. The University had prohibited fund-raising for off-campus political causes, and former student Jack Weinberg was arrested for refusing to show hs identification to campus plice while sitting at an information table for the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). The police car in which he was detained was immobilized for 32 hours as it was surrounded by as many as 3,000 students.

Transportation
Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") began high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.

40 years ago
1974

Scandal
Jury selection began in Washington for the trial of five men who had been aides to former U.S. President Richard Nixon, who were being tried for their involvement in the June 1972 break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee and the subsequent cover-up. Those facing charges including conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury were former domestic affairs assistant John Ehrlichman; former cheif of staff H.R. "Bob" Haldeman; former Attorney General John Mitchell; former assistant to Mr. Mitchell Robert Mardian; and former attorney for the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) Kenneth Parkinson.

Hockey
Canada (WHA)-U.S.S.R. (Exhibition)
Canada 2 U.S.S.R. 3 @ Moscow (U.S.S.R. led eight-game series 2-1-2)

Aleksandr Gusev's goal with 8:12 remaining in the game proved to be the winner as he Soviets edged the World Hockey Association's representatives of Canada at Luzhniki Sports Palace. Aleksandr Maltsev scored a goal in each of the first 2 periods. Gordie Howe scored for Canada in the 2nd period and his son Mark scored with 1:50 remaining in the game to close the scoring.

30 years ago
1984

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Careless Whisper--George Michael (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): All of You--Julio Iglesias and Diana Ross

Died on this date
Walter Alston, 72. U.S. baseball manager. Mr. Alston played in one game with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1936, striking out in his only time at bat in the major leagues. As a minor leaguer, he led the Mid-Atlantic League in home runs in four seasons. He began his career as a manager in 1940, while still playing in the minors. From 1950-1953 Mr. Alston managed the Montreal Royals of the International League; his teams never finished lower than second place, and the Royals won the Junior World Series (defeating the Kansas City Blues, champions of the American Association) in 1953. Mr. Alston became manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1954, and led the team to its first World Series victory in 1955. He accompanied the team when it moved to Los Angeles in 1958, and managed the Dodgers until he handed the reins to coach Tom LaSorda with four games remaining in the 1976 season. His career regular season record with the Dodgers was 2,040 wins, 1,613 losses, 5 ties, .558 winning percentage. His teams won the World Series in 1955, 1959, 1963, and 1965, plus National League pennants in 1956, 1966, and 1974. Mr. Alston was named the Major League Manager of the Year by The Sporting News in 1955, 1959, and 1963. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983.

Billy Goodman, 58. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Goodman played various positions with the Boston Red Sox (1947-1957); Baltimore Orioles (1957): Chicago White Sox (1958-1961); and Houston Colt .45s (1962), batting .300 with 19 home runs and 591 runs batted in in 1,623 games. His best season was 1950, when he led the American League with a .354 batting percentage, becoming the first--and so far, only--utility player to win a batting title. Mr. Goodman died of cancer.

25 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): On Our Own--Bobby Brown (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Lambada--Kaoma (6th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Swing the Mood--Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers (3rd week at #1)
2 Flamenco Turistico--Stefanie Werger
3 The Best--Tina Turner
4 Lambada--Kaoma
5 French Kiss--Honesty 69
6 Dressed for Success--Roxette
7 Das Omen (Teil 1)--Mysterious Art
8 A Cry in the Night--Lory "Bonnie" Bianco
9 Sealed with a Kiss--Jason Donovan
10 French Kiss--Lil Louis

Singles entering the chart were Lambada; the version of French Kiss by Lil Louis; Healing Hands by Elton John (#14); Mixed Emotions by the Rolling Stones (#17); This One by Paul McCartney (#22); and Cherish by Madonna (#26).

Abominations
Denmark introduced the world's first legal modern same-sex civil union called "registered partnership."

World events
More than 6,000 East Germans who had taken refuge in West German embassies in Prague and Warsaw arrived by train in West Germany; the East German government had agreed to their departure.

Football
CFL
Calgary (8-5) 33 @ Ottawa (2-11) 13
Toronto (5-8) 24 @ Winnipeg (7-6) 17

Terrence Jones, who alternated with Danny Barrett at quarterback, rushed 6 times for 62 yards, including 2nd-quarter touchdowns of 1 and 40 yards, to lead the Stampeders over the Rough Riders before 21,943 fans at Lansdowne Park. Lorenzo Graham added 97 yards on 12 carries and Tim Petros carried 10 times for 47 and a touchdown as the Stampeders amassed 266 yards rushing. Tyrone Thurman scored the only Ottawa touchdown on a 36-yard pass from Damon Allen in the 4th quarter.



In a rare Sunday night game, a fierce wind kept the offenses from accomplishing much at Winnipeg Stadium. The Argos picked up just 13 first downs to 8 for the Blue Bombers; Toronto had just 151 yards net offense to 108 for Winnipeg. The Argos mounted the game’s only offensive touchdown drive while they had the wind behind them in the 1st quarter. Terry Underwood, who ended up rushing for 84 yards on 19 carries in place of injured Gill Fenerty, ran 1 yard for a touchdown to give Toronto an early lead. The Argos’ only other touchdown was scored by Mike "Pinball" Clemons on a 25-yard punt return in the 3rd quarter when Bob Cameron’s punt travelled just 8 yards into the wind, and Mr. Clemons scooped up the ball as it bounced back toward the Winnipeg line while the Blue Bombers moved out of the way to avoid a no yards penalty. Winnipeg’s only touchdown came in the 2nd quarter when Rod Hill blocked a Glenn Harper punt and Paul Clatney scooped up the ball and ran it in from the 5-yard line. Toronto quarterbacks John Congemi and Rick Johnson combined to complete just 4 of 16 passes for 29 yards. 22,189 frozen fans were on hand, but there wasn’t much action for them to see.



20 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): Confide in Me--Kylie Minogue (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: 7 Seconds--Youssou N'Dour & Neneh Cherry (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Don't Stop (Wiggle Wiggle)--The Outhere Brothers (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Love is All Around--Wet Wet Wet (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): Love is All Around--Wet Wet Wet (7th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): 7 Seconds--Youssou N'Dour & Neneh Cherry (8th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Dromen zijn bedrog--Marco Borsato

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Saturday Night--Whigfield (3rd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 I'll Make Love to You--Boyz II Men (6th week at #1)
2 Endless Love--Luther Vandross and Mariah Carey
3 All I Wanna Do--Sheryl Crow
4 Stay (I Missed You)--Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories
5 When Can I See You--Babyface
6 Wild Night--John Mellencamp with Me'Shell Ndegeocello
7 Stroke You Up--Changing Faces
8 At Your Best (You are Love)--Aaliyah
9 Never Lie--Immature
10 This D.J.--Warren G

Singles entering the chart were I Wanna Be Down by Brandy (#61); Lucas with the Lid Off by Lucas (#70); Something's Always Wrong by Toad the Wet Sprocket (#76); Always by Bon Jovi (#91); Undone--The Sweater Song by Weezer (#93); and I Belong to You/How Many Ways by Toni Braxton (#94).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I'll Make Love to You--Boyz II Men (5th week at #1)
2 All I Wanna Do--Sheryl Crow
3 When Can I See You--Babyface
4 Stay (I Missed You)--Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories
5 Wild Night--John Mellencamp with Me’shell Ndegeocello
6 Endless Love--Luther Vandross and Mariah Carey
7 Shine--Collective Soul
8 Can You Feel the Love Tonight--Elton John
9 100% Pure Love--Crystal Waters
10 Don't Turn Around--Ace of Base

Singles entering the chart were Turn the Beat Around by Gloria Estefan (#59); Always by Bon Jovi (#73); Something's Always Wrong by Toad the Wet Sprocket (#76); What's the Frequency, Kenneth? by R.E.M. (#78); You Don't Know Nothin' by For Real (#80); Good Enough by Sarah McLachlan (#81); How Many Ways by Toni Braxton (#84); What If God Fell from the Sky by Danielle Brisebois (#90).

World events
The western Pacific island of Palau gained its independence from the United Nations under a Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Politics and government
All seven incumbent members of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana--four Democrats and three Republicans--obtained the majority of the votes in open primaries, and therefore would not be required to run again in the general election in November.

Labour
The National Hockey League's 1994-95 season was scheduled to open this night , but NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman said that the beginning of the season ws being postponed because owners and players could not agree on a new contract. Owners proposed a tax on payrols of teams with large salaries as a means of revenue-sharing, while players objected to what they saw as a salary cap.

Football
CFL
Ottawa (4-9) 13 @ Baltimore (9-4) 40
Shreveport (0-13) 21 @ Winnipeg (9-4) 39

Mike Pringle rushed for touchdowns of 50 and 21 yards as the Baltimore Football Club scored 40 straight points after falling behind 5-0 early in the game against the Rough Riders before 36,187 fans at Memorial Stadium.



Troy Westwood kicked 6 field goals and converted touchdowns by Chris Johnstone, Blaise Bryant, and Gerald Wilcox as the Blue Bombers beat the Pirates before 20,426 fans at Winnipeg Stadium. Martin Patton scored both Shreveport touchdowns on 1-yard rushes.

CIAU
Saskatchewan 39 @ Alberta (3-2) 11

Brent Schneider passed for 362 yards and 3 touchdowns--2 to Cory Prokop--to lead the Huskies over the Golden Bears on a muddy field before 718 fans at the last university game played at Clarke Stadium in Edmonton, which was home to the Golden Bears in 1981-1982 and 1991-1994. The Golden Bears played their last home game of 1994 against Calgary at Commonwealth Stadium, and moved back to Varsity Stadium from 1995-2000.

10 years ago
2004

Died on this date
Richard Avedon, 81. U.S. photographer. Mr. Avedon was known for his fashion photographs and portraits.

Bruce Palmer, 58. Canadian musician. Mr. Palmer played bass guitar with Robbie Lane and the Disciples and the Mynah Birds before joining Buffalo Springfield. Drug use seriously impaired his career. Mr. Palmer died of a heart attack.

War
More than 125 Iraqi insurgents were killed when more than 5,000 soldiers attempted to take over Samarra, held by militants.

World events
Mount St. Helens, the volcano in Washington State that had caused tremendous destruction in its May 1980 eruption, erupted again, but caused no deaths, injuries, or damage.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (7-8) 27 @ Hamilton (6-7-1) 30

Jamie Boreham's 47-yard field goal on the last play of regulation time gave the Tiger-Cats their win over the defending Grey Cup champion Eskimos before 27,805 fans at Ivor Wynne Stadium. The kick came just 1 minute and 14 seconds after the Eskimos had tied the game on a 33-yard touchdown pass from Jason Maas to Jason Tucker, converted by Sean Fleming. Hamilton quarterback Danny McManus completed touchdown passes to Ibrahim Toukara and Craig Yeast, and Julian Radlein rushed 1 yard for the other Hamilton TD. Malcolm Frank scored the first Edmonton touchdown on a 45-yard interception return with 1:24 remaining in the 1st half; it was his fifth touchdown on an interception return in 2004, breaking the CFL record set by Edmonton's Joe Hollimon in 1978. Derrell "Mookie" Mitchell scored the other Edmonton touchdown on a 1-yard pass from Mr. Maas in the 3rd quarter. It was the first CFL game, and the only game in an Edmonton uniform, for receiver Scott Cloman, who got in for several plays, but didn't catch a pass.