November 10, 2021

1,560 years ago
461

Died on this date
Leo I, 61 (?). Roman Catholic Pope, 440-461. Leo "the Great" was a Roman aristocrat who was a deacon by 431, and succeeded Sixtus III as pope. He significantly contributed to the centralization of spiritual authority in the papacy, and it was during his reign that the term "Pope", which previously meant any bishop, came to exclusively mean the Bishop of Rome. Pope Leo issued the Tome of Leo, which asserted that Christ has two natures, and is not of or from two natures. Pope Leo I is perhaps best known for meeting Attila the Hun in 452 and persuading him to turn back from his invasion of Italy. Leo I was the first pope to be buried in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. He was succeeded by Hilarius.

780 years ago
1241

Died on this date
Celestine IV. Roman Catholic Pope, 1241. Celestine IV, born Goffredo da Castiglione, became a cardinal in 1227 and succeeded Gregory IX as pope after a contentious election, with the conclave taking place in a building where the roof leaked, and dripping water, mixed with urine from the guards on the roof, contributed to the death of one of the cardinals, and may have contributed to the death of the new pope. Pope Celestine IV took office on October 25, 1241--more than two months after the death of Gregory IX--and died of wear and age just 16 days later. He was succeeded on the papal throne by Innocent IV.

325 years ago
1696

War
Pierre d'Iberville and Simon de Bonaventure led a French privateering expedition from St-Malo to destroy Kirke's English settlement at Ferryland, Newfoundland; after looting and burning Ferryland, the expedition moved on to attack St John's on November 30.

200 years ago
1821

World events
Rufina Alfaro, 22, led an improvised group of soldiers in La Villa de Los Santos, Panama in the seizure of the local barracks and seized the weapons of Spanish soldiers. The protesters issued the Grito de La Villa de Los Santos (Cry From the Town of Saints), declaring their independence from the Spanish Empire.

150 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Winston Churchill. U.S. author. Mr. Churchill, no relation to Sir Winston Churchill, was one of the most popular American novelists in the early years of the 20th century. His works included Richard Carvel (1899); The Crisis (1901); and The Crossing (1904). Mr. Churchill abandoned writing in 1919, and withdrew from public life. He died of a heart attack on March 12, 1947 at the age of 75.

Exploration
Journalist and explorer Henry Stanley found Scottish missionary David Livingstone in central Africa and uttered the words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"

Scandal
A New Zealand parliamentary committee exonerated the Telegraph Department of intercepting telegrams for political gain; the accusations had been made by George Barton, editor of the Otago Daily Times.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Carl Stalling. U.S. composer. Mr. Stalling wrote scores for hundreds of cartoons, first with the Walt Disney studio and then with Warner Brothers, with whom he worked from 1936-1958. He died on November 29, 1972 at the age of 81.

Died on this date
Arthur Rimbaud, 37. French poet. Mr. Rimbaud was known for his contributions to symbolism, prefiguring surrealism. He led a dissolute life and had many adventures in Europe and Asia. Mr. Rimbaud died three weeks after his 37th birthday and shortly after having his right leg amputated, probably as the result of bone cancer.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Jimmy Dykes. U.S. baseball player and manager. Mr. Dykes was a third baseman and second baseman with the Philadelphia Athletics (1918-1932) and Chicago White Sox (1933-1939), batting .280 with 108 home runs and 1,071 runs batted in in 2,282 games. He managed the White Sox (1934-1946); Athletics (1951-1953); Baltimore Orioles (1954); Cincinnati Redlegs (1958); Detroit Tigers (1959-1960); and Cleveland Indians (1960-1961), compiling a record of 1,406-1,541-13-2 (.477). Mr. Dykes was the first manager to accumulate 1,000 career wins without winning a pennant; his teams never finished higher than third place. He died on June 15, 1976 at the age of 79.

90 years ago
1931

Movies
The Academy Awards for 1930-31 were presented at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. The winners included: Picture--Cimarron; Director--Norman Taurog (Skippy); Actor--Lionel Barrymore (A Free Soul); Actress--Marie Dressler (Min and Bill).

80 years ago
1941

War
U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill said that "should the U.S. become involved in war with Japan, a British declaration of war will follow within the hour," adding that the "Lend-Lease bill must be regarded as the most unsordid act in the whole of recorded history." General Sir Archibald Wavell said in New Delhi that he was fully responsible for the British retreat in Libya the previous spring when "the enemy attacked at least a month before I had expected it possible." Japanese Finance Minister Okinori Kaya told the National Financial Council that Japan aimed "to force Britain and the United States to reteat from East Asia." Chinese government spokesman T.T. Tsiang said that the U.S., U.K., China, and the Netherlands had agreed on measures to meet "Japan's next move in the Pacific."

Politics and government
Chilean President Pedro Aguirre Cerda temporarily resigned his office because of ill health and turned over his executive powers to Vice President Geronimo Mendez, leader of the Radical Party.

The U.S. House of Representatives unanimously adopted a resolution instructing Rep. Hamilton Fish (Republican--New York) to ignore a summons to appear before a federal grand jury investigating Nazi propaganda until the House Judiciary Committee ruled on whether it "invades the rights and privileges of the House."

The Indian government announced that Subhas Chandra Bose, leftist leader of Mohandas Gandhi's All-India Congress Party, was now believed to be in Berlin or Rome.

Labour
More than 2,000 American Federation of Labor construction workers struck in San Diego for a $1-per-day wage increase, tying up work on $23 million worth of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps projects.

The U.S. National Defense Mediation Board voted 9-2 to reject the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America's demand for a closed shop in mines struck October 27-30.

AFL Teamsters President Daniel Tobin ordered striking Teamsters to return to work at the Detroit Railway Express Agency.

75 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Sanford Moss, 74. U.S. aviation engineer. Dr. Moss worked at General Electric from 1903-1938, specializing in turbochargers. He was the first person to use a turbocharger on an aircraft engine.

Nguyen Van Thinh, 58. Vietnamese politician. Thinh joined the Constitutionalist Party in 1926 and founded the Cochinchinese Democratic Party in 1937. He was the first President of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina--a French puppet state--and apparently committed suicide. Thinh was succeeded in office by Lê Văn Hoạch.

War
20,000 Muslims fled the northeastern Indian province of Bihar as Hindu-Muslim riots broke out again following the departure of U.K. envoy Sir Archibald Wavell to New Delhi.

Politics and government
Elections for the first French National Assembly under the new constitution gave the Communists the largest number of seats, 163 out of 619.

Municipal elections in Rome and four other Italian cities resulted in large victories for the Socialist and Communist Parties against the Christian Democrats.

Football
NFL
Green Bay (3-3) 19 @ Chicago Cardinals (4-4) 7
Pittsburgh (4-2-1) 7 @ Detroit (1-6) 17
Chicago Bears (5-1-1) 27 @ Los Angeles (3-3-1) 27
Boston (0-6) 14 @ Washington (4-2-1) 17
Philadelphia (4-3) 17 @ New York (5-2) 45

AAFC
Buffalo (3-7-1) 17 @ Brooklyn (3-5-1) 14
Cleveland (8-2) 14 @ San Francisco (6-4) 7
Los Angeles (4-4-1) 12 @ New York (7-2-1) 17

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): The Loveliest Night of the Year--Mario Lanza; Ann Blyth

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett (Best Seller--2nd week at #1); Because of You--Tony Bennett (Disc Jockey--8th week at #1; Jukebox--7th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (It's No) Sin--The Four Aces (2nd week at #1)
--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
2 Because of You--Tony Bennett
--Les Baxter and his Orchestra
3 Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett
4 I Get Ideas--Tony Martin
--Louis Armstrong
5 The World is Waiting for the Sunrise--Les Paul and Mary Ford
6 Down Yonder--Del Wood
--Joe "Fingers" Carr
--Champ Butler
7 And So to Sleep Again--Patti Page
8 The Loveliest Night of the Year--Mario Lanza
9 Whispering--Les Paul
10 Undecided--The Ames Brothers and Les Brown and his Band of Renown

Singles entering the chart were Unforgettable by Nat "King" Cole (#18); Domino by Tony Martin (#22); Out in the Cold Again by Richard Hayes (#29); Jazz Me Blues by Les Paul (#30); Meanderin' (#33)/They Call the Wind Maria (#41) by Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra; Slow Poke by Pee Wee King and his Golden West Cowboys (#34); and They Call the Wind Maria, with versions by Voices of Walter Schumann; and the Mariners (#41).
They Call the Wind Maria was from the musical play Paint Your Wagon, which was about to open on Broadway.

At the movies
Mujeres de teatro (Women of the Theatre), directed by René Cardona, and starring Emilia Guiú, Rosita Fornés, and María Victoria, opened in theatres in Mexico.



Diplomacy
The United Nations Security Council asked mediator Frank Graham to continue his efforts to settle the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan and to report in six weeks.

Crime
A coroner's jury in Eustis, Florida ruled that Sheriff Willis McCall, a white man, had fired in self-defense four days earlier when he shot and killed Negro prisoner Samuel Shepherd and wounded Negro prisoner Walter Lee Irvin while transporting them from Railford State Prison to Lake County Jail in Tavares.

Transportation
Africa's biggest airfield, capable of handling the latest jet planes, was opened at Entebbe in the British colony of Uganda.

Communications
With the rollout of the North American Numbering Plan, American Telephone and Telegraph Company inaugurated U.S. coast-to-coast long distance telephone service without operator assistance; the first call was between the mayors of Englewood, New Jersey and Alameda, California.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Semi-Finals
Toronto 21 @ Hamilton 7 (Hamilton won 2-game total points series 31-28)

Toronto quarterback Nobby Wirkowski threw touchdown passes to Doug Pyzer and Al Pfeifer and pitched out to Mr. Pyzer for another major as the Argonauts erased a 17-point deficit to take a 28-26 lead in total points after 3 quarters, but Hamilton quarterback Bernie Custis, who had been having a poor game, put together a drive that ended with a 28-yard touchdown pass to Spider Gibson with 4 minutes remaining in the 4th quarter. The Argonauts had another chance with less than 2 minutes remaining when they took possession of the ball at the Hamilton 30-yard line after a poor punt by Cam Fraser. Bob McDonald of the Tiger-Cats intercepted a pass in his own end zone, and Dick Brown rushed 70 yards from his own 10-yard line to the Toronto 30 with time for just one more play. 15,000 were in attendance at Civic Stadium.

WIFU
Finals
Edmonton 5 @ Saskatchewan 12 (Best-of-three series tied 1-1)

Sully Glasser and Ken Charlton scored touchdowns for the Roughriders, both converted by Red Ettinger, before 12,000 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. Annis Stukus led the Eskimos with a field goal and single.

ORFU
Finals
Toronto 7 @ Sarnia 26 (Sarnia won 2-game total points series 41-30)

John "Corky" Duchene scored 2 touchdowns to lead the Imperials to their first ORFU title since 1939. Sarnia quarterback George Curtis threw just 2 passes, but completed both, one for a 75-yard touchdown to Jack Glendenning in the 3rd quarter.

Canadian university
Western Ontario (2-3-1) 20 @ Queen's (0-6) 13
McGill (4-2) 7 @ Toronto (5-0-1) 11

Bill McFarlane scored 2 touchdowns as the Varsity Blues defeated the Redmen before 21,138 fans at Varsity Stadium to capture the Yates Cup for the third straight year.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Deaths-Head Revisited, starring Oscar Beregi, Joseph Schildkraut, and Kaaren Verne

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Coz I Luv You--Slade

On television tonight
Rod Serling's Night Gallery, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Diary, starring Patty Duke, Virginia Mayo, and David Wayne; A Matter of Semantics, starring Cesar Romero and E.J. Peaker; Big Surprise, starring John Carradine and Vincent Van Patten; Professor Peabody's Last Lecture, starring Carl Reiner

Died on this date
Walter Van Tilburg Clark, 62. U.S. author. Mr. Clark, a native of Maine, moved to Nevada in his youth, and remained associated with that state for the rest of his life. He was known for his Western novels The Ox-Bow Incident (1940) and The Track of the Cat (1949), and for his numerous short stories, winning the O. Henry Award five times. Mr. Clark abandoned writing fiction in his last 20 years, concentrating on teaching creative writing at the University of Montana (1954-1956); San Francisco State University (1956-1962); and University of Nevada at Reno (1962-1971). He died of cancer.

War
Khmer Rouge forces attacked the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44 people, wounding at least 30, and damaging nine aircraft.

Japanica
The U.S. Senate voted 84-6 to ratify the treaty under which Okinawa and other Ryukyu Islands would revert to Japan in 1972.

Disasters
A Merpati Nusantara Airlines Vickers Viscount en route from Jakarta to Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, crashed into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Padang, killing all 69 people on board. The crew had notifed air traffic controllers that they would be unable to reach their destination because of bad weather.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone)--Chilliwack
2 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
3 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
4 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
5 Arthur's Theme (Best that You Can Do)--Christopher Cross
6 Sausalito Summernight--Diesel
7 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
8 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
9 Wired for Sound--Cliff Richard
10 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie

Singles entering the chart were Young Turks by Rod Stewart (#15); Hard to Say by Dan Fogelberg (#17); and Twilight by Electric Light Orchestra (#20).

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): The Fly--U2 (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (15th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (7th week at #1)
2 Let's Talk About Sex!--Salt-N-Pepa
3 Do the Limbo Dance--David Hasselhoff
4 Any Dream Will Do--Jason Donovan
5 Something Got Me Started--Simply Red
6 Jambo--Erste Allgemeine Verunsicherung
7 Pandora's Box--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)
8 Now that We Found Love--Heavy D & the Boyz
9 Set Adrift on Memory Bliss--PM Dawn
10 The Fly--U2

Singles entering the chart were The Fly; Can't Stop this Thing We Started by Bryan Adams (#20); Falling (The Theme from Twin Peaks) by Julee Cruise (#24); and Generations of Love by Jesus Loves You (#30). As the title indicates, Falling (The Theme from Twin Peaks) was from the television series.

Died on this date
Robert McClure, 90. U.S.-born Canadian physician. Dr. McClure, a native of Portland, Oregon, was raised in China by missionary parents before moving to Canada. He obtained a medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1922, and served as a medical missionary in Henan, China from 1923-1948. Dr. McClure became the first lay moderator of the United Church of Canada, holding the position from 1968-1971. He died 13 days short of his 91st birthday.

William Afflis, aka Dick the Bruiser, 62. U.S. football player and wrestler. Mr. Afflis was a lineman with Purdue University and the Green Bay Packers (1951-1954) before embarking on a professional wrestling career as Dick the Bruiser. He wrestled from 1954-1986, winning numerous titles. Mr. Afflis settled in Indianapolis, and in 1964 purchased the National Wrestling Alliance's Indianapolis promotion and renamed it the World Wrestling Association (WWA), operating it until it ceased operations in 1989. He died of internal bleeding after rupturing a blood vessel in his esophagus while weightlifting at his home.

Football
CFL
East Semi-Final
Ottawa 8 @ Winnipeg 26

The Blue Bombers had an easy time defeating the Rough Riders before 22,799 fans at Winnipeg Stadium in the game that ended the career of Joe Faragalli as Ottawa's head coach. The teams combined for 8 turnovers, 7 sacks, and less than 300 yards in net offense. Former Blue Bomber Jeff Smith, playing his only game of the season, caught a pass late in the game for the only Ottawa touchdown, and Mr. Faragalli was not pleased with Mr. Smith's touchdown celebration.



West Semi-Final
British Columbia 41 @ Calgary 43

Only 14,026 fans--including this blogger--were in attendance on a beautiful Sunday afternoon at McMahon Stadium, but they saw a great game. The Lions, led by quarterback Doug Flutie, led 31-16 at halftime, but the Stampeders, quarterbacked by Danny Barrett, took control in the 2nd half and directed the team to 4 converted touchdowns in the 3rd quarter. Mr. Flutie was handicapped by the fact that two of his starting receivers--Matt Clark and Mike Trevathan--were absent because of injury, and were replaced by rookies Spencer McLennan and Kevin Thompson. When the Lions fell behind, Mr. Flutie was unable to mount one of his patented late-game comebacks because the Calgary offense was able to maintain control of the ball, led by the rushing of former Lion Keyvan Jenkins. Mr. Barrett finished the game with 5 touchdown passes. The win was Calgary's first in a playoff game since 1979.



25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Wannabe--Spice Girls

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Zehn kleine Jägermeister--Die Toten Hosen

#1 single in Switzerland: Zehn kleine Jägermeister--Die Toten Hosen (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): What Becomes of the Brokenhearted/Saturday Night at the Movies/You'll Never Walk Alone--Robson & Jerome (2nd week at #1)

Football
CFL
East Semi-Final
Hamilton 11 @ Montreal 22

The Montreal defense intercepted 4 passes from Hamilton quarterback Anthony Calvillo and Tracy Ham completed touchdown passes to Chris Armstrong and Denis Montana in the 2nd half as the Alouettes beat the Tiger-Cats before 20,036 fans at Olympic Stadium. Mr. Ham's TD pass to Mr. Montana in the 4th quarter clinched the win for the Alouettes.



West Semi-Final
Winnipeg 7 @ Edmonton 68

Jim Sandusky caught 3 touchdown passes and Eric Blount added 2 touchdowns as the Eskimos routed the Blue Bombers on a snowy day before only 13,472 fans, the smallest crowd ever to attend a CFL game at Commonwealth Stadium (see video). Edmonton led 10-1 after the 1st quarter, 31-1 at halftime, and 46-1 after 3 quarters as they amassed the greatest single-game point total and the most lopsided win in modern CFl post-season history. The Blue Bombers neglected to bring shoes that were appropriate for the conditions, and someone was hastily sent to a store in Edmonton to get some during the game, but by the time the players donned the new shoes, the game was already out of reach. The Blue Bombers complained that the Eskimos were using illegal footwear, and the Eskimos were in fact penalized on one play, but Edmonton general manager Hugh Campbell denied that the team was cheating. Edmonton quarterback Danny McManus completed 12 of 20 passes for 256 yards and 4 touchdowns, while backup Cody Ledbetter was 2 for 4 for 52 yards and a touchdown. Eddie Brown caught 3 passes for 107 yards, Mr. Sandusky caught 5 for 93, and Darren Flutie caught 4 for 80 and a touchdown. Mr. Blount rushed 17 times for 76 yards and a touchdown, and caught 1 pass for an 8-yard TD. Jay Hamilton, seeing the first extended playing time of his career, rushed 7 times for 45 yards, and scored his only CFL touchdown on a 15-yard rush on the last play of the game. Kavis Reed returned an interception 45 yards for an Edmonton touchdown in the 3rd quarter, and Glenn Rogers, Jr. returned another 38 yards for a TD in the 4th quarter. Sean Fleming set a CFL playoff record with 9 converts and opened the scoring with a field goal, and Glenn Harper punted for 2 singles. Reggie Slack, who split the Winnipeg quarterbacking duties with Kent Austin, rushed 1 yard for a touchdown 1:05 into the 4th quarter. Troy Westwood's single off a missed field goal in the 1st quarter provided the other Winnipeg point. Mr. Slack completed just 6 of 22 passes for 98 yards, while Mr. Austin was 4 for 8 for 36 yards in the last game of his 10-year CFL career. Allan Boyko was virtually the only Winnipeg player to have a good game, catching 7 passes for 115 yards. Hall of Famer Milt Stegall caught just 1 pass for 5 yards; Mr. Reed stepped in front of him to make the interception that he returned for a TD, and Mr. Stegall and Mr. Austin got nto a heated exchange on the sidelines afterward, prompting head coach Cal Murphy to come over to try to settle things down. The Eskimos rolled up 471 yards net offense, while limiting the Blue Bombers to 75 yards net offense. The loss was such a debacle that few Blue Bombers were brought back for 1997. The most prominent casualty was Mr. Murphy, who had been head coach and/or general manager of the Blue Bombers since 1983.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Ken Kesey, 66. U.S. writer. Mr. Kesey was a participant in U.S. government experiments involving the use of hallucinogenic drugs (including mescaline and LSD) in the late 1950s, which influenced his most famous work, the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962). His novel Sometimes a Great Notion (1964) was his other notable book. Mr. Kesey hosted several friends, collectively known as the Merry Pranksters, at his homes in Oregon and California, embarking on a lengthy bus trip in 1964 and engaging in various drug-fuelled experiences. He developed diabetes, had a stroke in 1997, and died several weeks after surgery to remove a tumour from his liver.

Economics and finance
The World Trade Organization approved China's membership.

Football
CIS
Jewett Trophy
Acadia 7 @ St. Mary's 38

Dunsmore Cup
McGill 12 @ Laval 42

Mathieu Brassard rushed 14 times for 80 yards and 2 touchdowns on a snow-covered field at PEPS Stadium before 12,528 fans.



Yates Cup
Ottawa 22 @ McMaster 30

Vaughn Swart caught 7 passes for 201 yards and 3 touchdowns to lead the Marauders over the Gee-Gees at Les Prince Field in Hamilton. The loss ended Ottawa's reign as Vanier Cup champions.

August 20, 2021

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Aleksander Hellat. Estonian politician and diplomat. Mr. Hellat was commander of the militia during the revolution of 1917-1918 that saw the creation of the Republic of Estonia. He was Mayor of Tallin (1918-1919); Estonian Minister in Riga (1920-1922); and Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1922-1923, 1927). After the U.S.S.R. seized control of Estonia in 1940, Mr. Hellat was sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to 10 years at a prison camp in Siberia, where he died on November 28, 1943 at the age of 62.

Edgar A. Guest. U.K.-born U.S. journalist and poet. Mr. Guest, a native of Birmingham, England, moved to the United States with his family in 1891. He was a reporter and columnist with the Detroit Free Press, who wrote his first poem for the paper in 1898. Mr. Guest's work reached a nationwide audience after his columns were syndicated, and he became known as the "People's Poet." His most famous poem was Home, which appeared in the collection It Takes a Heap o' Livin' (1916). Mr. Guest died on August 5, 1959, 15 days before his 78th birthday.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Salvatore Quasimodo. Italian author and poet. Mr. Quasimodo was awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times." He died on June 14, 1968 at the age of 66.

90 years ago
1931

Baseball
The Washington Nationals scored 4 runs in the top of the 5th inning to open the scoring, but the Cleveland Indians scored 4 in the bottom of the 5th and 5 in the 7th as they won 10-8 before 5,000 fans at League Park in Cleveland. Cleveland leadoff hitter Dick Porter batted 5 for 5 with a run and a run batted in, while Earl Averill hit 2 doubles and a home run, scoring 3 runs and driving in 3. Winning pitcher Mel Harder (11-10) allowed 9 hits and 8 runs--6 earned--in 7+ innings, and batted 3 for 4 with a double, 2 runs, and 2 RBIs. Losing pitcher Firpo Marberry (14-3) allowed 16 hits and 9 runs--all earned--in 7 innings.

The Chicago White Sox scored 6 runs in the 5th inning en route to an 11-6 win over the Philadelphia Athletics before 9,000 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Chicago catcher Bennie Tate batted 5 for 5 with 2 doubles, a run, and 3 runs batted in.

Babe Ruth hit his major league-leading 34th home run of the season (and 599th of his major league career), a grand slam over the right field roof of Sportsman's Park in St. Louis in the top of the 9th inning, to give the New York Yankees a 7-0 lead over the St. Louis Browns. Teammate Lou Gehrig had hit his 33rd homer of the season in the 4th inning to open the scoring. The Browns rallied for 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th to make the final score 7-3 before 2,000 fans. Lefty Gomez (15-7) pitched a 5-hit complete game, with 4 of the hits coming in the 9th.

Ed Brandt led off the bottom of the 10th inning with a base on balls and scored from third base on a bases-loaded fly ball to left field by Earl Sheely to give the Boston Braves a 2-1 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates at Braves Field. Mr. Brandt (16-8) pitched a 4-hit complete game victory.

Babe Herman doubled home 3 runs with 2 out in the bottom of the 8th inning to open the scoring and scored on a single by Del Bissonette as the Brooklyn Robins defeated the Chicago Cubs 4-1 before 2,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. The Cubs scored a run in the 9th and loaded the bases with 2 out, but Les Bell flied out to center field to end the game. Jack Quinn came in to get the final out in relief of Watty Clark (9-7), who allowed 4 hits and no earned runs, outduelling Charlie Root (14-11), who pitched an 8-hit complete game.

80 years ago
1941

War
U.S.S.R. Red Army Marshal Klementy E. Voroshilov issued an appeal to the people of Leningrad, urging them to prepare to defend the city at all costs against the advancing German army. Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King arrived in London for wartime talks and to visit the troops.

Diplomacy
German Propaganda Minister Dr. Josef Goebbels warned Latin American countries that they would become U.S. colonies unless they opposed continued American intervention.

Japanica
New Japanese maps sold in Tokyo showed Japan having annexed all the islands and coral reefs bounded by the Spratly Islands in the west; the Half Moon Shoal in the east; North Danger Reef in the north; and Swallow Reef in the south.

Politics and government
Ecuadorian President Carlos Arroyo del Rio completed the appointment of a new cabinet.

The U.S. National Catholic Women's Union adopted a resolution opposing U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's proposal for compulsory government service for women as an example of the rising tide of bureaucracy.

Labour
Several American Federation of Labor street car and bus drivers tied up all transportation facilities of Detroit Street Railways in a strike for exclusive bargaining rights.

75 years ago
1946

Diplomacy
The U.S. State Department protested "emphatically" against recent Yugoslavian attacks on U.S. transport planes. A Yugoslavian reply criticized U.S. "violations of state sovereignty" through "unauthorized flights" over Yugoslavia.

Poland received a U.S.-U.K. note charging repression of political activity and calling for free participation of all democratic parties in national elections scheduled for November 1946.

Anglo-Egyptian treaty negotiations in Alexandria were broken off by the Egyptians, who rejected British compromise proposals.

Protest
Calcutta slowly returned to normal after three days of rioting between Muslims and Hindus resulting in an estimated 3,000 deaths.

Economics and finance
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administrator Fiorello La Guardia dismissed General Frederick Morgan as director of UNRRA operations in Germany, claiming that he had found no evidence to support Gen. Morgan's charges that the U.S.S.R. had used UN refugee camps for espionage.

The U.S. Office of Price Administration Price Decontrol Board restored ceiling prices on meat, cottonseed, and soybean, but exempted milk, dairy products, and grain.

Labour
Pittsburgh Pirates players rejected the American Baseball Guild in major league baseball's first collective bargaining election.

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Follow Me, starring Peter Cookson, Doris Rich, and Dan Morgan

War
French authorities in Vietnam reported the destruction of a Viet Minh field headquartes during a four-day drive through the jungle near Saigon.

Diplomacy
New York Governor Thomas Dewey, returning from a tour of the Far East, urged that U.S. policy aimed at preventing the spread of Communism from China south into "the breadbasket of Asia."

Defense
India announced that it opposed proposals for an international army under United Nations command and would not earmark any part of its armed forces for a standby UN force.

Politics and government
U.S. Senate Internal Security subcommittee Chairman Pat McCarran (Democrat--Nevada) charged that 3 million-5 million subversive aliens lived in the United States and constituted a threat "potentially more dangerous than that of an armed force."

Economics and finance
The U.S. Wage Stabilization Board imposed curbs on bonus and profit-sharing payments to company officers, executives, and salaried employees.

U.S. President Harry Truman asked Congress for another $400 million to aid Midwest flood victims and establish a national flood-disaster insurance system similar to wartime war-damage insurance.

Hockey
NHL
The Chicago Black Hawks made the largest player purchase in hockey history when they paid the Detroit Red Wings $75,000 for Jim Peters, Jim McFadden, George Gee, Max McNab, Clare Martin, and Clare Raglan.

60 years ago
1961

Died on this date
Percy Bridgman, 79. U.S. physicist. Dr. Bridgman was awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics." The Bridgman effect, the Bridgman–Stockbarger technique, and the high-pressure mineral bridgmanite are named after him. Dr. Bridgman was suffering from metastatic cancer when he committed suicide by shooting himself.

Television
CKPG began broadcasting in Prince George, British Columbia, as an affiliate of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

Football
CFL
Hamilton (2-0) 28 @ Toronto (0-2) 24

The Tiger-Cats trailed 24-7 after 3 quarters, but rallied with 3 touchdowns in the 4th quarter to win at CNE Stadium.

Baseball
The Philadelphia Phillies lost their 23rd consecutive game, a major league record that still stands, 5-2 to the Milwaukee Braves in the first game of a doubleheader before 24,637 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee, as Warren Spahn (14-12) pitched a 5-hit complete game victory. The Phillies ended the losing streak in the second game with a 7-4 win behind the 9-hit pitching of John Buzhardt (4-13).

Dick Bertell singled with 1 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 11th inning, advanced to second base on a 2-out single by George Altman, and scored on a single by Billy Williams to give the Chicago Cubs a 1-0 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates before 19,038 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Don Cardwell (11-10) pitched a 6-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Bob Friend (12-15), who pitched an 8-hitter and tripled with 2 out in the 5th, but was stranded when Bill Virdon flied out to left field to end the inning.

Felipe Alou drove in 4 runs with a pair of home runs and Willie Mays added 3 RBIs with a homer and double to help the San Francisco Giants defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers 11-8 before 40,031 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Winning pitcher Jack Sanford (10-6) allowed 9 hits and 8 runs--7 earned--in 8.1 innings, while losing pitcher Sandy Koufax (13-9) allowed 8 hits and 6 runs--all earned--in 3+ innings.

Ralph Terry (10-1) pitched a 4 hitter, while Mickey Mantle hit his 46th home run of the season and Roger Maris added his 44th for the New York Yankees as they shut out the Cleveland Indians 6-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 56,307 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. Bill Skowron hit a 2-run homer in the 2nd inning to open the scoring as the Yankees won the second game 5-2 to complete the sweep, with Rollie Sheldon (9-3) pitching an 8-hitter, allowing 1 earned run.

Frank Lary (18-6) pitched a 7-hitter and Norm Cash batted 3 for 4 with 2 runs batted in to help the Detroit Tigers beat the Boston Red Sox 6-1 in the first game of a doubleheader before 37,793 fans at Tiger Stadium. The Red Sox led 6-4 after 6½ innings of the second game, but pinch hitter Charlie Maxwell hit a solo home run with 1 out in the bottom of the 7th, and pinch hitter Bubba Morton singled home Rocky Colavito and Mr. Cash with 2 out in the bottom of the 8th to provide the winning margin as the Tigers won 7-6 to complete the sweep.

A pair of errors contributed to 2 unearned runs in a 3-run 6th inning for the Chicago White Sox as they defeated the Kansas City Athletics 5-3 in the first game of a doubleheader before 10,741 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City. Juan Pizarro (9-5) pitched a 3-hitter and the White Sox scored 4 runs in the top of the 1st inning a they won the second game 7-0 to complete the sweep.

The Minnesota Twins got home runs from 2 different pitchers as they beat the Los Angeles Angels 9-7 before 3,977 fans at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. Twins' starting pitcher Jack Kralick hit his first major league homer in the 3rd inning, and reliever Al Schroll, who entered the game in the 5th inning, hit his only major league home run in the 8th. Lenny Green added 2 homers for the Twins, including one leading off the game. Earl Averill hit 2 solo home runs for the Angels.

7,245 fans showed up at Yankee Stadium in New York to see the West beat the East 7-1 in the Negro American League All-Star Game. Satchel Paige, 55, pitched the first 3 innings for the West, giving up no runs and just 1 hit; he was the winning pitcher and most valuable player. New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller threw out the first pitch.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): L.A. International Airport--Susan Raye

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Butterfly--Danyel Gérard (13th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Co-Co--The Sweet (2nd week at #1)
2 I Did What I Did for Maria--Tony Christie
3 Rain, Rain, Rain--Gentle People
4 Hold On (To What You Got)--Peanutbutter Conspiracy
5 The Banner Man--Blue Mink
6 Lady Rose--Mungo Jerry
7 Funny Funny--The Sweet
8 He's Gonna Step on You Again--John Kongos
9 You--Peter Maffay
10 Mozart: Symphony No. 40 In G Minor K.550 1° Movement (Allegro Molto)--Waldo de Los Rios

Singles entering the chart were Money Baby by Tidal Wave (#18); Joey the Lipstick Collector by Dennis (#20); and Don't Let it Die by Hurricane Smith (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Take Me Home, Country Roads--John Denver with Fat City
2 Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey--Paul & Linda McCartney
3 Sweet City Woman--Stampeders
4 Sweet Hitch-Hiker--Creedence Clearwater Revival
5 Liar--Three Dog Night
6 Mr. Big Stuff--Jean Knight
7 Beginnings/Colour My World--Chicago
8 Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)--Marvin Gaye
9 I'm Leavin'--Elvis Presley
10 Saturday Morning Confusion--Bobby Russell

Singles entering the chart were She Didn't Do Magic by Lobo (#25); Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep by Mac and Katie Kissoon (#28); The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down by Joan Baez (#29); and I Ain't Got Time Anymore by the Glass Bottle (#30).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKVN)
1 Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey--Paul & Linda McCartney
2 Colour My World/Beginnings--Chicago
3 Liar-- Three Dog Night
4 What the World Needs Now is Love/Abraham, Martin and John--Tom Clay
5 Sweet Hitch-Hiker--Creedence Clearwater Revival
6 We Got a Dream--Ocean
7 Rain Dance--The Guess Who
8 Rings--Cymarron
9 Riders on the Storm--The Doors
10 Won't Get Fooled Again--The Who

Singles entering the chart were The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down by Joan Baez (#34); Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep by Mac and Katie Kissoon (#37); Summer Side of Life by Gordon Lightfoot (#38); Go Away Little Girl by Donny Osmond (#39); and Stick-Up by the Honey Cone (#40).

Weather
Late on a hot afternoon, it began to rain, marking the third straight year that it had rained in Yellowknife on August 20.

Diplomacy
Malawian President Hastings Kamuzu Banda ended a state visit to the Republic of South Africa, becoming the first black head of state to travel to that country.

Politics and government
A new constitution for the proposed three-member Federation of Arab Republics was signed by representatives of Syria, Egypt, and Libya.

Science
Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo announced the end of the Stanford Prison Experiment after just six days. The experiment, which had officially begun on August 15, was intended to see what the psychological effects were of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Stanford students were recruited through an advertisement and, once selected, were randomly assigned as guards or prisoners. The experiment has been criticized for its ethics and methodology, and its findings have been questioned.



Baseball
Ferguson Jenkins (20-9) gave up 2 runs in the top of the 1st inning, but shut out the Houston Astros the rest of the way as the Chicago Cubs edged the Houston Astros 3-2 in the first game of a doubleheader before 30,711 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The Cubs overcame the early deficit with a 3-run home run by Johnny Callison with 2 out in the bottom of the 2nd innings. Ron Cook (0-2) took the loss. J.C. Martin doubled home Mr. Callison and Cleo James with none out in the 8th as the Cubs came back from a 4-2 deficit to win the second game 5-4 to complete the sweep. Gene Hiser made his major league debut as a pinch hitter for Chicago in the second game, striking out to lead off the 7th inning.

Jim Fairey hit his only home run of the season--a 2-run blast with 2 out in the 2nd inning--to provide the necessary scoring for the Montreal Expos as they beat the San Francisco Giants 4-1 before 26,122 fans at Jarry Park in Montreal. Mr. Fairey also had a double and a base on balls. Ron Fairly drove in the other Montreal runs with a home run and a single. Bill Stoneman (14-10) pitched a 4-hitter to outduel Juan Marichal (12-9), who pitched a 9-hitter.

Earl Williams scored on a bases-loaded sacrifice fly by Marty Perez in the bottom of the 12th inning to give the Atlanta Braves a 6-5 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 16,099 fans at Atlanta Stadium.

Ollie Brown doubled home Enzo Hernandez and Nate Colbert with 2 out in the top of the 8th inning to break a 1-1 tie as the San Diego Padres edged the New York Mets 3-2 before 28,863 fans at Shea Stadium in New York. The Mets scored a run in the bottom of the 9th and had runners on first and second bases with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th, but Ken Singleton grounded into a double play to end the game. Clay Kirby (11-10) allowed 5 hits and 2 earned runs in 8.1 innings to win the pitchers' duel over Jerry Koosman (4-8), who allowed 6 hits and 3 runs--2 earned--in 7.2 innings.

Ross Grimsley (8-5) pitched a 4-hitter and Tony Perez hit a 2-run home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 1st inning to provide the necessary scoring for the Cincinnati Reds as they shut out the Pittsburgh Pirates 6-0 before 26,452 fans at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati. Lee May, whose single immediately preceded Mr. Perez's home run, added a 2-run homer of his own in the 6th.

Leo Cardenas' 3-run home run climaxed a 5-run 8th inning for the Minnesota Twins and they added 2 in the 9th as they came back from a 5-0 deficit to defeat the Baltimore Orioles 8-5 before 29,616 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Frank Robinson drove in 4 runs for Baltimore with a pair of 2-run homers.

Jay Johnstone and Bill Melton each hit 2-run home runs in the 1st inning and Mr. Johnstone added a 2-run homer in the 9th for the Chicago White Sox as they beat the Cleveland Indians 9-1 before 7,256 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. Tom Bradley (13-10) allowed 8 hits and 1 earned run in 7.2 innings to get the win over Vince Colbert (3-4), who faced 4 batters to start the game, all of whom scored.

Dick McAuliffe and Jim Northrup hit consecutive singles to begin the bottom of the 7th inning and Al Kaline followed with a home run to break a 0-0 tie as the Detroit Tigers edged the Milwaukee Brewers 3-2 before 20,510 fans at Tiger Stadium. Tommy Harper led off the 8th inning with a home run for the first Milwaukee run and the Brewers added another run in the 9th and had runners on first and second bases with 2 out, but Tom Timmermann relieved Fred Scherman and struck out Mr. Harper to end the game. Joe Niekro (6-5) allowed 8 hits and 2 earned runs in 8.1 innings to get the win over Bill Parsons (10-15).

Frank Howard batted 2 for 3 with a base on balls, sacrifice fly, 1 run, and 1 run batted in to help the Washington Senators defeat the Kansas City Royals 6-3 in the first game of a doubleheader before 11,523 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City. Mr. Howard was 4 for 5 with a double, 2 runs, and 2 RBIs to help the Senators win the second game 8-2 to complete the sweep. Denny McLain (8-16) and Dick Bosman (10-13) pitched respective complete game victories.

Billy Conigliaro singled to lead off the 8th inning and scored from third base on a 1-out single by Doug Griffin for the game's only run as the Boston Red Sox edged the Oakland Athletics 1-0 before 31,494 fans at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. Gary Peters (12-9) pitched a 6-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Vida Blue (22-5), who allowed just 4 hits.

Rudy May (8-9) pitched a 5-hitter and Jim Spencer hit a 3-run home run for the California Angels as they shut out the New York Yankees 6-0 before 8,655 fans at Anaheim Stadium. Steve Kline (9-12) allowed 7 hits and 5 runs--2 earned--in 3.2 innings to take the loss. Terry Ley, the third of four New York pitchers, allowed 1 hit and 1 run--unearned--in 3 innings, walking 6 batters and striking out 1, making 1 assist in his first major league game.

40 years ago
1981

Died on this date
Michael Devine, 27. U.K. terrorist. Mr. Devine was a Northern Irish socialist who helped found the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in 1974. He was five years into a 12-year sentence at Maze Prison when he joined other prisoners in a hunger strike, but died on the 60th day of his strike, becoming the tenth and last of the hunger strikers to die.

30 years ago
1991

Europeana
Estonia, occupied by and incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, issued a decision on the re-establishment of independence on the basis of legal continuity of its pre-occupation statehood.

Protest
More than 100,000 people rallied outside the Soviet Union's parliament building in Moscow protesting the coup aiming to depose President Mikhail Gorbachev.

25 years ago
1996

Protest
Riot police raided Yonsei University in Seoul to end a nine-day standoff. 5,848 students were detained; 1,000 policemen and students were injured; and 1 policeman was killed. Students were taking part in an annual rally for reunification with North Korea.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Fred Hoyle, 86. U.K. astronomer. Sir Fred was one of the most famous astronomers of the 20th century, known primarily for the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. He coined the term "Big Bang" for that theory of the origin of the universe, which he rejected in favour of a "steady state." Sir Fred was also known for his contarian views on a wide range of subjects.

Kim Stanley, 76. U.S. actress. Miss Stanley, born Patricia Kimberley Reid, was mainly known for her work in theatre and television drama in the 1950s and early '60s. She was nominated for Tony Awards for her starring performances in A Touch of the Poet (1958) and A Far Country (1961). Miss Stanley won Emmy Awards for a guest starring appearance in a two-part episode of Ben Casey (1963) and for her supporting performance in the made-for-television film Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1984). Miss Stanley appeared in few movies, but received Academy Award nominations for her starring performance in Séance on a Wet Afternoon (1964) and her supporting performance in Frances (1982). She spent most of her later years as an acting teacher, and died of uterine cancer.

Baseball
Ken Griffey, Jr.'s inside-the-park solo home run with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning gave the Cincinnati Reds a 5-4 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 19,323 fans at Cinergy Field in Cincinnati, ending the Cardinals' winning streak at 11 games.

Paul O'Neill and Tino Martinez hit home runs during a 5-run 8th inning for the New York Yankees to complete their comeback from a 5-2 deficit as they defeated the Texas Rangers 9-5 before 35,125 fans at the Ballpark in Arlington.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Ross Barbour, 82. U.S. singer. Mr. Barbour and his brother Don were founding members of the vocal quartet Hal's Harmonizers in 1948, who soon became known as the Four Freshmen. The group had several hit singles and albums through the early 1960s, and heavily influenced other vocal artists, most notably the Beach Boys. Ross Barbour retired from the Four Freshmen in 1977, and died of cancer.

March 20, 2021

830 years ago
1191

Died on this date
Clement III, 61 (?). Roman Catholic Pope, 1187-1191. Clement III, born Paulion (or Paolo) Scolari, succeeded Gregory VIII. He was involved in a dispute with Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI at the time of his death. Pope Clement III was succeeded in office by Celestine III.

670 years ago
1351

Died on this date
Muhammad bin Tughluq, 60-61 (?). Sultan of Delhi, 1325-1351. Muhammad bin Tughluq acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Ghiyas-ud-din, founder of the Tughluq dynasty. He was a devout Muslim who was interested in medicine and skilled in several languages, but was also described as having a bizarre character. Muhammad bin Tughluq died on his way to Thatta, Sindh, while campaigning in Sindh against the Taghi, a Turkish slave tribe. He was succeeded on the throne by his cousin Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

210 years ago
1811

Born on this date
Napoleon II. Emperor of France, 1815. Napoleon II, the son of Emperor Napoleon I, was designated as his father's successor when Napoleon I abdicated, and was titular Emperor of France from June 22-July 7, 1815. However, the Commission of Government, which held power for two weeks, never formally summoned Napoleon II, who was living in Austria with his mother. He died from tuberculosis on July 22, 1832 at the age of 21, and was succeeded by his cousin Napoleon III, who acceded to the throne in 1852.

190 years ago
1831

Born on this date
Solomon Spink. U.S. politician. Mr. Spink, a Republican, was a lawyer and journalist who was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1864) before moving to Dakota Territory, serving as the territory's secretary (1865-1869) and as its non-voting delegate to the U.S. Congress (1869-1871). He was defeated in his bids for re-election in 1870 and 1876, and died on September 22, 1881 at the age of 50.

Patrick Jennings. U.K.-born Australian politician. Sir Patrick, a native of Ireland, moved to Australia in 1852, became a magistrate in 1857, and eventually settled in New South Wales. He was a member of the N.S.W. Legislative Council (1867-1870), and represented Bogan in the N.S.W. Legislative Assembly (1870-1872, 1880-1887). Sir Patrick was N.S.W. Colonial Secretary (October-December 1885) and Premier (February 1886-January 1887); his government had difficulty dealing witha financial crisis, and he didn't run in the 1887 state election. Sir Patrick was nominated to the Legislative Council in 1890, and died on July 11, 1897 at the age of 66.

170 years ago
1851

Transportation
Edward Serell's Queenston-Lewiston suspension bridge, a 318-metre (1,043 foot) span supported by stone towers, formally opened at Queenston, Canada West.

160 years ago
1861

Disasters
An earthquake destroyed Mendoza, Argentina.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Wop May. Canadian aviator. Wilfrid May, a native of Carberry, Manitoba, moved to Edmonton in 1902. He joined the Canadian Army in 1916 and went to England, but resigned when he was accepted into the Royal Flying Corps, where he rose to the rank of captain. Captain May was credited with 13 combat victories and may have had 5 more, but he was primarily known for the events of April 21, 1918: He chased German pilot Wolfram von Richthofen, but Mr. Richthofen's brother Manfred, the "Red Baron," fired on Capt. May and then chased him before being shot down. Capt. May resigned from the RFC in 1919 and returned to Edmonton, where he and his brother Elgin founded Canada's first "air harbour." Mr. May attracted international attention in January 1929 when he and Vic Horner flew vaccines to Little Red River in northern Alberta in a desperate attempt to save lives and prevent an outbreak of diphtheria. Mr. May helped the Royal Canadian Mounted Police capture Albert Johnson, the "Mad Trapper" of Rat River, Northwest Territories in February 1932. Mr. Johnson seriously wounded an RCMP officer before being killed in a shootout, and Mr. May flew the injured policeman 125 miles to a doctor, saving his life. Mr. May participated in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan in World War II, commanding the No.2 Air Observer School in Edmonton and supervising all western schools. He was on vacation in Utah with his son Denny when he died of a stroke on June 21, 1952 at the age of 56.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Alfonso García Robles. Mexican diplomat and politician. Mr. García Robles held various diplomatic posts, and served as Mexico's Foreign Minister from 1975-1976. He and Alva Myrdal shared the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize "[for] their magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition." Mr. García Robles died on September 2, 1991 at the age of 80.

100 years ago
1921

Europeana
The Upper Silesia plebiscite, mandated by the Versailles Treaty to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland, resulted in 59.4% of the vote going in favour of remaining with Germany and 40.6% in favour of secession from Germany and joining Poland.

90 years ago
1931

Died on this date
Hermann Müller, 54. Chancellor of Germany, 1920, 1928-1930. Mr. Müller, a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), was a journalist before first being elected to the Reichstag in 1916. As Foreign Minister (1919-1920), he was one of the German signatories of the Treaty of Versailles. Mr. Müller served as Chancellor from March-June 1920, succeeding in passing several social reforms before the SPD was defeated in the general election. He led a four-party coalition government in his second term as Chancellor, and was successful in negotiating a reduction in Great War reparations and a promise by the Allies to completely remove their forces from the Rhineland by May 1930. Mr. Müller suffered a life-threatening illness in 1929, and his coalition everntually fell apart over budgetary issues; he resigned on March 27, 1930, after President Paul von Hindenburg refused to provide his government with emergency powers to deal with the budgetary crisis. Mr. Müller died after a gall blader operation.

80 years ago
1941

War
German bombers subjected Plymouth, England to its worst raids of the European war. The British battleship Malaya was struck by a German torpedo in the mid-Atlantic Ocean, but there were reportedly no injuries. U.S. Army Colonel Charles Lindbergh said in the article A Letter to Americans in the March 29, 1941 issue of Collier's magazine that the United States was being led toward war "with ever-increasing rapidity and with every conceivable deception."

Defense
U.S. Representative Joseph Mansfield (Democrat--Texas) urged that the Panama Canal be converted to a sea-level canal to lessen the danger of air raids. Seven U.S. warships arrived in Sydney, Australia on a goodwill visit.

Law
U.S. Attorney General Robert Jackson asked Congress to legalize the use of wire-tapping evidence against spies, saboteurs, kidnappers, and extortionists.

Golf
Sam Snead won the North-South Open at Pinehurst, North Carolina.

75 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Fred M. Smith, 72. U.S. religious leader. Dr. Smith was President of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and was the son of its founder, Joseph Smith III. He succeeded to the presidency in 1915 after his father's death. Dr. Smith obtained his doctorate in psychology from Clark University, and attempted to use social science methods in addressing the problems of his day. He was involved in a controversy in the 1920s over "supreme directional control" of the church, which marred his leadership. Dr. Smith was succeeded in office by his brother Israel.

Disasters
185 people were killed when a train derailed near Aracaju, Brazil.

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: Telephone Call, starring Russell Collins, Robert Emhardt, and Eileen Heckart



Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Cliff Lander!

Died on this date
Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, 91. President of Ecuador, 1916-1920; Vice President of Ecuador, 1903-1906. Mr. Baquierzo, a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party, was Minister of Foreign Affairs (1901-1903) and President of the Senate (1912-1915) in addition to his other offices. His presidency included public works, social reforms such as the abolition of debtors' prisons, and the Muñoz Vernaza-Suárez Treaty, defining the border between Ecuador and Colombia. Mr. Baquierzo continued in public life until 1931 as a Senator and special ambassador. He died in New York.

Politics and government
Indonesian Prime Minister Mohammed Natsir of the Masjumi (Muslim) Party and his coalition cabinet resigned when the powerful Nationalist Party withdrew its support from the government.

Terrorism
Martial law was imposed on Tehran in an attempt to curb terrorism.

Japanica
Fujiyoshida, a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, in the centre of the main island of Honshū, was founded.

Defense
U.S. Labor Secretary Maurice Tobin established a Women's Advisory Committee on Defense Manpower, naming himself as chairman and former Representative Mary Norton (Democrat--New Jersey) as vice chairman.

Crime
New York Police Commissioner Thomas Murphy announced that there was no organized gambling or police corruption in New York City, following a drive against bookmakers.

Agriculture
France announced plans for a conference of 16 countries to study a Western European agricultural community similar to the recently-created European Coal and Steel Community.

Business
Eva Peron's Social Aid Foundation opened a chain of grocery stores in Buenos Aires to sell goods at slightly lower prices than in privately-operated stores.

Boxing
Rocky Marciano (33-0) scored a technical knockout over Harold Mitchell (3-14-3) at 2:45 of the 2nd round of a heavyweight bout at Hartford Auditorium in Hartford, Connecticut.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Quince Años Tiene Mi Amor--Dúo Dinámico (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Non, je ne regrette rien--Édith Piaf (10th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Surrender--Elvis Presley
2 Pony Time--Chubby Checker
3 Don't Worry--Marty Robbins
4 Where the Boys Are--Connie Francis
5 Dedicated to the One I Love--The Shirelles
6 Apache--Jorgen Ingmann and his Guitar
7 Wheels--The String-A-Longs
8 Ebony Eyes--The Everly Brothers
9 Walk Right Back--The Everly Brothers
10 Baby Sittin' Boogie--Buzz Clifford

Singles entering the chart were (Love Theme from) One Eyed Jacks by Ferrante and Teicher (#75); Fell in Love on Monday (#84)/Shu Rah (#97) by Fats Domino; Foolin' Around by Kay Starr (#89); A Hundred Pounds of Clay by Gene McDaniels (#91); Theme from Dixie by Duane Eddy (#93); (Theme from) My Three Sons by Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra (#94); Some Kind of Wonderful by the Drifters (#95); Seventeen by Frankie Ford (#99); and The Blizzard by Jim Reeves (#100). As the titles indicate, (Love Theme from) One Eyed Jacks was a version of the theme from the movie, and (Theme from) My Three Sons was a version of the theme from the television series.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Music Vendor)
1 Surrender--Elvis Presley
2 Don't Worry--Marty Robbins
3 Pony Time--Chubby Checker
4 Blue Moon--The Marcels
5 Wheels--The String-A-Longs
--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra
6 Ebony Eyes--The Everly Brothers
7 Dedicated to the One I Love--The Shirelles
8 Where the Boys Are--Connie Francis
9 Apache--Jorgen Ingmann and his Guitar
10 Think Twice--Brook Benton

Singles entering the chart were Brass Buttons by the String-A-Longs (#54); Please Tell Me Why by Jackie Wilson (#56); Runaway by Del Shannon (#57); Model Girl by Johnny Maestro (#88); Tonight I Fell in Love by the Tokens (#90); Some Kind of Wonderful by the Drifters (#91); Apache by Sonny James (#93); Memphis by Donnie Brooks (#94); Like, Long Hair by Paul Revere & the Raiders (#95); Out of a Clear Blue Sky by Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra (#96); Theme from Dixie by Duane Eddy and the Rebels (#97); Early in the Morning by Ray Charles (#98); Ling-Ting-Tong by Buddy Knox (#99); and Little Girl, Little Boy by Al Martino (#100).

World events
Five days after announcing that his country would be leaving the Commonwealth of Nations upon becoming a republic on May 31, South African Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd received a hero's welcome from thousands of admirers upon his return to Johannesburg.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Il cuore e' uno zingaro--Nicola Di Bari (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Another Day--Paul McCartney

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Hot Love--T. Rex

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (6th week at #1)
2 The Pushbike Song--The Mixtures
3 Knock Three Times--Dawn
4 Eleanor Rigby--Zoot
5 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
6 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 Apeman--The Kinks
8 Band of Gold--Freda Payne
9 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
10 I'll Be Gone--Spectrum

Singles entering the chart were Amazing Grace by Judy Collins (#46); Wichita Lineman by King Harvest (#48); Hey Diddle Diddle by Co. Shears (#53); Share the Land by the Guess Who (#56); Grandad by Clive Dunn (#57); Armstrong by Reg Lindsay (#58); Good Feeling by Max Merritt and the Meteors (#59); and Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep by Middle of the Road (#60).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Du--Peter Maffray (2nd week at #1)
2 Butterfly--Danyel Gerard
3 Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep--Middle of the Road
4 There's No More Corn on the Brasos--The Walkers
5 Invitation--Earth and Fire
6 Nothing Rhymed--Gilbert O'Sullivan
7 Silver Moon--Michael Nesmith & the First National Band
8 Chirpy, Chirpy, Cheep, Cheep--Lally Stott
9 Mozart - First Movement Symphony No. 40--Waldo De Los Rios
10 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson

Singles entering the chart were What is Life by George Harrison (#14); Another Day by Paul McCartney (#19); Nathalie by George Baker Selection (#26); Ich bin verliebt in die Liebe by Chris Roberts (#28); Jaren Komen, Jaren Gaan by Anja & Johnny (#35); Maybe I'm Amazed by Fickle Pickle (#36); It's Impossible by Perry Como (#37); and The Song of My Life by Petula Clark (#40).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
2 She's a Lady--Tom Jones
3 Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)--The Temptations
4 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
5 For All We Know--Carpenters
6 Proud Mary--Ike & Tina Turner
7 Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family
8 What's Going On--Marvin Gaye
9 Help Me Make it Through the Night--Sammi Smith
10 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot

Singles entering the chart were I Won't Mention it Again by Ray Price (#72); Friends by Elton John (#73); Who Gets the Guy by Dionne Warwick (#74); I Don't Blame You at All by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (#79); Man in Black by Johnny Cash (#80); Time and Love by Barbra Streisand (#82); I Think of You by Perry Como (#86); Could I Forget You by Tyrone Davis (#88); Nickel Song by the New Seekers (#90); Soldier's Last Letter by Merle Haggard and the Strangers (#91); Booty Butt by the Ray Charles Orchestra (#92); I'm Girl Scoutin' by the Intruders (#93); Melting Pot by Booker T. & the M.G.'s (#94); Adrienne by Tommy James (#95); Here Comes the Sun by Richie Havens (#96); I Don't Know How to Love Him/Everything's Alright by the Kimberlys (#99); and Me and My Arrow by Nilsson (#100). Friends was the title song from the movie, for which Mr. John performed all the songs.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Just My Imagination (Running Away With Me)--The Temptations
2 Doesn’t Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family
3 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
4 She’s a Lady--Tom Jones
5 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
6 For All We Know--Carpenters
7 Have You Ever Seen the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
8 Proud Mary--Ike & Tina Turner
9 Mama’s Pearl--The Jackson 5
10 Don’t Let the Green Grass Fool You--Wilson Pickett

Singles entering the chart were Friends by Elton John (#52); I Am...I Said by Neil Diamond (#54); If by Bread (#72); Who Gets the Guy by Dionne Warwick (#74); I Play and Sing by Dawn (#81); Someone Who Cares by Kenny Rogers and the First Edition (#82); Time and Love by Barbra Streisand (#83); I Wish I Were by Andy Kim (#85); Booty Butt by the Ray Charles Orchestra (#86); Love Makes the World Go Round by Odds & Ends (#92); Adrienne by Tommy James (#93); Sweet and Innocent by Donny Osmond (#96); Layla by Derek and the Dominoes (#98); L.A. Goodbye by the Ides of March (#99); and C’mon by Poco (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
2 She's a Lady--Tom Jones
3 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival
4 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
5 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
6 Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family
7 For All We Know--Carpenters
8 Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)--The Temptations
9 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
10 Proud Mary--Ike & Tina Turner

Singles entering the chart were I Play and Sing by Dawn (#56); We Can Work it Out by Stevie Wonder (#65); I Am...I Said by Neil Diamond (#69); If by Bread (#77); I Wish I Were by Andy Kim (#80); Friends by Elton John (#83); Timothy by the Buoys (#84); Could I Forget You by Tyrone Davis (#85); Put Your Hand in the Hand by Ocean (#86); I Don't Blame You at All by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (#90); Who Gets the Guy by Dionne Warwick (#93); Someone Who Cares by Kenny Rogers and the First Edition (#95); Love Makes the World Go Round by Odds & Ends (#96); Melting Pot by Booker T. & the M.G.'s (#98); I Believe in Music by Marion Love (#99); and Cool Aid by Paul Humphrey & his Cool Aid Chemists (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival (2nd week at #1)
2 She’s a Lady--Tom Jones
3 Doesn’t Somebody Want to Be Wanted--The Partridge Family
4 Stay Awhile--The Bells
5 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
6 What is Life--George Harrison
7 For All We Know--Carpenters
8 Mama’s Pearl--The Jackson 5
9 Oye Como Va--Santana
10 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds

Singles entering the chart were I Wish I Were by Andy Kim (#69); Sault Ste. Marie by the Original Caste (#70); I Think of You by Perry Como (#71); Got to Find Someone to Love by Dee Higgins (#85); Man from the City by Humphrey and the Dump Trucks (#89); 20 Years by the Jarvis Street Revue (#97); What’s Going On by Marvin Gaye (#98); Jodie by Joey Gregorash (#99); and All God’s Children by Doug Hutton (#100).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 Woodstock--Matthews' Southern Comfort (2nd week at #1)
2 Have You Ever Seen the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
3 I Was Wondering--The Poppy Family
4 Carry Me--Stampeders
5 Theme from Love Story--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
6 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
7 Me and Bobby McGee--Janis Joplin
8 What is Life--George Harrison
9 Stay Awhile--The Bells
10 She's a Lady--Tom Jones
Pick hit of the Week: Ain't it Sad--R. Dean Taylor

Died on this date
Orville Mosher, 85. U.S. historian. "Sir" Orville earned a law degree from Harvard University before receiving a doctorate in history in France. In 1929 he settled to Emporia, Kansas, where he remained for the rest of his life, teaching history at Kansas State Teachers College (now known as Emporia State University) and was curator of the Lyon County History Center from the late 1930s through the 1960s. "Sir" Orville received the 'medaille d'Honneur Academique avec le titre 'Chevalier Lancier d'Honneur' from the French academie in 1963, hence his title. This blogger's father took a course from "Sir" Orville, and the two remained lifelong friends.

Politics and government
Under heavy pressure from Protestant conservatives in a continuing dispute over the tactics to be used against Roman Catholic terrorists, James Chichester-Clark resigned as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the Ulster Unionist Party. He was succeeded in both positions three days later by Brian Faulkner.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade #1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): När vi två blir en--Gyllene Tider (15th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Reality--Richard Sanderson (8th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre (3rd week at #1)
2 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
3 Give Me Back My Love--Maywood
4 Stop the Cavalry--Jona Lewie
5 Never Knew Love Like This Before--Stephanie Mills
6 Lady--Kenny Rogers
7 De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da--The Police
8 A Lot of Things--Peach
9 Can You Feel It--The Jacksons
10 Fashion--David Bowie

Singles entering the chart were Gypsy Girl by David Scobie (#16); Rapture by Blondie (#18); and Spend the Night in Love by the Four Seasons (#20).

Protest
At least four two-hour strikes were held in cities in northern Poland to protest harassment by authorities. The leaders of the trade union movement Solidarity broke off all talks with Polish authorities and told union members to prepare to go on strike.

Defense
The United States Defense Department announced that 18 of the 54 military advisers who had been sent to El Salvador would return to the U.S. by July, following the completion of their assignments.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Joyride--Roxette (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
The Wonder Years, on ABC
Tonight’s episode: When Worlds Collide

Politics and government
Kuwaiti Premier Crown Prince Saad al-Abdallah Al Sabah and his entire cabinet resigned amid public protest over the government’s failure to supply necessities such as food, electricity, and water.

Yugoslavian President Borislav Jovic, whose March 15 resignation hadn’t been accepted by Serbia, returned to the executive body and resumed his role as Yugoslavia’s head of state.

Keith Spicer issued What We Have Heard So Far--the interim report of the Citizen's Forum on Canada's Future; the Spicer Commission talked to 75,000 Canadians.

Economics and finance
Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada reported that personal and business bankruptcies had reached their highest level ever; up 68% from 1990.

The United States Commerce Department reported that the merchandise trade deficit stood at $7 billion in January.

25 years ago
1996

Crime
A jury in Los Angeles convicted Erik and Lyle Menendez of first-degree murder. A mistrial had been declared on January 28, 1994 in Los Angeles Superior Court in the murder trial of Lyle Menendez, 26, who, with his brother Erik, 23, had been accused of the August 20, 1989 murder of their parents in their Beverly Hills, California home in order to inherit their $14-million estate. The brothers had testified that they had endured years of sexual and emotional abuse from their parents. The brothers had been tried separately, and Erik's trial had also ended in a mistrial on January 13. The brothers had been tried separately, and both juries had been unable to reach verdicts. In one of the trials, the accused admitted killing his mother, but a typically stupid female juror stated afterward to a reporter that she didn't think he'd really done it, prompting conservative commentator Rush Limbaugh to say that women shouldn't be allowed to sit on a jury where the defendant is a hunk. The brothers are currently serving life sentences without possibility of parole.

Health
A scientific report linking mad cow disease and the slow-developing but fatal Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease raised fears about the safety of British beef at home and abroad.

Basketball
NBA
Vancouver 93 @ Atlanta 98



20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Luis Alvarado Martínez, 52. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Alvarado, a native of Puerto Rico, was an infielder with the Boston Red Sox (1968-1970); Chicago White Sox (1971-1974); St. Louis Cardinals (1974, 1976); Cleveland Indians (1974); New York Mets (1977); and Detroit Tigers (1977), batting .214 with 5 home runs and 84 runs batted in in 463 games, earing a reputation for outstanding defensive skills. He concluded his playing career with three seasons in the Mexican League (1979-1981), and returned to Puerto Rico, working in sports and recreation. Mr. Alvarado was coaching youngsters in basketball when he collapsed on the court with a fatal heart attack.

Diplomacy
U.S. President George W. Bush met in Washington with Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Mr. Bush assured Mr. Sharon that the United States remained solidly supportive of Israel. The two leaders agreed that Middle East peace talks could not be pressed during the current climate of violence.

Environment
U.S. President George W. Bush repealed a last-minute decision by the previous administration of Bill Clinton to reduce the amount of arsenic traces allowed in drinking water.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Federal Reserve Board cut interest rates by 0.5%, stating that there was "substantial risk" that the economy would be weak for some time.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 238.35 points.

Disasters
Testifying before a United States Navy investigation, Commander Scott Waddle, commander of the submarine USS Greenville, which had surfaced and collided with a Japanese fishing boat on February 9 with the deaths of nine people on the trawler, accepted full responsibility for the accident, although he added that some of his subordinates had contributed to the accident by failing to follow standard procedures.

The world’s largest oil rig collapsed off the coast of Brazil, about 120 miles north of Rio de Janeiro, and sank into the Atlantic Ocean, five days after one of the structural support beams had been destroyed by three explosions. Ten workers had died, while the rest fought to keep the rig afloat.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Johnny Pearson, 85. U.K. musician. Mr. Pearson was a jazz and pop pianist who directed the orchestra for the BBC television program Top of the Pops (1965-1981). He wrote a catalogue of library music, with many of his pieces used as themes for television series.

Skiing
Jennifer Heil of Canada won a silver medal in dual moguls at the final World Cup event of the season.

January 2, 2021

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Kathy Fincham!

1,070 years ago
951

Died on this date
Yin, 19. Emperor of China, 948-951. Yin, born Liu Chengyou, acceded to the throne upon the sudden death of his father Gaozu. He killed his important ministers, and when he ordered the murders of the family of General Guo Wei, Guo Wei responded with a rebellion, which resulted in the death of Emperor Yin--likley at the hands of Guo Wei's soldiers--and the end of the short-lived Han dynasty.

230 years ago
1791

War
Lenape and Wyandot warriors massacred 14 white settlers in Ohio, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.

160 years ago
1861

Died on this date
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, 65. King of Prussia, 1840-1861. Friedrich Wilhelm IV acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Friedrich Wilhelm III. He was a Romanticist who was conservative in his views, and was responsible for the construction of many buildings in Berlin and Potsdam. King Friedrich IV used the military to crush the revolutions of 1848-1849, but rejected the title of Emperor, and oversaw the transition of Prussia to a constitutional monarchy. He suffered from numerous health problems, and suffered a series of strokes in later years. His brother became regent in 1858 and became King Wilhelm I upon Friedrich Wilhelm IV's death.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Dziga Vertov. U.S.S.R. film director. Mr. Vertov, born David Abelevich Kaufman in what is now part of Poland, directed documentaries and newsreels, and influenced the cinéma vérité style of documentary filmmaking. His best-known work was the silent documentary Man with a Movie Camera (1929). Mr. Vertov died of cancer on February 12, 1954 at the age of 58.

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie Bowell tried to void the Manitoba Schools Act that abolished French as an official language in the province and removed funding for Catholic schools. The Privy Council upheld the act, but left the federal government with the option to declare it void; Sir Mackenzie, former head of the protestant Orange Order, chose to uphold the terms under which Manitoba had entered Confederation in 1870, and issued an Order-in-Council in support of the Catholics. Seven of his cabinet ministers resigned on January 4.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Bob Marshall. U.S. environmental activist. Dr. Marshall worked with the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and spearheaded the founding of the Wilderness Society in 1935, dedicated to preserving wilderness and public lands in the United States. He died of apparent heart failure while on a train travelling from Washington, D.C. to New York City on November 11, 1939 at the age of 38.

100 years ago
1921

On the radio
The first religious broadcast took place when the service at Calvary Episcopal Church in Pittsburgh was broadcast on KDKA.

Born on this date
Edmund Trzcinski. U.S. playwright. Mr. Trzcinski was with the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, and was shot down and interned in Luft Stalag 17B in Austria. He and fellow prisoner Donald Bevan used their experiences as the basis for their play Stalag 17 (1951). Mr. Trzcinski appeared in the 1953 movie Stalag 17 as a prisoner, and died on June 3, 1996 at the age of 75.

Glen Harmon. Canadian hockey player. Mr. Harmon, a native of Holland, Manitoba, was a defenceman with the Montreal Canadiens (1942-51), scoring 146 points on 50 goals and 96 assists in 452 regular season games and 5 goals and 10 assists in 53 playoff games. He was a member of Stanley Cup championship teams in 1944 and 1946, and made the National Hockey League's second All-Star team in 1944-45 and 1948-49. Mr. Harmon died on March 9, 2007 at the age of 86.

80 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Mischa Levitzki, 42. Ukrainian-born U.S. musician and composer. Mr. Levitzki, born to naturalized Americans who were visiting their homeland when it was still part of the Russian Empire, was a concert pianist who was a child prodigy and performed throughout the world. He wrote several pieces for piano, and died of a heart attack.

War
German bombing severely damaged Llandaff Cathedral in Cardiff.

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced a program to build 200 standardized 7,500-ton freighters for the war effort. A Gallup Poll reported that 85% of American voters believed that Britain would lose the war if U.S. shipments stopped.

Journalist William Allen White announced his resignation as chairman of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, complaining that the group was controlled by a pro-war faction.

Diplomacy
Panamanian President Arnulfo Arias Madrid said that Panama could not accept U.S. sovereignty or jurisdiction over any segment of his country, but was ready to cooperate with U.S. military forces.

The Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia agreed to double its tribute to Germany as "guarantor of the Protectorate's security and sovereignty."

Crime
The last 17 Christian Front members charged with conspiracy to overthrow the United States government were freed in Brooklyn as the prosecution dropped the case.

Labour
U.S. Wage and Price Administrator Philip Fleming ordered an increase in minimum wages for railroad employees.

75 years ago
1946

War
At the Nazi war crimes trial in Nuremberg, Gestapo leader Ernst Kaltenbrunner was charged with witnessing gas executions at Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp in Austria, and ordering the slaughter of camp inmates in the path of advancing Allied armies. At the hearings of the United States Senate committee on the December 7, 1941 Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, U.S. Navy Admiral Harold Stark testified that he thought that the command in Hawaii had adequate warning to prepare for war.

Nationalist Chinese troops entered the province of Jehoi in northeastern China to take it over from the Communists, who announced that they would resist such efforts.

World events
Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Morgan, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation chief in Germany, declared that he was unimpressed "by all the talk about pogroms in Poland," and claimed that Polish Jews were entering the American sector with a "well-organized, positive plan" to leave Europe. Meanwhile, Chief Secretary of the Palestine Administration J.V.W. Shaw disclosed that all 75,000 immigration permits issued under the 1939 White Paper had been issued, and no more were available.

Defense
The U.S. State Department proposed an Inter-American defense treaty conference, to be held in Brazil in March 1946.

Politics and government
U.S.S.R. Ambassador to the United States Andrei Gromyko was appointed as Soviet representative on the Far Eastern Commission in Japan. The U.S. War Department released Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan General Douglas MacArthur's occupation report, which said that the Communist Party was coming to life in Japan, and younger Japanese were beginning to question whether the country's future lay in Communism or democracy.

The U.S. Supreme Court rejected a suit brought by John Green to oust Carter Glass (Democrat--Virginia) from the United States Senate. Mr. Glass, who turned 88 on January 4, 1946, had been absent from the Senate for more than three years because of illness.

Japanica
Japanese people were astonished by the publication of two photographs of Emperor Hirohito and his family, one showing him in civilian dress for the first time.

Religion
The Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Mormon fundamentalists William Chatwin, Charles Zitting, and Edna Christensen were not guilty of breaking the Lindbergh kidnapping law in taking Dorothy Wyler to Mexico to become Mr. Chatwin's second wife, since the girl was not forced into the marriage.

Protest
40 people were killed and 300 wounded in rioting during the inauguration of Ignacio Quiroz as Mayor of Leon, Mexico.

Commercial life in Damascus, Aleppo, and Beirut was paralyzed by a strike protesting continued British and French occupation.

Labour
3,000 Congress of Industrial Organizations-American Communications Association members employed by Western Union voted in New York to strike on January 8 against a National War Labor Board decision reducing wage increases.

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Death in a River

At the movies
Gasoline Alley, directed and co-written by Edward Bernds, and starring Scotty Beckett, Jimmy Lydon, Susan Morrow, and Don Beddoe, opened in theatres.



Died on this date
William Campion, 80. U.K. and Australian politician. Sir William, a Conservative, represented Lewes in the House of Commons (1910-1924) and served as Governor of Western Australia (1924-1931).

Nashimoto Morimasa, 76. Japanese royal family member. Prince Nashimoto, an uncle-in-law of Emperor Hirohito, was a career military officer whose service included the Russo-Japanese War and who rose to the rank of field marshal. He held no major commands during World War II, and retired at the age of 70 in 1944. Prince Nashimoto was arrested in December 1945 for his role in supporting state Shintoism, but was released without charges in April 1946. Allied authorities denied Prince Nashimoto compensation for the loss of his title and properties, and he spent his last years in poverty until his death from a heart attack.

Defense
The 81st U.S. Congress went out of existence after the last-minute passage of a $20-billion defense appropriation and a $3.1-billion civil defense program. It also gave President Harry Truman emergency powers to modify existing defense contracts to speed output in the face of rising prices. The U.S. Interior Department's Defense Materials Administration banned the hoarding of more than 50 scarce minerals, including ores and concentrates of iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and copper.

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Ernest McFarland (Democrat--Arizona),a "moderate" backed by Southerners, was elected Senate majority floor leader over Sen. Joseph O'Mahoneu (Democrat--Wyoming). Sen. Lyndon Johnson (Democrat--Texas) was chosen majority whip, and Representative John McCormack (Democrat--Massachusetts) was chosen as House of Representatives majority floor leader.

Energy
Canadian Trade Minister C.D. Howe announced the construction of a $30-million atomic reactor facility at Chalk River, Ontario.

Oil
The Arabian-American Oil Company announced a new agreement with Saudi Arabia increasing the country's oil revenues by one-third, to 50% of the company's net earnings.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Interior Department's Defense Materials Administration cobalt curb was expected to mean sharp curtailment in the production of radio and television sets and to bar the introduction of colour television for the duration of the Korean War.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Greenfields--The Brothers Four (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Itsy Bitsy Petit Bikini--Dalida (9th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley (6th week at #1)
2 Wonderland by Night--Bert Kaempfert and his Orchestra
3 Last Date--Floyd Cramer
4 Exodus--Ferrante and Teicher
5 A Thousand Stars--Kathy Young with the Innocents
6 North to Alaska--Johnny Horton
7 Many Tears Ago--Connie Francis
8 You're Sixteen--Johnny Burnette
9 Angel Baby--Rosie and the Originals
10 Corinna, Corinna--Ray Peterson

Singles entering the chart were C'est Si Bon (It's So Good) by Conway Twitty (#72); Milk Cow Blues by Ricky Nelson (#81); Emotions by Brenda Lee (#83); What Would I Do (#84)/This is My Story (#100) by Mickey & Sylvia; Yes, I'm Lonesome Tonight by Thelma Carpenter (#85); Spanish Harlem (#86)/First Taste of Love (#90) by Ben E. King; There's a Moon Out Tonight by the Capris (#88); If I Knew by Nat King Cole (#91); All in My Mind by Maxine Brown (#92); Don't Believe Him, Donna by Lenny Miles (#94); Don't Read the Letter by Patti Page (#95); I Don't Want Nobody (To Have My Love But You) by Ella Johnson with Buddy Johnson (#96); Oh Lonesome Me by Johnny Cash with the Gene Lowery Singers (#97); Yes, I'm Lonesome Tonight by Dodie Stevens (#98); and Sugar Bee by Cleveland Crochet and Band (#99). Yes, I'm Lonesome Tonight was an "answer" to Are You Lonesome To-night?. Some copies of Oh Lonesome Me credited the artist as Johnny Cash and the Tennessee Two.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Music Vendor)
1 Wonderland by Night--Bert Kaempfert and his Orchestra (2nd week at #1)
--Louis Prima
2 Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley
3 Exodus--Ferrante and Teicher
--Mantovani & his Orchestra
4 Last Date--Floyd Cramer
--Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra
5 North to Alaska--Johnny Horton
6 A Thousand Stars--Kathy Young with the Innocents
7 You're Sixteen--Johnny Burnette
8 Corinna, Corinna--Ray Peterson
9 Will You Love Me Tomorrow--The Shirelles
10 Rubber Ball--Bobby Vee

Football
NCAA
Orange Bowl @ Miami
Missouri 21 Navy 14

Sugar Bowl @ New Orleans
Mississippi 14 Rice 6

Cotton Bowl @ Dallas
Duke 7 Arkansas 6

Rose Bowl @ Pasadena
Washington 17 Minnesota 7

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Cracklin' Rosie--Neil Diamond (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Anna--Lucio Battisti (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds (6th week at #1)

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family
2 A Song of Joy--Miguel Rios
3 Look What They've Done to My Song Ma--The New Seekers
4 It's Only Make Believe--Glen Campbell
5 Lookin' Out My Back Door/Long as I Can See the Light--Creedence Clearwater Revival
6 Cracklin' Rosie--Neil Diamond
7 Montego Bay--Bobby Bloom
8 Lola--The Kinks
9 Joanne--Michael Nesmith & the First National Band
10 We've Only Just Begun--Carpenters

Singles entering the chart were Eleanor Rigby by Zoot (#34); Wild World, with versions by Jimmy Cliff; and Fourth House (#36); Sympathy by Mike Brady (#45); Looking Through the Eyes of a Beautiful Girl/Song of Ramondo by Autumn (#46); Que Sera Sera by Mary Hopkin (#52); Paranoid by Black Sabbath (#55); Holy Man by Diane Colby (#56); and She Works in a Woman's Way, with versions by Edison Lighthouse; and Dave Allenby (#59).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison
2 She Likes Weeds--Tee-Set
3 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
4 Voodoo Chile--The Jimi Hendrix Experience
5 See Me, Feel Me--The Who
6 Where Have I Been Wrong--The Cats
7 Tears in the Morning--The Beach Boys
8 Yesterday, When I was Young--Charles Aznavour
9 Love is All Around--Sandra & Andres
10 Over and Over--George Baker Selection

Singles entering the chart were Peace Planet (Badinerie from suite no. 2 - J.S.Bach) by Ekseption (#22); Love the One You're With by Stephen Stills (#23); Both Sides Now by Euson (#24); Domino by Van Morrison (#26); Wang Wang Doodle by Livin' Blues (#31); Knock Three Times by Dawn (#32); Indian Reservation by Don Fardon (#34); and Voor Een Pop Ben Ik Te Groot by Wilma (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 My Sweet Lord/Isn't it a Pity--George Harrison (2nd week at #1)
2 One Less Bell to Answer--The 5th Dimension
3 Knock Three Times--Dawn
4 The Tears of a Clown--Smokey Robinson & the Miracles
5 Black Magic Woman--Santana
6 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family
7 Does Anybody Really Know What Time it Is?--Chicago
8 Stoned Love--The Supremes
9 Domino--Van Morrison
10 Gypsy Woman--Brian Hyland

Singles entering the chart were Get Up, Get Into It, Get Involved Pt. 1 by James Brown (#53); He Called Me Baby by Candi Staton (#75); One Bad Apple by the Osmonds (#78); Let Your Love Go by Bread (#79); Apeman by the Kinks (#88); Timothy by the Buoys (#93); D.O.A. by Bloodrock (#94); Cheryl Moana Marie by John Rowles (#96); There it Goes Again by Barbara and the Uniques (#97); You Just Can't Win (By Making the Same Mistake) by Gene & Jerry (#98); and Now I'm a Woman by Nancy Wilson (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (3rd week at #1)
2 Knock Three Times--Dawn
3 One Less Bell to Answer--The 5th Dimension
4 Black Magic Woman--Santana
5 Does Anybody Really Know What Time it Is?--Chicago
6 Stoned Love--The Supremes
7 The Tears of a Clown--Smokey Robinson & the Miracles
8 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family
9 No Matter What--Badfinger
10 Immigrant Song--Led Zeppelin

Singles entering the chart were Solution for Pollution by Charles Wright and the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band (#78); Apeman by the Kinks (#82); You Just Can't Win (By Making the Same Mistake) by Gene & Jerry (#84); Everything is Going to Be Alright by Teegarden & Van Winkle (#93); It's Up to You Petula by Edison Lighthouse (#94); and Freedom by the Isley Brothers (#100).

#1 single in Canada (RPM)--Isn't it a Pity--George Harrison (3rd week at #1)

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison
2 Burning Bridges--The Mike Curb Congregation
3 Gypsy Woman--Brian Hyland
4 Share the Land--The Guess Who
5 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family
6 No Matter What--Badfinger
7 One Man Band--Three Dog Night
8 So Close--Jake Holmes
9 Knock Three Times--Dawn
10 Sacroiliac Boop--The Happy Feeling
Pick hit of the week: Lonely Days--Bee Gees

Music
The breakup of the Beatles became official.

Society
The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, a permanent prohibition of advertising for cigarettes on radio and television in the United States, went into effect. The act had been signed into law by President Richard Nixon on April 1, 1970.

Disasters
66 Scottish football fans were killed when crash barriers collapsed as fans were leaving Ibrox Park stadium in Glasgow at the end of a game between Celtic and Rangers.

All 17 aboard were killed when an Egyptian airliner crashed shortly before landing at Tripoli.

Fire in a resort hotel in Wakanoura, Japan killed 15 and injured 11.

Boxing
Spanish heavyweight champion Jose Manuel Urtain (32-2) won a bout against Everett Copeland of the United States (5-17-3) at the Sportspalast in Berlin when Mr. Copeland was disqualified in the 4th round by referee Rudolf Drust for refusing to put forth a good effort, taking the count after a light hit. The bout--especially Mr. Copeland's performance--received a scathing review in the April 1971 issue of The Ring. It was the ninth consecutive loss and the last professional fight for Mr. Copeland.

Hockey
NHL
St. Louis 3 @ Vancouver 1
Detroit 0 @ Toronto 13

The Blues defeated the Canucks at Pacific Coliseum in the national telecast of Hockey Night in Canada, while in the Ontario regional telecast from Maple Leaf Gardens, Paul Henderson scored 3 goals and Brian Spencer scored his first National Hockey League goal, while Jacques Plante and Bruce Gamble shared the shutout, as the Maple Leafs handed the Red Wings the worst defeat in their history.



40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): När vi två blir en--Gyllene Tider (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Woman in Love--Barbra Streisand (6th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Woman in Love--Barbra Streisand (7th week at #1)
2 Man on the Moon--Ballyhoo
3 Another One Bites the Dust--Queen
4 Don't Stand So Close to Me--The Police
5 The Wanderer--Donna Summer
6 Give Me the Night--George Benson
7 Upside Down--Diana Ross
8 Shine On--Spirits Rejoice
9 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
10 Can You Feel It--The Jacksons

The only single entering the chart was The Tide is High by Blondie (#19).

Died on this date
Bud Green, 83. Austro-Hungarian-born U.S. songwriter. Moses David Green was an infant when he emigrated to the United States with his family. His songs included Alabama Bound; That's My Weakness Now; Flat Foot Floogie; and Sentimental Journey. Mr. Green also wrote songs for movies such as Syncopation (1929) and Big Boy (1930). He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1975.

War
Fernan Cienfuegos, a member of the five-man military command of the Unified Revolutionary Directorate in El Salvador, predicted that leftist insurgents would soon open an offensive to overthrow the government. He claimed that the insurgents comprised a guerrilla force of 5,000 soldiers armed with automatic rifles, mortars, and grenade launchers.

Crime
Police in Sheffield, England arrested Peter Sutcliffe, who confessed to being the "Yorkshire Ripper," the serial killer of 13 women.

30 years ago
1991

War
Soviet interior ministry troops seized several buildings, including the central printing plant in the Latvian capital of Riga, and the Communist Party headquarters in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius. It was unclear whether Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev had ordered the takeovers, which prompted 10,000 people to protest outside Communist Party headquarters in Latvia.

Politics and government
Sharon Pratt Dixon was sworn in as Mayor of Washington, D.C., becoming the first Negro woman to head a city of that size and prominence.

Economics and finance
Most major U.S. banks lowered their prime lending rate, the interest charged on loans to preferred customers, from 10% to 9.5%.

Hockey
NHL
Montreal 3 @ Edmonton 0

Andre "Red Light" Racicot recorded his first National Hockey League shutout in goal for the Canadiens as they blanked the Oilers at Edmonton Coliseum.



25 years ago
1996

War
The first convoy of American combat troops arrived in northern Bosnia to try to keep the peace between Bosnian Serbs and Muslims.

Politics and government
Hundreds of Ontario municipalities received letters announcing a $657-million cut in funding from the provincial government over the next two years. The Manitoba government announced major health care cuts, while the government of Saskatchewan suggested a slower approach to the same end.

Economics and finance
Mexico announced the imposition of anti-dumping duties on Canadian steel imports.

Disasters
Snow and cold weather in western Mexico killed up to 35% of the monarch butterfly population wintering there after migrating from Canada and the northern United States.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
William Rogers, 87. U.S. politician. Mr. Rogers was U.S. Attorney General under President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1957-1961) and Secretary of State under President Richard Nixon (1969-1973).

Diplomacy
Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat met with U.S. President Bill Clinton in the White House and gave qualified acceptance to Mr. Clinton’s Middle East peace plan, which provided for Palestinian control over the Gaza Strip, Arab neighbourhoods in East Jerusalem, and 95% of the West Bank, with partial control of Jerusalem’s Temple Mount. The proposals had already been accepted by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak.

Politics and governnent
U.S. President-elect George W. Bush named his final nominees for cabinet positions: Linda Chavez--Secretary of Labor; Spencer Abraham--Secretary of Energy; Norman Mineta--Secretary of Transportation.

Disasters
Residents of Banff were shaken by three separate cougar attacks, one fatal. The daylight attacks were unusual for the normally shy, nocturnal cats. Wardens moved herds of elk--the cougars' prey--further from the townsite.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Bali Ram Bhagat, 88. Indian politician. Mr. Bhagat joined the Indian National Congress Party in 1939, and supported the Quit India independence movement. He represented Arrah in the Lok Sabha (1952-1977, 1984-1989), holding several cabinet posts--including Minister of External Affairs (1985-1986)--and serving as Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1976-1977). Mr. Bhagat was Governor of Himachal Pradesh (1993) and Governor of Rajasthan (1993-1998).

Anne Francis, 80. U.S. actress. Miss Francis began acting on Broadway at the age of 11, and appeared in movies and television programs from the late 1940s through the 1990s. Her best-known movie role was in Forbidden Planet (1956), and she starred in the television private eye series Honey West (1965-1966), receiving an Emmy Award nomination for the latter. Miss Francis died of pancreatic cancer after battling lung cancer for several years.

Pete Postlethwaite, 64. U.K. actor. Mr. Postlethwaite was a character actor who appeared in plays, films, and television programs in a career spanning more than 35 years. He achieved international fame and an Academy Award nomination for his supporting performance in In the Name of the Father (1993), and also appeared in The Usual Suspects (1995) and The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). Mr. Postlethwaite died of pancreatic cancer.