December 22, 2021

1,620 years ago
401

Religion
Innocent I was elected Roman Catholic Pope, three days after the death of his father Pope Anastasius I. Innocent I remains the only man to succeed his father as Bishop of Rome.

380 years ago
1641

Died on this date
Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, 81. Chief Minister of France, 1589-1611. The Duke of Sully served in the Protestant army as a teenager during the religious wars in the 1570s. As Chief Minister, Superintendent of Finances, and adviser to King Henri IV, he built a strong centralized administrative system in France using coercion and highly effective new administrative techniques, but was unpopular, and his power was weakened after the assassination of King Henri in 1610. The Duke of Sully resigned in 1611, and died nine days after his 81st birthday.

325 years ago
1696

Born on this date
James Oglethorpe. U.K. military officer and politician. Mr. Oglethorpe was a general who fought with Holy Roman Empire forces in the Austro-Turkish War (1716-1718) before returning to England. A Tory, he represented Haslemere in the House of Commons (1722-1754). As chairman of the Gaols Committee in 1729, he recommended creating a buffer colony in British North America between the Carolinas and Florida, to be settled by those released from debtors' prisons. Mr. Oglethorpe thus founded Georgia, serving as its first Governor (1732-1743). He returned to England after an unsuccessful siege of St. Augustine, Florida, was unsuccessful in leading British troops in the Jacobite rising of 1745, and served undercover in the Prussian Army during the Seven Years' War. Mr. Oglethorpe died on June 30, 1785 at the age of 88.

170 years ago
1851

Transportation
India's first freight train was operated in Roorkee to transport material for the construction of the Ganges Canal.

130 years ago
1891

Died on this date
Paul de Lagarde, 64. German orientalist. Professor Lagarde, born Paul Bötticher, taught oriental languages at the University of Göttingen. He was the most renowned scholar of the Septuagint in the 19th century, but he rejected the Bible as the Word of God, and opposed Christianity and Jews, advocating a German folkish religion, racial Darwinism, and German imperialism within Europe. Prof. Lagarde's ideas influenced Nazi ideology, especially that of theorist Alfred Rosenberg.

Space
Asteroid 323 Brucia became the first asteroid to be discovered using photography.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Andre Kostelanetz. Russian-born orchestra conductor. Mr. Kostelanetz moved to the United States in 1922, and began conducting orchestras on radio. He had his own program, Andre Kostelanetz Presents, in the 1930s, but was best known for the many albums of "easy listening" music that he conducted from the 1940s until his death on January 13, 1980, 22 days after his 78th birthday, which resulted from pneumonia contracted while on vacation in Haiti, 13 days after conducting a New Year's Eve concert in San Francisco.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Hawkshaw Hawkins. U.S. musician. Harold Franklin Hawkins was a country singer, songwriter, and guitarist who was popular in the late '40s and early '50s, recording such hits as Pan American (1948); Dog House Boogie (1948); Slow Poke (1951); and Lonesome 7-7203 (1963), which reached #1 on the Billboard country chart several weeks after his death on March 5, 1963 at the age of 41 in a plane crash that also took the lives of fellow artists Patsy Cline and Cowboy Copas.

Dimitri Fampas. Greek musician and composer. Mr. Fampas was a classical guitarist who had a national and international performing and recording career spanning more than 35 years. He taught at the National Conservatory of Athens, with his students winning several dozen international awards. Mr. Fampas created two guitar orchestras, and composed more than 200 guitar works. He died on May 3, 1996 at the age of 74.

Academia
Visva-Bharati College, now Visva Bharati University, opened in Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India.

90 years ago
1931

Television
The first experimental broadcast from a transmitter atop the Empire State Building in New York City took place. The transmitter was put up by NBC on October 30, 1931.

80 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Karel Hašler, 62. Czech entertainer. Mr. Hašler was an actor, director, singer, and songwriter who acted in plays and operated various cabarets in a career that began in the late 1890s. He appeared in silent and sound films from 1914-1941. Mr. Hašler's patriotic songs led to his arrest by the Gestapo in September 1941; he was taken to Malthausen concentration camp in Germany, where he was tortured to death.

War
Japanese troops captured Wake Island--2,000 miles west of Honolulu--after two weeks of attacks; the island had been garrisoned by fewer than 400 U.S. Marines. 80,000-100,000 Japanese troops attempted to land around Lingayen on the Philippine island of Luzon at dawn under strong naval air escort. Marshal Klementy Voroshilov was named commander of Soviet troops in the Far East. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the amended Selective Service bill under which men aged 20-44 would be subject to military service. The U.S. War Department reported that 273 fifth columnists had been arrested among the 35,000 Japanese aliens in Hawaii.

Diplomacy
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived in Washington with an 86-man delegation to discuss with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt all questions relevant to the concerted war effort.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7-0 that an employer had the right to express his views on labour unions so long as he did not attempt to coerce his employees.

U.S. troops were withdrawn from strike duty in San Francisco. About 495 of 3,000 welders on the day shift continued picketing.

75 years ago
1946

Movies
Humphrey Bogart signed a record 15-year contract with Warner Brothers.

Defense
The U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics revealed the development of "Tiamat," an experimental winged rocket missile with a speed of 600 miles per hour.

Politics and government
The Polish government reported that the Peasant Party had been allowed to file candidates for the forthcoming elections in all 52 electoral districts.

British Viceroy of India Sir Archibald Wavell returned to New Delhi from conferences in London.

Economics and finance
U.K. and U.S.S.R. officials in Germany signed a three-month agreement by which the Soviet zone would furnish grain, forage, fuel, and wood pulp to the British zone in return for iron, steel, and tires.

Football
AAFC
Championship @ Cleveland Stadium
New York 9 @ Cleveland 14

Otto Graham's 16-yard touchdown pass to Dante Lavelli, converted by Lou Groza, with 4:13 remaining in regulation time, gave the Browns their victory over the Yankees before 40,469 fans on a snowy day to end the first season of the All-America Football Conference. Marion Motley rushed 1 yard for the other Cleveland touchdown in the 2nd quarter. Harvey Johnson's 11-yard field goal gave New York a 3-0 lead in the 1st quarter. Spec Sanders rushed 2 yards for a touchdown in the 3rd quarter to give the Yankees a 9-7 lead, but Mr. Johnson missed the convert--his only such miss of the season.

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Sweet Violets--Dinah Shore; Jane Turzy

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): It's No Sin--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra (Best Seller--2nd week at #1; Disc Jockey--6th week at #1); Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett (Jukebox--3rd week at #1);

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (It's No) Sin--The Four Aces (7th week at #1)
--Eddy Howard
2 Down Yonder--Del Wood
--Joe "Fingers" Carr
--Champ Butler
3 Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett
4 Undecided--The Ames Brothers and Les Brown and his Band of Renown
5 Because of You--Tony Bennett
--Les Baxter and his Orchestra
6 Jealousy (Jalousie)--Frankie Laine
7 Slow Poke--Pee Wee King and his Golden West Cowboys
8 Charmaine--Mantovani and his Orchestra
9 Shrimp Boats--Jo Stafford
10 Cry--Johnnie Ray and the Four Lads

Singles entering the chart were Any Time by Eddie Fisher (#20) and If Wishes were Kisses by Perry Como (#32).

Died on this date
Henry G. Bennett, 65. U.S. academic. Dr. Bennett was president of Southeastern Oklahoma State University (1919-1928) and Oklahoma A&M College (1928-1951). While still holding the latter office, he was appointed by U.S. President Harry Truman in November 1950 as the first director of the Point Four Program, a technical assistance program for backward nations. While on a visit to Iran to discuss U.S. technical aid with Iranian officials, Dr. Bennett was killed, eight days after his 65th birthday, along with his wife and 20 members of his staff, in a plane crash near Tehran.

War
U.S. negotiators at Panmunjom told the Communists that 37,000 South Koreans found among Communist prisoners of war would not be returned to North Korea in a prisoner exchange.

Politics and government
The Greek Parliament approved a constitutional amendment permitting suspension of the rights of assembly and association by the King with parliamentary approval.

Oil
Following British rejection of the 10-day limit for ordering Iranian oil, Iran concluded an oil supply agreement with Czechoslovakia.

Labour
U.S. President Truman referred the steel industry dispute to the Wage Stabilization Board, urging the United Steel Workers of America not to disrupt production.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Tower of Strength--Frankie Vaughan (4th week at #1)

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Five Characters in Search of an Exit, starring William Windom, Murray Matheson, Susan Harrison, Kelton Garwood, and Clark Allen

Died on this date
Dick Elliott, 75. U.S. actor. Mr. Elliott was a character actor who appeared in more than 240 films, often as blustery characters, in a career spanning almost 30 years. He played Mayor Pike in 11 episodes of the first season of The Andy Griffith Show (1960-1961). Mr. Elliott died of cardiovacular disease on December 22, 1961.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Ernie (The Fastest Milkman in the West)--Benny Hill (4th week at #1)

At the movies
Eagle in a Cage, directed by Fielder Cook, and starring Kenneth Haigh, John Gielgud, Ralph Richardson, and Billie Whitelaw, opened in theatres in Los Angeles.



Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Elena!

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Black or White--Michael Jackson (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Black or White--Michael Jackson (4th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Let's Talk About Sex!--Salt-N-Pepa (6th week at #1)
2 Black or White--Michael Jackson
3 Do the Limbo Dance--David Hasselhoff
4 Any Dream Will Do--Jason Donovan
5 Always Look on the Bright Side of Life--Monty Python
6 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
7 Jambo--Erste Allgemeine Verunsicherung
8 Love to Hate You--Erasure
9 Something Got Me Started--Simply Red
10 I'm Too Sexy--Right Said Fred

Singles entering the chart were Bitterblue by Bonnie Tyler (#22); Way of the World by Tina Turner (#27); and You by Ten Sharp (#29).

World events
Armed opposition groups launched a military coup against Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Thug Devotion--Mo Thugs

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)--Backstreet Boys (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Verpiss' dich--Tic Tac Toe (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): 2 Become 1--Spice Girls

Disasters
Airborne Express Flight 827, a functional evaluation flight of an Airborne Express Douglas DC-8-63F that had undergone a major modification, en route from Greensboro, North Carolina, over New River Valley Airport in Pulaski County, Virginia, then to Beckley, West Virginia, followed by other way points in Kentucky and Virginia, and then back to Greensboro, stalled and crashed near Narrows, Virginia, killing all 6 people--3 crew and 3 passengers--aboard.

Hockey
NHL
Los Angeles (12-19-4) 4 @ St. Louis (16-19-1) 7

Brett Hull became the 24th player in National Hockey League history to score 500 career goals when he notched a hat trick for the Blues in their victory over the Kings at Kiel Center. He joined his father Bobby as the only father-son combination to score 500 goals apiece.



20 years ago
2001

Politics and government
Burhanuddin Rabbani, political leader of the Northern Alliance, handed over power in Islamic State of Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai.

Terrorism
American Airlines Flight 63, a Boeing 767-300ER en route from Paris to Miami with 197 passengers and crew aboard, made an emergency landing in Boston after passengers subdued passenger Richard Reid, who was attempting to ignite the soles of his shoes, which were filled with explosives.

10 years ago
2011

Economics and finance
The Supreme Court of Canada unanimously ruled against the federal government's attempt to establish a national securities regulator, holding that the federal government couldn't usurp the jurisdiction of provinces in the day-to-day aspect of professional licensing and policing.

December 9, 2021

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Natalia, Mary-Ann Murphy, and Maria Mercedes Forero Hernandez!

300 years ago
1721

Born on this date
Peter Pelham. U.K.-born American musician. Mr. Pelham, a native of London, moved to Boston with his family at the age of 9. He was organist at Trinity Church in Boston from 1744 until about 1750, when he moved to Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Pelham was organist for Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg from 1755 until blindness forced his retirement in 1802. He was also a harpsichord teacher, supervisor for the printing of currency (1758-1775), and superintendent of the Public Gaol (1770-1780). Mr. Pelham's compositions have disappeared except for a short harpsichord minuet. He died on April 28, 1805 at the age of 83.

160 years ago
1861

Born on this date
Hélène Smith. Swiss medium. Miss Smith, born Catherine-Elise Müller, became a spiritualist in the early 1890s; Surrealists referred to her as the "Muse of automatic writing." Miss Smith claimed to communicate with Martians, and to be a reincarnation of a Hindu princess and Marie Antoinette; psychologist Théodore Flournoy publicized her claims in his book Des Indes à la Planete Mars (From India to the Planet Mars) (1900). Dr. Flournoy regarded Miss Smith's automatic writing as the result of "cryptomnesia" (unrecognized forgotten memories), and her "cycles" as the products of infantile imaginings, with the Martian language merely a constructed language. Miss Smith died on June 10, 1929 at the age of 67. In 1952, psychologist Donovan Rawcliffe examined her case in depth, and noted that she had suffered from a fantasy prone personality and hysterical hallucinations.

War
The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the [Civil] War was established by the U.S. Congress.

150 years ago
1871

Born on this date
Joe Kelley. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Kelley was a left fielder with five major league teams from 1891-1908, but was best known for his years with the Baltimore Orioles of the National League (1892-1898), whom he served as captain. He played on 6 teams that won the NL pennant, and finished his career with a .317 batting average with 65 home runs and 1,194 runs batted in in 1,853 games. Mr. Kelley managed the Cincinnati Reds from 1902-1905, compiling a record of 338-321. He died on August 14, 1943 at the age of 71, and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans' Committee in 1971.

130 years ago
1891

Politics and government
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison delivered his third annual State of the Union message to Congress. Subjects included foreign relations and relations with American Indians.

125 years ago
1896

Politics and government
Abner Reid McClelan took office as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, succeeding John James Fraser.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Jean Mermoz. French aviator. Mr. Mermoz flew with the Franch Air Force in Syria (1922-1924) before becoming an air mail pilot. He flew from Senegal to Brazil in 1930, and was the chief pilot for Aeroposta Argentina, Argentina's first air mail service. On December 7, 1936, two days before his 35th birthday, Mr. Mermoz disappeared four hours after taking off from Dakar, Senegal to Natal, Brazil after engine repairs; it was assumed that the engine they had tried to repair lost its propeller midflight, and being one of the aft engines, the loose propeller either badly damaged or cut the hull entirely, causing the plane to lose its tail and crash instantly. An investigative committee of the Uruguayan Parliament concluded in 1941 that the deaths of Mr. Mermoz and his four-man crew were the result of sabotage by Nazi fifth columnists operating in Uruguay, although Mr. Mermoz had been complaining for months about the poor quality of the planes he was forced to fly.

Ödön von Horváth. Austro-Hungarian-born playwright and author. Mr. Horváth wrote almost 20 plays and four novels; he often wrote about politics and history, and warned of the dangers of fascism Mr. Horváth lived in Germany in the 1920s, but moved to Vienna after the Nazis came to power in 1933, and moved to Paris after the German Anschluss of Austria in 1938. He died on June 1, 1938 at the age of 36 when he was hit by a falling tree branch during a thunderstorm on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Broderick Crawford. U.S. actor. The beefy, fast-talking Mr. Crawford was usually a supporting actor in movies, but won the Academy Award for Best Actor for All the King's Men (1949). He moved to television in the 1950s, starring in the series Highway Patrol (1955-1959), King of Diamonds (1961-1962), and The Interns (1970-1971). He died on April 26, 1986 at the age of 74, after a series of strokes.

Disasters
The Cross Mountain Mine disaster, a coal mine explosion near Briceville, Tennessee, killed 84 miners despite rescue efforts led by the United States Bureau of Mines.

100 years ago
1921

Radio
Ted Rogers Sr., who would later invent the first alternating-current vacuum radio tube and give birth to Toronto’s CFRB Radio, became the first amateur radio operator in Canada to successfully transmit a signal across the Atlantic. He was taking part in a competition sponsored by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL).

90 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight's episode: A Study in Scarlet, Part 4

Politics and government
The Constituent Cortes approved a constitution which established the Second Spanish Republic.

80 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Hart O. Berg, 76. U.S. engineer. Mr. Berg worked with Colt’s Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in the 1890s, helping to develop the revolver and the machine gun. He represented American automobile interests in Europe from the late 1890s until the late 1900s, but was best known for representing the Wright Brothers in Europe from the late 1900s until parting ways with them around 1912. Mr. Berg was credited with selling the airplane to Europe. He travelled back and forth between the United States and Europe for many years thereafter, representing various business interests. Mr. Berg died after a long illness.

War
China, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa declared war on Japan, while China also declared war on Germany and Italy. The Cuban Senate and House of Representatives voted for a declaration of war against Japan, while Guatemala, and the Philippine Commonwealth declared war on Germany and, Japan. In the Battle of Hong Kong, Japanese ground forces attacked across the frontier of the New Territories and captured the key position of Shing Mun Redoubt; D Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers was dispatched to the mainland to strengthen this sector. Japanese troops supported by warships and planes landed on the northern and western coast of Luzon, main island of the Philippines. The American 19th Bombardment Group attacked Japanese ships off the coast of Vigan, Luzon. Japan landed reinforcements in the Kota Bharu area of northeastern Malaya and in the Singora-Patani area of Thailand. Russian forces recaptured Tikhvin, near Leningrad. As fear of Japanese invasion spread on the west coast of Canada, the federal government ordered blackouts, and closed Japanese-Canadian newspapers and schools in British Columbia. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt invoked "enemy alien" regulations and ordered federal agents to round up dangerous German, Italian, and Japanese nationals. New York, Boston, and other East Coast American cities held their first air raid alarms.

Defense
Argentina and Chile announced that they would grant non-belligerent status to the United States as an act of solidarity.

World events
The Vichy French regime disclosed that 1,850 Communists had been arrested in unoccupied France during the past three days, bringing the total arrested in the past six weeks to 12,850.

Politics and government
John Hart was sworn in as Premier of British Columbia, replacing Duff Patullo, who had been in power since November 15, 1933. Mr. Hart headed the province's first coalition government, composed of Liberals and Conservatives, in an effort to prevent the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation from coming to power.

Robert F. Rockwell (Republican) defeated Frank Delaney (Democrat) in a special U.S. congressional election in Denver to fill the seat of the late Rep. Edward Taylor (Democrat).

Baseball
Cleveland Indians' ace pitcher Bob Feller, 25, became the first major league player to volunteer for active military service since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor two days earlier. Mr. Feller had posted a 25-13 record with an earned run average of 3.15 in 1941, leading the American League in wins; games (44); starts (40); innings pitched (343); hits allowed (284); bases on balls (194); strikeouts (260); and shutouts (6).

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Rumors are Flying--Frankie Carle and his Orchestra (7th week at #1)
--The Andrews Sisters with Les Paul
--Betty Rhodes
--Tony Martin
2 Ole Buttermilk Sky--Kay Kyser and his Orchestra
--Helen Carroll and the Satisfiers
--Paul Weston and his Orchestra with Matt Dennis
--Hoagy Carmichael
3 Five Minutes More--Frank Sinatra
--Tex Beneke and the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--The Three Suns
4 (I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons--King Cole Trio
--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
5 The Old Lamp-Lighter--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Kay Kyser and his Orchestra
--Hal Derwin
6 This is Always--Harry James and his Orchestra
--Jo Stafford
7 To Each His Own--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra with Eddy Howard and Trio
--The Ink Spots
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra with Stuart Wade
--Tony Martin
--The Modernaires with Paula Kelly
8 South America, Take it Away--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters
--Xavier Cugat and the Waldorf-Astoria Orchestra
9 The Things We Did Last Summer--Frank Sinatra
--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
10 The Coffee Song (They’ve Got an Awful Lot of Coffee in Brazil)--Frank Sinatra

Singles entering the chart were Huggin' and Chalkin', with versions by Hoagy Carmichael, Johnny Mercer, and Kay Kyser and his Orchestra (#19); The Christmas Song (Merry Christmas to You) by the King Cole Trio (#20); and Ain't That Just Like a Woman (They’ll Do it Every Time) by Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five (#36).

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis and Howard McNear, on MBS
Tonight`s episode: The Jade Tree

War
The "Subsequent Nuremberg trials" began with the "Doctors' trial," prosecuting physicians and officers alleged to be involved in Nazi human experimentation and mass murder under the guise of euthanasia.

Diplomacy
The United Kingdom sent Albania a note protesting the laying of mines in the Corfu channel as a "deliberately hostile act."

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in New York elected U.S. State Department Alger Hiss as its president.

The World Zionist Congress convened in Basel, Switzerland and heard its president, Chaim Weizmann, reiterate his demand for a Jewish state in Palestine.

Politics and government
King Farouk of Egypt named Mahmoud Fahmy Pasha of the Saasist Party as Prime Minister after Ismail Sidky Pasha resigned because of ill health.

Despite the Muslim League boycott, the Constituent Assembly of India met in New Delhi for the first time to write the Constitution of India.

Law
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the 1928 murder conviction of Leroy Carter of Illinois, despite evidence that Mr. Carter had had no lawyer at his trial.

Football
AAFC
New York (10-3-1) 31 @ Miami (2-11) 0

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Out There, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Mewhu's Jet, starring Dennis Alexander, Janie Alexander, John Boruff, and Eileen Heckart

Crime
U.S. singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his wife, actress Ava Gardner, were robbed of $16,800 in jewellery in London.

Canadian-born U.S. bandleader Guy Lombardo killed a pedestrian with his car in New York, but police filed no charges, saying that Mr. Lombardo had the light in his favour.

Economics and finance
The U.S. government invoked the Trading with the Enemy Act to prevent Chinese-Americans from sending money to Communist China.

Labour
The U.S. Congress of Industrial Organizations announced a contribution of $100,000 intended to encourage the growth of strong unions in backward nations.

The U.S. Civil Service Commission reported that the salaries of the government's 1,004,624 full-time employees averaged $3,954 per year.

Football
NFL
Chicago Bears (7-4) 45 @ New York Yanks (1-8-2) 21
Cleveland (10-1) 28 @ Pittsburgh (3-7-1) 0
Detroit (7-3-1) 24 @ Los Angeles (7-4) 22
Green Bay (3-8) 19 @ San Francisco (6-4-1) 31
New York Giants (8-2-1) 23 @ Philadelphia (4-7) 7
Washington (5-6) 20 @ Chicago Cardinals (2-9) 17



60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): My Boomerang Won't Come Back--Charlie Drake

#1 single in Italy: Nata per me--Adriano Celentano (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Weiße Rosen aus Athen--Nana Mouskouri (8th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Och was ik maar bij moeder thuis gebleven--Johnny Hoes (12th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Tower of Strength--Frankie Vaughan

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Lion Sleeps Tonight--The Tokens
2 Goodbye Cruel World--James Darren
3 Big Bad John--Jimmy Dean
4 Please Mr. Postman--The Marvelettes
5 Moon River--Jerry Butler
--Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus
6 Walk on By--Leroy Van Dyke
7 Run to Him--Bobby Vee
8 Tonight--Ferrante and Teicher
--Eddie Fisher
--Jay and the Americans
9 Runaround Sue--Dion
10 The Twist--Chubby Checker

Singles entering the chart were Can't Help Falling in Love (#50)/Rock-a-Hula Baby (#54) by Elvis Presley; Jambalaya (On the Bayou) by Fats Domino (#86); Small Sad Sam by Phil McLean (#90); Turn on Your Love Light by Bobby Bland (#91); Tuff by Ace Cannon (#92); and You're Running Out of Kisses by Chuck Foote (#94).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Walkin' with My Angel--Bobby Vee (3rd week at #1)
2 Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen--Neil Sedaka
3 The Lion Sleeps Tonight--The Tokens
4 The Wanderer--Dion
5 Static--Dana and Dexter
6 Run to Him--Bobby Vee
7 Hey! Little Girl--Del Shannon
8 The Twist--Chubby Checker
9 Can't Help Falling in Love--Elvis Presley
10 Please Mr. Postman--The Marvelettes

Singles entering the chart were Jingle Bell Rock by Bobby Rydell/Chubby Checker (#20); Fujikami the Warrior (#27)/Mo-Shun (#50) by the Hi-Fives; Just a Little Bit Sweet by Charlie Rich (#35); Tennessee Flat-Top Box by Johnny Cash (#39); What a Walk by Bobby Lewis (#42); If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody by James Ray (#45); Let Me Down Easy by Tompall and the Glaser Brothers (#47); and A Little Bitty Tear by Burl Ives (#48).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 The Lion Sleeps Tonight--The Tokens (2nd week at #1)
2 Walkin' with My Angel/Run to Him--Bobby Vee
3 The Twist--Chubby Checker
4 Hey! Little Girl--Del Shannon
5 Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen--Neil Sedaka
6 Gypsy Rover--The Highwaymen
7 The Wanderer/The Majestic--Dion
8 Blue Hawaii (LP)--Elvis Presley
9 Dreamy Eyes--Johnny Tillotson
10 Please Mr. Postman--The Marvelettes

Singles entering the chart were Weekend by Eddie Cochran (#29); When the Boy in Your Arms (Is the Boy in Your Heart)/Baby's First Christmas by Connie Francis (#30); Jingle Bell Rock by Bobby Rydell/Chubby Checker (#34); and A Little Bitty Tear by Burl Ives (#40).

On television tonight
The Roaring 20's, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Asparagus Tips

Africana
Tanganyika Territory gained its independence from Britain; it became part of Tanzania three years later.

Boxing
Gene Fullmer (55-4-2) retained his National Boxing Association world middleweight title by knocking out world welterweight champion Benny "Kid" Paret (35-11-3) at 2:30 of the 10th round at the Las Vegas Convention Center. Mr. Paret was knocked down 3 times in the 10th round of the bout, which was scheduled for a maximum of 15 rounds.



Football
NFL
Baltimore (7-6) 17 @ Los Angeles (4-9) 34

AFL
Boston (8-4-1) 35 @ Oakland (2-11) 21

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Le rire du sergent--Michel Sardou (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): I Don't Know How to Love Him--Tina and the Real McCoy

Died on this date
Ralph Bunche, 68. U.S. political scientist and diplomat. Dr. Bunche was the first Negro to earn a Ph.D. in political science from an American University, taught at Howard University (1928-1950), and was president of the American Political Science Association (1953-1954). He worked with the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (1941-1943) and then with the State Department and Institute of Pacific Relations, helping to prepare the founding of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Dr. Bunche worked to end colonialism, and supported the civil rights movement for Negroes in the United States. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950 "for his works in resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict in Palestine" while serving as chief mediator for the United Nations. Dr. Bunche was appointed Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1968, but resigned for reasons of ill health shortly before his death from complications of heart disease, kidney disease, and diabetes.

War
In Operation Cactus Lilly, the Indian Air Force executed an airdrop of Indian Army units, bypassing Pakistani defenses.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Young Turks--Rod Stewart (2nd week at #1)
2 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
3 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
4 Leather and Lace--Stevie Nicks with Don Henley
5 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
6 Trouble--Lindsey Buckingham
7 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
8 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
9 My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone)--Chilliwack
10 Harden My Heart--Quarterflash

Singles entering the chart were Talking Out of Turn by the Moody Blues (#17); I Can't Go for That (No Can Do) by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#18); and Yesterday's Songs by Neil Diamond (#19).

Died on this date
John Kieran, 89. U.S. journalist and broadcaster. Mr. Kieran was a sportswriter with The New York Times, serving as the paper's lead sports columnist from 1927-1943. He was best known as a panelist on the radio (1938-1948) and television (1952) quiz program Information, Please! Mr. Kieran hosted television's first widely-syndicated program, Kieran's Kaleidoscope (1949-1952), commenting on various topics. He was an amateur naturalist and birdwatcher, and wrote the book A Natural History of New York City (1959). Mr. Kieran was inducted into the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association Hall of Fame in 1971, and in 1973 was honoured by the Baseball Writers' Association of America with the J.G. Taylor Spink Award for distinguished baseball writing.

Sonny Til, 53. Mr. Til, born Earlington Carl Tilghman, was the lead singer of the Orioles, generally regarded as the first rhythm and blues vocal group, from their beginning in 1948 until his death from a heart attack. The group's hits included It's Too Soon to Know (1948); Tell Me So (1949); and Crying in the Chapel (1953). Mr. Til and the other original members of the Orioles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995 as an influence.

Daniel Faulkner, 25. U.S. police officer. Constable Faulkner was a soldier and corrections officer before joining the Philadelphia Police Department; he aspired to become a city prosecutor, and was working toward a degree in criminal justice administration when he got into an altercation with William Cook, whom he stopped in traffic. Mr. Cook's older brother, Mumia Abu-Jamal, whose taxi was parked across the street, ran toward the altercation, shooting Constable Faulkner in the back and then in the face. Constable Faulkner managed to shoot and wound Mr. Abu-Jamal in the stomach before he was killed. Mr. Abu-Jamal was convicted in 1982 and sentenced to death; years of appeals failed to change the verdict, but resulted in the sentence eventually being commuted to life in prison without possibility of parole. The case attracted much attention, with Negro rap thugs supporting the killer.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Piece of My Wish--Miki Imai

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Laatikoita--Sielun Veljet

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Let's Talk About Sex--Salt-N-Pepa (4th week at #1)

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Macarena Christmas--Los del Rio

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): I Can't Help Myself (I Love You, I Want You)--The Kelly Family (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Verpiss' dich--Tic Tac Toe

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Head Over Feet--Alanis Morissette (4th week at #1)
2 Black Cloud Rain--Corey Hart
3 Mouth--Merril Bainbridge
4 When You Love a Woman--Journey
5 How Bizarre--OMC
6 He Liked to Feel It--Crash Test Dummies
7 Dance Into the Light--Phil Collins
8 Leave it Alone--Moist
9 If it Makes You Happy--Sheryl Crow
10 Bittersweet Me--R.E.M.

Singles entering the chart were Through Your Hands by Don Henley (#81); Kissing Rain by Roch Voisine (#84); Love is the Power by Michael Bolton (#85); Watching the World Go By by Maxi Priest (#91); Crossing a Canyon by 54-40 (#92); Look Like Me by the Killjoys (#93); and Bad Time to Be Poor by Rheostatics (#95).

Died on this date
Alain Poher, 87. President of France, 1969, 1974. Mr. Poher was a centrist politician who was affiliated with several parties. He represented Val-de-Marne in the Senate from 1946-1995, and was President of the Senate from 1968-1992, serving briefly as interim President of France from April-June 1969 and April-May 1974.

Mary Leakey, 83. U.K. paleontologist. Mrs. Leakey and her husband Louis spent decades in Africa searchng for specimens of man's supposed ancestors. Mrs. Leakey discovered the first skull of Procunsul, and the skull of Zinjanthropus at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The Leakeys' son Richard has continued their work.

Patty Donahue, 40. U.S. singer. Miss Donahue was the lead singer with the Waitresses, a New Wave group that achieved success in the early 1980s. She was a heavy smoker, and died of lung cancer.

Crime
Horrett Campbell, 33, was found guilty of attempted murder for attacking three children and four women with a machete at a teddy bears' picnic at St. Luke's infants school in Blakenhall, Wolverhampton, England on July 8, 1996.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Michael Carver, Baron Carver, 86. Field Marshal Baron Carver joined the British Army in 1935 and served in World War II in Italy and North Africa. He rose through the ranks during the war and afterward; he was Deputy Chief of Staff at East Africa Command (1954), taking part in the closing stages of the response to the Mau-Mau rebellion, and then being promoted to Chief of Staff in East Africa (1955). Lord Carver had several more commands, and was promoted to Chief of the General Staff (1971) and Chief of Defence Staff (1973), serving until his retirement in 1976. He was appointed resident commissioner designate for Rhodesia in August 1977 with responsibility for ending the dispute over independence there, but resigned in October 1978 after 14 months of deadlock.

10 years ago
2011

Business
The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan sold its 80% cent stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, owners of the Toronto Maple Leafs, Toronto Raptors, Toronto FC, and the Air Canada Centre for $1.3 billion. Telecommunications rivals Rogers and Bell Canada paid $1.07 billion for a 75% share, while Larry Tanenbaum's Kilmer Sports raised its share to 25%.

December 8, 2021

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Luli Gamez!

500 years ago
1521

Died on this date
Christina of Saxony, 59. Queen consort of Denmark (1481-1513); Norway (1483-1513); and Sweden (1497-1501). Christina married the future King Hans in 1478, and became Queen consort when he acceded to the Danish throne upon the death of his father. Hans was subsequently elected King of Norway and conquered Sweden. Queen Christina accompanied her husband to Sweden, but he began an adulterous affair in 1501, and was removed as king, while Queen Christina was taken into custody, and wasn't permitted to return to Denmark until 1503, where she lived separately from King Hans until her death, 17 days before her 60th birthday.

330 years ago
1691

Died on this date
Richard Baxter, 76. English clergyman. Mr. Baxter was a Nonconformist and Puritan who wrote over 140 books. He was persecuted by the Church of England and served time in prison for operating a conventicle (a gathering of lay people not authorized by the state church).

220 years ago
1801

Politics and government
U.S. President Thomas Jefferson delivered his first annual State of the Union message to Congress. Subjects included war with the Barbary States.

pol 175 years ago
1846

Politics and government
U.S. President James K. Polk delivered his second annual State of the Union message to Congress. The main subjects were Texas and the war against Mexico.

130 years ago
1891

Economics and finance
Canada imposed a duty on fish imported from Newfoundland, to retaliate for a Newfoundland law restricting bait for Canadian fishermen.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Lee J. Cobb. U.S. actor. Mr. Cobb, born Leo Jacoby, was known for his starring role in the original Broadway production of Death of a Salesman (1949) and his supporting roles in movies such as On the Waterfront (1954); 12 Angry Men (1957); Our Man Flint (1966); and In Like Flint (1967). He died of a heart attack on February 11, 1976 at the age of 64.

90 years ago
1931

Politics and government
U.S. President Herbert Hoover delivered his third annual State of the Union message to Congress. Subjects included defense, foreign relations, and the Depression.

80 years ago
1941

War
The day after the Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the United States Congress followed President Franklin D. Roosevelt's advice, and voted to declare war on Japan. The only dissenting vote was cast by Rep. Jeannette Rankin (Republican--Montana), who had also voted against U.S. entry into World War I. The Royal Rifles of Canada and Winnipeg Grenadiers, under command of Brigadier J. K. Lawson, were caught by the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong. They had not received training as front-line troops, and as the first Canadian units to fight in World War II had almost no air or naval defences. At 8 A.M., Japanese aircraft destroyed all six Royal Air Force planes at Kai Tak airport; two men of the Royal Canadian Signals were wounded--the first Canadian casualties--in the camp at Sham Shui Po, as the Japanese 38th Division moved across the frontier of the New Territories. Governor General the Earl of Athlone announced that Canada was officially at war with Japan. Several dozen Japanese-Canadians suspected of subversion were arrested; the government of Canada began to impound all fishing boats owned by Japanese-Canadians and shut down Japanese language schools and newspapers. The governments of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Netherlands, Greece, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Panama, and the Free French Committee declared war on Japan. Japanese forces simultaneously invaded Shanghai International Settlement, Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the Netherlands East Indies. San Francisco underwent a 2½-hour blackout upon a report that two formations of enemy planes had flown to within 20 miles of the city. A German spokesman in Berlin said that winter weather had halted the German offensive against Moscow and that its capture was not expected before the end of 1941.



Crime
U.S. Federal Judge M.M. Joyce in Minneapolis sentenced 12 of the 18 Socialist Workers Party members convicted in the recent sedition trial to 16-month prison terms, and the other six to terms of a year and a day.

Horse racing
Whirlaway, the Triple Crown winner, was named horse of the year in a poll conducted by Turf & Sports Digest.

75 years ago
1946

Economics and finance
U.S. acting Secretary of State Dean Acheson said that the United States would not give free relief to nations which had not proved their need or which maintained large armies after the end of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.

Labour
The New Jersey Congress of Industrial Organizations approved a strong resolution opposing Communist "interference in the affairs of the CIO."

Golf
Sam Snead won the Miami Open.

Football
NFL
Chicago Bears (8-2-1) 45 @ Detroit (1-10) 24
Green Bay (6-5) 17 @ Los Angeles (6-4-1) 38
Washington (5-5-1) 0 @ New York (7-3-1) 31
Philadelphia (6-5) 40 @ Boston (2-8-1) 14

AAFC
Cleveland (12-2) 66 @ Brooklyn (3-9-1) 14
Los Angeles (7-5-1) 7 @ San Francisco (9-5) 48

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): My Truly, Truly Fair--Guy Mitchell; Donald Peers (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett (Best Seller--6th week at #1; Jukebox--1st week at #1); It's No Sin--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra (Disc Jockey--4th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (It's No) Sin--The Four Aces (6th week at #1)
--Eddy Howard
2 Because of You--Tony Bennett
--Les Baxter and his Orchestra
3 Down Yonder--Del Wood
--Joe "Fingers" Carr
--Champ Butler
4 Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett
5 I Get Ideas--Tony Martin
--Louis Armstrong
6 And So to Sleep Again--Patti Page
7 Undecided--The Ames Brothers and Les Brown and his Band of Renown
8 Charmaine--Mantovani and his Orchestra
9 Domino--Tony Martin
10 Jealousy (Jalousie)--Frankie Laine

Singles entering the chart were Cry (#23)/The Little White Cloud that Cried (#27) by Johnnie Ray and the Four Lads; and Never by Dennis Day (#39).

Diplomacy
Yugoslavia agreed to establish diplomatic relations with West Germany.

Czechoslovakia sent the U.S.A. a note of protest against alleged American aid to anti-Communist undergrounds in eastern Europe.

Egypt recalled its ambassador to the United Kingdom to protest British actions in the Suez.

U.S. Senator William Knowland (Republican--California) reported that 32 Americans were in jail in Communist China.

Defense
United Press reported that membership in U.S. veterans' organizations had dropped to a post-World War II low.

Business
Guatemala accused the United Fruit Company of systematically understating the value of bananas shipped from the country to reduce export tax payments.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Tower of Strength--Frankie Vaughan (2nd week at #1)

Basketball
NBA
Los Angeles (20-7) 147 @ Philadelphia (13-11) 151 (3 OT)

Wilt Chamberlain scored 78 points to lead the Warriors over the Lakers, while Elgin Baylor, who had set the single-game scoring record the previous year with 71 points, scored 63 for the Lakers.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Ernie (The Fastest Milkman in the West)--Benny Hill (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
Rod Serling's Night Gallery, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Cool Air, starring Barbara Rush and Henry Darrow; Camera Obscura, starring Rene Auberjonois and Ross Martin; Quoth the Raven, starring Marty Allen

40 years ago
1981

Died on this date
Walter Horton, 60. U.S. musician. "Big Walter" was known as one of the best blues harmonicists in history. He had a performing and recording career spanning more than 40 years, mainly as a sideman for various artists. Mr. Horton drank heavily, and died of heart failure.

Politics and government
The Senate of Canada voted 59-23 in favour of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's package to patriate the Constitution, and signed a joint resolution with the House of Commons. The package, to end Canada's last colonial and legal tie with Britain, was now sent to the British Parliament for final approval.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Black or White--Michael Jackson (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Black or White--Michael Jackson (2nd week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Let's Talk About Sex!--Salt-N-Pepa (4th week at #1)
2 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
3 Do the Limbo Dance--David Hasselhoff
4 Any Dream Will Do--Jason Donovan
5 Black or White--Michael Jackson
6 Jambo--Erste Allgemeine Verunsicherung
7 The Fly--U2
8 Always Look on the Bright Side of Life--Monty Python
9 Something Got Me Started--Simply Red
10 Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')--Kate Yanai

Singles entering the chart were No Son of Mine by Genesis (#25); and Change by Lisa Stansfield (#29).

Died on this date
Buck Clayton, 80. U.S. musician. Wilbur Dorsey Clayton was a jazz trumpeter and arranger who worked with various bands, but was best known for playing with Count Basie.

Kimberly Bergalis, 23. U.S. medical patient. Miss Bergalis died of AIDS, which she contracted from her dentist, Dr. David Acer, a bisexual. It was the first known case of clinical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Politics and government
The heads of state of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine met at Minsk, Belarus to sign a treaty creating the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Romanian Constitution was adopted in a referendum.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): No Woman, No Cry--The Fugees

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)--Backstreet Boys (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)--Backstreet Boys (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): A Different Beat--Boyzone

Died on this date
Howard Rollins, 46. U.S. actor. Mr. Rollins was best known for his performances in the movies Ragtime (1981) and A Soldier's Story (1984), and for playing Virgil Tibbs in the television series In the Heat of the Night (1988-1994). He was fired from the series because of his heavy drinking and cocaine abuse, but sobered up, and returned to acting before he died of AIDS-related lymphoma.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Dan "Bee" Spears, 62. U.S. musician. Mr. Spears was a country musician who played bass guitar in Willie Nelson's travelling band for 40 years. Mr. Spears slipped and fell outside his Nashville home, and was found dead of exposure.

Dick Sims, 60. U.K. musician. Mr. Sims played keyboards in Eric Clapton's rock band in the 1970s. Mr. Sims died of cancer.

December 5, 2021

525 years ago
1496

Abominations
King Manuel I of Portugal issued a decree ordering the expulsion of Jewish "heretics" from the country.

230 years ago
1791

Died on this date
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 35. Austrian composer. A child prodigy who became one of the most renowned composers in history, Mr. Mozart wrote more than 800 works in various genres. He died in Vienna after a brief illness.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
René Cresté. French actor. Mr. Cresté began his career on stage before moving into films, appearing in more than 50 movies. He was best known for starring as the title character in the 24-episode adventure serial Judex (1917-1918). Mr. Cresté died of tuberculosis on November 30, 1922, five days before his 41st birthday.

130 years ago
1891

Died on this date
Pedro II, 66. Emperor of Brazil, 1831-1889. Dom Pedro II, the seventh child of Emperor Pedro I, succeeded to the throne at the age of 5 upon his father's abdication. Dom Pedro II modernized the country, but was overthrown by a coup on November 15, 1889, and spent his last two years in exile with his family in Paris, dying three days after his 66th birthday.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Carl Cori. Czech biochemist. Dr. Cori shared the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with his wife Gerty "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen." Bernardo Houssay was also honoured that year "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar." Dr. Cori died on October 20, 1984 at the age of 87.

Ann Nolan Clark. U.S. teacher and authoress. Mrs. Clark taught literacy to Native American children in New Mexico for 25 years, beginning in the early 1920s. She wrote books of fiction and non-fiction; her children's novel Secret of the Andes won the 1953 Newbery Medal. Mrs. Clark died on December 13, 1995, eight days after her 99th birthday.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Walt Disney. U.S. entertainment magnate. Mr. Disney was a pioneer in the field of animation, creating such memorable characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. He eventually produced live-action films, hosted his own television program, and created the Disneyland amusement park, which opened in Anaheim, California in 1955. Mr. Disney was nominated for 59 Academy Awards, and won 22--the greatest number of any single person. He was a heavy smoker who died of lung cancer on December 15, 1966, 10 days after his 65th birthday. Mr. Disney was the first famous person whose death this blogger can remember as a current event.

Werner Heisenberg. German physicist. Dr. Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics." He remained in Germany during the Nazi regime and worked on their nuclear fission project. Dr. Heisenberg was captured by Allied forces at the end of World War II and was detained in England for several months, but was returned to Germany early in 1946, and spent the rest of his life in West Germany. He died on February 1, 1976 at the age of 74.

Milton H. Erickson. U.S. psychiatrist and psychologist. Dr. Erickson specialized in medical hypnosis and family therapy, and was noted for his approach to the unconscious mind as creative and solution-generating, in contrast to the ideas of Sigmund Freud. He was the founding president of the American Society for Clinical Hypnosis and a fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Psychopathological Association. Dr. Erickson promoted the use of hypnosis as a method of conacting the unconscious mind and its resources. He was influential in the fields of brief therapy, strategic family therapy, family systems therapy, solution focused brief therapy, and neuro-linguistic programming. Dr. Erickson died on March 25, 1980 at the age of 78.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Władysław Szpilman. Polish musician and composer. Mr. Szpilman was a concert pianist who wrote works for piano, songs, orchestral works, and film scores. As a Jew, he was interned in the Warsaw Ghetto and later at the Treblinka death camp during World War II, but was able to survive, and resumed his career after the war. Mr. Szpilman died on July 6, 2000 at the age of 88; he was the subject of the movie The Pianist (2002).

Politics and government
U.S. President William Howard Taft delivered the first part of his four-part annual State of the Union message to Congress. Part I dealt with the Anti-Trust Statute.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Alvy Moore. U.S. actor. Mr. Moore was a character actor on stage, screen, and television in a career spanning more than 40 years. He was best known for playing county agricultural agent Hank Kimball on the television comedy series Green Acres (1965-1971). Mr. Moore died of heart failure on May 4, 1997 at the age of 75.

Soccer
The Football Association banned women's football in England from league grounds, a ban that stayed in place for 50 years.

90 years ago
1931

Died on this date
Vachel Lindsay, 52. U.S. poet. Mr. Lindsay achieved popularity in the 1910s, and was known for "singing poetry," in which verses were meant to be sung or chanted. Mr. Lindsay performed his poems in a theatrical manner in his personal appearances, which contributed to his popularity. He began to experience financial problems in the late 1920s, and these led to his suicide by drinking a bottle of the disinfectant Lysol, 25 days after his 52nd birthday.

Abominations
The Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow was destroyed on orders from Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, who intended to use the site for a Palace of the Soviets to house the country's legislature, the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. The latter building was never completed.

Football
CRU
Grey Cup @ Molson Stadium, Montreal
Montreal 22 Regina 0

The Winged Wheelers concluded a perfect season with their only Grey Cup win, becoming the first team from outside Ontario to win the cup, as they shut out the Roughriders before 5,112 fans in the only Grey Cup ever played at Molson Stadium. Huck Welch opened the scoring in the first quarter with a punt single, and Pete Jotkus scored the game's first touchdown when Regina's Eddie James fumbled a punt, and Mr. Jotkus dribbled the ball from the Roughrider 35-yard line to the goal line before picking it up. Mr. Welch's convert gave the Winged Wheelers a 7-0 lead, which they maintained until halftime. Mr. Welch punted for another single to make the score 8-0, and then Montreal quarterback Warren Stevens, playing his final game after just one season in Canadian football, completed a long pass to Kenny Grant for the first touchdown pass in Grey Cup history. The convert was unsuccessful, and the Winged Wheelers led 13-0 after 3 quarters. Mr. Welch kicked a field goal early in the 4th quarter to make the score 16-0, and Mr. Stevens scored the game's final touchdown on a 1-yard quarterback sneak. He lined up as if to pass for the convert, but found running room and ran the ball in himself for the convert, making the final score 22-0. The field was frozen and covered with snow, and the Winged Wheelers wore basketball shoes that gave them a distinct advantage in footing over the Roughriders, who wore regular cleats. It was the fourth straight year in which the Roughriders had lost the Grey Cup, and their fifth Grey Cup defeat in as many appearances. Warren Stevens, who lad led the Winged Wheelers to a 6-0 regular season record in the IRFU, retired to become the head coach of the University of Toronto Varsity Blues.



80 years ago
1941

War
In the Battle of Moscow, Marshal Georgy Zhukov launched a massive Soviet counter-attack of 100 divisions against the German army. Germany agreed to a secret treaty with Japan for a war against the United States, and barring any separate peace. The Japanese government informed U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Japanese troops had been reinforced in northern French Indochina "with the object of taking precautionary measures" against Chinese troops along the border.

Defense
The U.S. House of Representatives passed the $8,243,839,031 third supplemental national defense appropriation bill and sent it to the Senate.

Law
The New Jersey Supreme Court reversed the convictions of nine leaders of the German-American Bund, ruling that the state's 1935 "race hatred" law violated the free speech provisions of the federal and state constitutions.

75 years ago
1946

Defense
Despite a drop in enlistments, the U.S. War Department extended the draft suspension through January 1947

Politics and government
Elections for the Berlin City Council resulted in Social Democrats winning seven of 14 seats, allowing Socialist Otto Ostrowski to become Lord Mayor of Berlin.

The U.S. Senate Campaign Investigating Committee ended a four-day probe into the campaign tactics of Sen. Theodore Bilbo (Democrat--Mississippi) after hearing the testimony of over 50 Negroes who charged that they had been prevented from voting in the Mississippi Democratic primary.

U.S. Civilian Production Administrator John Small resigned.

U.S. President Harry Truman established a 15-man Committee on Civil Rights, with General Motors President Charles Wilson as chairman.

Energy
The Little Inch pipeline, operated by Tennessee Gas and Transmission Company, began moving natural gas from the southwestern United States to the northeastern part of the country at a rate of 50 million cubic feet per day.

Economics and finance
Despite an impassioned appeal from United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency director Fiorello La Guardia to the UN Economic and Financial Committee, The U.S.A. and U.K. refused to join any new international relief agency.

70 years ago
1951

Died on this date
Joe Jackson, 64. U.S. baseball player. "Shoeless Joe," so nicknamed because he once played in the outfield without shoes because they were causing discomfort, was an outfielder with the Philadelphia Athletics (1908-1909); Cleveland Naps/Indians (1910-1915); and Chicago White Sox (1915-1920), batting .356 with 54 home runs and 785 runs batted in in 1,332 games. He led the American League in slugging in 1913 (.551), led the AL in hits twice, and in triples three times, but never won a batting title, because Ty Cobb was always a little ahead of him. Mr. Jackson helped the White Sox win the World Series in 1917 and the AL pennant in 1919, batting .345 with 1 homer and 8 RBIs in 14 World Series games. Despite hitting .375 with 1 home run and 6 RBIs in 8 games in the 1919 World Series, Mr. Jackson was one of the eight "Black Sox" players banned for life from organized baseball after the 1920 season for taking bribes to lose the series to the Cincinnati Reds. He played in outlaw leagues in the Southern states until he was nearly 50. Mr. Jackson was illiterate, but that didn't prevent him from running a successful restaurant and liquor store in his hometown of Greenville, South Carolina. He suffered from diabetes and liver and heart problems in later years, and died two weeks before a scheduled guest appearance on Ed Sullivan's Toast of the Town television variety program. Mr. Jackson made occasional appeals for reinstatement during his lifetime, and many such appeals have been made on his behalf since his death, especially in recent years, in order that he might be eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Mexicana
The Mexican Congress approved the establishment of a ninth Mexican state, Baja California, to include the cities of Tijuana and Mexicali.

Diplomacy
Western European states meeting in Brussels established a Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe to supervise the migration of 115,000 stateless refugees after the International Refugee Organization closed down earlier this month.

Defense
U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Lovett announced that the fiscal 1953 military budget now being drafted called for expansion of the Air Force from its present 90 wings to 143.

Technology
Parking Services, Inc. opened the first completely automated public garage in Washington, D.C.

Medicine
The American Red Cross, U.S. Public Health Service, and National Research Council announced their approval of the Holger Nielsen ("back-pressure arm-lift") method of artificial respiration to replace the Schafer ("prone pressure") method that had been standard in the United States since 1927.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): When the Girl in Your Arms is the Girl in Your Heart--Cliff Richard and the Norrie Paramor Orchestra (3rd week at #1)

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: I Spy, starring Kay Parker, Eric Barker, and Cecil Parker

Died on this date
Emil Fuchs, 83. German-born U.S. baseball executive. Mr. Fuchs emigrated to New York City with his family in 1883. He was a catcher in the Class D New Jersey State League (1897), but an injury ended his career. Mr. Fuchs became a lawyer, and served as a New York City Magistrate (1917-1918), and was thereafter referred to as Judge Fuchs. He returned to the practice of law,and was the lawyer for the New York Giants before buying the Boston Braves in partnership with Christy Mathewson and others in 1923, and taking the title of vice president. The Braves engaged in various promotional gimmicks in an attempt to increase attendance for a losing team. After Mr. Mathewson died from the effects of tuberculosis in 1925, Judge Fuchs was elevated to the title of president. He succeeded in getting Sunday baseball legalized in Boston, which had the effect of increasing attendance at Braves' games. Judge Fuchs managed the Braves in 1929, leading them to a 56-98 record, eighth and last in the National League. The Braves slowly improved, and contended for the NL pennant in 1933, but declined in 1934. Judge Fuchs continued to lose money on the franchise, and an attempt to have dog racing at Braves Field was disallowed by baseball commissioner Kenesaw M. Landis. Babe Ruth joined the Braves in 1935, but he was at the end of career, and played only 28 games before retiring. The Braves finished with a dismal 38-115 record--the worst of any major league team in the 1930s--and Judge Fuchs turned over control of the team to partner Charles Adams on August 1, 1935. Judge Fuchs returned to the practice of law, but continued to attend baseball games in Boston and New York until his death from a coronary thrombosis following a 10-week illness.

50 years ago
1971

War
The two-day Battle of Gazipur concluded with Pakistani forces defeated by Indian and Bangladeshi forces, with India ceding Gazipur to Bangladesh.

Business
In the largest recall in automotive history to date, General Motors announced that it would correct at its own expense a defect involving the motor mounts in 6.7 million 1965-1969 Chevrolet cars and trucks.

Football
NFL
Philadelphia (4-7-1) 23 @ Detroit (7-4-1) 20
New Orleans (4-6-2) 28 @ Los Angeles (7-4-1) 45
Green Bay (3-7-2) 16 @ St. Louis (4-7-1) 16
Cincinnati (4-8) 27 @ Cleveland (7-5) 31
Chicago (6-6) 3 @ Denver (4-7-1) 6
New York Giants (4-8) 7 @ Washington (8-3-1) 23
Miami (9-2-1) 13 @ New England (5-7) 34
Buffalo (1-11) 0 @ Baltimore (9-3) 24
Pittsburgh (5-7) 3 @ Houston (2-9-1) 29
Minnesota (9-3) 14 @ San Diego (5-7) 30
Oakland (7-3-2) 13 @ Atlanta (6-5-1) 24

See video.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Physical--Olivia Newton-John

#1 single in Ireland: Begin the Beguine (Volver a Empezar)--Julio Iglesias (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Under Pressure--Queen & David Bowie (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Begin the Beguine (Volver a Empezar)--Julio Iglesias

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Pretend--Alvin Stardust (2nd week at #1)
2 Under Pressure--Queen & David Bowie
3 R.R. Express--Rose Royce
4 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
5 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
6 Let's Groove--Earth Wind & Fire
7 Why Do Fools Fall in Love--Diana Ross
8 Your Love Still Brings Me To My Knees--Marcia Hines
9 Love Games--Level 42
10 Let's Start II Dance Again--Bohannon

Singles entering the chart were They Don't Play Our Lovesong Anymore by Anita Meyer (#25); Waiting on a Friend by the Rolling Stones (#27); Controversy by Prince (#28); All Alone am I by Timi Yuro (#30); Desire by Future's World Orchestra (#33); Vrijgezel by Benny Neyman (#34); Little Lady by Aneka (#36); and Halverwege Amsterdam en Bremershaven by New Four (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Physical--Olivia Newton-John (3rd week at #1)
2 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
3 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
4 Oh No--Commodores
5 Here I Am (Just When I Thought I was Over You)--Air Supply
6 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
7 Let's Groove--Earth, Wind & Fire
8 Young Turks--Rod Stewart
9 Why Do Fools Fall in Love--Diana Ross
10 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones

Singles entering the chart were Waiting on a Friend by the Rolling Stones (#70); Breakin' Away by Al Jarreau (#81); Take it Easy on Me by Little River Band (#82); Love is Alright Tonite by Rick Springfield (#84); The Woman in Me by Crystal Gayle (#87); Could it Be Love by Jennifer Warnes (#88); Little Darlin' by Sheila (#89); and Runaway Rita by Leif Garrett (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Physical--Olivia Newton-John (3rd week at #1)
2 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
3 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
4 Oh No--Commodores
5 Here I Am--Air Supply
6 Let's Groove--Earth, Wind & Fire
7 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
8 Young Turks--Rod Stewart
9 Why Do Fools Fall in Love--Diana Ross
10 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones

Singles entering the chart were Waiting on a Friend by the Rolling Stones (#49); Love is Alright Tonite by Rick Springfield (#76); Take it Easy on Me by Little River Band (#77); Sea of Love by Del Shannon (#86); Little Darlin' by Sheila (#88); Closer to the Heart by Rush (#89); and It's My Party by Dave Stewart with Barbara Gaskin (#92).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Physical--Olivia Newton-John (3rd week at #1)
2 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
3 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
4 Here I Am (Just When I Thought I was Over You)--Air Supply
5 Oh No--Commodores
6 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
7 Why Do Fools Fall in Love--Diana Ross
8 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
9 Young Turks--Rod Stewart
10 Let's Groove--Earth, Wind & Fire

Singles entering the chart were Waiting on a Friend by the Rolling Stones (#45); Love is Alright Tonite by Rick Springfield (#71); Leader of the Band by Dan Fogelberg (#79); Take it Easy on Me by Little River Band (#81); Breakin' Away by Al Jarreau (#90); Walking Into Sunshine by Central Line (#91); Hit and Run by the Bar-Kays (#96); and Let the Feeling Flow by Peabo Bryson (#99).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 The Friends of Mr. Cairo--Jon and Vangelis (4th week at #1)
2 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
3 My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone)--Chilliwack
4 Arthur's Theme (Best that You Can Do)--Christopher Cross
5 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
6 Young Turks--Rod Stewart
7 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
8 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
9 No Reply at All--Genesis
10 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie

Singles entering the chart were I Can't Go for That (No Can Do) by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#39); Shake it Up by the Cars (#41); The Old Songs by Barry Manilow (#44); Tainted Love by Soft Cell (#47); and Love Song by Simple Minds (#48).

Football
NCAA
University of Southern California Trojans' running back Marcus Allen, who had become the first player to rush for 2,000 yards in a season, won the Heisman Trophy as the most outstanding college player in the United States.

Army 3 Navy 3 @ Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Zigzagging--Zig and Zag (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Robert Karvelas, 70. U.S. actor. Mr. Karvelas was best known for playing Larrabee in the television comedy series Get Smart (1965-1970); he was the cousin of Get Smart star Don Adams.

Law
Gun control legislation in Canada received royal assent. The bill banned imports of automatic assault weapons, and imposed safe-storage rules and a waiting period to buy guns. The measure, overseen by Justice Minister Kim Campbell, passed in the House of Commons only after Prime Minister Brian Mulroney moved to quell dissent in his caucus.

Business
A month after the death of U.K. publisher Robert Maxwell, administrators were called in to try to salvage Mr. Maxwell's business empire, which was at least £1 billion in debt.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Roses Are Red--Aqua

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Breathe--The Prodigy (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Wilf Carter, 91. Canadian musician. Mr. Carter, a native of Port Hilford, Nova Scotia, moved to Calgary at the age of 18, and in 1930 began performing on radio as a country and western singer and guitarist, with a distinctive yodelling style. He made his first recordings in 1933, and became the first Canadian country artist to achieve popularity in the United States, where he was known as "Montana Slim," hosting his own radio program on CBS from 1934-1940. Mr. Carter was seriously injured in a car accident in 1940 and didn't resume touring until 1949, but was still able to record. He wrote more than 500 songs, and in 1971 was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Mr. Carter continued to perform and record until hearing loss forced him to retire in 1992. He died in Scottsdale Arizona, 13 days before his 92nd birthday.

November 29, 2021

1,460 years ago
561

Died on this date
Chlothar I, 64 (?). King of Soissons, 511-558; King of Orléans, 524-558; King of Reims, 555-558; King of Paris, 558; King of the Franks, 558-561. Chlothar I acceded to his first throne upon the death of his father Clovis I, and eventually reunited Francia by surviving his brothers and seizing their territories after they died. However, after Chlothar I died from acute pneumonia, his kingdom was divided among his four surviving sons.

240 years ago
1781

Abominations
The crew of the British slave ship Zong murdered 133 Africans by dumping them into the sea, en route to Jamaica, to claim insurance.

175 years ago
1846

Died on this date
Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, 68. Turkish composer. Dede Efendi wrote hundreds of songs and works in all genres of Turkish classical music. He composed about 500 works, 300 of which survive.

160 years ago
1861

Born on this date
Spyridon Samaras. Greek composer. Mr. Samaras was perhaps the most important member of the Ionian School of Heptanesian composers who were influenced by the Italian tradition. He was known for his operas, including Flora mirabilis (1886) and Mademoiselle de Belle-Isle (1905). Mr. Samaras also composed the music for the Olympic Hymn, with lyrics by Kostis Palamas. Mr. Samaras died on April 7, 1917 at the age of 55.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Julius Raab. Chancellor of Austria, 1953-1961. Mr. Raab was a member of the Christian Social Party when he sat in the National Council (1927-1934), and was then a member of the Fatherland's Front (1934-1938). He was ousted after the German Anschluss of Austria in 1938, shortly after being appointed Minister of Commerce, but avoided death or imprisonment because of a friendship with a Nazi official. Mr. Raab co-founded the Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) in November 1945; he succeeded Leopold Figl as ÖVP party chairman in 1951 and as Federal Chancellor in 1953. Mr. Raab had a foreign policy of neutrality, with a Western attitude but achieving positive relations with the Soviet Union. He suffered a slight stroke in 1957, and resigned as ÖVP leader and Chancellor in 1961. Mr. Raab unsuccessfully campaigned for the Austrian presidency in 1963, but his health continued to decline, and he died on January 8, 1964 at the age of 72.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Mildred Harris. U.S. actress. Miss Harris began her career as a child star, and appeared in numerous movies, mainly from 1912-1928 during the era of silent films. She was the first wife of movie comedy legend Charlie Chaplin; the two were married from 1918-1920. Miss Harris died of pneumonia at the age of 42 on July 20, 1944, following a major abdominal operation.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Dagmar. U.S. actress. Dagmar, whose real name was Virginia "Jennie" Lewis, was a statuesque blonde who began her career in burlesque and had a brief vogue in the early 1950s as a comic sidekick to Jerry Lester on the television variety program Broadway Open House (1950-1951) and as a guest on various other television shows before the variety show hosting Dagmar's Canteen (1951-1952). She teamed up with Frank Sinatra to record the song Mama Will Bark (1951), which was a top-25 hit, but was the low point of Mr. Sinatra's musical career. After her own program ended, Dagmar faded into obscurity, performing in nightclubs and acting in summer stock. She died on October 9, 2001 at the age of 79.

90 years ago
1931

Football
NFL
Chicago Bears (7-4) 0 @ Portsmouth (11-3) 3
Providence (4-3-3) 0 @ New York (5-6-1) 0
Green Bay (12-1) 7 @ Brooklyn (2-11) 0

80 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Chattanooga Choo Choo--Glenn Miller and his Orchestra (Vocal refrain by Tex Beneke and the Four Modernaires)

Chattanooga Choo Choo was the B-side of the single on the Bluebird label. The A-side was I Know Why, with vocal refrain by Paula Kelly and the Four Modernaires.

Died on this date
Frank Waller, 57. U.S. athlete and musician. Mr. Waller won silver medals in the men's 400-metre run and 400-metre hurdles events at the 1904 Summer Olympic Games in St. Louis. He later served as a pianist accompanying singer Lillian Russell; as a voice coach with various classical singers; and as director of several orchestras. Mr. Waller died of a heart ailment.

Gennaro Papi, 54. Italian-born opera conductor. Mr. Papi emigrated to the United States in 1913, serving as assistant conductor (1913-1915) and principal conductor (1915-1927, 1935-1941) of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, and as the first conductor of the Chicago Civic Opera (1927-1935). He died of a heart attack in his apartment, 22 days before his 55th birthday, and several hours before he was to conduct a performance of La Traviata at the Metropolitan.

Elton Sills, 17. Canadian student. A resident of Corbyville, Ontario, Mr. Sills died on his 17th birthday, two weeks after being breaking his neck and being paralyzed from the shoulders down while playing football for Belleville Collegiate against Tweed High School.

Opera
The weekly performance of the Metropolitan Opera from New York City, broadcast on NBC radio, was a performance of La Traviata, featuring tenor Jan Peerce's debut with the Met. The performance was conducted by Ettore Panizza, a late substitute for Gennaro Papi, who died of a heart attack several hours before the concert.

War The Japanese news agency Dōmei Tsushin reported that Japanese planes had bombed the Burma Road at Kumming the previous day. The Matson Lines passenger ship SS Lurline reportedly sent a radio signal after sighting a Japanese war fleet; the claim has been disputed by historians.

Scandal
U.S. Representative Andrew May (Democrat--Kentucky), chairman of the House Military Affairs Committee, ordered public hearings to begin December 3 on the activities of so-called "defense brokers" who obtained defense contracts on a commission basis.

Law
The U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia appointed Thomas Raeburn White to investigate an opinion written six years earlier by Federal Judge J. Warren Davis in the Universal Products Company case.

Labour
Crucible Steel Company said that it could not accept in advance any decision which may force its employees to join the United Mine Workers of America. Other steel companies had agreed to accept the coal arbitration board's decision as final.

Football
CRU
Grey Cup @ Varsity Stadium, Toronto
Winnipeg 18 Ottawa 16

George Fraser of the Rough Riders set a Grey Cup record with 3 field goals, but with less than 4 minutes remaining in regulation time, he missed his fourth attempt, settling for a single, allowing the Blue Bombers to win the Grey Cup for the second time in three years. Ches McCance of the Blue Bombers opened the scoring with a 23-yard field goal, but the Rough Riders took the lead with one of the most unusual touchdowns in Grey Cup history. Ottawa's Tony Golab punted from his own 40-yard line and recovered the ball on the Winnipeg 45, and then spun away from a would-be tackler and ran for a touchdown, converted by Mr. Fraser, to give Ottawa a 6-3 lead. Winnipeg's Fritz Hanson fumbled a punt early in the 2nd quarter, and Mr. Fraser kicked a 16-yard field goal from a sharp angle to make the score 9-3. On a third-down gamble, Blue Bomber quarterback Wayne Sheley lateralled to Bud Marquardt, who ran 40 yards downfield before being tackled by Ottawa's Orville Burke. As he was being tackled, Mr. Marquardt lateralled to centre Mel Wilson, who ran the remaining 5 yards for the touchdown. Mr. McCance's convert made the score 9-9 at halftime. Mr. Burke, the Ottawa quarterback, was hit as he attempted to pass in the first minute of the 3rd quarter, and Mr. Marquardt intercepted the ball and ran 45 yards for another Winnipeg touchdown. Mr. McCance converted to give the Blue Bombers a 15-9 lead. Mr. Fraser tied the game with field goals of 26 and 20 yards before Mr. McCance replied with a 38-yard field goal to give Winnipeg an 18-15 lead after 3 quarters. The distance of 38 yards was a Grey Cup record that was tied by Bob Dean of the Edmonton Eskimos in 1954, but wasn't surpassed until 1973. An unsuccessful third-down gamble by the Blue Bombers gave the Rough Riders a chance to tie the game, but Mr. Fraser was wide from 20 yards out, and Winnipeg held on to win the Grey Cup for the second time in the previous three years, and the third time in seven years. 19,065 fans were in attendance in the warmest Grey Cup weather to date.

NCAA
Navy 14 Army 6 @ Municipal Stadium, Philadelphia

75 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Johannes Vares, 56. Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1940-1944. Dr. Vares, a physician who wrote poetry under the pseudonym Johannes Barbarus, led a Communist puppet government after the Soviet conquest of Estonia in 1940. He fled to Russia after the German invasion and occupation of Estonia in 1941, but returned in 1944 after the U.S.S.R. reconquered the country. On April 20, 1944, the Electoral Committee of the Republic of Estonia held a clandestine meeting where they ruled Mr. Vares' appointment to be illegal; he also came under suspicion from the Soviet secret police force NKVD because of his activities in the Estonian war of independence, and committed suicide at Kadriorg Palace in the capital city of Tallinn.

War
The French cabinet decided to send reinforcements to Tonkin, where fighting between French forces and Vietnamese nationalists continued.
Defense
All British and Indian troops were withdrawn from newly-independent Indonesia.

Politics and government
Greek Prime Minister Konstantinos Tsaldaris called his cabinet into an extraordinary session as fighting between government forces and guerrillas was reported in various parts of the country.

Ecuador's Constitutional Congress voted to retain Dr. Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra as President until September 1, 1948.

Communist and Socialist parties in Poland agreed to unite as two socialists were named to the government.

U.S. Office of Price Administration Director Paul Porter resigned for personal reasons.

Law
Palestine's Supreme Court rejected a habeas corpus petition to prevent the deportation of Jewish refugees.

Labour
The All Indonesia Centre of Labour Organizations (SOBSI) was founded in Jakarta.

70 years ago
1951

Died on this date
Kenneth Wherry, 59. U.S. politician. Mr. Wherry, a Republican, began his political career in Pawnee City, Nebraska, serving as a city councillor (1927, 1929) and Mayor (1929-1931, 1938-1942), while also sitting in the Nebraska State Senate (1929-1932). He ran unsuccessfully for the Republican Party nomination for Governor of Nebraska (1932) and for the U.S. Senate (1934). Mr. Wherry represented Nebraska in the U.S. Senate from 1943 until his death. Sen. Wherry represented a constituency that included a large population of German ancestry, and he supported a post-World War II policy that expressed concern for the plight of the people of Germany. He held old-style Republican isolationist views, opposing American entry into World War II; the Cold War; the Korean War; Marshall Plan aid to Europe; and homosexuals and Communists in government. Sen. Wherry was Senate Minority Whip (1943-1947); Majority Whip (1947-1949); and Minority Leader (1949-1951); he died from pneumonia, several weeks after undergoing abdominal surgery.

World events
The Syrian Army deposed the newly-installed cabinet of People's Party leader Marouf Dawalibi, an opponent of the Western plan for a Middle Eastern defense command.

The Thai armed forces staged a bloodless coup d'état, ordering the dissolution of Parliament, a cabinet shakeup, and a change of constitutions. A "Provisional National Executive Council" headed by Army Chief of Staff General Phin Chunhawan and natonal police chief General Pho Suriyanond took power.

Defense
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission set off Buster-Jangle Uncle, the last in a series of seven atomic devices to be detonated in Nevada. It was the world's first undergound nuclear explosion, meant to simulate a 23-kiloton ground-penetrating weapon. U.S. troops, in Operation Desert Rock III, observed the test and conducted maneuvers at a distance of 5 miles.

The first U.S. all-jet heavy bomber, the eight-jet B-52, was rolled out of the Boeing plant in Seattle to a nearby hangar in pre-dawn darkness.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Wage Stabilization Board approved a 13¢ hourly raise for 100,000 rubber workers employed by the Goodyear, B.F. Goodrich, and Firestone tire and rubber companies.

60 years ago
1961

Space
The United States launched Mercury-Atlas 5 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, with a chimpanzee named Enos aboard. Enos became the first chimpanzee launched into Earth orbit, completing the first orbit in 1 hour and 28.5 minutes. The mission, planned for 3 orbits, was terminated after 2 orbits because of concerns about the spacecraft's attitude and amount of fuel remaining. The spacecraft splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean, and the craft and its occupant were taken aboard the destroyer USS Stormes. Enos was in good shape, and reportedly ran around the deck of the ship shaking hands with his rescuers.



Politics and government
U.S. President John F. Kennedy addressed various issues in a press conference at the State Department Auditorium in Washington.



Boxing
Cassius Clay (10-0) scored a technical knockout of Willi Besmanoff (44-28-7) at 1:55 of the 7th round of a heavyweight bout at Freedom Hall in Louisville.



50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Maggie May--Rod Stewart

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Ame no Midōsuji--Ouyang Fei Fei (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Mammy Blue--Pop-Tops (6th week at #1)

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Say I Love You--Renée Geyer (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Physical--Olivia Newton-John

Died on this date
Natalie Wood, 43. U.S. actress. Miss Wood, born Natalie Zacharenko and later known as Natasha Gurdin, appeared in such movies as Tomorrow is Forever (1946); Miracle on 34th Street (1947); Rebel Without a Cause (1955); Splendor in the Grass (1961); Inside Daisy Clover (1965); and Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969). While filming Brainstorm (1983), Miss Wood died under circumstances that still haven't fully been explained. The investigation into her death was reopened by authorities in November 2011; the coroner's report was amended in 2012 to state that the cause of death was "drowning and other undetermined factors." There have been subsequent allegations that Miss Wood's body had substantial bruising, which may have been the result of an assault before she drowned.

30 years ago
1991

Died on this date
Ralph Bellamy, 87. U.S. actor. Mr. Bellamy had a career on stage, screen, and television spanning 70 years. He was probably best known for playing U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the play Sunrise at Campobello (1958), for which Mr. Bellamy won a Tony Award. He reprised the role in the film version (1960), and played Mr. Roosevelt again in the television mini-series The Winds of War (1983) and its sequel War and Remembrance (1988-1989). Mr. Bellamy died from a lung ailment.

Frank Yerby, 75. U.S. author. Mr. Yerby was known for novels such as The Foxes of Harrow (1946) and Dahomean (1971). He was of mixed racial origin and left the United States in 1955 in a protest against racial discrimination, living in Spain until his death

Environment
Canadian Environment Minister Jean Charest announced a $34.9-million program to protect Canadian wildlife and set up a national wildlife habitat network, plus $17.7 million for ecology research.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Breathe--The Prodigy (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Rat Trap--Dustin (3rd week at #1)

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
John Knowles, 75. U.S. author. Mr. Knowles wrote for the Hartford Courant and was an assistant editor for Holiday magazine, but was best known for his semi-autobiographical novel A Separate Peace (1959).

George Harrison, 58. U.K. musician. The lead guitarist of the Beatles, Mr. Harrison was known as the "quiet Beatle." His most notable composition with the group was Something, a major hit in the fall of 1969. When the band broke up, Mr. Harrison launched a solo career, and his first album, All Things Must Pass (1970) yielded the #1 hit single My Sweet Lord (which Mr. Harrison lost a legal battle over because the song sounded too much like He's So Fine, a major hit in 1963 for the Chiffons) and the top 10 hit What is Life. Mr. Harrison became one of the first rock musicians to attempt to raise money for charity when he staged the The Concert for Bangladesh, which attracted 40,000 people to two shows at Madison Square Garden in New York on August 1, 1971. Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth) topped singles charts in 1973, but as his interest in Indian spirituality and Indian music deepened, public appreciation of his records and live appearances declined. Later hit singles included Blow Away (1979); All Those Years Ago (1981--a tribute to the recently-slain John Lennon); Got My Mind Set on You ( #1 in 1987-1988); and When We was Fab (1988). Mr. Harrison was also a member of the Traveling Wilburys, who released the albums Volume 1 (1988) and Volume 3 (1990). He died after battling lung cancer for several years.

10 years ago
2011

Politics and government
The Eeyou Marine Region Land Claims Agreement received royal assent; it recognized the Aboriginal rights and title of the Cree of Eeyou Istchee on the Northern Québec coastline and offshore islands claimed by Nunavut. The land claims process began in 1974.