June 17, 2011

510 years ago
1501

Died on this date
Jan I, 41. King of Poland, 1492-1501. Jan I acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Casimir IV; his reign included unsuccessful military efforts against the Ottoman Turks. King Jan I was succeeded by his brother Aleksander I.

380 years ago
1631

Born on this date
Gauhar Ara Begum. Mughal princess. Princess Gauhar Ara was the 14th and youngest child of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal. Princess Gauhar Ara died in 1706 at the age of 74 or 75.

Died on this date
Mumtaz Mahal, 38. Empress consort of the Mughal Empire, 1628-1631. Mumtaz Mahal, born Arjumand Banu Begum, married the future Emperor Shah Jahan in 1612, and became Empress consort upon his accession to the throne in 1628. The couple had 14 children, but Empress Mumtaz Mahal died giving birth to Princess Gauhar Ara. A grieving Emperor Shah Jahan had the Taj Mahal built in Agra as a tomb for Empress Mumtaz Mahal.

240 years ago
1771

Died on this date
Daskalogiannis, 40-49. Greek rebel leader. Daskalogiannis, born Ioannis Vlachos, was a wealthy shipbuilder and shipowner who led a Cretan revolt against Ottoman rule in the spring of 1770. The revolt was unsuccessful because promised Russian support failed to arrive, and Daskalogiannis surrendered with 70 of his men. He was tortured, skinned alive, and executed, reportedly suffering the torture in silence.

200 years ago
1811

Born on this date
Jón Sigurðsson. Icelandic politician. Mr. Sigurðsson led the movement for Icelandic independence from Denmark in the 19th century. He represented Ísafjörður in the Althing from 1844 until his death, served several terms as President of the Althing, and was Speaker of the Althing from 1875-1877. Mr. Sigurðsson died on December 7, 1879 at the age of 68; his birthday, June 17, is Iceland's national holiday.

150 years ago
1861

Born on this date
Pete Browning. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Browning was an outfielder with seven major league clubs from 1882-1894, batting .341 with 46 home runs and 659 runs batted in in 1,183 games. He was a native of Louisville, and played with the Louisville Eclipse/Colonels of the American Association (1882-1889) and National League (1892-1893), and was the AA batting champion n 1882 and 1885. The Hillerich & Bradsby company made his bats; both Mr. Browning and the bats were nicknamed "Louisville Slugger." He won the Players League batting title with the Cleveland Infants in 1890, the only year of the PL's existence. Mr. Browning was a terrible defensive player, which may be why he isn't in the Baseball Hall of Fame. He suffered from lifelong mastoiditis, which resulted in near-total deafness and virtual illiteracy. Mr. Browning tried to numb the pain with alcohol, and was occasionally drunk on the field. He was also known to patronize prostitutes, which may have resulted in paresis. Mr. Browning was committed to a lunatic asylum in June 1905, but was released two weeks later. A month later, he was hospitalized, and died on September 10, 1905 at the age of 44 from "asthenia" (a general weakening of the body), which included mastoiditis; cirrhosis of the liver; cancer; and paresis.

War
Union Army forces suffered 8 dead and 4 killed, while the Confederate Army suffered no casualties in the Battle of Vienna, Virginia, a minor skirmish in the American Civil War.

140 years ago
1871

Born on this date
James Weldon Johnson. U.S. writer and civil rights activist. Mr. Johnson was a major figure in the "Harlem Renaissance"-- a novelist, poet, songwriter, lawyer, and diplomat. He was involved with the National Assocation for the Advancement of Colored People from 1916 through the 1930s, and died nine on June 26, 1938, days after his 67th birthday.

Died on this date
Clement Vallandigham, 50. U.S. politician. Mr. Vallandigham, a Democrat, represented Columbiana County in the Ohio House of Representatives (1845-1847) and Ohio's 3rd District in the U.S. House of Representatives (1858-1863). He was a leader of the Copperhead faction of Democrats who opposed the American Civil War, and was convicted by a court martial of violating General Order 38, Union Army General Ambrose Burnside's order making it illegal to criticize the war from within the Department of the Ohio. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln ordered Mr. Vallandigham deported to the Confederacy; he went to North Carolina and then Virginia, but fled on a blockade runner to Bermuda and then to Windsor, Canada West, whence he campaigned unsuccessfully in absentia as the Deomcratic Party candidate for Governor of Ohio. Mr. Vallandigham sneaked back into Virginia in June 1864, but President Lincoln declined to take action against him. He resumed the practice of law, and died the day after accidentally shooting himself in the abdomen while defending a client accused of murder. Mr. Vallandigham was in a hotel room demonstrating to fellow defense attorneys how he intended to show the jury how the deceased in the case could have accidentally shot himself, when the pistol he was using and which he erroneously believed to be unloaded snagged on his pants and discharged. Doctors were unable to locate the pistol ball, thought to have lodged in the vicinity of his bladder, and he died of peritonitis.

Married on this date
P.T. Barnum Circus giants Anna Swan of Nova Scotia, 7'11" (2.41 metres) and Martin Bates of Kentucky, 7'11" (2.41 metres) became the world's tallest married couple, after becoming engaged during a translatlantic voyage. The wedding took place in St. Martins-in-the Fields Church in London, and Mr. Barnum's publicist told the press that Queen Victoria had provided the wedding dress, as well as two extra-large diamond-studded gold watches.

Education
The New Brunswick Assembly passed the Common Schools Act, establishing separate schools.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Tommy Burns. Canadian boxer. Born Noah Brusso near Hanover, Ontario, Mr. Burns won a 20-round decision over Marvin Hart on February 23, 1906 to become the first Canadian to win the world heavyweight championship. He succesfully defended the title 11 times before losing a one-sided match against American Negro Jack Johnson in Sydney, Australia on December 26, 1908. Mr. Burns posted a lifetime record as a professional of 46-4-8. He became an evangelist in later years and died of a heart attack in Vancouver, British Columbia on May 10, 1955 at the age of 73.

120 years ago
1891

Baseball
In an American Association game at Union Park in Baltimore, the Washington Statesmen scored 14 runs in the top of the 1st inning, and the Orioles scored 5 in the bottom of the inning. The Statesmen barely held on to win 20-19.

110 years ago
1901

Academia
The U.S. College Entrance Examination Board introduced its first standardized test, the forerunner to the Scholastic Aptitude Test.

Golf
Willie Anderson defeated Alex Smith 85-86 in an 18-hole playoff to win the U.S. Open at Myopia Hunt Club in South Hamilton, Massachusetts. First prize money was $200.

80 years ago
1931

Baseball
30 years after umpiring the American League’s first game as a major league, Tommy Connolly retired as an active umpire to become the AL’s supervisor of umpires.

70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Johan Wagenaar, 78. Dutch composer. Mr. Wagenaar was an organist, and he wrote works for organ, as well as operas, cantatas, and orchestral works.

War
British planes attacked Nazi air bases in the Boulogne area of France, and bombed the German Rhineland area for the seventh succesive night. British forces withdrew from the Fort Capuzzo-Solum area of Libya.

Diplomacy
Paraguayan Foreign Minister Luis Argana and Brazilian Foreign Minister Dr. Oswaldo Atanha signed 10 treaties in Rio de Janeiro covering commerce, transport, and cultural relations between the countries.

The U.S. Justice and Treasury Departments ordered customs officials to prevent any of the 330,000 German nationals in the United States from leaving the country "pending further instructions."

Defense
U.S. Defense Oil Coordinator Harold Ickes advised 32 Atlantic shippers to halt all shipments of petroleum products abroad without first consulting his office.

Religion
An agreement between the Vatican and the Spanish government was published in Madrid, under which the Roman Catholic Church regained virtually all of its former power to appoint the hierarchy and lower clergy.

Economics and finance
The German government reported that it had protested the closing of German consulates in the United States, and said that "necessary measures" had been ordered against $450 million in American property in Germany.

Japanese-Dutch trade negotiations in Batavia broke down.

Labour
Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies said that strikes and lockouts in war industries would be forbidden.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Mr. Moto, starring James Monks, on NBC (East Coast)
Tonight’s episode: The Bazaloff Papers

Four days earlier NBC’s west coast stations had broadcast the episode as The Kuriloff Papers.

War
U.S. forces abandoned the North Korean city of Pyongyang in the "Iron Triangle."

Politics and government
The Rassemblement du peuple français (Rally of the French People) (RPF), led by Jacques Soustelle, took the largest number of seats--121 of 625--in the National Assembly in the French general election. It was the first election for the RPF, which was founded by Charles de Gaulle in 1947. The Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (French Section of the Workers' International) (SFIO), led by Guy Mollet, was next with 107 seats, an increase of 5 from the most recent election in 1946. The SFIO total was the largest for the four-party "Third Force" coalition, which remained in power with 388 seats. The Communist Party, led by Maurice Thorez, was third with 103 seats, and received the largest number of votes.

Labour
The U.S. Labor Department reported that 18,946,000 women were in the U.S. labour force, while 37,909,000 women of working age were not in the labour force. A U.S. Senate Small Business subcommittee reported that small companies unable to get defense work were the worst sufferers from the current labour shortage.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Runaway--Del Shannon (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Il mondo di Suzie Wong--Nico Fidenco

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Wheels (Vier Schimmel, ein Wagen)--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Non je ne regrette rien--Edith Piaf (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Surrender--Elvis Presley (4th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Travelin’ Man--Ricky Nelson (2nd week at #1)
2 Running Scared--Roy Orbison
3 Stand by Me—Ben E. King
4 Moody River—Pat Boone
5 Raindrops—Dee Clark
6 The Boll Weevil Song—Brook Benton
7 Quarter to Three—U.S. Bonds
8 I Feel So Bad--Elvis Presley
9 Daddy’s Home—Shep and the Limelites
10 Hello Walls—Faron Young

Singles entering the chart were Hats Off to Larry by Del Shannon (#58); Te-Ta-Te-Ta-Ta by Ernie K-Doe (#66); I’m Comin’ on Back to You by Jackie Wilson (#69); Life is But a Dream by the Earls (#92); The Lonely Crowd by Teddy Vann (#97); San Antonio Rose by Floyd Cramer (#99); Right or Wrong by Wanda Jackson (#100); You Can’t Sit Down, Part 2 by the Phil Upchurch Combo (also #100); and Should I by the String-A-Longs (also #100). Should I was the other side of Take a Minute, which was not on the chart.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door--Eddie Hodges (3rd week at #1)
2 Fallen Idol--Ken Lyon
3 Dance On Little Girl--Paul Anka
4 Barbara-Ann--The Regents
5 Girl of My Best Friend--Ral Donner
6 Ring of Fire--Duane Eddy
7 Heart and Soul--Jan and Dean
8 Love Hurts--Roy Orbison
9 Moody River--Pat Boone
10 Raindrops--Dee Clark

Singles entering the chart were Hats Off to Larry by Del Shannon (#15); Don't You Sweetheart Me by Bobby Curtola (#31); A Million Teardrops by Conway Twitty (#36); Classmate by the Beau-Marks (#39); Never on Sunday by the Chordettes (#43); Dum Dum by Brenda Lee (#44); Sad Eyes (Don't You Cry) by the Echoes (#46); Stand by Me by Ben E. King (#48); Skin Tight, Pin Striped, Purple Pedal Pushers by Sheb Wooley (#49); and Tossin' and Turnin' by Bobby Lewis (#50).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door--Eddie Hodges (2nd week at #1)
2 Fallen Idol--Ken Lyon
3 Barbara-Ann--The Regents
4 Ring of Fire--Duane Eddy
5 Moody River--Pat Boone
6 Hats Off to Larry--Del Shannon
7 Temptation--The Everly Brothers
8 Sea of Heartbreak--Don Gibson
9 Lil' Ole Me--Cornbread and Jerry
10 The Boll Weevil Song--Brook Benton

Singles entering the chart were Daydreams by Johnny Crawford (#22); Dum Dum by Brenda Lee (#31); Yellow Bird, with versions by the Arthur Lyman Group; and Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra (#32); Skin Tight, Pin Striped, Purple Pedal Pushers by Sheb Wooley (#37); A Million Teardrops by Conway Twitty (#39); and Don't You Sweetheart Me by Bobby Curtola (#40).

Died on this date
Jeff Chandler, 42. U.S. actor. Mr. Chandler, born Ira Grossel, was known for his gray hair and handsome features. He starred in The Adventures of Michael Shayne and played Mr. Boynton in the comedy series Our Miss Brooks (1948-1952) on radio, but was better known for movie roles. Mr. Chandler was nominated for an Academy Award for his supporting performance as Cochise in Broken Arrow (1950), and played Cochise again in The Battle at Apache Pass (1952). He injured his back while playing baseball during a break in filming Merrill's Marauders (1962), and later underwent surgery for a spinal disc herniation. Severe hemorrhaging resulted in death from a blood infection and pneumonia; an investigation ruled that Mr. Chandler's death was the result of malpractice.

World events
Rudolf Nureyev, 23, principal dancer of the Kirov Ballet, escaped Soviet guards at Paris’s Le Bourget Airport and asked for asylum in France.

Golf
Gene Littler won the U.S. Open at Oakland Hills Country Club (South Course) in Birmingham, Michigan, shooting a 2-under par 68 in the final round to finish with a 1-over par score of 281, one stroke better than Bob Goalby and Doug Sanders. First prize money was $14,000. Jack Nicklaus, still playing as an amateur, tied with Mike Souchak for fourth place, 3 strokes behind Mr. Littler.



40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Here's to You--Joan Baez (2nd week at #1)

At the movies
The Anderson Tapes, directed by Sidney Lumet, and starring Sean Connery, Dyan Cannon, Martin Balsam, and Alan King, received its premiere screening in New York City.



Diplomacy
A U.S.-Japanese treaty was signed under which the U.S.A. agreed to return to Japan the island of Okinawa, the other islands in the Ryuku group, and the Daito islands.

Baseball
The Oakland Athletics sold first baseman Ramon Webster to the Chicago Cubs. Mr. Webster was batting 0 for 5 in 7 games with Oakland and 0 for 1 with a run batted in in 2 games with the Iowa Oaks of the AAA American Association in 1971.

Don Kessinger batted 6 for 6 and led off the bottom of the 10th inning with a single and scored from second base on a 1-out single by Ron Santo to give the Chicago Cubs a 7-6 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 22,749 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Burt Hooton made his major league debut as the Cubs' starting pitcher, allowing 3 hits and 3 runs--all earned--in 3.1 innings, walking 5 batters and striking out 2, bunting into a force play in his only plate appearance. Danny Breeden caught the 8th and 9th innings for Chicago, making 1 putout in the 28th and last game of his 2-year major league career.

After giving up 3 runs in the top of the 11th inning, the Minnesota Twins came back with 4 in the bottom of the inning to edge the Chicago White Sox 7-6 before 11,072 fans at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington, Minnesota. George Mitterwald singled home Tony Oliva with the winning run with his fourth hit of the game, with 2 out.

30 years ago
1981

Died on this date
Zerna Sharp, 91. U.S. teacher and authoress. Miss Sharp was an elementary school teacher and principal who created the Dick and Jane series of readers for children that were published, with various revisions, from 1930-1965.

25 years ago
1986

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Montreal (1-2) 13 @ Toronto (1-1) 24
Calgary (1-1) 41 @ British Columbia (1-1) 20

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Anata ni aete yokatta (あなたに会えてよかった)--Kyōko Koizumi (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Ring Ring Ring (Ha Ha Hey)--De La Soul (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Wind of Change--Scorpions (3rd week at #1)

Society
The South African Parliament repealed the Population Registration Act, which required racial classification of all South Africans at birth.

Golf
Payne Stewart defeated Scott Simpson in an 18-hole playoff to win the U.S. Open at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Chaska, Minnesota. Mr. Stewart shot a 3-over-par 75, two strokes ahead of Mr. Simpson. The two were tied with 6-under-par scores of 282 after 4 rounds, three strokes ahead of Fred Couples and Larry Nelson. First prize money was $235,000.



Baseball
Tim Wallach singled home Marquis Grissom with 1 out in the bottom of the 16th inning to give the Montreal Expos a 3-2 win over the Houston Astros before 10,523 fans at Olympic Stadium in Montreal.

Dale Murphy's solo home run with 1 out in the bottom of the 8th inning broke a 3-3 tie and gave the Philadelphia Phillies a 4-3 win over the Atlanta Braves before 18,517 fans at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia. The Phillies tied the game in the 5th inning when starting pitcher Tommy Greene led off with his first major league home run.

Randy Milligan doubled home Brady Anderson and Cal Ripken, Jr. with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to climax a 3-run rally and give the Baltimore Orioles a 6-5 win over the Minnesota Twins before 25,600 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Minnesota relief pitcher Rick Aguilera (2-3) intentionally walked Mr. Ripken in order to pitch to Mr. Milligan.

Don August (5-2) pitched a 5-hit shutout, and the Milwaukee Brewers scored all their runs in the 5th inning as they blanked the Oakland Athletics 5-0 before 20,431 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee.

Steve Buechele scored on an infield single by Gary Pettis with 2 out in the bottom of the 10th inning to give the Texas Rangers a 10-9 win over the Kansas City Royals before 30,448 fans at Arlington Stadium. The Royals led 9-4 after 7½ innings, but the Rangers rallied for 3 runs in the bottom of the 8th, and Ruben Sierra singled home 2 runs with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th to tie the game.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Donald J. Cram, 82. U.S. chemist. Dr. Cram shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity." They founded of the field of host–guest chemistry.

Thomas Winning, 76. U.K. clergyman. Cardinal Winning was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow (1974-2001), and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1994. He died following a heart attack, and was succeeded by Mario Conti.

Golf
Mark Brooks and Retief Goosen were tied for the lead with 4-under-par total scores of 276 after four rounds of the U.S. Open at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, necessitating an 18-hole playoff the following day.

June 16, 2011

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Glory Bella and Oksana!

200 years ago
1811

War
Survivors of an attack the previous day by Tla-o-qui-aht (Nootka) Indians on board the Pacific Fur Company's ship Tonquin intentionally detonated a powder magazine on the ship, destroying it and killing about 100 attackers.

140 years ago
1871

Academia
The Universities Tests Act 1871 allowed students to enter the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).

125 years ago
1886

Baseball
The Southern League of Colored Base Ballists, America's first Negro professional sports league, began play in New Orleans with the Memphis Eclipse defeating the New Orleans Unions 3-1. The league folded two months later.

100 years ago
1911

Business
The forerunner of International Business Machines was incorporated in Endicott, New York as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.

70 years ago
1941

Television
The National Broadcasting Company applied to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission for permission to establish commercial stations in New York, Washington, and Philadelphia.

War
Allied forces drove north on the Lebanese coast to within 10 miles of Beirut; naval battles off the coast were reported.

Diplomacy
The U.S.A. ordered Germany to close all 24 of her consulates in the United States in the United States, as well as the German Library of Information in New York; the German Railway and Tourist Agencies; and Transocean News Service by July 10, 1941, becaude they allegedly engaged in activities "of an improper and unwarranted character."

Defense
A Brazilian embassy official in Washington said that the United States and Brazil were negotiating in Rio de Janeiro for the construction of air bases on the Brazilian coast. Because of the current shortage, U.S. Defense Oil Coordinator Harold Ickes prevented the shipment of 252,000 gallons of lubricating oil to Japan. Mr. Ickes declared that if the European war was lost, "it may be because of the recalcitrance of the Aluminum Company of America." He accused Alcoa of seeking absolute control of all aluminum sources in the United States. U.S. Senator Patrick McCarran (Democrat--Nevada) introduced a bill providing for a separate air force.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Treasury Department revealed that the funds of the German-American Bund and other Fascist organizations had been frozen at the order of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Boxing
Lou Salica (54-11-12) retained his world bantamweight title with a unanimous 15-round decision over Tommy Forte (41-9-2) at Shibe Park in Philadelphia.

60 years ago
1951

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 How High the Moon--Les Paul and Mary Ford
2 Too Young--Nat "King" Cole
3 On Top of Old Smoky--The Weavers and Terry Gilkyson
--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
4 Mockin’ Bird Hill--Les Paul and Mary Ford
--Patti Page
5 Sound Off (The Duckworth Chant)--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
6 Jezebel--Frankie Laine
7 I Apologize--Billy Eckstine
8 Mister and Mississippi--Patti Page
--Dennis Day
9 Rose, Rose, I Love You--Frankie Laine
10 Unless--Eddie Fisher
--Guy Mitchell

Singles entering the chart were My Resistance is Low by Hoagy Carmichael (#32); These Things I Offer You (For a Lifetime) by Sarah Vaughan (#34); and I’m in Love Again by Henri Rene and his Orchestra featuring April Stevens (#38).

Died on this date
Andy Strong, 23. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Strong was a rookie center fielder with the Crowley Millers of the Class C Evangeline League, batting .339 in 16 games. He had taken his position to begin the bottom of the 6th inning of a game at Alexandria, Louisiana against the Aces, when he was struck by lightning and killed instantly. The game had just resumed after a delay because of a thunderstorm.

Diplomacy
The U.S.A. became the 12th nation to ratify the Organization of American States charter when President Harry Truman signed the document in Washington.

Health
The U.S. Public Health Service issued the report of a conference of state dental directors which claimed that fluoridation of public water reduced tooth decay by two-thirds.

Golf
Ben Hogan shot a 3-under-par 67 on the final round at Oakland Hills Country Club in Birmingham, Michigan to win the U.S. Open for the second straight year, finishing with a 7-over-par total score of 287, 2 strokes ahead of Clayton Heafner. First prize money was $4,000.





50 years ago
1961

On television tonight
The Lawless Years, starring James Gregory, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Louy K: Part 4 Heydays of the Organization



Died on this date
Benny Bowcock, 81. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Bowcock was a second baseman who played 14 games with the St. Louis Browns (1903), batting .320 with 1 home run and 10 runs batted in. He hit .269 in 1,524 games in 14 seasons in the minor leagues (1902-1915), including 10 years with the Fall River Indians of the New England League.

Chuck Miller, 71. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Miller was an outfielder who batted .188 with no home runs and 3 runs batted in in 40 games with the St. Louis Cardinals (1913-1914). He played at least 877 games in 10 seasons in the minor leagues (1909-1924).

Mack Hillis, 59. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Hillis played second base with the New York Yankees (1924) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1928), batting .243 with 1 home run and 7 runs batted in in 12 games. He played at least 802 games in 10 seasons in the minor leagues (1922-1934).

Space
The U.S.A. launched Discoverer 25, a satellite and capsule whose mission was to test improvements of orbital period controls, from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.

Baseball
Lew Krausse, Jr. (1-0), who had just graduated from high school, made his major league debut as a pitcher with the Kansas City Athletics, giving up just 3 hits, walking 5, striking out 6, and batting 2 for 3 with a sacrifice as the Athletics blanked the Los Angeles Angels 4-0 before 25,869 fans at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City. Mr. Krausse's father had pitched in the major leagues and had ended his career with a shutout for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1932.

The Boston Red Sox scored 2 runs in the bottom of the 3rd inning and 8 in the 4th as they came back from a 6-0 deficit to defeat the Washington Senators 14-9 before 14,081 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Gary Geiger, Carl Yastrzemski, and Vic Wertz each drove in 3 runs for Boston.

The Cincinnati Reds scored all their runs in the 8th inning as they beat the Philadelphia Phillies 4-1 before 10,508 fans at Connie Mack Stadium in Philadelphia. Don Demeter hit a home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 7th to give Philadelphia a 1-0 lead. Ken Hunt (7-3) allowed 3 hits in 7 innings to get the win.

Billy Williams hit a grand slam in the 3rd inning and his Chicago Cubs scored 5 more runs in the 4th as they beat the San Francisco Giants 12-6 before 20,622 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco.

Lou Burdette (5-5) pitched a 5-hitter and hit a solo home run in the 5th inning to open the scoring, outduelling Sandy Koufax as the Milwaukee Braves edged the Los Angeles Dodgers 2-1 before 32,860 fans at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Mr. Koufax (9-3) allowed 8 hits and 2 earned runs in 6.1 innings, with 8 strikeouts.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): I Did What I Did for Maria--Tony Christie

Died on this date
John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, 81. U.K. broadcast executive. Lord Reith joined the British Broadcasting Company, Ltd. as its general manager in 1922, and became its managing director in 1923. In 1927 he became Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation, and held the position until 1938. Lord Reith established the tradition of independent public broadcasting in the United Kingdom. He served as Britain's Minister of Information under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, and as Minister of Transport under Prime Minister Winston Churchill during World War II.

Steve Partenheimer, 79. U.S. baseball player and businessman. Dr. Partenheimer played third base at Amherst College (1910-1913) before playing 1 game with the Detroit Tigers, batting 0 for 2 with a hit by pitch and making 3 assists and an error on June 28, 1913. He then played 3 years in the New York State League. Dr. Partenheimer obtained a doctorate from Columbia University and spent 50 years in the tire business. While working with Mansfield Tire & Rubber Company, he was credited with developing a "run flat" tire that allowed military combat vehicles to run at high speed even after being punctured by bullets or shellfire.

Politics and government
The Polynesian Panther Party was founded in Auckland by six young Pacific Islanders. The group included Samoans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, and a few Māori. Many were university students.

Baseball
The Montreal Expos traded infielder Jimy Williams to the New York Mets for infielder Tony Canzano. Mr. Williams had played in 43 games for the Winnipeg Whips of the AAA International League, but had been suspended for a week. Mr. Canzano had played in 19 games with the Tidewater Tides of the International League. Mr. Williams was assigned to Tidewater, Mr. Canzano to Winnipeg.

Bill Stoneman (9-4) allowed just 1 hit--a single by Cito Gaston with 1 out in the 7th inning--and singled home Clyde Mashore with the second run of a 2-run 5th inning as the Montreal Expos shut out the San Diego Padres 2-0 before 23,623 fans at Jarry Park in Montreal. Mr. Stoneman struck out 14 batters and walked just 1. Losing pitcher Dave Roberts (5-6) allowed 8 hits in a complete game.

Pete Rose led off the game with a single, advanced to second base on a ground out by Hal McRae, and scored on a single by Lee May for the game's only run as the Cincinnati Reds edged the St. Louis Cardinals 1-0 before 19,232 fans at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis. Don Gullett (7-2) pitched a 4-hitter to outduel Al Santorini (0-3), who allowed 6 hits in 8 innings.

After Rod Carew tripled to lead off the top of the 9th inning, Cesar Tovar singled him home and eventually scored on a sacrifice fly by Rich Reese as the Minnesota Twins broke a 1-1 tie and held on to defeat the Cleveland Indians 2-1 before 6,220 fans at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. The Indians scored a run in the bottom of the 9th and had runners on first and second bases with 1 out, but Stan Williams relieved Tom Hall (3-4) and retired pinch hitter Frank Baker on a popup to second base and Ray Fosse on a fly ball to left field to end the game.

Ed Brinkman scored Cesar Gutierrez with a sacrifice fly and Aurelio Rodriguez scored Gates Brown with a sacrifice bunt as the Detroit Tigers scored 2 runs in the bottom of the 8th inning to offset the go-ahead run in the top of the 8th and defeated the Chicago White Sox 6-5 before 18,799 fans at Tiger Stadium. Walt Williams doubled with 2 out in the 9th, but pinch hitter Lee Richard flied out to right field to end the game.

The Oakland Athletics hit 5 solo home runs and Vida Blue (14-2) pitched a 6-hitter with 8 strikeouts as the Athletics beat the Washington Senators 5-1 before 19,893 fans at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. Mike Epstein hit home runs his first 2 times at bat, giving him a record-tying 4 straight over 2 games. Joe Rudi also homered in his first 2 at bats, and Dave Duncan hit the other Oakland home run. The homers were the only hits against Denny McLain (4-12), who lasted just 3 innings. Washington second baseman Lenny Randle batted 1 for 4 and made 3 assists in his first major league game.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Medley--Stars on 45 (3rd week at #1)
2 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
3 Sukiyaki--A Taste of Honey
4 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison
5 Nobody Wins--Elton John
6 Take it on the Run--REO Speedwagon
7 I Love You--Climax Blues Band
8 This Little Girl--Gary U.S. Bonds
9 Another One Rides the Bus--"Weird Al" Yankovic
10 Winning--Santana

Singles entering the chart were Modern Girl by Sheena Easton (#14); A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do) by Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio (#16); The One that You Love by Air Supply (#19); and She Wants to Know by Lisa Dal Bello (#20).

Died on this date
Hal Block, 67. U.S. comedian and writer. Mr. Block was one of the top comedy writers of the 1940s, working with Bob Hope, Abbott, and Costello, and many others, achieving success in radio and Broadway, and making major contributions to United Services Overseas (USO) tours during World War II. He was a regular panelist on the television quiz show What's My Line? (1950-1953), but his style of humour clashed with others on the show, and he ignored warnings about his behaviour, resulting in his dismissal. Mr. Block's career in entertainment gradually declined over the next few years, and by 1960 he was working in the investment business. He died two months after being severely burned in a fire in his apartment.

Americana
U.S. President Ronald Reagan awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to Ken Taylor, Canada's former Ambassador to Iran, for helping six Americans escape from Iran during the hostage crisis of 1979–1981; he was the first foreign citizen bestowed the honour.

Business
Chicago Cubs' owner Bill Wrigley announced his plan to sell the National League baseball team to the Chicago Tribune Company for $20.5 million, ending 65 years of ownership of the Cubs by the Wrigley family.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Saskatchewan (1-2) 1 @ Edmonton (3-0) 17

25 years ago
1986

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Saskatchewan (0-2) 18 @ Edmonton (1-1) 34

Baseball
The Baltimore Orioles traded pitcher Dennis Martinez, who had been with the team since 1976, to the Montreal Expos for a player to be named later. In 1986 Mr. Martinez was 0-0 in 4 games with an earned run average of 6.75. Minor league player Rene Gonzalez was the player sent to the Orioles after the season.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): I'll Do 4 U--Father MC featuring Mary J. Blige (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Ring Ring Ring (Ha Ha Hey)--De La Soul

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in his Kiss)--Cher
2 Jesus Loves You--Bow Down Mister
3 Joyride--Roxette
4 How to Dance--Bingoboys featuring Princessa
5 Bobby Brown--Frank Zappa
6 Secret Love--Bee Gees
7 Wind of Change--Scorpions
8 The One and Only--Chesney Hawkes
9 Last Train to Trancentral--The KLF
10 Blue System--Lucifer

Singles entering the chart were Last Train to Trancentral; and Ring Ring Ring (Ha Ha Hey) by De La Soul (#20).

Died on this date
Lanny Harris, 51. U.S. baseball umpire. Mr. Harris came to the National League as a replacement umpire during the strike of regular umpires in 1979, and worked 851 games until he was fired after the 1985 season. He died of a brain tumour.

Leslie Mahaffy, 14. Canadian murder victim. Miss Mahaffy was a Grade 9 student at M.M. Robinson High School in Burlington, Ontario. She was kidnapped by Paul Bernardo, and strangled to death after 24 hours of rape and abuse by Mr. Bernardo and Karla Homolka.

Diplomacy
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney held a joint news conference in Deidesheim, Germany with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Mr. Mulroney wanted more aid to the U.S.S.R., and expressed concern over the possibility of Québec separatiing from Canada.

Golf
Payne Stewart and Scott Simpson were tied for the lead after four rounds of the U.S. Open at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Chaska, Minnesota, necessitating an 18-hole playoff round the following day.



Baseball
Otis Nixon of the Atlanta Braves stole 6 bases to tie the major league single-game record of Eddie Collins, who had done it twice in 1912. The Braves lost 7-6 to the Montreal Expos.

The Cincinnati Reds scored a run in the 8th inning and 2 unearned runs in the 9th to defeat the Philadelphia Phillies 8-6 before 41,905 fans at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia.

The Baltimore Orioles scored 5 runs in the top of the 7th inning to break an 8-8 tie as they defeated the Toronto Blue Jays 13-8 before 50,273 fans at SkyDome in Toronto.

Tom Bolton (6-4) and Jeff Reardon combined for a 6-hit shutout to win the pitching matchup over Kirk McCaskill as the Boston Red Sox defeated the California Angels 2-0 before 32,433 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Mr. McCaskill allowed 7 hits and 2 earned runs in 8 innings in pitching a complete game. Boston third baseman Wade Boggs singled home both runs in the 5th inning.

The Minnesota Twins scored 2 runs in the top of the 10th inning to defeat the Cleveland Indians 4-2 before 20,725 fans at Cleveland Stadium.

The Kansas City Royals scored 8 runs in the top of the 2nd inning as they beat the Chicago White Sox 9-4 before 42,074 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago.

Greg Vaughn hit a grand slam with none out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Milwaukee Brewers an 11-7 win over the Oakland Athletics before 28,774 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee.

Steve Buechele doubled to lead off the bottom of the 15th inning and scored on a 1-out double by Mario Diaz to give the Texas Rangers a 4-3 win over the New York Yankees before 37,691 fans at Arlington Stadium.

10 years ago
2001

Edmontonia
The Hope Foundation of Alberta, where this blogger was employed as the librarian, held its fund-raising event known as the "Mega Auction" at the Universiade Pavillion. Unfortunately, attendance was low and the foundation barely broke even. It seemed like a good idea at the time.

Baseball
The University of Miami Hurricanes routed the Stanford University Cardinal 12-1 to win the College World Series at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha. Miami's Charlton Jimerson, a 5th-round draft choice of the Houston Astros, was voted the series' most valuable player.

June 15, 2011

670 years ago
1341

Died on this date
Andronikos III, 44. Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, 1328-1341. Andronikos III acceded to the throne after the deposition of his grandfather Andronikos II. Andronikos III achieved mixed results in wars, but succeeded in implementing judicial reforms. His death may have been from chronic malaria, and he was succeeded by his 9-year-old son John V.

630 years ago
1381

Died on this date
Wat Tyler, 40 (?). English rebel. Mr. Tyler led the Peasants' Revolt march of rebels from Canterbury to London to oppose the institution of a poll tax and to demand economic and social reforms. He and King Richard II began negotiations, but officers loyal to the king took exception to Mr. Tyler's manners, and the rebel leader was stabbed and eventually publicly decapitated. The rebels were driven from London, and King Richard withdrew all the concessions he'd made.

John Cavendish, 35. English judge. Sir John was appointed as a Justice of the Common Pleas in 1371 and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in 1372. He was murdered by rebels at Bury St. Edmonds during the Peasants' Revolt.

200 years ago
1811

War
John Jacob Astor's ship Tonquin was attacked by local Tla-o-qui-aht (Nootka) Indians on Vancouver Island, who killed the sailors and destroyed the ship the next day, ending the New York fur trader's hopes for northwest coast trade in competition with the North West Company.

175 years ago
1836

Americana
Arkansas entered the union as the 25th state.

150 years ago
1861

Born on this date
Ernestine Schumann-Heink. German-born singer. Mrs. Schumann-Heink was an operatic contralto who had an international career spanning more than 50 years, and was especially known for her performances of the works of Richard Wagner. She became an American citizen in 1905, and began hosting a weekly radio program in 1926. Mrs. Schumann-Heink died of leukemia on November 17, 1936 at the age of 75.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Kesago Nakajima. Japanese military officer. Lieutenant General Nakajima was Operational Commander in the Battle of Nanjing in 1937 and was implicated in what was known at the time as the "Rape of Nanking." He retired from the Imperial Japanese Army in 1939 and died of illness on October 28, 1945 at the age of 64.

125 years ago
1886

Politics and government
Voting concluded in the Nova Scotia provincial election, as Premier William Fielding led his Liberal Party to a a third consecutive majority government, on a pledge to remove Nova Scotia from Confederation. The Liberals captured 28 of 38 seats in the House of Assembly, an increase of 4 from the 1882 election. The Conservatives, led by Adam Carr Bell, won the remaining 10 seats, down 4 from 1882. The Liberals took 54.7% of the popular vote to 28.6% for the Conservatives.

120 years ago
1891

Politics and government
Sir John Abbott was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada and President of the Council after being chosen leader of Conservative Party, nine days after Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's death. Sir John was the first Prime Minister to assume the office while sitting in the Senate.

100 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Wilbert Awdry. U.K. author. Rev. Awdry, an Anglican priest, was known for The Railway Series of 26 children's books (1945-1972), featuring Thomas the Tank Engine He died on March 21, 1997 at the age of 85.

80 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Adventure of the Abbey Grange

This was the last episode of the season.

75 years ago
1936

At the movies
Trapped by Television, directed by Del Lord, and starring Mary Astor, Lyle Talbot, and Nat Pendleton, opened in theatres.



Defense
The prototype of the British bomber Vickers Wellington, piloted by Joseph Summers, made its first flight, from Brooklands aerodrome in Surrey.

70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Evelyn Underhill, 65. U.K. authoress. Miss Underhill was an Anglo-Catholic mystic who has been credited as the person most responsible for introducing forgotten and neglected medieval Roman Catholic authors to a Protestant audience. Her best-known book was Mysticism: A Study of the Nature and Development of Man's Spiritual Consciousness (1911).

War
Allied forces captured the Lebanese port of Saida and Abu Kemal in the interior after French forces withdrew. British forces began an offensive against Axis forces along the Egyptian-Libyan border. Neutral diplomats in Ankara said that a German attack on Russia was inevitable unless the U.S.S.R. agreed to help feed Nazi-occupied countries.

Defense
Croatia joined the Axis when its leader, Ante Pavelitch, signed the Tripartite Pact in Vienna. Finland called up reservists for "military exercises." Reportes from San Jose, Costa Rica stated that Guatemela, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Honduras had agreed to inform Germany that they endorsed U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's May 27 speech in which he proclaimed that "an unlimited national emergency confronts this country, which requires that its military, naval, air and civilian defenses be put on the basis of readiness to repel any and all acts or threats of aggression directed toward any part of the Western Hemisphere."

Labour
U.S. President Roosevelt criticized discrimination against workers in defense industries solely because of race, religion, or national origin, and asked the Office of Production Management to deal with the situation. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations machinists striking San Francisco shipyards voted to continue their five-week strike. Representatives of 50,000 CIO Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers members voted in Camden, New Jersey to accept a two-year, no-strike agreement proposed by the U.S. Office of Production Management. The U.S. Labor Department ruled that commercial establishments must show that 75% of their sales wer retail in order to qualify for exemption from the Wage-Hour Law.

60 years ago
1951

Died on this date
John Uhrich, 74. Canadian physician and politician. Dr. Uhrich, a native of Formosa, Ontario, began a medical practice in Hague, Saskatchewan in 1909. A Liberal, he represented Rosthern in the Saskatchewan Legislative Assembly (1921-1944), and held several cabinet posts, most notably Minister of Public Health (1923-1929, 1934-1944), overseeing increased government operation of hospitals and immunization programs. Dr. Uhrich retired from electoral politics in 1944; he was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan in 1948, and died in office, eight days after his 74th birthday. Dr. Uhrich was succeeded as Lieutenant Governor by William John Patterson.

Journalism
The St. Louis Star-Times ceased publication after 67 years, after being bought by the Pulitzer-owned St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Politics and government
The Canadian Parliament amended the Northwest Territories Act to provide for a partly-elective Territorial Council.

Health
Four Metropolitan Life Insurance Company physicians reported to the American Medical Association meeting in Atlantic City, New Jersey that 15 million overweight Americans faced an earlier death than normal Americans.

Economics and finance
The U.S. National Security Council suspended the ban on economic aid to nations shipping strategic materials to Soviet bloc states.

U.S. President Harry Truman signed a bill authorizing a $190-million loan to India for famine relief.

Labour
Mexico informed the United States that contracting for Mexican work on U.S. farms would end on June 30 when the U.S.-Mexican migratory labour agreement expired.

60,000 members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations National Maritime Union, Marine Engineers Beneficial Association, and American Radio Association struck at East Coast and Gulf Coast as their contracts expired, tying up most harbour contracts.

Disasters
35 elderly residents died in a fire at l'Hospice Ste-Cunégond in Montréal.

Boxing
Former world heavyweight champion Joe Louis (64-2) knocked out Lee Savold (96-37-3) at 2:29 of the 6th round at Madison Square Garden in New York. Going into the fight, Mr. Savold, an American, had been recognized as world heavyweight champion by the British Boxing Board of Control. After this fight, the BBBC joined other ruling bodies in recognizing Ezzard Charles as world heavyweight champion.



Baseball
Just before the Brooklyn Dodgers were to play the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field in Chicago, the teams completed an eight-player trade. The Cubs traded outfielder Andy Pafko (batting .284 with 12 home runs and 35 runs batted in in 49 games in 1951); catcher Rube Walker (.234 with 2 home runs and 5 RBIs in 37 games); second baseman Wayne Terwilliger (.214 with no homers and 10 RBIs in 50 games); and pitcher Johnny Schmitz (1-2 in 8 games) for infielder Eddie Miksis (.200 with no homers and no RBIs in 19 games with the Dodgers in 1951); catcher Bruce Edwards (.250 with 1 home run and 8 RBIs in 17 games); outfielder Gene Hermanski (.250 with 1 home run and 5 RBIs in 31 games); and pitcher Joe Hatten (1-0 in 11 games).

The Pittsburgh Pirates traded pitcher Cliff Chambers (3-6 in 10 games in 1951—including a no-hitter on May 6) and outfielder Wally Westlake (.282 with 16 home runs and 45 RBIs) to the St. Louis Cardinals for catcher Joe Garagiola (.194 with 2 home runs and 9 RBIs in 27 games); second baseman Dick Cole (.194 with no homers and 3 RBIs in 15 games); outfielder Bill Howerton (.262 with 1 home run and 4 RBIs in 24 games); pitcher Ted Wilks (0-0 with 1 save in 17 games); and pitcher Howie Pollett (0-3 in 6 games).

The New York Yankees traded pitcher Tommy Byrne (2-1 in 9 games with the Yankees in 1951) and $25,000 to the St. Louis Browns for pitcher Stubby Overmire (1-6 in 8 games). The Yankees also traded righthanded pitchers Bob Porterfield (0-0 in 2 games); Fred Sanford (0-3 in 11 games); and Tom Ferrick (1-1 in 9 games) to the Washington Nationals for lefthanded pitcher Bob Kuzava (3-3 in 8 games).

Don Newcombe (7-4) pitched an 8-hitter to outduel Paul Minner (3-5), who allowed 11 hits in a complete game, and singled home Carl Furillo with the winning run in a 2-run 6th-inning rally as the Brooklyn Dodgers edged the Chicago Cubs 2-1 before 11,389 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago.

Wes Westrum drove in 6 runs with a grand slam and a 2-run home run to help the New York Giants defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates 11-6 before 22,746 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. Jim Hearn (6-3) pitched an 11-hit complete game victory, allowing 3 earned runs.

Vic Raschi (10-3) pitched a 3-hitter to outduel Hal Newhouser (5-5) and Fred Hutchinson as the New York Yankees shut out the Detroit Tigers 2-0 before 43,804 fans at Yankee Stadium. Phil Rizzuto scored the winning run in the bottom of the 1st inning when he singled with 1 out, advanced to third base on a single by Hank Bauer, and scored when Jackie Jensen grounded into a force play.

Elmer Valo drew a base on balls with 2 out in the bottom of the 11th inning and scored when Gus Zernial followed with a double to left field, and catcher Gus Niarhos dropped the throw, giving the Philadelphia Athletics a 4-3 win over the Chicago White Sox in the first game of a doubleheader before 13,161 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. Bob Hooper (2-4) pitched a 6-hit complete game to outduel Saul Rogovin (5-5), who allowed 10 hits and 3 earned runs, and was ejected by home plate umpire Charlie Berry at the conclusion of the game for arguing that Mr. Valo was out at home plate on the game-ending play. Mr. Zernial hit a grand slam in the bottom of the 1st inning to help the Athletics win 12-5 to complete the sweep, with Bobby Shantz (5-4) pitching an 11-hit complete game victory.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Runaway--Del Shannon

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Surrender--Elvis Presley (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Peyami Safa, 62. Turkish writer. Mr. Safa was a journalist and novelist of conservative and nationalist views. His novels included Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu (The Ninth External Ward) (1930).

Giulio Cabianca, 38. Italian auto racing driver. Mr. Cabianca participated in four Formula One races from 1958-1960, with a best finish of 4th in the 1960 Italian Grand Prix. He was killed during a test drive at the Modena Autodrome when a stuck throttle resulted in his car going off the track, through the open gate of the autodrome, and across the street, killing two other people in addition to Mr. Cabianca.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): Funny Funny--The Sweet

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep--Middle of the Road (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Wendell M. Stanley, 66. U.S. biochemist and virologist. Dr. Stanley worked with the National Research Council and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research before becoming a Professor of Biochemistry at the University of California, where he built the Virus Laboratory. He and John H. Northrop were awarded a share of the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form."

Protest
Opposition was growing to British Education Secretary Margaret Thatcher’s plan to end the provision of free milk in school for children over the age of 7.

Baseball
The St. Louis Cardinals traded pitcher Mike Torrez to the Montreal Expos for pitcher Bob Reynolds. Mr. Torrez was 1-2 with an earned run average of 6.75 in 9 games with St. Louis in 1971, batting .143 wit 1 run batted in, and was assigned by the Expos to the Winnipeg Whips of the AAA International League. Mr. Reynolds was 4-2 with a 2.07 ERA and 4 saves in 20 games with Winnipeg in 1971, and was batting .125 with 1 RBI.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Natsu no Tobira--Seiko Matsuda (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Stars on 45--Stars on 45

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Medley--Stars on 45 (4th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Making Your Mind Up--Bucks Fizz (5th week at #1)
2 Video Life--Bilgeri
3 Stars on 45--Stars on 45
4 Per Elisa--Alice
5 In the Air Tonight--Phil Collins
6 Hands Up (Give Me Your Heart)--Ottawan
7 Jealous Guy--Roxy Music
8 Fade to Grey--Visage
9 Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre
10 9 to 5--Dolly Parton

Singles entering the chart were Hands Up (Give Me Your Heart); Running Scared by the Fools (#14); Mister Sandman by Emmylou Harris (#15); Watching the Wheels by John Lennon (#17); and Stop 'n' Go by Peter Kent (#18).

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Sailing Away--All of Us

#1 single in Switzerland: Touch Me (I Want Your Body)--Samantha Fox

Golf
Ray Floyd won the U.S. Open at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in Shinnecock Hills, New York with a 1-under-par score of 279, one stroke ahead of Chip Beck and Lanny Wadkins. First prize money was $115,000.



20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): The Grease Megamix--Olivia Newton-John and John Travolta (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Anata ni aete yokatta--Kyoko Koizumi (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Let There Be Love--Simple Minds

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): El 7 de Septiembre--Mecano (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Last Train To Trancentral--The KLF (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Senza una donna--Zucchero & Paul Young

#1 single in France (SNEP): Désenchantée--Mylène Farmer (8th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): I Wanna Sex You Up--Color Me Badd (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Wind of Change--Scorpions (3rd week at #1)
2 Last Train To Trancentral (Live from the Lost Continent)--The KLF
3 Senza Una Donna (Without a Woman)--Zucchero & Paul Young
4 Gypsy Woman (La Da Dee La Da Da)--Crystal Waters
5 Anasthasia--T99
6 Ring Ring Ring (Ha Ha Hey)--De La Soul
7 Strike it Up--Black Box
8 Just a Groove--Nomad
9 Fading Like A Flower (Every Time You Leave)--Roxette
10 No Coke--Dr. Alban

Singles entering the chart were I Wanna Sex You Up by Color Me Badd (#25); Shiny Happy People by R.E.M. (#28); Sedalia by Cees Tol & Thomas Tol (#31); Silent Lucidity by Queensrÿche (#32); Cold Slammin' by King Bee (#33); Blauw by the Scene (#34); and Touch Me (All Night Long) by Cathy Dennis (#35).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
2 I Wanna Sex You Up--Color Me Badd
3 More than Words--Extreme
4 Love is a Wonderful Thing--Michael Bolton
5 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.
6 I Don't Wanna Cry--Mariah Carey
7 Unbelievable--EMF
8 Power of Love/Love Power--Luther Vandross
9 Strike it Up--Black Box
10 I Like the Way (The Kissing Game)--Hi-Five

Singles entering the chart were Every Heartbeat by Amy Grant (#53); Fading Like a Flower (Every Time You Leave) by Roxette (#59); Motownphilly by Boyz II Men (#63); Summertime by D.J. Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince (#85); Your Love by Keith Sweat (#91); Summer Vacation by the Party (#96); and Love Gets Rough by Troy Newman (#97).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 More than Words—Extreme (2nd week at #1)
2 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
3 Love is a Wonderful Thing--Michael Bolton
4 I Wanna Sex You Up—Color Me Badd
5 I Don’t Wanna Cry--Mariah Carey
6 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.
7 Unbelievable—EMF
8 Couple Days Off—Huey Lewis and the News
9 Power of Love/Love Power—Luther Vandross
10 I Like the Way (The Kissing Game)--High-Five

Singles entering the chart were Fading Like a Flower (Every Time You Leave) by Roxette (#38); Love and Understanding by Cher (#51); Every Heartbeat by Amy Grant (#70); Move Right Out by Rick Astley (#84); Your Love (Part 2) by Keith Sweat (#87); and Only a Heartbeat by T’Pau (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 More than Words—Extreme (2nd week at #1)
2 Love is a Wonderful Thing--Michael Bolton
3 I Don’t Wanna Cry--Mariah Carey
4 Rhythm of My Heart--Rod Stewart
5 Couple Days Off—Huey Lewis and the News
6 Baby Baby--Amy Grant
7 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.
8 Rush Rush—Paula Abdul
9 Silent Lucidity--Queensryche
10 Walking in Memphis—Marc Cohn

Singles entering the chart were The Rhythm of Your Love by Glass Tiger (#33); Weight of the World by Young Saints (#64); Everybody Gets a Second Chance by Mike + the Mechanics (#85); It Ain’t Over ‘Til it’s Over by Lenny Kravitz (#87); Conductin’ Thangs by Maestro Fresh Wes (#89); Dis Moi, Dis Moi by Mitsou (#92); Move Right Out by Rick Astley (#94); and Love and Understanding by Cher (#95).

Died on this date
Albert “Happy” Chandler, 92. U.S. politician. Mr. Chandler, a Democrat, represented the 22nd District in the Kentucky Senate (1929-1931) was Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky (1931-1935); Governor of Kentucky (1935-1939, 1955-1959), and represented Kentucky in the United States Senate 1939-1945). He succeeded the late Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis as Commissioner of Baseball (1945-1951), and is best remembered for presiding over the integration of Negroes into professional baseball against the opposition of most of the major league owners, which has been offered as the main explanation for why his contract as commissioner wasn’t renewed after it expired. Mr. Chandler was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982, and died 29 days before his 93rd birthday.

Arthur Lewis, 76. Saint Lucian economist. Sir Arthur shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences with Theodore Schultz "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."

Politics and government
Lucien Bouchard, former Minister of the Environment in the Progressive Conservative government of Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, officially founded a new independent party, the Bloc Québécois. Mr. Bouchard had resigned from the cabinet and Progressive Conservative Party May 21, 1990 to protest failure of the Meech Lake constitutional Accord.

Dennis Cochrane was elected Leader of the New Brunswick Progressive Conservative Party, receiving 955 votes to 166 for Bev Lawrence. He replaced Barbara Filliter, who resigned after 17 months in the position.

Disasters
In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupted in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century, eventually resulting in the deaths of over 800 people.

10 years ago
2001

Diplomacy
Leaders of the People's Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

Basketball
NBA
Finals
Los Angeles Lakers 108 @ Philadelphia 96 (Los Angeles won best-of-seven series 4-1)

Shaquille O'Neal scored 29 points and grabbed 13 rebounds, while Kobe Bryant added 26 points and 12 rebounds to help the Lakers defeat the 76ers before 20,900 fans at First Union Center for their second straight championship. Allen Iverson led Philadelphia scorers with 37 points. Mr. O'Neal was named the Finals' Most Valuable Player.

June 14, 2011

850 years ago
1161

Died on this date
Qinzong, 61. Emperor of China, 1126-1127. Qinzong, born Zhao Huan, acceded to the throne upon the forced abdication of his father Huizong, but was unsuccessful in attempting to resist an invasion by Jin forces, and was thus the last emperor of the Song dynasty. Qinzong was deposed and taken prisoner, although some restrictions were eased in later years. Qinzong died 22 days after his 61st birthday.

630 years ago
1381

Died on this date
Simon Sudbury, 64-65 (?). English clergyman. Mr. Sudbury was a chaplain of Pope Innocent VI, and was Bishop of London (1361-1375) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1375-1381), as well as Lord Chancellor of England (1380-1381). In the latter position he was regarded by rebellious peasants as a major enemy, especially after introducing the third poll tax. The insurgents seized Mr. Sudbury from the Tower of London, dragged him to Tower Hill, and beheaded him after seven or eight blows to his neck. Mr. Sudbury's body was buried at Canterbury Cathedral, while his head is at the church of St Gregory at Sudbury, Suffolk. He was succeeded as Archbishop of Canterbury by William Courtenay, and as Lord Chancellor by Hugh Segrave.

Protest
King Richard II of England met leaders of the Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London was stormed by rebels who entered without resistance.

320 years ago
1691

Born on this date
Jan Francisci. Slovak musician and composer. Mr. Francisci was a church organist in Pressburg (now Bratislava) and Neusohl in what is now Slovakia. He wrote works for organ and harpsichord, most of which have been lost. Mr. Francisci died on April 27, 1758 at the age of 66.

210 years ago
1801

Born on this date
Heber C. Kimball. U.S. religious leader. Mr. Kimball was one of the early leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from 1835-1847 and First Counselor in the First Presidency from 1847 until his death on June 22, 1868 from the results of a carriage accident, eight days after his 67th birthday. He embraced the Mormon practice of polygamy, and had 43 wives, although many were said to be strictly caretaking arrangements. Mr. Kimball fathered 66 children by 17 of his wives.

Died on this date
Benedict Arnold, 60. American-born military officer. Major General Arnold served with distinction in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War from 1775-1780, earning the admiration of George Washington. Maj. Gen. Arnold resented that he was passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress; he married Peggy Shippen, who had Loyalist sympathies, in 1779, and began secretly communicating with British representatives. Gen. Washington placed Maj. Gen. Arnold in command of West Point, New York on August 3, 1780, and began preparations to hand the fort over to British forces. The plot was foiled on September 23 when British spy Major John André was captured by American militiamen. Maj. Gen. Arnold found out the next day and managed to escape to the British side, where he was commissioned as a brigadier general, serving in the war until the British surrendered in 1781. He went to England after the war, but was unsuccessful in advancing his career, and moved to Saint John, New Brunswick in 1785. Brig. Gen. Arnold specualted in land and established a business trading with the West Indies, but was involved in legal disputes with his neighbours in New Brunswick, and returned to London in December 1791. He suffered from gout and the lingering effects of wounds suffered in the Revolutionary War, and died in London.

200 years ago
1811

Born on this date
Harriet Beecher Stowe. U.S. authoress. Mrs. Stowe, the daughter of Presbyterian minister Lyman Beecher and brother of clergyman Henry Ward Beecher, wrote 30 books of fiction and non-fiction, and was best known for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1851-1852), which also became a play, and helped to energize the anti-slavery movement in the northern United States. She moved to Jacksonville, Florida after the American Civil War, and died of what may have been Alzheimer's disease on July 1, 1896, 17 days after her 85th birthday.

190 years ago
1821

War
Badi VII, King of Sennar, surrendered his throne and realm to the invading forces of Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of the Sudanese kingdom.

170 years ago
1841

Politics and government
Canadian Governor Lord Sydenham opened the first session of the first Parliament of the Province of Canada at Kingston. Robert Baldwin resigned from the Ministry over the lack of French Canadians and Reformers in the Councils of government; Reformers held the majority in the Assembly.

160 years ago
1851

Communications
The Canadian post office issued a 12-penny Queen Victoria stamp; it was part of a series with Sandford Fleming's 3-pence Beaver stamp and a 6-penny Prince Albert stamp as the first postage stamp issue of the Province of Canada.

100 years ago
1911

Politics and government
Premier George Murray led his governing Liberal Party to its fourth consecutive victory in the Nova Scotia provincial election. The Liberals took 32 of 38 seats in the House of Assembly; the leaderless Conservatives won 4 seats, and 2 independent candidates were elected.

75 years ago
1936

Died on this date
G. K. Chesterton, 62. U.K. author. Gilbert Keith Chesterton was a man of letters who wrote fiction and non-fiction on various subjects, including politics, religion, art, and literature. He converted from high church Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism in 1922, and wrote short stories featuring the fictional detective Father Brown. Mr. Chesterton's best-known non-fiction book may have been Orthodoxy (1908), a defense of traditional Christian beliefs. He died of congestive heart failure.

Baseball
The New York Yankees traded outfielder Ben Chapman to the Washington Nationals for outfielder Jake Powell. Mr. Chapman had been the Yankees' regular center fielder since 1930, but manager Joe McCarthy felt that rookie Joe DiMaggio, who had been playing in left and right fields, was ready to move to center field. Mr. Chapman was batting .266 with 1 home run and 21 runs batted in in 36 games with New York in 1936. Mr. Powell, who had--apparently deliberately--broken the wrist of Detroit Tigers' first baseman Hank Greenberg in a collision at first base early in the season, was batting .290 with 1 homer and 30 RBIs in 53 games with Washington in 1936. He became the Yankees' regular left fielder.

70 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): María Elena--Jimmy Dorsey and his Orchestra with Bob Eberly

Movies
The City Council of Buenos Aires voted to permit the showing of Charlie Chaplin's film The Great Dictator (1940), after it had been banned for six months at the request of the Italian Ambassador to Argentina.

War
The Soviet news agency Tass belittled rumours in the Western press of a war between the U.S.S.R. and Germany as an "obvious absurdity...a clumsy propaganda maneuver of the forces arrayed against the Soviet Union and Germany." German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler, in a meeting in Berlin, outlined to his generals the final secret plan for the invasion of Russia, and ordered them to use "brutal means" against the Communists.

Abominations
The first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians began.

Defense
A Gallup Poll reported that 55% of Americans questioned after U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's May 27 speech said that they approved of naval convoys for ships carrying war materials to the United Kingdom.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Roosevelt issued an executive order freezing U.S. assets of Germany and Italy.

60 years ago
1951

At the movies
The Man with My Face, directed by Edward Montagne, and starring Barry Nelson, Carole Mathews, and Lynn Ainley, opened in theatres.



Ace in the Hole, produced, directed, and co-written by Billy Wilder, and starring Kirk Douglas, Jan Sterling, Bob Arthur, and Porter Hall, received its premiere screening in Albuquerque.



On television today
An American Medical Association meeting in Atlantic City witnessed the first televised human birth, presented on closed circuit.

War
Communist shore batteries hit the U.S. Navy minesweeper USS Thomson off the Korean east coast,killing three sailors.

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy (Republican--Wisconsin), in a Senate speech, denounced Secretary of State George Marshall and Mr. Marshall's predecessor, Dean Acheson, indirectly accusing both men of plotting to weaken the United States for eventual conquest by the U.S.S.R.

Technology
UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer, was dedicated, after being delivered to the United States Census Bureau on March 31. UNIVAC was short for UNIVersal Automatic Computer.

Crime
An all-white jury in Trenton, New Jersey convicted Negroes Collis English and Ralph Cooper of killing a shopkeeper in a 1948 robbery, ending a four-month trial that had attracted national attention. Both were sentenced to life imprisonment.

Oil
Iranian government officials met with representatives of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company on implementation of Iran's oil nationalization program.

Economics and finance
Warning that "controls are absolutely necessary for the next two years no matter what happens in Korea," U.S. President Harry Truman told the nation in a broadcast that prices would "go through the roof" unless Congress passed new control laws.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Too Young to Be Married--The Hollies

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Mata Au Hi Made--Kiyohiko Ozaki (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Qué Será (Che Sará)--José Feliciano (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Carlos P. Garcia, 74. 8th President of the Philippines, 1957-1961; Vice President of the Philippines, 1953-1957. Mr. Garcia, a member of the Nacionalista Party, represented Bohol's 3rd District in the Philippine House of Representatives (1925-1931) and served as Governor of Bohol (1933-1941); Senator of the Philipines (1945-1953); and Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1953-1957). He refused to cooperate with occupying Japanese forces during World War II, and participated in guerrilla activities. Mr. Garcia acceded to the presidency upon the death of President Ramon Magsaysay in March 1957, and was elected in his own right eight months later. He was known for his opposition to Communism and for his austerity program and Filipino First economic policy, favouring Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. Mr. Garcia was defeated in his bid for re-election in 1961, and retired from public life. On June 1, 1971, he was elected President of the 1971 Constitutional Convention, but died of a heart attack just 13 days later.

Politics and government
The governments of Canada and the provinces started a four-day federal-provincial conference in Victoria.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Morning Train (9 to 5)--Sheena Easton

#1 single in Switzerland: Stars on 45--Stars on 45 (4th week at #1)

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Live to Tell--Madonna (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): J'aimie Le Vie--Sandra Kim (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Wonderful World--Sam Cooke (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Spirit in the Sky--Doctor and the Medics

#1 single in the U.K.: Spirit in the Sky--Doctor and the Medics (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): On My Own--Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 On My Own--Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald
2 Live to Tell--Madonna
3 I Can’t Wait--Nu Shooz
4 Greatest Love of All--Whitney Houston
5 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)—Billy Ocean
6 Why Can’t This Be Love--Van Halen
7 West End Girls--Pet Shop Boys
8 Something About You—Level 42
9 A Different Corner—George Michael
10 No One is to Blame—Howard Jones

Singles entering the chart were Sweet Freedom by Michael McDonald (#77); Higher Love by Steve Winwood (#78); Voice of America's Sons by John Cafferty and the Beaver Brown Band (#80); Hanging on a Heart Attack by Device (#85); Rumors by Timex Social Club (#86); Jungle Boy by John Eddie (#87); Land of La La by Stevie Wonder (#88); In the Shape of a Heart by Jackson Browne (#89); and With You All the Way by New Edition (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 A Different Corner—George Michael
2 Live to Tell--Madonna
3 Greatest Love of All--Whitney Houston
4 On My Own—Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald
5 The Power of Love--Jennifer Rush
6 What Have You Done for Me Lately--Janet Jackson
7 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red
8 West End Girls--Pet Shop Boys
9 If You Leave--Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
10 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)—Billy Ocean

Singles entering the chart were Opportunities by Pet Shop Boys (#88); Modern Woman by Billy Joel (#89); Patio Lanterns by Kim Mitchell (#94); In the Shape of a Heart by Jackson Browne (#96); Secret Separation by the Fixx (#87); Right Beside You by Billy Newton-Davis (#98); and Is Your Love Strong Enough by Bryan Ferry (#99).

Died on this date
Jorge Luis Borges, 86. Argentine author and poet. Mr. Borges was best known for short stories and novels that influenced the genre of "magical realism." He became internationally famous after his works begam to be translated from Spanish into English in the early 1960s.

Alan Jay Lerner, 67. U.S. songwriter. Mr. Lerner was a lyricist and librettist who was best known for his partnership with Frederick Loewe on musical plays such as Brigadoon (1947); My Fair Lady (1956); and Camelot (1960). He won three Academy Awards and three Tony Awards. Mr. Lerner died of lung cancer.

Disasters
Three people were killed and a fourth seriously injured in an accident on the Mindbender roller coaster at West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton.

Boxing
Willie de Wit (12-0-1) won the Canadian heavyweight title with a 12-round unanimous decision over defending champion Ken Lakusta (16-9) at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton.

20 years ago
1991

World events
More than 1,000 Kurds besieged a U.S. military base near the northern Iraqi city of Dohuk, pleading with American troops not to withdraw, fearing retaliation from the Iraqi army.

Defense
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said in Berlin that Canada would scale down her military forces in Europe. There were currently 8,000 troops at Lahr and Baden Baden, Germany; 1,400 were to be withdrawn by the end of 1991.

Economics and finance
Canadian Finance Minister Michael Wilson said that the free trade tribunal ruling in favour of Canadian pork exporters proved that the deal worked; the ruling called for the end of the U.S. countervail pork duty, and a $20-million refund to Canada.

Business
A limited partnership made up of several Quebec partners bought the Montreal Expos baseball club from the hands of the team's first owner, Charles Bronfman and his minority partners, Hugh Hallward and Lorne Webster. The cost of the transaction was estimated at $ 100 million.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Gerry Melnyk, 66. Canadian hockey player and scout. Mr. Melnyk, a native of Edmonton, played centre with the Detroit Red Wings (1956, 1959-61); Chicago Black Hawks (1961-62, 1965); and St. Louis Blues (1967-68), scoring 116 points on 39 goals and 77 assists in 269 regular season games and 6 goals and 6 assists in 53 playoff games. He spent most of his career in the minor leagues, with the Edmonton Flyers (1953, 1954-59); Buffalo Bisons (1962-66); and St. Louis Braves (1964, 1966-67). Mr. Melnyk was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers after the 1967-68 season, but suffered a heart attack in training camp in 1968 and was forced to retire. He then began a long career as a scout with the Flyers, and became one of the best scouts in the business, with his recruits including Hall of Fame centre Bobby Clarke. Mr. Melnyk coached the Maine Mariners of the American Hockey League for the last part of the 1981-82 season. He died in Edmonton.

June 13, 2011

630 years ago
1381

Protest
The Peasants' Revolt in England, led by Wat Tyler, came to a head as rebels set fire to the Savoy Palace.

250 years ago
1761

Born on this date
Antonín Vranický. Czech musician and composer. Mr. Vranický was a classical violinist whose compositions included at least three symphonies, chamber music, and instrumental works, many for violin. He died on August 6, 1820 at the age of 59.

180 years ago
1831

Born on this date
James Clerk Maxwell. U.K. physicist. Professor Maxwell was a mathematical physicist whose most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. He is regarded as one of the most influential physicists in history, along with Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. Professor Maxwell came to saving faith in Jesus Christ at an early age, and submitted his faith to rigorous intellectual examination; he remained strong in faith and scholarship until his death from abdominal cancer on November 5, 1879 at the age of 48.

150 years ago
1861

Canadiana
Prince Alfred, 17, the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, arrived at Quebec City aboard the steamer Queen Victoria and was driven to the Governor-General's residence; for the next few days he explored the city, visited Chaudiere Falls and other places of interest, and attended divine service at the Cathedral, before leaving for Montreal on June 17.

140 years ago
1871

Disasters
A hurricane killed 300 people on the Labrador coast.

130 years ago
1886

Disasters
A furious, swift fire starting in a brush clearing west of Vancouver, British Columbia razed the entire city in less than 45 minutes, destroying nearly 1,000 wooden buildings; up to 28 people were killed, and only Hastings Mills and 4 houses were left standing.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Tage Erlander. Prime Minister of Sweden, 1946-1969. Mr. Erlander, a Social Democrat, was first elected to Parliament in 1932, and held several cabinet posts until succeeding Per Albin Hansson as party leader and Prime Minister upon Mr. Hansson's death in 1946. Mr. Erlander implemented welfare state policies while managing to keep taxes low. He built a strong armed forces while maintaning a defense policy of neutrality. Mr. Erlander resigned in October 1969, and was succeeded as Prime Minister by Olaf Palme. Mr. Erlander died of pneumonia and heart failure on June 21, 1985, eight days after his 84th birthday.

100 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Erwin Wilhelm Müller. German physicist. Dr. Müller taught at Technical University in Berlin (1950-1951); Free University of Berlin (1951-1952); and the University of Pennsylvania (1952-1977). He invented the Field Emission Electron Microscope (FEEM), the Field Ion Microscope (FIM), and the Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope. Dr. Müller and his student, Kanwar Bahadur, were the first people to experimentally observe atoms. Dr. Müller died on May 17, 1977, 27 days before his 66th birthday.

Maurice Copeland. U.S. actor. Mr. Copeland appeared in plays and played supporting roles in movies such as Being There (1979); Arthur (1981); and Trading Places (1983). He died on October 3, 1985 at the age of 74.

Luis Walter Alvarez. U.S. physicist. Dr. Alvarez won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonant states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chambers and data analysis." He was also involved in a project to X-ray Egyptian pyramids in a search for unknown chambers; analyzed the Abraham Zapruder film of the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy; and, with his son Walter and others, developed the Alvarez hypothesis that dinosaurs became extinct as the result of an impact by an asteroid. Dr. Alvarez died on September 1, 1988 at the age of 77.

90 years ago
1921

Baseball
Babe Ruth hit 2 home runs and pitched the first 5 innings to pick up the victory as the New York Yankees defeated the Detroit Tigers 13-8 at the Polo Grounds in New York. Mr. Ruth’s second home run travelled 460 feet into the right-center field bleachers, the first ball ever hit there. He gave up 4 runs in his 5 innings on the mound.

80 years ago
1931

At the movies
The first filmed version of The Maltese Falcon, directed by Roy Del Ruth, and starring Ricardo Cortez and Bebe Daniels, opened in theatres.

Protest
Soldiers of Lord Strathcona's Horse were brought to Edmonton to reinforce the police and control unemployed protesters.

Disasters
Dust storms in one week deposited at least 6,000 tons of topsoil blown into Manitoba from drought-stricken Saskatchewan farms.

75 years ago
1936

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Louis Hector and Harry West, on MBS
Tonight’s episode: The Problem of Thor Bridge

80 years ago
1941

At the movies
Man Hunt, directed by Fritz Lang, and starring Walter Pidgeon, Joan Bennett, and George Sanders, opened in theatres in New York City.



Abominations
The Vichy French regime disclosed that at least 12,000 Jews in unoccupied France had been arrested and interned in concentration camps because of the discovery of an alleged "Jewish plot" to hinder Franco-German collaboration.

Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull denounced the "Darlan-Laval group" in Vichy for seeking to "deliver France politically, economically, socially and militarily to Hitler" and for resisting British forces in Syria. U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles charged Germany with violating an international agreement by not assuring the safety of the 35 passengers and crew of the American freighter Robin Moor.

Politics and government
A new coalition cabinet took office in Bolivia.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Office of Production Management disclosed that it would soon begin a nationwide collection of aluminum to avert a threatened shortage.

Labour
American Negro leaders met in New York City with U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, who sought, at President Franklin D. Roosevelt's request, to get the Negro march on Washington for fair employment called off. When this was rejected, President Roosevelt agreed to meet with the Negro leaders.

U.S. President Roosevelt issued an appeal asking unions to refrain from jurisdictional disputes. The White House revealed that American Federation of Labor Teamsters President Daniel Tobin had complained to Mr. Roosevelt that "subversive organizations" were trying to damage his union.

Baseball
Cal Dorsett pitched a 5-hit complete game victory for the Cleveland Indians as they edged the Cincinnati Reds 2-1 before 5,000 fans at Doubleday Field in Cooperstown, New York in the annual Hall of Fame Game, which was called because of rain in the 6th inning.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Mr. Moto, starring James Monks, on NBC (West Coast)
Tonight’s episode: The Kuriloff Papers

Four days later NBC’s east coast stations broadcast the episode as The Bazaloff Papers.

Died on this date
Ben Chifley, 65. Prime Minister of Australia, 1945-1949. Mr. Chifley, a member of the Labour Party, represented Macquarie in the Australian Parliament (1928-1931, 1940-1951), and held several cabinet posts, including Treasurer (1941-1949), before becoming Prime Minister and Labour Party leader after the death of John Curtin in 1945. He presided over Australia's transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy, and expanded the welfare state. The Labour Party was defeated in the 1949 federal election by the Liberal Party of Robert Menzies, and Mr. Chifley remained as Leader of the Opposition until his death from a heart attack, several weeks after the 1951 federal election. He was succeeded as Labour Party leader by H.V. Evatt.

War
U.S. forces completed the capture of the "Iron Triangle" in northern Korea by taking Pyongyang. General Douglas MacArthur, addressing the Texas State Legislature, charged that U.S. President Harry Truman's administration policy in Korea was "appeasement," and predicted that the actions that he recommended would ultimately be taken.

Politics and government
The United Kingdom offered to give the African territories of Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland dominion status if the step was favoured by public opinion in those areas.

Fianna Fáil leader Eamon de Valera was chosen as Prime Minister of Ireland over incumbent John Costello when five independent members of the Dáil Éireann switched their votes from Mr. Costello's four-party coalition.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Joint Congressional Committee on Defense Production began hearings on charges that current beef shortages were caused by a "strike" of cattlemen and processors against the beef price rollbacks.

Baseball
The University of Oklahoma Sooners edged the University of Tennessee Volunteers 3-2 at Omaha Municipal Stadium to win the College World Series.

50 years ago
1961

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, hosted by John Newland, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Midnight, starring Gloria Saunders and Herbert Patterson

This was actually a rebroadcast of an episode of Stars Over Hollywood that had originally been broadcast under the same title on November 8, 1950.



Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Coming Home, starring Crahan Denton and Jeanette Nolan

Thriller, hosted by Boris Karloff, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Grim Reaper, starring William Shatner, Natalie Schaefer, and Elizabeth Allen

This was the last episode of the season.



At the movies
By Love Possessed, directed by John Sturges, and starring Lana Turner, Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Jason Robards, and George Hamilton, received its premiere screening in Los Angeles.



Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Willie de Wit!

The 1984 Olympic silver medallist (Boxing--Heavyweight) and Canadian heavyweight champion (1986-1988) is a lawyer in his hometown of Grande Prairie, Alberta.

40 years ago
1971

Died on this date
Bob Neville. Canadian travel agent. Mr. Neville, who had operated Neville World of Travel in Edmonton, was murdered during the early morning hours in his office in the Corona Building on Jasper Avenue near 106 St. Six months later, his business partner, Queen's University law professor Keith Latta, was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. Go here for more.

Journalism
The New York Times began publishing a series of articles based on the Pentagon Papers, a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945-1967. The papers were leaked to the Times by former Defense Department employee Daniel Ellsberg.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Sarà perché ti amo--Ricchi e Poveri (10th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): How 'bout Us--Champaign

#1 single in Ireland: You Drive Me Crazy--Shakin' Stevens (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Being with You--Smokey Robinson

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Being with You--Smokey Robinson

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 How 'bout Us--Champaign (3rd week at #1)
2 Dance On--Doris D and the Pins
3 Rain in May--Max Werner
4 I've Seen That Face Before--Grace Jones
5 This Ole House--Shakin' Stevens
6 De Verzonken Stad--Frank & Mirella
7 Making Your Mind Up--Bucks Fizz
8 Kids in America--Kim Wilde
9 Double Dutch Bus--Frankie Smith
10 He's Just a Runaway--Sister Sledge

Singles entering the chart were Don't Stop by K.i.D. (#23); Me Kammetje by André Van Duin/Ik Heb 'm Nog Wel... by Jut en Jul (#30); Hopeloos by Will Tura (#32); and Habadabariwikidi - The Love Hopper by Urban Heroes (#33).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (5th week at #1)
2 Medley--Stars on 45
3 Sukiyaki--A Taste of Honey
4 Being with You--Smokey Robinson
5 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
6 Living Inside Myself--Gino Vannelli
7 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison
8 America--Neil Diamond
9 Take it on the Run--REO Speedwagon
10 Sweetheart--Franke & the Knockouts

Singles entering the chart were I Don't Need You by Kenny Rogers (#33); Don't Let Him Go by REO Speedwagon (#72); Hard Times by James Taylor (#81); What She Does to Me (The Diana Song) by the Producers (#85); Another Ticket by Eric Clapton (#86); and Some Days are Diamonds (Some Days are Stone) by John Denver (#87).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (3rd week at #1)
2 Medley--Stars on 45
3 Being with You--Smokey Robinson
4 Sukiyaki--A Taste of Honey
5 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
6 Take it on the Run--REO Speedwagon
7 All Those Years Ago—George Harrison
8 Angel of the Morning--Juice Newton
9 I Love You—Climax Blues Band
10 How 'bout Us--Champaign

Singles entering the chart were I Don’t Need You by Kenny Rogers (#34); Don’t Let Him Go by REO Speedwagon (#77); Another Ticket by Eric Clapton (#87); Feels So Right by Alabama (#88); Hard Times by James Taylor (#90); What She Does to Me (The Diana Song) by the Producers (#95); and She Did It by Michael Damian (#97).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Medley--Stars on 45
2 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
3 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison
4 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
5 Take it on the Run--REO Speedwagon
6 Angel of the Morning--Juice Newton
7 Morning Train (Nine to Five)--Sheena Easton
8 Sukiyaki--A Taste of Honey
9 America--Neil Diamond
10 Being with You--Smokey Robinson

Singles entering the chart were I Don't Need You by Kenny Rogers (#37); Don't Let Him Go by REO Speedwagon (#66); Sign of the Gypsy Queen by April Wine (#83); The Break Up Song (They Don't Write 'Em) by the Greg Kihn Band (#84); Night Feel (Feel Like Getting Down) by Billy Ocean (#88); It Don't Take Long by Spider (#89); Arc of a Diver by Steve Winwood (#90); Tom Sawyer by Rush (#92); What She Does to Me (The Diana Song) by the Producers (#97); and Freaky Dancin' by Cameo (#98).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Medley--Stars on 45 (2nd week at #1)
2 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes
3 Watching the Wheels--John Lennon
4 Too Much Time on My Hands--Styx
5 Being with You--Smokey Robinson
6 Angel of the Morning--Juice Newton
7 Take it on the Run--REO Speedwagon
8 All Those Years Ago—George Harrison
9 Morning Train (Nine to Five)--Sheena Easton
10 Kiss on My List--Daryl Hall & John Oates

Singles entering the chart were Arc of a Diver by Steve Winwood (#43); Hearts by Marty Balin (#44); and Sign of the Gypsy Queen by April Wine (#49).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes (4th week at #1)
2 Living Inside Myself--Gino Vannelli
3 Beatles Medley--Stars on 45
4 Sweetheart--Franke & the Knockouts
5 Say You'll Be Mine--Christopher Cross
6 Nobody Wins--Elton John
7 This Little Girl--Gary U.S. Bonds
8 The Waiting--Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
9 Too Much Time on My Hands--Styx
10 All Those Years Ago--George Harrison

Singles entering the chart were Modern Girl by Sheena Easton (#24); and Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through by Jim Steinman (#28).

Crime
Marcus Simon Serjeant, 17, discharged a blank cartridge pistol at Queen Elizabeth II in London with intent to alarm her as she rode past crowds on horseback. He was charged with discharging a blank cartridge pistol with intent to alarm the queen.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Toronto (1-1) 15 @ Hamilton (1-1) 3
Calgary (0-2) 4 @ British Columbia (2-0) 8

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Atlantis is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)--Modern Talking

Died on this date
Benny Goodman, 77. U.S. musician. Mr. Goodman, nicknamed the "King of Swing," was a clarinetist and one of the most popular bandleaders in the United States in the 1930s and '40s. It was Mr. Goodman's band that was credited with beginning the Swing Era during a three-week engagement at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles in August-September 1935. A concert by Mr. Goodman and his Orchestra at Carnegie Hall in New York on January 16, 1938 is widely regarded as the most important in jazz history, and the concert that moved jazz into the realm of "serious" music. Mr. Goodman made his first recordings in 1926 as a member of Ben Pollack's band, and made his last recordings shortly before his death; his 60-year recording career was a record at the time.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Winnipeg (3-0) 17 @ Calgary (0-1) 15

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Light My Fire--The Doors

Diplomacy
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney met German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in Bonn and urged financial aid for Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the U.S.S.R.

Disasters
During an interruption of play at the first round of the U.S. Open golf tournament at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Chaska, Minnesota because of a thunderstorm, one person was killed and five others injured when they were struck by lightning near the 11th tee. When the round concluded, Nolan Henke and Payne Stewart were tied for the lead with 5-under-par scores of 67.



10 years ago
2001

Basketball
NBA
Finals
Los Angeles Lakers 100 @ Philadelphia 86 (Los Angeles led best-of-seven series 3-1)

Shaquille O'Neal scored 34 points and grabbed 14 rebounds to help the Lakers defeat the 76ers before 20,900 fans at First Union Center. Allen Iverson led Philadelphia scorers with 35 points.