December 29, 2021

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Christine Gotaas!

1,300 years ago
721

Died on this date
Genmei, 61. Empress of Japan, 707-715. Genmei, born Abe-hime, acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne upon the death of her son Monmu. She moved the seat of government to Nara, and abdicated in favour of her daughter Genshō.

175 years ago
1846

Died on this date
Alexander Barrow, 45. U.S. politician. Mr. Barrow, a Whig, spent several years in the Louisiana House of Representatives before representing the state from 1841 until his death. He was the older half-brother of Washington Barrow, who represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate.

170 years ago
1851

Americana
The first Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in the United States opened in Boston.

140 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Jess Willard. U.S. boxer. Mr. Willard, nicknamed the Pottawatomie Giant, stood 6' 6 1⁄2" and didn't start boxing professionally until he was 29. He knocked out Jack Johnson in the 26th round in Havana on April 5, 1915 to win the world heavyweight title, thereby accomplishing what a host of "White Hopes" had failed to achieve since Mr. Johnson had won the title more than six years earlier. Mr. Willard fought just one title bout after that (a 10-round newspaper decision over Frank Moran in 1916) before being knocked out in 3 rounds by Jack Dempsey in Toledo, Ohio on July 4, 1919. Mr. Willard came out of retirement for two fights in 1923, and then retired permanently after compiling a professional record of 25-7-2. He died on December 15, 1968, two weeks before his 87th birthday.

120 years ago
1901

Politics and government
Arthur Peters was sworn in as Premier of Prince Edward Island, succeeding Donald Farquharson as head of the province's Liberal government. Lieutenant Governor Peter McIntyre had asked Mr. Peters to take office as Premier after Mr. Farquharson resigned to enter federal politics.

110 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Klaus Fuchs. German physicist. Dr. Fuchs was a socialist who became a Communist while still a student in Germany. He fled to the United Kingdom shortly after the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, and went to the United States during World War II, where he worked on the Manhattan Project, which produced the first atomic bombs. Dr. Fuchs worked as a spy with the U.S.S.R., and illegally transferred nuclear information to the Soviets. In January 1950 he confessed to being a spy, and was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment for espionage. Dr. Fuchs was released in 1959 after serving 9 1/3 years, and emigrated to East Germany, where he spent the rest of his life. He died on January 28, 1988, 30 days after his 76th birthday.

Asiatica
Mongolia gained its independence from China's Qing dynasty, enthroning the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu as Khagan of Mongolia.

Politics and government
In Nanking, Sun Yat-sen was elected provisional President of the Republic of China.

Canadiana
A proclamation restored the words Dei Gratia to Canada's coins; the Latins phrase means King (or Queen) by the grace of God.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Dobrica Ćosić. 1st President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1992-1993. Mr. Ćosić, a Serb, joined the Communist Party in 1939, and had a successful career as a novelist. He increasingly expressed concern for the Serbian population of Yugoslavia, and supported the Serbian cause in the Yugoslavian Civil War. Mr. Ćosić became the president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, consisting of Serbia and Montenegro, but was removed from office after turning against Serbian nationalist leader Slobodan Milošević. He died on May 18, 2014 at the age of 92.

Politics and government
Canada's new Liberal government, under Prime Minister Mackenzie King, took office, 23 days after winning a plurality in the federal election. For Mr. King, it was the beginning of more than two decades as Canada's Prime Minister, and he eventually became the longest-serving prime minister in the history of the British Commonwealth.

90 years ago
1931

Transportation
The new Jubilee Dock was moored in Wellington Harbour in Wellington, New Zealand.

80 years ago
1941

War
A London communique reported a successful six-hour raid on December 27 on the German-occupied islands of Vaagsoe and Maaloy off the Norwegaian coast. Tokyo reports claimed that Japanese troops the previous day had captured Ipoh, the tin mining centre 290 miles north of Singapore. Japanese planes bombed the island fortress of Corregidor, about 30 miles south of Manila guarding the entrance to Manila Bay.

Diplomacy
Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King returned to Ottawa from Washington with U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was beginning a visit to the Canadian capital.

The Argentine Foreign Ministry announced that it was recalling the country's Ambassador to Germany.

Politics and government
Mohandas Gandhi resigned as leader of the All-India Congress Party because, he said, the party's working committee had abandoned his principles of civil disobedience and non-violence.

Business
The U.S. Army formally returned the Bendix, New Jersey plant of Air Associates, Inc. to private management after operating it since October 31.

Labour
American Federation of Labor boilermakers routed picketing welders at the California Ship Building Corporation in Los Angeles.

Disasters
Portland, Oregon was shaken by a short, sharp earthquake at 10:30 A.M.

Sport
New York University miler Leslie MacMitchell was named the 1941 winner of the Amateur Athletic Union's James E. Sullivan Memorial Trophy as the outstanding amateur athlete in the United States.

Auto racing
Indianapolis Motor Speedway President Eddie Rickenbacker announced the cancellation of the Indianapolis 500 for 1942 because of American involvement in World War II. The speedway wasn't reopened, and the Indianapolis 500 wasn't held again, until 1946, the year after the war ended.

75 years ago
1946

At the movies
Duel in the Sun, directed by King Vidor, and starring Gregory Peck, Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, and many others, received its premiere screening in Van Nuys, California.





Terrorism
Irgun Zvai Leumi members kidnapped and flogged four British soldiers in retaliation for the British flogging of an imprisoned Zionist arrested for bank robbery.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. returned to Finland Helsinki's Malm Airport, occupied since the 1944 armistice.

Defense
The U.S. Navy announced the development of the Mark 3 Toss Director, a new bombsight that permitted dive-bombers to project bombs after they had pulled out of their dives.

Politics and government
Delegates from 10 liberal political action groups voted in New York to merge into a new organization, Progressive Citizens of America, with Frank Kingdon and Jo Davidson as co-chairmen.

Labour
The Italian Confederation of Labour called off a general strike in the southern Italian city of Bari after the government agreed to a 3,000-lira weekly subsidy for the unemployed.

70 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Sweet Violets--Dinah Shore; Jane Turzy (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Cry--Johnnie Ray and the Four Lads (Best Seller--1st week at #1); It's No Sin--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra (Disc Jockey--7th week at #1; Jukebox--1st week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (It's No) Sin--The Four Aces (8th week at #1)
--Eddy Howard
2 Cold, Cold Heart--Tony Bennett
3 Down Yonder--Del Wood
--Joe "Fingers" Carr
--Champ Butler
4 Undecided--The Ames Brothers and Les Brown and his Band of Renown
5 Because of You--Tony Bennett
--Les Baxter and his Orchestra
6 Charmaine--Mantovani and his Orchestra
7 Shrimp Boats--Jo Stafford
8 Jealousy (Jalousie)--Frankie Laine
9 Slow Poke--Pee Wee King and his Golden West Cowboys
10 Cry--Johnnie Ray and the Four Lads

There were no singles entering the chart.

World events
At a news conference in Erding, West Germany, four American fliers released the previous day by Hungary claimed that they had flown off course on November 19 in murky skies while transporting a diplomatic cargo from Munich to Belgrade.

Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion denounced U.S. Zionist leaders for not moving to Israel.

War
In an effort to rescue stalled armistice talks, U.S. negotiators at Panmunjom offered to forego aerial inspection of Communist positions during a cease-fire. Disagreement remained over construction of new military airports, which the Americans wanted banned.

Defense
The $44-million, 540-foot U.S. Navy destroyer leader USS Norfolk, the largest destroyer in the world, was launched in Camden, New Jersey.

Politics and government
Colombian opposition leader Carlos Augusto Noriega, President of the House of Representatives, was removed from office and physically ejected from the chamber for trying to block debate.

The U.S. House of Representatives Un-American Activities Committee urged the adoption of the death penalty for peacetime espionage in the United States.

Energy
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission announced the first use of an atomic reactor to generate electric power in the United States, near Arco, Idaho.

Health
U.S. President Harry Truman created a 15-member President's Commission on the Health Needs of the Nation, with Dr. Paul Magnuson as chairman.

Football
NCAA
Blue-Gray Game @ Cramton Bowl, Montgomery, Alabama
Gray 20 Blue 14

Baseball
New York baseball writers named New York Yankees' pitcher Allie Reynolds as the 1951 winner of the Sid Mercer Memorial Award as "player of the year." He was 17-8 with an earned run average of 3.05 in 40 games, leading the American League with 7 shutouts, batting .184 with no home runs and 11 runs batted in in 43 games. Mr. Reynolds was 1-1 with a 4.20 ERA in 2 World Series games as the Yankees defeated the New York Giants in 6 games for their third straight World Series championship.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Take Good Care of My Baby--Bobby Vee (2nd week at #1)

Los Angeles's Top 40 (KFWB)
21 Your Ma Said You Cried in Your Sleep Last Night--Kenny Dino
22 Town Without Pity--Gene Pitney
23 Unchain My Heart--Ray Charles and his Orchestra
24 Moments to Remember--Jennell Hawkins
25 Jingle Bell Rock--Bobby Rydell/Chubby Checker
26 I Don't Know Why--Linda Scott
27 Surfer Stomp--The Marketts
28 When the Boy in Your Arms (Is the Boy in Your Heart)--Connie Francis
29 Small Sad Sam--Phil McLean
30 Pocketful of Miracles--Frank Sinatra
31 Just Out of Reach--Solomon Burke
32 Big Bad John--Jimmy Dean
33 Surfin'--The Beach Boys
34 And Then Came Love--Ed Townsend
35 Jambalaya (On the Bayou)--Fats Domino
36 Tonight--Ferrante & Teicher
37 The Wanderer--Dion
38 Crazy--Patsy Cline
39 Revenge--Brook Benton
40 Dear Ivan--Jimmy Dean

Surfer Stomp,Surfin', Jambalaya (On the Bayou), The Wanderer, and Dear Ivan were entering the chart. Surfin' was the Beach Boys' first single, and this was their first entry on any chart.

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight's episode: A Quality of Mercy, starring Dean Stockwell, Albert Salmi, and Jerry Fujikawa

Boxing
Alejandro Lavorante (19-2) knocked out Von Clay (16-6-2) at 1:10 of the 2nd round of a heavyweight bout at Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. It proved to be the last win for Mr. Lavorante.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Ernie (The Fastest Milkman in the West)--Benny Hill (5th week at #1)

On television tonight
Rod Serling's Night Gallery, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Different Ones, starring Dana Andrews and Jon Korkes; Tell David..., starring Sandra Dee and Jared Martin; Logoda's Heads, starring Patrick Macnee, Brock Peters, Denise Nicholas, and Tim Matheson

War
U.S. Air Force and Navy planes concluded three days of heavy bombing raids on military installations in North Vietnam; it was the first time since 1968 that a series of attacks against North Vietnam had lasted more than two days.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Black or White--Michael Jackson (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Let's Talk About Sex--Salt-N-Pepa (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Black or White--Michael Jackson (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Susan Wright, 44. Miss Wright, a native of Calgary, grew up in Saskatoon, where she began her career. She was best known as a stage actress, appearing frequently at the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, and winning two Dora Mavor Moore Awards and an ACTRA Award. Miss Wright appeared in several films and television programs. She and her parents were staying in a house in Stratford owned by actor Brent Carver, who was absent when the others died in a fire.

Football
NFL
NFC Wild Card Playoff
Dallas 17 @ Chicago 13



AFC Wild Card Playoff
New York Jets 10 @ Houston 17



25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Thug Devotion--Mo Thugs (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)--Backstreet Boys (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Verpiss' dich--Tic Tac Toe (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): 2 Become 1--Spice Girls (2nd week at #1)

War
The Guatemalan government and leaders of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity signed a peace accord, ending a 36-year civil war.

Football
NFL
AFC Wild Card Playoff
Indianapolis 14 @ Pittsburgh 42



NFC Wild Card Playoff
Philadelphia 0 @ San Francisco 14

See video.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Takashi Asahina, 93. Japanese orchestra conductor. Mr. Asahina founded the Kansai Symphonic Orchestra (today the Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra) in 1947, and was its principal conductor until his death. He specialized in the music of Anton Bruckner.

Crime
Magloire Poissant murdered his ex-wife Colette Harnois, her two sons Mathieu MacDonald, 18, and Michael MacDonald, 15, and their friend Francis Mongrain, age 17, at Ms. Harnois' home in Lavaltrie, Quebec.

Weather
Five days of snow in Buffalo, New York ended with a record total of 6 feet 9 inches.

Disasters
Nearly 300 people were killed when a firecracker ignited fireworks stands lining narrow streets in Lima, Peru.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Robert Lee Dickey, 72. U.S. singer. Mr. Dickey was the original Bobby Purify in the rhythm and blues duo James & Bobby Purify, who achieved several charted singles from 1966-1969; their biggest hit was their first, I'm Your Puppet (1966), which reached #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart and #5 on the Rhythm and Blues chart. Mr. Dickey left the duo in 1971 for health reasons, and worked as a city maintenance supervisor in Tallahassee, Florida, and performing as an amateur singer and guitarist. James Purify performed as a solo artist until 1974, when Ben Moore joined him and took the name Bobby Purify.

Sport
Downhill skier Jennifer Heil was named the Canadian Press female athlete of the year for 2011. She ended her career with a sweep of the moguls and dual moguls gold medals at the World Championships.

December 6, 2021

600 years ago
1421

Born on this date
Henry VI. King of England, 1422-1461, 1470-1471. Henry VI acceded to the throne as an infant upon the death of his father Henry V, and was declared fit to rule in 1437. As a result of the Treaty of Troyes, he was regarded as King Henri II of France, but his claim to the French throne was disputed. Henry VI married Margaret of Anjou, niece of King Charles VII of France, in 1445; King Henry frequently suffered from mental instability, and Queen Margaret acted as the power behind the throne. King Henry VI inherited the Hundred Years' War, and his reign saw the gradual loss of English lands in France. His cousin Richard, Duke of York opposed him; in 1465, Richard's son Edward's forces captured King Henry, imprisoned him in the Tower of London, and deposed him, ruling as King Edward IV. King Henry VI regained the throne in 1470, but Edward IV was restored to the throne in April 1471, killing King Henry's only son Edward of Westminster in the Battle of Tewkesbury. Henry VI was imprisoned again, and died in the Tower of London on May 21, 1471 at the age of 49, possibly killed on the orders of King Edward IV.

190 years ago
1831

Politics and government
U.S. President Andrew Jackson delivered his third annual State of the Union message to Congress. Subjects included agriculture and foreign relations.

140 years ago
1881

Politics and government
U.S. President Chester Arthur delivered his first annual State of the Union message to Congress. Subjects included foreign relations and the economy.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Ira Gershwin. U.S. songwriter. Mr. Gershwin, born Israel Gershowitz, wrote lyrics to songs with music by his brother George. His songs included I Got Rhythm; The Man I Love; and Someone to Watch Over Me. After George died in 1937, Ira teamed up with such composers as Kurt Weill, Jerome Kern, and Harold Arlen. He died on August 17, 1983 at the age of 86.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Georgy Malenkov. Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Premier) of the U.S.S.R., 1953-1955. Mr. Malenkov joined the Communist Party in 1920 and became Soviet Premier after the death of Josef Stalin in 1953, but was forced out of office by Nikita Khrushchev in February 1955. He failed in a palace coup attempt against Mr. Khrushchev in 1957, was exiled to Kazakhstan, and expelled from the party in 1961. Mr. Malenkov eventually returned to Moscow and maintained a low profile until his death on January 14, 1988 at the age of 86.

110 years ago
1911

Crime
A Calgary judge convicted two dairy delivery men for theft after they removed a rival firm's milk bottles from doorsteps and milk chutes in order to get annoyed customers to switch companies.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Otto Graham. U.S. football player and coach. Mr. Graham played quarterback at Northwestern University (1941-1943) and the North Carolina Pre-Flight Cloudbusters (1944), while also playing basketball and baseball. He began his professional athletic career with the Rochester Royals of the National Basketball League (1945-46), helping them win the NBL title. Mr. Graham signed a contract with the Cleveland Browns of the new All-America Football Conference in 1945, but the AAFC didn't begin play until 1946. He led the Browns to four straight AAFC championships (1946-1949), and continued his success when the Browns joined the National Football League in 1950. Mr. Graham helped the Browns win NFL championships in 1950, 1954, and 1955, retiring after the 1955 championship game. He retired after a 10-year professional career, leading the Browns to the league championship game every year, winning seven times. Mr. Graham was head coach of the Coast Guard Bears (1959-1965, 1974-1975), compiling a record of 44-32-1; his best season was 1963, when they were 8-1, finishing first in the New England Football Conference and playing in the Tangerine Bowl. He also coached the College All-Stars in 10 annual games against the defending NFL champions. Mr. Graham was head coach of the Washington Redskins (1966-1968), but had considerably less success, being fired after compiling a record of 17-22-3. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. Mr. Graham died of a heart aneurysm on December 17, 2003, 11 days after his 82nd birthday, after suffering from various health problems for several years.

Piero Piccioni. Italian musician and composer. Mr. Piccioni, a lawyer by trade, was a pianist and organist who led a jazz band and composed scores for more than 300 movies, television and radio programs, and ballets. He died on July 23, 2004 at the age of 82.

Died on this date
Said Halim Pasha, 56-57. Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, 1913-1917. Said Halim Pasha was the grandson of Muhammad Ali Pasha, widely regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. Said Halim Pasha succeeded Mahmud Shevket Pasha following his assassination, and was both Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister. He signed the Ottoman-German Alliance in 1914 and signed deportation orders for the Armenian population, claiming that reports of arrests and deportations were being greatly exaggerated. Said Halim Pasha lost his position as Foreign Minister in 1915, and was forced out as Grand Vizier in 1917 amidst clashes with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). His signature on the Ottoman-German Alliance led to accusations of treason during courts-martial after World War I. Said Halim Pasha was exiled to a prison in Malta, but was acquitted in 1921 and released. He moved to Sicily, and was in Rome when he was assassinated by Arshavir Shirakian, an agent of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, for his role in the Armenian genocide.

War
The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in London by British and Irish representatives, officially ending the Irish War of Independence.

On the radio
Toronto radio station CHCB broadcast the federal election results in co-operation with The Toronto Daily Star. The experimental Marconi station apparently went off the air forever five months later.

Politics and government
The Liberal Party, led by W.L. Mackenzie King, captured 118 of 235 House of Commons seats--a bare majority--in the Canadian federal election. The Progressive Party, led by T.A. Crerar, won 58 seats in its first federal campaign. The governing Conservatives--formally known as the National Liberal and Conservative Party, a holdover from the Unionist government of World War I--won just 49 seats, down from 153 in 1917. Prime Minister Arthur Meighen, a Conservative, was defeated in his bid for re-election in his Manitoba riding of Portage La Prairie. The Labour Party, led by J.S. Woodsworth, won 3 seats. The remaining representation in the House of Commons was: Independent--2; United Farmers of Alberta--2; United Farmers of Ontario--1; Independent Conservative--1; Independent Progressive--1. It was the first federal election in which the majority of women in Canada were allowed to vote, and Progressive candidate Agnes Macphail became the first woman elected to the House of Commons, representing the Ontario riding of Grey-Southeast. The new government officially took office on December 29, 1921.

U.S. President Warren G. Harding delivered his first annual State of the Union address to Congress. Subjects included relations among the various branches of government; tariffs; and relations between capital and labour.

90 years ago
1931

Football
NFL
Green Bay (12-2) 6 @ Chicago Bears (8-4) 7
New York (6-6-1) 19 @ Brooklyn (2-12) 6

80 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Chattanooga Choo Choo--Glenn Miller and his Orchestra (Vocal refrain by Tex Beneke and the Four Modernaires) (2nd week at #1)

Movies
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures Corp. suspended the showing of Two-Faced Woman, which had opened in theatres on November 30, after December 16, 1941, pending revision of the film. The movie had been banned in Providence and Boston, and authorities in Chicago, Milwaukee, and Omaha had ordered cuts to be made in the film before it could play in those cities. Two-Faced Woman had also been condemned by the Catholic Legion of Decency and New York Roman Catholic Archbishop Francis Spellman.

War
The United Kingdom announced at 1 A.M. that a state of war with Finland, Hungary and Romania existed after those three countries had rejected a British ultimatum to halt their attacks on Russia. British Security Co-ordination (BSC) head William Stephenson opened Special Training School 103--better known as Camp X--near Whitby and Oshawa, Ontario, for the purpose of training Allied Secret Agents for the war. General Georgy Zhukov led Soviet troops in a strike with 100 divisions in a counterattack against the German force moving on Moscow.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent a personal message to Emperor Hirohito of Japan appealing for peace, amid reports that Japanese troops were sailing toward Thailand.

Defense
U.S. Navy authorities in the Panama Canal Zone reported that they were investigating rumours that Axis raiders disguised as Japanese merchant ships were using Port Callao, Peru as a base.

The U.S. Navy ordered six Finnish ships in American ports put under protective custody.

U.S. Navy Secretary Frank Knox said in his annual report that the Navy was "second to none."

Transportation
Two Pan Am Airways Clippers left Miami with a total of 30 passengers to inaugurate air service to Africa.

Labour
The United Brotherhood of Welders, Cutters and Helpers threatened to call a nationwide strike of its 75,000 members unless U.S. President Roosevelt halted alleged American Federation of Labor discrimination against the union, which was seeking autonomy.

Track and field
NCAA
The Big Ten athletic conference in Chicago abolished the javelin event as harmful because it frequently caused back and shoulder injuries among contestants.

75 years ago
1946

Radio
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan station CHAB moved from 1220 to 800 kilohertz, its present home.

War
Chinese Communists notified U.S. mediator General George Marshall that they would note resume negotiations with the Nationalists until the dissolution of the "illegal" Constitutional Assembly in Nanking.

The Council of Foreign Ministers completed negotiation in New York on all questions relating to the Italian, Romanian, Hungarian, and Finnish peace treaties, and decided to present the treaties for signature in early February 1947.

Politics and government
A subcommittee of the United Nations Trusteeship Council overrode Soviet objections and assigned control of Western Samoa to New Zealand; Rwanda-Urundi to Belgium; New Guinea to Australia; Tanganyika and the British Cameroons to the United Kingdom; and French Togoland and the French Cameroons to France.

Soviet military authorities forbade meetings of the Berlin Council of Aldermen, claiming that it must first be approved by all Allied commanders.

A British cabinet conference on India broke down in London as Muslim League leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah refused to change his stand on the Muslim boycott of the forthcoming Indian Constituent Assembly.

Economics and finance
The Yugoslavian National Assembly approved a law nationalizing 42 industries, with owners paid in state bonds.

70 years ago
1951

Died on this date
Harold Ross, 59. U.S. journalist. Mr. Ross wrote for various newspapers before he and yeast heir Raoul Fleischmann co-founded The New Yorker in 1925. Mr. Ross served as the magazine's editor-in-chief until his death from heart failure while undergoing surgery to remove a lung.

Movies
Argentina lifted a four-year ban on Soviet-made films.

War
Communist negotiators at Panmunjom refused to consider an exchange of prisoners until their truce-enforcement plan was accepted.

Defense
U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill told the House of Commons that Britain could not complete its $13.16-billion defense program on schedule in 1953, but would "get on as fast as we can."

Diplomacy
The United Nations General Assembly elected Pakistan and Chile to replace India and Ecuador as Security Council members for 1952-53.

Protest
The Egyptian government banned all public demonstrations to minimize violence resulting from the Suez clashes with British forces.

A five-hour battle between Iranian Communists and Nationalist Party youths in Tehran left 5 people dead and 200 injured.

Politics and government
Venezuelan security forces arrested 12 members of the outlawed Democratic Action Party, seizing bombs and shutting down a radio station in Maracaibo.

U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy (Republican--Wisconsin) charged that a Senate Elections subcommittee was spending "tens of thousands of dollars" to investigate his background. The subcommittee was considering demands by Sen. William Benton (Democrat--Connecticut) that Sen. McCarthy be ousted from the Senate.

U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Dean Rusk resigned in order to succeed Chester Barnard as president of the Rockefeller Foundation when the latter retired in 1952.

Boxing
World heavyweight champion Jersey Joe Walcott was awarded the Edward J. Neil Plaque in New York as Boxer of the Year.

60 years ago
1961

At the movies
El Cid, directed by Anthony Mann, and starring Charlton Heston and Sophia Loren, received its premiere screening at the Metropole Theatre, Victoria, London.



Died on this date
Frantz Fanon, 36. Martinique-born French psychiatrist and philosopher. Dr. Fanon grew up in Martinique when it was ruled by Vichy French sailors who collaborated with the Nazis and abused the local population; his experiences influenced his subsequent ideas. He practiced psychiatry in colonial Algeria in the 1950s, and formulated a model for community psychology, believing that many mental-health patients would do better if they were integrated into their family and community instead of being treated with institutionalized care. Dr. Fanon increasingly turned against French colonial rule; he was expelled from Algeria and moved to Tunis, where he joined the Front de libération nationale (National Liberation Front) (FLN), supporting the use of violence in Algeria's struggle for independence from France. He developed leukemia, and died while being treated at a National Institutes of Health facility in Bethesda, Maryland, having been brought to the United States by the Central Intelligence Agency. Dr. Fanon's ideas, expressed in books such as Peau noire, masques blancs (Black Skin, White Masks) (1952) and Les Damnés de la Terre (The Wretched of the Earth) (1961) have inspired revolutionary movements throughout the world.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Maggie May--Rod Stewart (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Ame no Midōsuji--Ouyang Fei Fei (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Mammy Blue--Pop-Tops (7th week at #1)

Football
NFL
Kansas City (8-3-1) 26 @ San Francisco (7-5) 17

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Physical--Olivia Newton-John

#1 single in Switzerland: Physical--Olivia Newton-John (2nd week at #1)

30 years ago
1991

Died on this date
Richard Stone, 78. U.K. economist. Sir Richard was awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis."

War
In Croatia, forces of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) bombarded Dubrovnik after laying siege to the city for seven months.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Breathe--The Prodigy (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Breathe--The Prodigy

Died on this date
Pete Rozelle, 70. U.S. football executive. Alvin Ray Rozelle worked in publicity with the University of San Francisco and the Los Angeles Rams before becoming the Rams' general manager in 1957. The team had little success on the field, but became financially successful. Three months after the death of Bert Bell, Mr. Rozelle was the surprise choice to become the National Football League's new commissioner. Mr. Rozelle held the position until November 1989, and was largely responsible for the NFL becoming one of the most successful businesses in the United States. He promoted policies of revenue-sharing, achieved a merger with the rival American Football League, and proposed Monday Night Football, which has been a television staple since 1970. Mr. Rozelle died of brain cancer; he was inducted into the Professional Football Hall of Fame in 1985, while still serving as commissioner.

Radio
Radio-Canada International announced that it would have to stop broadcasting on March 31, 1997 unless a new source of funds coulf be found. A campaign to save RCI was temporarily successful; it was backed by Heritage Minister Sheila Copps, who said that Canada's voice to the world must not die.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Charles McClendon, 78. U.S. football player and coach. Mr. McClendon played at the University of Kentucky (1949-1950) and was an assistant coach for ten years--nine at Louisiana State University (1953-1961) before serving as head coach at LSU (1962-1979), compiling a record of 137-59-7, leading the Tigers into 13 bowl games, winning seven. He was president (1979) and executive director (1982-1994) of the American Football Coaches Association, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1986.

Canadiana
The province of Newfoundland was renamed Newfoundland and Labrador by the Constitution Amendment 2001.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Dobie Gray, 71. U.S. singer-songwriter. Mr. Gray, born Lawrence Darrow Brown, had a career spanning more than 50 years in soul, rhythm and blues, pop, and country music. His best known composition was The "In" Crowd (1965), which reached #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart and #11 on the R&B chart. Mr. Gray's biggest hit was Drift Away (1973), which reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100. He died of complications from cancer surgery.

Barbara Orbison, 60. German-born U.S. record producer. Mrs. Orbison was 17 when she met singer Roy Orbison, 32, who was a widower with three sons, two of whom died in a fire shortly after they met. The couple married in March 1969 and had two sons of their own. Mrs. Orbison managed her husband's career before his death on December 6, 1988, and afterward, overseeing posthumous releases. She died of pancreatic cancer, 23 years to the day since the death of her husband.

November 21, 2021

1,010 years ago
1011

Died on this date
Reizei, 61. Emperor of Japan, 967-969. Reizei, born Norihira-shinnō, acceded to the throne shortly after the death of his father Murakami. He abdicated in favour of his younger brother En'yū, and lived in retirement until his death.

160 years ago
1861

Politics and government
Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed Judah Benjamin as Secretary of War.

150 years ago
1871

Diplomacy
Grand Duke Alexei, a son of Czar Aleksandr II of Russia, arrived in New York Harbor as the head of a delegation of the Imperial Russian Navy. The Grand Duke spent three months in the United States, with a six-day visit to Canada in December.

130 years ago
1891

Football
Dominion Final
Osgoode Hall 21 @ Montreal 10

125 years ago
1896

Football
CRU
Dominion Final
Ottawa College 12 @ University of Toronto 8

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Donald Sheldon. U.S. aviator. Mr. Sheldon, a native of Colorado, grew up in Wyoming and flew 26 missions as a gunner aboard a B-17 Flying Fortress with the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, earning the Distinguished Flying Cross and four other decorations. He settled in Talkeetna, Alaska, from where he operated Talkeetna Air Service as a bush pilot, pioneering the technique of glacier landings on Mount McKinley. Mr. Sheldon died of cancer on January 26, 1975 at the age of 53.

Canadiana
King George V proclaimed Canada's Coat of Arms: he designated white and red as the official Canadian colours; on the crest, a red maple leaf was added in the right paw of the lion and three maple leaves joined by one stem in the crest.

90 years ago
1931

Football
CRU
Eastern Semi-Final
University of Western Ontario 7 @ Sarnia (ORFU) 1

The Mustangs punted for 5 singles and added a safety touch as they upset the Imperials before 4,500 fans at Davis Field. Bummer Stirling's single gave the Imperials a 1-0 lead, but that was all the scoring Sarnia managed.

IRFU
Exhibition
Montreal 7 @ Toronto 0

NFL
Cleveland (2-6) 7 @ Providence (4-3-2) 13

NCAA
Southern California 16 @ Notre Dame 14

Johnny Baker's last-minute field goal gave the Trojans the victory over the Ramblers before 52,000 fans in South Bend, Indiana. It was Notre Dame's first loss in three years and their first in their new stadium, which had been dedicated the previous year to their late coach, Knute Rockne.

80 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Henrietta Vinton Davis, 81. U.S. actress and social activist. Miss Davis was the most prominent Negro actress of the 19th century before becoming the first international organizer for the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), an organization founded by Marcus Garvey promoting the interests of Negroes and their return to Africa. She broke with Mr. Garvey in 1932 and became first Assistant President General of the rival UNIA, Inc., becoming its president in 1934.

War
German forces captured Rostov, at the mouth of the Don River.

Defense
U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Icelandic Minister to the United States Thor Thors signed a Lend-Lease agreement, with the United States assuming the United Kingdom's financial obligations to Iceland, amounting to $20 million per year. The 35,000-ton battleship Indiana, the third to be launched in 1941 and 20th in the United States Navy, was launched six months ahead of schedule at Newport News, Virginia.

Oil
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey President W.S. Farish announced that the American oil companies whose properties had been expropriated by the Mexican government in 1938 had rejected the U.S.-Mexican oil pact.

Labour
11 pickets were wounded when non-strikers opened fire on 150 strikers at a coal mine in Edenborn, Pennsylvania.

Philip Murray was unanimously re-elected President of the U.S. Congress of Industrial Organizations, and declared that labour would fight any legislative attempt to bar strikes or freeze wages.

75 years ago
1946

At the movies
The Best Years of Our Lives, directed by William Wyler and starring Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Harold Russell, Myrna Loy, Teresa Wright, and Virginia Mayo, opened in theatres.



War
23 German doctors pled not guilty before an American court in Nuremberg to charges of torturing thousands of concentration camp inmates in medical "experiments" during World War II.

The Greek government announced that Communist guerrillas had been defeated in a nine-day battle at Skra near the Yugoslavian border.

Politics and government
General Nuri Pasha took office as Prime Minister of Iraq.

Muslim League leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah revealed in New Delhi that the League would not participate in the Indian Constituent Assembly meeting scheduled for December 9, 1946 due to continued killing of Indian Muslims in clashes with Hindus.

Religion
The North Carolina Baptist Convention in Asheville defeated a resolution banning racial segregation in churches.

Labour
A strike of 400,000 coal miners in the United States began when Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America President John L. Lewis refused to obey a court order for postponement of the contract termination date. Mr. Lewis was ordered to appear at federal district court in Washington, D.C. and "show cause" why he should not be prosecuted for contempt of court.

70 years ago
1951

War
U.S. Air Force General Hoyt Vandenberg told a Pentagon press conference that the Communists were making a "massive effort" to challenge U.S. air superiority in Korea and had about 1,400 planes (including 700 MiG jets) in the area.

The Palestine Conciliation Commission reported that it had given up its present effort to promote a permanent peace between Israel and the Arab states since neither side would "substantially" compromise on its peace demands.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. protested the inclusion of funds for anti-Communist underground movements in the latest U.S. Mutual Security Act, charging that this was a violation of the 1933 Litvinov agreement under which Soviet-American relations were established.

Law
The Ohio State Supreme Court upheld a loyalty oath program in the Cleveland public schools.

Energy
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Patent Compensation Board made its first award to Cyril McClellan, who received $7,500 for developing a method of separating isotopes used at Brookhaven Natonal Laboratory.

Disasters
A typhoon swept the central Philippines, causing 60 deaths.

Football
CRU
Eastern Final
Sarnia (ORFU) 17 @ Ottawa (IRFU) 43

Only 4,361 fans showed up at Lansdowne Park on a Wednesday afternoon to see the Rough Riders rout the Imperials to advance to the Grey Cup. Pete Karpuk and Matt Anthony scored 2 touchdowns each for Ottawa. Steve Hatfield of the Rough Riders scored the game's first major, and other Ottawa touchdowns were scored by Bob Simpson and Howie Turner. Bob Gain converted all 7 and added a field goal. Jack "Corky" Duchene rushed for 3 touchdowns for Sarnia; Johnny Chorostecki converted one of them, and added a single.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): When the Girl in Your Arms is the Girl in Your Heart--Cliff Richard and the Norrie Paramor Orchestra

When the Girl in Your Arms is the Girl in Your Heart was from the movie The Young Ones (1961).

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: You Can't Be a Little Girl All Your Life, starring Dick York and Carolyn Kearney

Americana
The Ala Moana Office Building opened in Honolulu; La Ronde, the first revolving restaurant in the United States, was on the 23rd floor.

40 years ago
1971

War
Indian troops, partly aided by Mukti Bahini (Bengali guerrillas), defeated the Pakistan army in the Battle of Garibpur in Bangladesh.

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 4 @ Buffalo 3

This was the Sunday broadcast on CBC radio.

Football
NFL
San Diego (4-6) 33 @ Oakland (7-1-2) 34
San Francisco (6-4) 6 @ Los Angeles (6-3-1) 17
Dallas (8-2) 13 @ Washington (6-3-1) 0
Denver (1-8-1) 10 @ Kansas City (7-2-1) 28
New York Jets (4-6) 20 @ Buffalo (0-10) 7
Minnesota (8-2) 23 @ New Orleans (3-5-2) 10
New York Giants (4-6) 13 @ Pittsburgh (5-5) 17
Philadelphia (3-6-1) 37 @ St. Louis (3-7) 20
Houston (1-8-1) 13 @ Cincinnati (3-7) 28
New England (4-6) 7 @ Cleveland (5-5) 27
Detroit (6-3-1) 28 @ Chicago (6-4) 3
Baltimore (7-3) 14 @ Miami (8-1-1) 17

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Tainted Love--Soft Cell (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Under Pressure--Queen & David Bowie

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police (3rd week at #1)
2 Pretend--Alvin Stardust
3 R.R. Express--Rose Royce
4 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
5 Super Freak--Rick James
6 Let's Groove--Earth Wind & Fire
7 Ain't No Mountain High Enough/Remember Me--Boys Town Gang
8 Love Games--Level 42
9 O Superman--Laurie Anderson
10 Your Love Still Brings Me To My Knees--Marcia Hines

Singles entering the chart were Should I Do It by the Pointer Sisters (#30); Comin' in and Out of Your Life by Barbra Streisand (#31); Good Year for the Roses by Elvis Costello (#33); Teenage Queenie by Pussycat (#36); and Jantje Beton by Willeke Alberte (#39).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
2 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
3 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
4 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
5 Here I Am (Just When I Thought I was Over You)--Air Supply
6 Tryin' to Live My Life Without You--Bob Seger
7 The Night Owls--Little River Band
8 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
9 Arthur's Theme (Best that You Can Do)--Christopher Cross
10 The Theme from Hill Street Blues--Mike Post featuring Larry Carlton

Singles entering the chart were Shake it Up by the Cars (#76); She's Got a Way by Billy Joel (#79); Let Me Love You Once by Greg Lake (#83); If I Were You by Lulu (#85); Blaze of Glory by Kenny Rogers (#86); WKRP in Cincinnati by Steve Carlisle (#87); Come Go with Me by the Beach Boys (#89); and Falling in Love by Balance (#90). WKRP in Cincinnati was the title song from the television comedy series that had been running on CBS since 1978.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
2 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
3 Arthur's Theme--Christopher Cross
4 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
5 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
6 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie
7 Here I Am--Air Supply
8 Oh No--Commodores
9 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
10 The Night Owls--Little River Band

Singles entering the chart were Shake it Up by the Cars (#77); She's Got a Way by Billy Joel (#82); Let Me Love You Once by Greg Lake (#83); If I Were You by Lulu (#84); Come Go with Me by the Beach Boys (#86); My Kinda Lover by Billy Squier (#88); Blaze of Glory by Kenny Rogers (#89); and WKRP in Cincinnati by Steve Carlisle (#93).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Physical--Olivia Newton-John
2 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
3 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
4 Here I Am (Just When I Thought I was Over You)--Air Supply
5 Arthur's Theme (Best that You Can Do)--Christopher Cross
6 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
7 I've Done Everything for You--Rick Springfield
8 The Night Owls--Little River Band
9 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
10 Oh No--Commodores

Singles entering the chart included Shake it Up by the Cars (#78); and Let Me Love You Once by Greg Lake (#89).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 The Friends of Mr. Cairo--Jon and Vangelis (2nd week at #1)
2 Every Little Thing She Does is Magic--The Police
3 Arthur's Theme--Christopher Cross
4 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie
5 Start Me Up--Rolling Stones
6 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
7 No Reply at All--Genesis
8 My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone)--Chilliwack
9 Waiting for a Girl Like You--Foreigner
10 Physical--Olivia Newton-John

Singles entering the chart were More Stars on 45 by Stars on 45 (#39); Leather and Lace by Stevie Nicks with Don Henley (#41); I've Done Everything for You by Rick Springfield (#42); Why Do Fools Fall in Love by Diana Ross (#44); The Love of a Woman by Klaatu (#45); Desire by Roni Griffith (#46); Lovin', Kissin' and Huggin' by Powder Blues (#47); and Don't Let Him Know by Prism (#49).

Died on this date
Harry von Zell, 75. U.S. announcer and actor. Mr. von Zell was an announcer for various radio programs, including The March of Time and the shows of comedians such as Eddie Cantor and George Burns in a career spanning more than 40 years. He worked in television in its early years, and starred in his own series of comedy short films for Columbia Pictures (1946-1950). Mr. von Zell died of cancer.

Football
CIAU
Atlantic Bowl
Queen's 14 Acadia 40 @ Halifax

Larry Priestnall rushed for 220 yards and 2 touchdowns to lead the Axemen to an easy win over the Golden Gaels at Huskies Stadium. Acadia scored 17 points in the first 10 minutes of the game and led 40-0 until Queen's scored 2 converted touchdowns late in the 4th quarter.

Western Bowl
Western Ontario 31 @ Alberta 32

Reg Gilmour's 32-yard field goal with 3 seconds remaining in regulation time enabled the defending national champion Golden Bears to advance to the College Bowl again. Mr. Gilmour's kick came on a second-down play, immediately after quarterback Jaimie Crawford had thrown a short sideline pass into the arms of UWO defensive back Bill Harshaw, who dropped it. Mr. Crawford completed 21 of 40 passes for 320 yards and touchdowns of 53 and 55 yards to Troy Ciochetti, and another touchdown to Peter Eshenko. Mr. Gilmour converted all 3 touchdowns and added 2 more field goals and 2 singles. Western running back Greg Marshall rushed for 206 yards and 1 touchdown and was voted the game's most valuable player. Mike Kirkley also rushed for a Mustang touchdown. Western quarterback Andy Rossit completed just 4 of 15 passes for 48 yards, but was able to connect for touchdowns to Craig Board and Ryan Potter. Kevin Rydeard added 4 converts and a field goal. Western scored 21 of its points in the 2nd quarter and 10 in the 3rd. 1,317 fans, including this blogger, were in attendance at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton. The Golden Bears haven't won such an important game since that cloudy Saturday afternoon. For Mr. Marshall, it turned out to be his last complete game.

NCAA
Utah 28 @ Brigham Young 56

Brigham Young quarterback Jim McMahon passed for 565 yards and 4 touchdowns to lead the Cougars to victory.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Zigzagging--Zig and Zag (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Sonny Werblin, 81. U.S. entertainment and sports executive. David Abraham Werblin began working as an agent with the Music Corporation of America in 1932, and led MCA's television division in the 1950s and '60s. He and partners bought the American Football League's New York Titans in 1963 and renamed them the Jets. In 1965, the Jets signed rookie quarterback Joe Namath to a then-unheard of salary of $427,000 over three years, paving the way for modern highly-paid athletes. Mr. Werblin was bought out by his partners before the 1968 season, just before the Jets went on to win their only (so far) Super Bowl championship. Mr. Werblin built the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey and ran it from 1971-1977, and headed Madison Square Garden and its properties--including the New York Rangers and New York Knickerbockers--from 1978-1984. He died of a heart attack just a few days after the death of his third and youngest son Hubbard, 46.

Diplomacy
The United Nations Security Council chose Boutros Boutros-Ghali to be the new Secretary-General of the UN.

Football
CFL
Thanks to the generosity of Mike "Pinball" Clemons of the Toronto Argonauts, this blogger was in attendance at the Manitoba Cenennial Concert Hall in downtown Winnipeg as the outstanding player awards were handed out. Dan Gallagher was the emcee, and Argonauts' co-owner John Candy made a cameo appearance. Burton Cummings performed, as did Maestro Fresh Wes. British Columbia Lions' quarterback Doug Flutie was named the league's Most Outstanding Player, and Lions' running back Jon Volpe was named Most Outstanding Rookie, beating out Raghib "Rocket" Ismail of the Toronto Argonauts. Manitoba Premier Gary Filmon was among those in attendance. 25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Where Do You Go--No Mercy (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Breathe--The Prodigy

Died on this date
Abdus Salam, 70. Pakistani physicist. Dr. Salam, the most prominent physicist in Pakistani history, shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current." He died of progressive supranuclear palsy.

Politics and government
The Canadian Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples released its report. The RCAP recommended that the federal government set up 60-80 new First Nations bodies with self-government, pegging the cost at $30 billion. The RCAP sat for five years and cost $51.2 million.

Education
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Canadian provincial governments weren't constitutionally obliged to fund religious schools; the funding of Roman Catholic schools in Ontario was a separate matter because it was guaranteed at Confederation.

Disasters
33 people were killed and more than 80 injured in an explosion caused by a gas leak at a Humberto Vidal shoe shop in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Gardner McKay, 69. U.S. actor. Mr. McKay was a sculptor and photographer before taking up acting. He was best known for co-starring in the television series Boots and Saddles (1958-1959) and Adventures in Paradise (1959-1962). Mr. McKay quit acting in the late 1960s, and resumed his career as an artist, in addition to writing plays and novels, and teaching writing at several universities. He died of prostate cancer.

Abominations
U.K. singer and music producer Jonathan King was sentenced to seven years in prison for a series of sexual assaults on teenage boys between 1982 and 1987.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Anne McCaffrey, 85. U.S.-born authoress. Miss McCaffrey was a science fiction and fantasy writer who was best known for the Dragonriders of Pern, a series of novellas and novels that she began in 1967, and was contined with and by her son Todd McCaffrey. She moved to Ireland in 1970, and became an Irish citizen.

November 11, 2021

530 years ago
1491

Born on this date
Martin Bucer. French-born German religious reformer. Rev. Bucer joined the Dominican Order in 1507, and was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1516, based in Heidelberg. After meeting Martin Luther in 1518, he arranged for his monastic vows to be annulled, and joined the Protestant Reformation. Mr. Bucer attempted to reform the church in Wissembourg, but he was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church, and was forced to flee to Strasbourg. He acted as a mediator between Mr. Luther and Huldrych Zwingli, who differed on the doctrine of the Eucharist, and tried to unite Protestants and Catholics in a national German church separate from Rome. In 1549, Mr. Bucer was ultimately forced into exile in England, where he influenced the second revision of the Book of Common Prayer. He died in Cambridge on February 28, 1551 at the age of 59.

325 years ago
1696

Born on this date
Andrea Zani. Italian musician and composer. Mr. Zani was a violinist who wrote works for several instruments, most notably the violin. He died on September 28, 1757 at the age of 60.

230 years ago
1791

Born on this date
Josef Munzinger. Swiss politician. Mr. Munzinger was one of the first seven councillors elected to the Swiss Federal Council in 1848. He was President of the Confederation in 1851. Mr. Munzinger died on February 6, 1855 at the age of 63.

200 years ago
1821

Born on this date
Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Russian author. Mr. Dostoyevsky (or Dostoevsky) wrote 12 novels, four novellas, 16 short stories, and numerous other works, and is regarded as one of the world's greatest psychological novelists, exploring philosophical and religious themes in novels such as Crime and Punishment (1866); The Idiot (1869); The Devils (1872); and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). He died on February 9, 1881 at the age of 59, 15 days after suffering a pulmonary hemorrhage.

190 years ago
1831

Died on this date
Nat Turner, 31. U.S. slave. Mr. Turner led a slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia on August 21 that resulted in the deaths of 60 white people and at least 100 Negroes. He remained a fugitive for more than two months before being found on October 30. Mr. Turner was hanged in Jerusalem, Virginia, and his body was flayed, beheaded, and quartered.

150 years ago
1871

Defense
The Royal Canadian Rifles departed Québec for Britain.

Journalism
La Tribune de la presse du Parlement de Québec, possibly the oldest press ombudsman in the world, was founded.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Rabbit Maranville. U.S. baseball player. Walter Maranville was a shortstop with the Boston Braves (1912-1920, 1929-1935); Pittsburgh Pirates (1921-1924); Chicago Cubs (1925); Brooklyn Robins (1926); and St. Louis Cardinals (1927-1928), batting .258 with 28 home runs and 884 runs batted in in 2,670 games. He was with the Braves when they won the World Series in 1914, and with the Cardinals when they won the National League pennant in 1928, batting .308 in both World Series. Mr. Maranville managed the Cubs for part of the 1925 season, compiling a 23-30 record. He was one of the most colourful characters in baseball history, inspiring anecdotes too numerous to be mentioned here. Mr. Maranville died of a heart attack at the age of 62 on January 6, 1954; he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame later that year.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Carlos Eduardo Castañeda. Mexican-born U.S. historian. Dr. Castañeda emigrated to Texas with his family in 1908. He specialized in the history of the Spanish borderlands of the United States, especially Texas. He worked as an investigator for the Fair Employment Practices Committee during World War II, advocating for equal rights for Mexican-Americans. Dr. Castañeda's works included the seven-volume Our Catholic Heritage in Texas (1936-1958). He died on April 3, 1958 at the age of 61.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
F. Van Wyck Mason. U.S. historian and author. Francis Van Wyck Mason wrote pulp adventure and historical short stories and novels. 25 of his novels featured a character named Hugh North, a prototype for James Bond. Mr. Mason drowned while swimming off the coast of Bermuda on August 28, 1978 at the age of 66.

Sam Spiegel. Austro-Hungarian-born U.S. movie producer. Mr. Spiegel worked in Germany before emigrating to Mexico in 1933 and the United States in 1938. He was an independent movie producer, using the alias S.P. Eagle until 1954, and winning Academy Awards for Best Picture for On the Waterfront (1954); The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957); and Lawrence of Arabia (1962). Mr. Spiegel was a notorious sexual degenerate, and died on December 31, 1985 at the age of 84.

110 years ago
1911

Weather
Many cities in the Midwestern United States broke their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolled through. At least 13 tornadoes struck the Great Lakes, killing at least nine people and injuring 50 more.

Transportation
The Dominion Atlantic Railway (DAR) was formally leased to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) for 999 years, effective January 1, 1912.

Football
CRU
ORFU
Toronto Amateur Athletic Club (3-2) 11 @ Hamilton (5-0) 18

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Terrel Bell. U.S. politician. Dr. Bell was U.S. Commissioner of Education (1974-1976) in the administration of President Gerald Ford and Secretary of Education (1981-1984) in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. He persuaded Mr. Reagan to appoint a commission to study excellence in education, which resulted in the report A Nation at Risk (1983). Dr. Bell died in his sleep of pulmonary fibrosis on June 22, 1996 at the age of 74.

Americana
President Warren G. Harding dedicated the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Memorial Amphitheater in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.



90 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Three Gables

Died on this date
Shibusawa Eiichi, 1st Viscount Shibusawa, 91. Japanese businessman. Mr. Eiichi was known as the "Father of Japanese capitalism," founding hundreds of corporations as well as the First National Bank.

Canadiana
Remembrance Day was observed under that name for the first time; since 1921 it had been known as Armistice Day.

80 years ago
1941

Football
NFL
Staten Island (2-5-1) 12 @ Portsmouth (9-2) 14

War
The British government claimed that seven more Italian ships had been sunk by British submarines in the Mediterranean Sea following the sinking of two convoys on November 9.

Diplomacy
The Finnish government sent a note to Washington rejecting the U.S. warning to halt the Finnish invasion of Russia or lose American friendship.

Politics and government
Manuel Quezon, running on the Nacionalista Party ticket, was re-elected by a wide margin to another four-year term as President of the Philippines.

Labour
The day after the U.S. National Defense Mediation Board rejected the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America's demand for a closed shop, CIO President Philip Murray and UMW Secretary-Treasurer Thomas Kennedy resigned from the NDMB in protest. They had cast the only dissenting votes on the closed shop matter.

American Federation of Labor building craftsmen were ordered by their leaders to return to work at noon on November 12 after striking on $23 million worth of U.S. Navy and Marine construction in San Diego the previous day.

Boxing
Lenny Mancini (31-6-3) won a 10-round split decision over Canadian lightweight champion Dave Castilloux (92-16-7) before 4,000 fans at the Montreal Forum. It was Mr. Mancini's last fight before entering the U.S. Army.

Football
CRU
WIFU
Finals
Regina 12 @ Winnipeg 18 (Best-of-three series tied 1-1)

Quarterback Wayne Sheley scored 2 touchdowns to lead the Blue Bombers past the Roughriders at Osborne Stadium. Ches McCance scored the other Winnipeg touchdown and converted all 3 scores.

Baseball
The Baseball Writers Association of America named New York Yankees' center fielder Joe DiMaggio as the American League's Most Valuable Player for 1941. He batted .357 with 30 home runs and a league-leading 126 runs batted in as the Yankees won the World Series. The highlight of Mr. DiMaggio's season was a 56-game hitting streak, which remains the major league record.

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Rumors are Flying--Frankie Carle and his Orchestra (3rd week at #1)
--The Andrews Sisters with Les Paul
--Betty Rhodes
--Tony Martin
2 To Each His Own--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra with Eddy Howard and Trio
--The Ink Spots
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra with Stuart Wade
--Tony Martin
--The Modernaires with Paula Kelly
3 Five Minutes More--Frank Sinatra
--Tex Beneke and the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--The Three Suns
4 Ole Buttermilk Sky--Kay Kyser and his Orchestra
--Paul Weston and his Orchestra with Matt Dennis
--Helen Carroll and the Satisfiers
--Hoagy Carmichael
5 South America, Take it Away--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters
--Xavier Cugat and the Waldorf-Astoria Orchestra
6 The Things We Did Last Summer--Frank Sinatra
--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
7 Surrender--Perry Como
--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
8 This is Always--Harry James and his Orchestra
--Jo Stafford
9 Passe--Tex Beneke and the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--Margaret Whiting
10 Pretending--Andy Russell

Singles entering the chart were the version of Ole Buttermilk Sky by Helen Carroll and the Satisfiers; Sooner or Later (You’re Gonna Be Comin’ Around) (#21)/Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah (#26) by Sammy Kaye and his “Swing And Sway” Orchestra; and The Best Man, with versions by the King Cole Trio, and Les Brown and his Orchestra (#28). Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah was a version of a song from the movie Song of the South (1946).

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis and Howard McNear, on MBS
Tonight`s episode: The Tin Cup Mystery

Died on this date
Maynard Dixon, 71. U.S. artist. Mr. Dixon was known for his paintings of the American West in the early decades of the 20th century, and paintings of social realism in the 1930s.

Music
A manuscript of a previously unknown string quartet by Benjamin Franklin was discovered in Paris.

Diplomacy
Albanian Premier Enver Hoxha protested to the United Nations against a British decision to begin mine-clearing operations between Corfu and Albania. He also decried the entry of an American ship into the Albanian port of Durazzo to remove the American mission to Albania.

Business
U.S. military authorities announced a plan to break up the I.G. Farben chemical combine in the American occupation zone of Germany into 30 independent companies; 400 Danube River barges and ships held by U.S. forces were also ordered to be returned to Yugoslavia and other owners.

Football
Canadian university
Queen's 8 @ Western Ontario (6-0) 47

The Mustangs clinched the Yates Cup with their win over the Golden Gaels at J.W. Little Memorial Stadium in London.

AAFC
Chicago (4-4-2) 20 @ Miami (1-8) 7

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Out There, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Sense of Wonder, starring Casey Allen, Paul Anderson, and Russell Collins

Music
The single Cry, backed with The Little White Cloud that Cried, performed by Johnnie Ray and the Four Lads, was released on Okeh Records. Cry became one of the biggest hits of the 1950s, reaching #1 on the charts of both Billboard and Cash Box magazines. The Little White Cloud that Cried, which was written by Mr. Ray, reached #2 in Billboard.

War
U.S. delegates at Panmunjom listed their "non-negotiable" demands for a Korean truce, including a cease-fire line on the actual fighting front; safeguards against a Communist buildup during the cease-fire; and "quick and satisfactory" arrangements for a prisoner of war exchange.

Politics and government
Juan Perón and Hortencio Quijano were re-elected President and Vice President of Argentina, respectively, receiving 63.51% of the vote to 32.33% for the closest challenger, Unión Cívica Radical (Radical Civic Union) candidates Ricardo Balbín and Arturo Frondizi. The UCR boycotted a number of the elections to the Chamber of Deputies and all of the Senate races. The Peronist Party won 135 of 149 Chamber seats, with the UCR taking the remaining 14. The Peronists won all 15 Senate seats and all 14 provincial gubernatorial elections.

Former U.S. Senator Millard Tydings (Democrat--Maryland) offered Sen. Joseph McCarthy (Republican--Wisconsin) $10,000 if he could prove there were "57 card-carrying Communists" in the State Department.

Labour
Ronald Reagan was re-elected president of the American Federation of Labor Screen Actors Guild.

Football
NFL
Chicago Cardinals (1-6) 21 @ Los Angeles (5-2) 45
Detroit (4-2-1) 41 @ Chicago Bears (5-2) 28
Green Bay (3-4) 7 @ Pittsburgh (2-4-1) 28
New York Yanks (0-6-1) 14 @ San Francisco (4-3) 19
Philadelphia (3-4) 17 @ Cleveland (6-1) 20
Washington (2-5) 14 @ New York Giants (5-1-1) 28

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Crying/Candy Man--Roy Orbison (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: La novia--Domenico Modugno (6th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Weiße Rosen aus Athen--Nana Mouskouri (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Dutch Top 40): Och was ik maar bij moeder thuis gebleven--Johnny Hoes (8th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame--Elvis Presley

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Big Bad John--Jimmy Dean (2nd week at #1)
2 Runaround Sue--Dion
3 Bristol Stomp--The Dovells
4 Please Mr. Postman--The Marvelettes
5 Hit the Road Jack--Ray Charles and his Orchestra
6 This Time--Troy Shondell
7 I Love How You Love Me--The Paris Sisters
8 Sad Movies (Make Me Cry)--Sue Thompson
--The Lennon Sisters
9 The Fly--Chubby Checker
10 Fool #1--Brenda Lee

Singles entering the chart were Language of Love by John D. Loudermilk (#71); Smile by Timi Yuro (#85); It's All Because by Linda Scott (#91); Up a Lazy River by Si Zentner and his Orchestra (#98); and Turn Around, Look at Me by Glen Campbell (#100). It's All Because was the B-side of I Don't Know Why, which charted at #51.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Flying Blue Angels--George, Johnny and the Pilots (2nd week at #1)
2 Goodbye Cruel World--James Darren
3 Language of Love--John D. Loudermilk
4 Blue Hawaii (LP)--Elvis Presley
5 Town Without Pity--Gene Pitney
6 God, Country and My Baby--Johnny Burnette
7 Let Me Tell You About Johnny--Dodie Stevens
8 Tower of Strength--Gene McDaniels
9 Runaround Sue--Dion
10 Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen--Neil Sedaka

Singles entering the chart were Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen; Walkin' with My Angel by Bobby Vee (#13); The Lion Sleeps Tonight by the Tokens (#27); Never Take it Away by the Redwoods (#43); Burma Shave by Roger Miller (#46); and I Don't Know Why by Linda Scott (#49).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Blue Hawaii (LP)--Elvis Presley
2 Goodbye Cruel World--James Darren
3 Language of Love--John D. Loudermilk
4 Flying Blue Angels--George, Johnny and the Pilots
5 God, Country and My Baby--Johnny Burnette
6 Walk on By--Leroy Van Dyke
7 Tower of Strength--Gene McDaniels
8 Big Bad John--Jimmy Dean
9 In the Middle of a Heartache--Wanda Jackson
10 English Country Garden--Jimmie Rodgers

Singles entering the chart were Moon River, with versions by Jerry Butler; and Henry Mancini, his Orchestra and Chorus (#18); Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen by Neil Sedaka (#25); September in the Rain by Dinah Washington (#31); Dreamin' About You by Annette and the Vonnair Sisters (#35); Trade Winds by Dodie Stevens (#38); Walkin' with My Angel/Run to Him by Bobby Vee (#39); and Crazy by Patsy Cline (#40).

On television tonight
The Roaring 20's, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Everybody Loves Benny

Abominations
13 Italian Air Force servicemen, deployed to Congo (Leopoldville) as a part of the United Nations peacekeeping force, were massacred by a mob in Kindu.

Football
CFL
Eastern Semi-Final
Toronto 43 @ Ottawa 19

Western Semi-Finals (First game of 2-game total points series)
Edmonton 8 @ Calgary 10

Toronto quarterback Tobin Rote threw 4 touchdown passes to Ron Morris and rushed for 2 more touchdowns himself as the Argonauts ended the Rough Riders' reign as Grey Cup champions before 19,151 fans at Lansdowne Park. Ottawa trailed 21-0 at halftime, but quarterback Ron Lancaster threw touchdown passes of 7 yards to Bill Sowalski and 72 yards to Bob Simpson in the 3rd quarter to reduce the deficit to 21-13 before the Argonauts put the game away with 3 touchdowns in a span of just 3 minutes and 37 seconds. Russ Jackson relieved Mr. Lancaster late in the game and rushed 3 yards for the game's final touchdown.



Harvey Wylie returned an interception 70 yards for a touchdown in the last minute of the game to give the Stampeders the win over the Eskimos before 20,000 fans at McMahon Stadium. The Eskimos, who had trailed 4-1 after 3 quarters, had just taken the lead moments before Mr. Wylie's score, on a touchdown pass from Don Getty to Bobby Walden, converted by Jackie Parker. Edmonton linebacker Al Ecuyer then intercepted a pass from Calgary quarterback Eagle Day, but Mr. Getty threw his interception to Mr. Wylie on the next play.

Canadian university
SIFL
Queen's (5-1) 7 @ McGill (4-2) 15
Western Ontario (2-4) 21 @ Toronto (1-5) 14

Tom Skypeck threw touchdown passes of 27 yards to Willie Lambert and 8 yards to Don Taylor as the Redmen defeated the Golden Gaels at Molson Stadium to end the regular season. Under the rules then in place, if the second-place team had beaten the first-place team at least once during the season, the second-place team had a right to request a playoff game to decide the league championship. The rematch was to take place a week later at Richardson Stadium in Kingston.

Whit Tucker rushed 54 yards for the winning touchdown, his second of the game, as the Mustangs beat the Varsity Blues before 7,136 fans at Varsity Stadium.

AFL
Oakland (2-7) 12 @ New York (5-4) 23

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Mamy Blue--Pop-Tops (4th week at #)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Did You Ever--Nancy Sinatra & Lee Hazlewood (6th week at #1)

Politics and government
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Clifford Hardin resigned in order to become vice-chairman of the Ralston-Purina Company. U.S. President Richard Nixon named Earl Butz, dean of continuing education at Purdue University and an Agriculture Department official in the administraton of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, to replace Mr. Hardin as Agriculture Secretary.

40 years ago
1981

Diplomacy
Antigua and Barbuda, which had recently obtained its independence from the United Kingdom, joined the United Nations.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Alone--B'z

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Onnellinen perhe--Ne Luumäet (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (5th week at #1)

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Zero--The Smashing Pumpkins (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): I Can't Help Myself (I Love You, I Want You)--The Kelly Family (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)--Backstreet Boys

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 If it Makes You Happy--Sheryl Crow
2 Head Over Feet--Alanis Morissette
3 He Liked to Feel It--Crash Test Dummies
4 It's All Coming Back to Me Now--Celine Dion
5 Let's Make a Night to Remember--Bryan Adams
6 Test for Echo--Hush
7 Leave it Alone--Moist
8 Nowhere to Go--Melissa Etheridge
9 Burden in My Hand--Soundgarden
10 Key West Intermezzo (I Saw You First)--John Mellencamp

Singles entering the chart were That Thing You Do! by the Wonders (#89); Fly Like an Eagle by Seal (#97); If We Fall in Love Tonight by Rod Stewart (#98); Just Between You and Me by dc talk (#99); and Mach 5 by the Presidents of the United States of America (#100).

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Volker Handloik 40. German journalist. Johanne, Sutton, 34; Pierre Bilaud, 31. French journalists. Messrs. Handloik and Billaud and Miss Sutton were covering the war in Afghanistan and travelling on a Northern Alliance armoured personnel carrier and were killed in an ambush in Dashti Qaleh, Takhar Province when they came under attack by Taliban troops with machine guns and a rocket-propelled grenade launcher. Australian journalist Paul McGeough and French journalist Véronique Reyberotte survived the attack.

Football
CFL
Eastern Semi-Final
Montreal 12 @ Hamilton 24

Archie Amerson scored 2 touchdowns and amassed 250 yards on pass receptions and kick returns to lead the Tiger-Cats past the Alouettes at Ivor Wynne Stadium. Quarterback Danny McManus scored the other Hamilton touchdown as they handed the Alouettes their eighth straight loss. One of the Montreal players whose career ended with this game was slotback Jock Climie, who was in his 12th season in the CFL.



Western Semi-Final
British Columbia 19 @ Calgary 28

Marcus Crandell threw a 4-yard touchdown pass to offensive lineman Marc Pilon, who was lined up as an eligible receiver, to put the Stampeders ahead of the Lions in the 4th quarter at McMahon Stadium, and they held on to end the Lions' reign as Grey Cup champions (see video). Earlier in the game, Mr. Crandell had connected with Marc Boerigter on a 68-yard touchdown pass. Mel Long scored the only B.C. touchdown on a pass from quarterback Damon Allen. B.C. kicker Matt Kellett missed 3 of 6 field goal attempts.

CIS
Hardy Trophy
Regina 17 @ Manitoba 23

Ken Vermette rushed 30 times for 218 yards and a touchdown to help the Bisons defeat the Rams at Canad Inns Stadium in Winnipeg to win their first western title since 1973.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Francisco Blake Mora, 45. Mexican politician. Mr. Blake Mora held several offices in local, state, and national politics in Baja California before being appointed Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of President Felipe Calderón in July 2010. Mr. Blake Mora was known for his opposition to Baja California's drug cartels. He and seven other people were killed in a helicopter crash just outside Mexico City; the weather was foggy, and visibility may have been a factor.

Football
CIS
Hardy Cup
British Columbia 13 @ Calgary 62

Steven Lumbala rushed for 198 yards and quarterback Eric Dzwilewski rushed for 4 touchdowns to help the Dinos rout the Thunderbirds at McMahon Stadium to win their fourth consecutive Canada West championship. The Dinos put the game away with 35 points in the 4th quarter. Calgary defensive back Wyatt Getty, grandson of former Edmonton Eskimos' quarterback Don Getty, returned an interception for a Calgary touchdown, 50 years to the day after his grandfather had surrendered an interception for a touchdown in the same stadium.

November 9, 2021

290 years ago
1731

Born on this date
Benjamin Banneker. U.S. mathematician and astronomer. Mr. Banneker, born in Ellicott's Mills, Maryland, was one of the first Negro Americans to achieve distinction in science. He was self-taught in astronomy and mathematics, built a clock entirely out of wood that kept accurate time for decades, accurately predicted eclipses, and compiled his Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris… annually from 1791-1802. Mr. Banneker died on October 25, 1806, 15 days before his 75th birthday.

230 years ago
1791

Politics and government
The Society of United Irishmen was founded in Dublin.

220 years ago
1801

Born on this date
Gail Borden. U.S. surveyor and inventor. Mr. Borden worked as a surveyor in Texas in the 1830s, and helped to plan the cities of Houston and Galveston in 1836. In 1853, he created a process to make sweetened condensed milk. Mr. Borden founded the New York Condensed Milk Company in 1857, which became known as Borden Dairy Company after his death on January 11, 1874 at the age of 72.

Died on this date
Carl Stamitz, 56. German composer. Mr. Stamitz was a court violinist who wrote 50 symphonies, 38 symphonies concertantes, numerous concertos for various instruments, chamber works, and two operas. He died after gradually descending into poverty.

180 years ago
1841

Born on this date
Edward VII. King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions and Emperor of India, 1901-1910. Edward VII was the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and held various titles, including Prince of Wales. He was generally regarded as a playboy until succeeding to the throne at the age of 59 upon the death of his mother on January 22, 1901. Edward VII was a popular king and an effective diplomat; it's been said that if he had lived much longer, World War I may have been averted. He died on May 6, 1910 at the age of 68 after suffering the last of several heart attacks on his last day.

170 years ago
1851

Crime
Kentucky marshals abducted abolitionist and Methodist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and took him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.

160 years ago
1861

Football
The first documented Canadian rugby football game was played, at the University of Toronto, on the present site of University College west of Queen's Park. One participant in the intramural game was a University of Toronto student named William Mulock, the future U of T Chancellor.

140 years ago
1881

War
Mapuche rebels attacked the fortified Chilean settlement of Temuco.

130 years ago
1891

Football
ORFU
Final (Replay of November 6 tie game)
Osgoode Hall 18 @ University of Toronto 2

120 years ago
1901

Football
CRU
ORFU
Ottawa (4-1) 8 @ Kingston (1-4) 1
Hamilton (1-4) 8 @ Toronto (4-1) 19

110 years ago
1911

Died on this date
Howard Pyle, 58. U.S. author and illustrator. Mr. Pyle wrote and illustrated children's novels, including The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood (1883) and Men of Iron (1891). he as been credited with creating the modern stereotype of pirate dress. Mr. Pyle founded the Howard Pyle School of Illustration Art in the early 1900s, and influenced many subsequent artists. He moved to Florence in 1910, but suffered from poor health, and died from Bright's disease.

80 years ago
1941

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Stockbroker's Clerk

Died on this date
Fakhri Bey Nashashibi. Palestinian politician. Mr. Nashashibi, the mayor of Bethlehem and pro-British Arab leader in Palestine, was assassinated in Baghdad on the orders of Haj Amin al-Husseini, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. The Nashashibi and Husseini families were rivals for leadership in the Palestinian Arab community.

War
The British government claimed that two Italian convoys comprising 10 merchant ships and a destroyer had been sunk south of Taranto by British surface vessels after a battle with Italian warships.

Religion
For the first time since the German invasion of Russia on June 22, many Roman Catholic clergymen in Germany denounced Bolshevism in sermons and upheld the war as a drive against Bolshevist ideology.

Education
The Vichy French regime announced new laws granting subsidies to church primary schools.

Economics and finance
U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull announced that 519 pro-Axis firms and individuals in Latin America had been added to the U.S. trade blacklist and that 59 names had been deleted.

Disasters
12 people were killed and 42 injured when the Pennsylvania Railroad's luxury Pennsylvanian passenger train crashed at Dunkirk, Ohio.

Football
NFL
Detroit (2-5-1) 13 @ New York (6-2) 20
Cleveland (2-7) 13 @ Chicago Bears (6-1) 31
Pittsburgh (0-7-1) 7 @ Philadelphia (2-5-1) 7
Washington (5-2) 7 @ Brooklyn (5-3) 13

75 years ago
1946

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Rumors are Flying--Frankie Carle and his Orchestra with Marjorie Hughes (Best Seller--4th week at #1; Juke Box--3rd week at #1; Airplay--3rd week at #1; Honor Roll of Hits--2nd week at #1)

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Tom Conway and Nigel Bruce, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Dying Schoolboys

Diplomacy
A plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly admitted Afghanistan, Iceland, and Sweden, increasing membership to 54 nations.

Politics and government
Vietnamese nationalists under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh approved a new constitution for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, not mentioning Vietnamese membership in the French Union, and claiming Cochin China as an integral part of Vietnam.

Defense
The U.S. War Department announced plans for construction of a $20-million nuclear research laboratory, to be operated by General Electric, in Schenectady, New York to study use of atomic energy in power generation.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman removed all price, wage, and salary controls except ceilings on rents, sugar, and rice.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Hamilton (0-10-2) 6 @ Ottawa (6-4-2) 23
Montreal (7-3-2) 18 @ Toronto (7-3-2) 4

ORFU
Semi-Finals
Sarnia 5 @ Hamilton 14

The Wildcats defeated the Imperials at Civic Stadium to advance to the final against Toronto Balmy Beach, who had defeated the Toronto Indians the previous day in the other semi-final.

Canadian university
Toronto (4-2) 17 @ McGill (1-5) 6
Queen's (1-5) 8 @ Western Ontario (6-0) 47

NCAA
Army, the defending U.S. national champion and undefeated in 25 games, and second-ranked and undefeated Notre Dame played to a historic 0-0 tie before 74,000 fans at Yankee Stadium in New York. The Fighting Irish's Johnny Lujack made a brilliant tackle of the Cadets' Doc Blanchard to keep the game scoreless, and Notre Dame finished No. 1 in the Associated Press poll at the end of the season.

70 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Tales of Tomorrow, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Search for the Flying Saucer, starring Jack Carter, Olive Deering, Maurice Manson, and Vaughn Taylor



Died on this date
Sigmund Romberg, 64. Hungarian-born U.S. composer. Mr. Romberg was a violinist and pianist who emigrated to New York in 1909. He was known for his musicals and operettas, including The Student Prince (1924); The Desert Song (1926); and The New Moon (1928). Mr. Romberg died from a stroke in his suite at the Ritz Towers Hotel in New York City.

Defense
The U.S.A., U.K., France, and Turkey informed the Arab states and Israel of their desire to proceed with the formation of a Middle Eastern defense organization.

Religion
The unofficial London Church of England Newspaper denounced Pope Pius XII's statement opposing abortion even to save a mother's life as "inhuman, callous and cruel."

Labour
A 25-day-old wildcat dock strike in New York ended as workers returned to their jobs pending an inquiry by a state fact-finding board. Dock workers in Boston and Philadelphia also returned to work.

Boxing
Coley Wallace (15-1) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Aaron Wilson (19-5) in a heavyweight bout at Madison Square Garden in New York. On the undercard, Charley Norkus (17-6) won an 8-round decision over Keene Simmons (8-14-1) in a heavyweight bout.



60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Johnny Remember Me--John Leyton

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame/Little Sister--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Matt Bass Scheme

Canadiana
Prime Minister John Diefenbaker announced the construction of a Canadian Museum of History, to be completed by July 1, 1967; it later evolved into the Canadian Museum of Civilization.

Football
Canadian university
Saskatchewan (0-4-1) 1 @ British Columbia (3-0-1) 3

In what must rank as one of the worst games of Canadian football ever played, the Thunderbirds, who had already clinched the western championship, ended the season with a win over the Huskies on a Thursday afternoon on a muddy field before 800 rain-soaked fans at Varsity Stadium in Vancouver. Barry Carkner punted 3 times for singles to account for the UBC scoring, while Galen Van Cleave scored for Saskatchewan with a single on a wide field goal attempt in the 4th quarter. Dale West rushed 85 yards for a Saskatchewan touchdown in the 1st quarter, but it was called back on a penalty; he still led all rushers with 92 yards on 12 carries. The teams totalled just 12 first downs, and neither team was able to complete a pass, as UBC was 0 for 3 in pass attempts and Saskatchewan 0 for 4, with each team making an interception. UBC amassed 200 yards rushing to 154 for Saskatchewan, but the teams combined for 5 fumbles and 26 punts.

50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvنllstoppen): Anna och Mej--Lalla Hansson (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Mamy Blue--Pop-Tops (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Maude Fealy, 88. U.S. actress. Miss Fealy, born Maude Mary Hawk, began her career on stage in 1896, and toured in the United States and United Kingdom through the 1900s. She appeared in more than 20 movies from 1911-1917, and in minor roles in several movies from 1931-1958, including several directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Miss Fealy taught acting, and wrote several plays that were produced.

Art
The Vancouver Art Gallery opened the Sculpture-Inuit: Masterworks of the Canadian Arctic exhibition, organized by the Canadian Eskimo Arts Council; it later toured Paris, Copenhagen, Leningrad, Moscow, and London, before moving to Philadelphia and then the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa.

Transportation
Canadian Pacific withdrew the liner Empress of Canada from transatlantic route, marking the end of regular passenger service due to cheaper airline flights.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Start Me Up--Rolling Stones

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Gingiragin ni Sarigenaku--Masahiko Kondō (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Ma Quale Idea--Pino D'Angio (7th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Ja, wenn wir alle Englein wären--Fred Sonnenschein und seine Freunde (3rd week at #1)

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): I'm Too Sexy--Right Said Fred

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): The Fly--U2 (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): The Fly--U2

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Spread Love--Cut 'N' Move

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Crucified--Army of Lovers

#1 single in France (SNEP): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Dizzy--Vic Reeves and the Wonder Stuff

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Let's Talk About Sex!--Salt-N-Pepa
2 James Brown is Dead--L.A. Style
3 Everybody's Free (To Feel Good)--Rozalla
4 Hail Hail Rock 'n Roll--Garland Jeffreys
5 35 Koeien--André Van Duin
6 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
7 Kon Ik Maar Even Bij Je Zijn--Gordon
8 Can't Stop this Thing We Started--Bryan Adams
9 The Fly--U2
10 I Adore Mi Amor--Color Me Badd

Singles entering the chart were James Brown is Still Alive!! by Holy Noise featuring the Global Insert Project (#22); The Show Must Go On by Queen (#29); Caribbean Blue by Enya (#32); Radio Wall of Sound by Slade (#35); and Over and Over Again by Robby Valentine (#39).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Cream--Prince and the New Power Generation
2 Romantic--Karyn White
3 Can't Stop this Thing We Started--Bryan Adams
4 Real Real Real--Jesus Jones
5 When a Man Loves a Woman--Michael Bolton
6 O.P.P.--Naughty by Nature
7 Emotions--Mariah Carey
8 It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday--Boyz II Men
9 Do Anything--Natural Selection featuring Niki Haris
10 Set the Night to Music--Roberta Flack with Maxi Priest

Singles entering the chart were All 4 Love by Color Me Badd (#37); Wildside by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch (#47); 2 Legit 2 Quit by MC Hammer (#61); Home Sweet Home by Motley Crue (#72); The Fly by U2 (#74); Send Me an Angel by the Scorpions (#82); Just a Touch of Love by C + C Music Factory presents Zelma Davis (#87); Tell Me What You Want Me to Do by Tevin Campbell (#93); and Double Good Everything by Smokey Robinson (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Can't Stop this Thing We Started--Bryan Adams
2 Cream--Prince and the New Power Generation
3 Romantic--Karyn White
4 Emotions--Mariah Carey
5 Hole Hearted--Extreme
6 That's What Love is For--Amy Grant
7 Real Real Real--Jesus Jones
8 Don't Cry--Guns 'N' Roses
9 Set the Night to Music--Roberta Flack with Maxi Priest
10 When a Man Loves a Woman--Michael Bolton

Singles entering the chart were Change by Lisa Stansfield (#75); Send Me an Angel by the Scorpions (#82); Feels Like Another One by Patti LaBelle (#86); In My Dreams by the Party (#89); and I Can't Make You Love Me by Bonnie Raitt (#90);

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Can't Stop this Thing We Started--Bryan Adams (2nd week at #1)
2 Emotions--Mariah Carey
3 Life is a Highway--Tom Cochrane
4 Calling Elvis--Dire Straits
5 What About Now--Robbie Robertson
6 Get a Leg Up--John Mellencamp
7 Love...Thy Will Be Done--Martika
8 My Town--Glass Tiger
9 Cream--Prince and the New Power Generation
10 The Real Love--Bob Seger

Singles entering the chart were Keep Coming Back by Richard Marx (#36); No Son of Mine by Genesis (#37); You May Be Right by the Grapes of Wrath (#51); Say You Don't Love Me by Honeymoon Suite (#84); Copperline by James Taylor (#95); All I Need is You by Blue Train (#96); You're the Voice by Heart (#97); Change by Lisa Stansfield (#98); and Groovy Train by the Farm (#99).

Died on this date
Yves Montand, 70. Italian-born French actor and singer. Mr. Montand, born Ivo Levi, moved to France with his parents in 1923. He became a popular music hall singer and recording artist, and appeared in movies such as Let's Make Love (1960); Z (1969); Jean de Florette (1986); and Manon des Sources (1986). Mr. Montand died of a heart attack, 27 days after his 70th birthday, and hours after completing the filming of IP 5 - L'île aux pachydermes (1992), a film about a man having a heart attack.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): Wannabe--Spice Girls (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Born Slippy--Underworld (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): It's All Coming Back to Me Now--Céline Dion

#1 single in Wallonia (Ultratop 40): Aïcha--Khaled (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Freed from Desire--Gala (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): I Can't Help Myself--The Kelly Family (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): What Becomes of the Brokenhearted/Saturday Night at the Movies/You'll Never Walk Alone--Robson & Jerome

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 No Diggity--BLACKstreet (featuring Dr. Dre)
2 It's All Coming Back to Me Now--Celine Dion
3 I Love You Always Forever--Donna Lewis
4 Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)--Los Del Rio
5 Un-Break My Heart--Toni Braxton
6 This is for the Lover in You--Babyface featuring LL Cool J, Howard Hewett, Jody Watley & Jeffrey Daniels
7 Mouth--Merril Bainbridge
8 Where Do You Go--No Mercy
9 Twisted--Keith Sweat
10 Nobody--Keith Sweat featuring Athena Cage

Singles entering the chart were I'm Still in Love with You by New Edition (#16); Don't Let Go (Love) by En Vogue (#25); Street Dreams by Nas (#39); Never Leave Me Alone by Nate Dogg featuring Snoop Doggy Dogg (#50); No Time by Lil' Kim featuring Puff Daddy (#59); Hero of the Day by Metallica (#89); Come See Me by 112 (#90); Devil's Haircut by Beck (#98); and I Fell in Love by Rockwell (#100).

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Cash Box): It's All Coming Back to Me Now--Celine Dion (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Joe Ghiz, 51. Canadian politician. Mr. Ghiz led the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party from 1981-1993 and was Premier of Prince Edward Island from 1986-1993. He was of Lebanese ancestry and was the first provincial premier to be of non-European descent. Mr. Ghiz died of cancer; his son Robert was Premier of Prince Edward Island from 2007-2015.

Boxing
Evander Holyfield (33-3), a 5½-1 underdog, won the World Boxing Association heavyweight title with a technical knockout of Mike Tyson (45-2) 37 seconds into the 11th of a scheduled 12 rounds at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. Mr. Holyfield sent Mr. Tyson to the canvas in the sixth round and staggered him in the 10th. It was the beginning of the end for Mr. Tyson, who had lost to Buster Douglas in 1990 before serving three years in prison for rape.



Football
CIAU
Hardy Cup
British Columbia 16 @ Saskatchewan 37

Tony Chad rushed 20 times for 187 yards to help the Huskies defeat the Thunderbirds at Griffiths Stadium in Saskatoon. Akbal Singh scored both UBC touchdowns on a 22-yard pass from Shawn Olson and a 65-yard rush.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Giovanni Leone, 93. Prime Minister of Italy, 1963, 1968; 6th President of Italy, 1971-1978. Mr. Leone, a Christian Democrat, sat in the Chamber of Deputies from 1948-1963, and was President of the Chamber from 1955-1963, followed immediately by six months as Prime Minister from June-December 1963. He was made a Life Senator in 1967 and served as Prime Minister again from June-December 1968. Mr. Leone was elected President by the Parliament in 1971, and served until he was forced to resign in June 1978 over unproven allegations of involvement in bribery by Lockheed Aircraft of Italian politicians to purchase Hercules planes for the military. Mr. Leone died six days after his 93rd birthday.

Niels Jannasch, 77. German-born Canadian historian and curator. Mr. Jannasch was a mariner with the Kriegsmarine in World War II who emigrated to Halifax after the war. In 1959, he became the first director of the Maritime Museum of Canada--renamed the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in 1981, overseeing its growth until his retirement in 1985. Mr. Jannasch died at his home in Seabright, Nova Scotia.

War
The northern Afghan city of Mazar-e-Sharif fell to the Northern Alliance in the first major territorial advance for the rebels against the ruling Taliban.

10 years ago
2011

Scandal
The Pennsylvania State University Board of Trustees fired longtime head football coach Joe Paterno, while university president Graham Spanier resigned, over their handling of child sex abuse allegations against former assistant coach Jerry Sandusky, who had been charged on November 5 with more than 40 offenses. Mr. Paterno, in his 46th season as head coach of the Nittany Lions, had decided to retire at the end of the season in order not to be a distraction, but the Board decided to fire him instead. That night, several thousand Penn State students chanting Paterno's name rioted in the streets, hurling rocks, tearing down street signs, and overturning a news van. Mr. Spanier had resigned in response to an ultimatum that demanded that he resign or be fired. Defensive coordinator Tom Bradley replaced Mr. Paterno as interim head coach of the Nittany Lions, who were 8-1 with three games remaining in the regular season.