October 22, 2011

1,560 years ago
451

Religion
The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, was adopted by the Council of Chalcedon.

1,270 years ago
741

Died on this date
Charles Martel, 53 (?). Duke and Prince of the Franks, 718-741. Duke Charles, the illegitimate son of Pepin of Herstal, succeeded his father, and was de facto ruler of Francia. He has been credited with a seminal role in the development of Frankish feudalism, but is best known for defeating invading forces of the Umayyad Caliphate in the Battle of Tours (732). A year before his death, Duke Charles divided the kingdom between his sons Carloman and Pepin, the latter of whom was the father of Emperor Charlemagne.

310 years ago
1701

Born on this date
Maria Amalia. Holy Roman Empress, 1742-1745. Maria Amalia, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I and Empress Wilhelmina Amalia, married Prince-Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria in 1722. She became Electress of Bavaria in 1726 and queen consort of Bohemia (1741) and Holy Roman Empress consort (1742) upon her husband's coronation as Emperor Charles VII. He died on January 20, 1745, and was succeeded by Francis I. Dowager Empress Maria Amalia resided at Fuerstenried Palace in Munich until her death on December 11, 1756 at the age of 55.

290 years ago
1721

Russiana
The Russian Empire was proclaimed by Czar Peter I "the Great" after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War.

270 years ago
1741

Died on this date
Willem IV, 40. Prince of Orange and Prince of Orange-Nassau, 1711-1751. Willem IV was Prince of Orange and Prince of Orange-Nassau from birth, six weeks after the accidental drowning of his father Johan Willem Friso. Willem IV was Stadtholder of Friesland, Stadtholder of Groningen, and Stadtholder of Guelders before becoming the first hereditary Stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands in 1747, serving until his death from a stroke. He was succeeded in his existing titles by his son Willem V.

200 years ago
1811

Born on this date
Franz Liszt. Hungarian musician and composer. Mr. Liszt was the most praised pianist of his day, and composed works too numerous to mention here. He died on July 31, 1886 at the age of 74.

190 years ago
1821

Born on this date
Collis Potter Huntington. U.S. railroad magnate. Mr. Huntington was one of the Big Four--with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker--who invested in Theodore Judah's idea to build the Central Pacific Railroad in the 1860s as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Mr. Huntington also helped to develop and lead other major railroads, such as the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O). He died on August 13, 1900 at the age of 78.

175 years ago
1836

Politics and government
Sam Houston was inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Clinton Davisson. U.S. physicist. Dr. Davisson shared the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics with George Paget Thomson "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals." Dr. Davisson died on February 1, 1958 at the age of 76.

Football
Canadian university
McGill University and the University of Toronto played Canada's first college football game at University Lawn in Toronto, with McGill winning by a margin of two tries.

125 years ago
1886

Baseball
World Championship Series
Chicago White Stockings 3 @ St. Louis Browns 10 (St. Louis led best-of-seven series 3-2)

The White Stockings' regular pitchers were tired or injured, and the Browns refused them permission to use a minor league recruit, so shortstop Ed Williamson and outfielder Jimmy Ryan pitched for Chicago.

120 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Parker Fennelly. U.S. actor. Mr. Fennelly played crusty New England characters in numerous radio and television programs and in several movies, including The Trouble with Harry (1955). He died on January 22, 1988 at the age of 96.

Died on this date
Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, 45. Austrian physiologist. Dr. Fleischl-Marxow was a professor at the University of Vienna who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain, and was also an inventor of new devices which were widely adopted in clinical medicine and physiological research. As a research assistant in his early years, he accidentally cut his thumb while dissecting a cadaver, resulting in amputation, and addiction to morphine and heroin as a reaction to continuing pain. Dr. Fleischl-Marxow was a close friend of Sigmund Freud, who recommended cocaine as a treatment for his morphine addiction. Dr. Fleischl-Marxow followed Dr. Freud's advice, became addicted to cocaine, and returned to the use of morphine, hastening his death.

100 years ago
1911

Baseball
World Series
New York Giants @ Philadelphia Athletics (postponed, rain) (Philadelphia led best-of-seven series 2-1)

90 years ago
1921

Sport
The Nova Scotia fishing schooner Bluenose defeated the New England schooner Elsie in the first race of a best-of-three series in her first International Schooner Championship.

Football
CRU
ORFU
Parkdale Canoe Club (3-0) 17 @ Toronto Rugby & Athletic Association (0-3) 7

ARU
Edmonton (3-0) 41 @ University of Alberta (0-3) 0

Jimmy Enright scored 3 touchdowns, Curly Dorman added 2 touchdowns and a convert, Bill Rankin added a TD and covert, and Jack Fraser scored a convert for the Eskimos as they routed the Golden Bears at Varsity Stadium in Edmonton.

75 years ago
1936

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Louis Hector and Harry West, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Bruce-Partington Plans

70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Guy Môquet, 17. French Communist. Mr. Môquet was one of 49 French resistance members executed on the orders of General Heinrich von Stulpnagel, German commander in occupied France, in reprisal for the assassination two days earlier of Lieutenant General Paul Hotz, commander of German forces in Nantes.

War
The British government announced Royal Air Force raids on Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, France and North Africa the previous night and that day. German authorities seized 100 more French hostages in reprisal for the previous night's slaying of Major Hans Gottfried Reimers in Bordeaux. General Robert E. Wood of the America First Committee challenged U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to ask Congress for a declaration of war.

Economics and finance
U.S. Commerce Secretary Jesse Jones announced that the Export-Import Bank had granted Mexico a $30-million credit for road improvement and the completion of an international highway to Central and South America.

Labour
The Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America ordered a strike at midnight October 25 in soft coal mines owned by seven steel companies to back up its demand for a closed shop.

60 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Lights Out, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Deal, starring Tom Ewell, Joseph Wiseman, Anne Bancroft, and Martin Gabel



War
American and Communist delegates agreed on the creation of a neutral zone at Panmunjom for renewed Korean truce talks. U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt Vandenberg said in Washington that radio conversations between MiG pilots in dogfights over Korea were in Russian.

Defense
The U.S.A. reported detection of a third Soviet atomic explosion. Meanwhile, the United States detonated Buster-Jangle Able, the first in a series of seven atomic devices to be detonated in Nevada.

The United Kingdom halted shipments of military equipment to Egypt as British troops occupied the city of Suez at the southern end of the Canal Zone.

12 North Atlantic Council deputies in London signed an agreement admitting Turkey and Greece to NATO.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Harry Truman gave Philip Jessup an interim appointment as U.S. delegate to the United Nations General Assembly, claiming that charges linking Mr. Jessup to Communism were "utterly without foundation."

Politics and government
Socialist candidate Alfredo Palacios withdrew from the Argentine presidential race following his party's decision to give up campaigning.

Baseball
Lou Boudreau, who had played shortstop with the Boston Red Sox in 1951, signed a two-year contract to manage the team as well as playing. He had been both player and manager with the Cleveland Indians from 1942-1950.

50 years ago
1961

Football
CFL
Montreal (3-8-1) 5 @ Hamilton (9-3) 15

NFL
Baltimore (3-3) 17 @ Detroit (3-3) 14
Cleveland (4-2) 30 @ Pittsburgh (1-5) 28
Green Bay (5-1) 33 @ Minnesota (1-5) 7
Los Angeles (1-5) 14 @ New York (5-1) 24
Philadelphia (5-1) 43 @ Dallas (3-3) 7
St. Louis (3-3) 24 @ Washington (0-5) 0
San Francisco (4-2) 0 @ Chicago (4-2) 31

AFL
Buffalo (3-4) 21 @ Boston (3-3-1) 52
San Diego (7-0) 41 @ Oakland (1-5) 10
New York (3-3) 10 @ Denver (3-4) 27
Dallas (3-3) 7 @ Houston (2-3-1) 38

The Chicago defense succeeded in shutting down and shutting out the 49ers' shotgun offense, using rotating quarterbacks John Brodie, Billy Kilmer, and Bobby Waters, which had scored 123 points in the previous 3 games.

Baseball
Nippon Series
Yomiuri Giants 0 @ Nankai Hawks 6 (Nankai led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Katsuya Nomura, Yoshio Anabuki, and Yōsuke Terata hit home runs, while Joe Stanka (1-0) pitched a 3-hitter for the Hawks as they shut out the Giants before 30,720 fans at Osaka Stadium. Minoru Nakamura (0–1) took the loss.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): L'Amour est l'Enfante de la Liberte--Rumour

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Borriquito--Peret

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Mammy Blue--Charisma
2 Never Ending Song of Love--The New Seekers
3 You--Peter Maffay
4 Co-Co--The Sweet
5 Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum--Middle of the Road
6 Tom Tom Turnaround--New World
7 Daar's Niks Soos Ware Liefde--Groep Twee
8 Silver Threads and Golden Needles--Barbara Ray
9 Butterfly--Danyel Gerard
10 Never Ending Song of Love--Delaney & Bonnie & Friends

The only single entering the chart was Stagger Lee by Tommy Roe (#20).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Yo-Yo--The Osmonds
2 Superstar--Carpenters
3 Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves--Cher
4 Smiling Faces Sometimes--The Undisputed Truth
5 Birds of a Feather--Raiders
6 Down by the River--Joey Gregorash
7 One Fine Morning--Lighthouse
8 I've Found Someone of My Own--The Free Movement
9 Peace Train--Cat Stevens
10 Theme from Shaft--Isaac Hayes

Singles entering the chart were Everybody's Everything by Santana (#25); Baby I'm-A Want You by Bread (#26); Lovin' You Ain't Easy by Pagliaro (#27); Bless You by Martha Reeves & the Vandellas (#28); If You Really Love Me by Stevie Wonder (#29); and Your Move by Yes (#30).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKVN)
1 Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves--Cher
2 If You Really Love Me--Stevie Wonder
3 Peace Train--Cat Stevens
4 I've Found Someone of My Own--The Free Movement
5 Imagine--John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band
6 Theme from Shaft--Isaac Hayes
7 Mammy Blue--Pop-Tops
8 Down by the River--Joey Gregorash
9 Yo-Yo--The Osmonds
10 One Fine Morning--Lighthouse

Singles entering the chart were Never My Love by the 5th Dimension (#34); Life is a Carnival by The Band (#35); Two Divided by Love by the Grass Roots (#36); Lisa, Listen to Me by Blood, Sweat & Tears (#37); Baby I'm-A Want You by Bread (#38); Your Move by Yes (#39); and The Desiderata by Les Crane (#40).

Politics and government
Cambodian Prime Minister Lon Nol imposed a state of emergency and abolished constitutional rule as a measure to prevent a threatened outbreak of violence.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
Edmonton's Top 10 (CFRN)
1 More to Love--Jim Photoglo (4th week at #1)
2 When She was My Girl--Four Tops
3 (You'll Always Find Me) In the Kitchen at Parties--Jona Lewie
4 Breaking Away--Balance
5 We're in this Love Together--Al Jarreau
6 Step by Step--Eddie Rabbitt
7 Private Eyes--Daryl Hall & John Oates
8 Alien--Atlanta Rhythm Section
9 Atlanta Lady (Something About Your Love)--Marty Balin
10 Arthur's Theme (Best that You Can Do)--Christopher Cross

Baseball
Lee Elia was hired as manager of the Chicago Cubs.

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Joey Killer--Magnus Uggla (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Albert Szent-Györgyi, 93. Austro-Hungarian-born U.S. physiologist. Dr. Szent-Györgyi was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid."

Ye Jianying, 89. Head of State of the People's Republic of China, 1978-1981. Marshal Ye, born Ye Yiwei, held various positions in the Communist regime before serving as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1978-1983.

Jane Dornacker, 39. U.S. musician, actress, and broadcaster. Miss Dornacker sang lead and played keyboards with several rock groups and acted in plays in San Francisco, and later became a traffic reporter on radio in New York. She was in the middle of filing a report for WNBC when the helicopter piloted by Bill Pate plunged into the Hudson River. He survived, but she died on the way to the hospital.

Politics and government
Premier Bill Vander Zalm led his Social Credit Party to victory in the British Columbia Provincial election, as Social Credit took 47 of 69 seats in the Legislative Assembly. The New Democratic Party, led by Bob Skelly, won the remaining 22 seats.

Business
Montreal-based Dominion Textile announced its withdrawal from South Africa in support of Canada's anti-apartheid policies

Baseball
World Series
New York Mets 6 @ Boston Red Sox 2 (Best-of-seven series tied 2-2)

Gary Carter hit 2 home runs and drove in 3 runs for the Mets. New York starting pitcher Ron Darling (1-1) allowed just 4 hits and no runs over 7 innings to get the win, while Boston starter Al Nipper (0-1) allowed 3 runs--all earned--in 6 innings to take the loss before 33,920 fans at Fenway Park.



20 years ago
1991

Baseball
World Series
Minnesota 4 @ Atlanta 5 (12 innings) (Minnesota led best-of-seven series 2-1)

The Braves led the Twins 4-1 after 6 innings before 50,878 fans at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in the first World Series game ever played in Atlanta, but the Twins rallied for 1 in the 7th and 2 in the 8th. Not used to playing without a designated hitter (the game was played in a National League park, hence no DH), Minnesota manager Tom Kelly almost ran out of players as the game dragged along. Mark Lemke singled home David Justice from second base with 2 out in the bottom of the 12th to end the game after a then-record 4 hours and 4 minutes.



Nippon Series
Seibu Lions 1 @ Hiroshima Toyo Carp 0 (Seibu led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Koji Akiyama's home run in the top of the 8th inning provided the game's only run as the Lions edged the Carp before 27,713 fans at Hiroshima Municipal Stadium. Hisanobu Watanabe (1–0) pitched a 5-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Manabu Kitabeppu (0–1), who allowed 4 hits in 7.2 innings.

10 years ago
2001

Weather
The United Kingdom braced for its worst floods in 20 years.

Baseball
American League Championship Series
Seattle 3 @ New York 12 (New York won best-of-seven series 4-1)

An error by Seattle third baseman David Bell led to 4 unearned runs in the bottom of the 3rd inning, giving the Yankees a 4-0 lead before 56,370 fans at Yankee Stadium. It was 9-0 after 6 before the Mariners rallied for 3 runs in the 7th, but Tino Martinez hit a 3-run home run in the 8th to make the score 12-3. It was the fourth straight AL pennant for the Yankees and a disappointing ending to the season for a Seattle team that had won an AL-record 116 games during the regular season.