February 24, 2011

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Kavis Reed!

300 years ago
1711

Opera
Rinaldo by George Frideric Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage, received its première performance at the Queen's Theatre.

290 years ago
1721

Born on this date
John McKinly. U.K.-born U.S. politician. Dr. McKinly, a physician, emigrated to Delaware in 1742. He served in the militia during the French and Indian War, and represented New Castle County in the Assembly of the Delaware or Lower Counties (1771-1777). Dr. McKinly was elected by the Assembly as its first President, serving from February-September 1777, when he was captured by British forces. He was eventually taken to Flatbush, New York, and was returned to Delaware in August 1778 in exchange for Benjamin Franklin's son William, the Loyalist Governor of New Jersey. Dr. McKinly never sought political office again, and died on August 31, 1796 at the age of 75.

225 years ago
1786

Born on this date
Wilhelm Grimm. German author. Mr. Grimm and his older brother Jacob wrote Grimms' Fairy Tales, first published in 1812. Wilhelm Grimm died on December 16, 1859 at the age of 73.

200 years ago
1811

Born on this date
Edward Dickinson Baker. U.K.-born U.S. military officer and politician. Colonel Baker, a native of London, moved with his family to the United States in 1816, settling in Philadelphia and eventually in Illinois. He was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1837-1840) and Senate (1840-1844), served with volunteer militia in Illinois, and with the U.S. Army in the U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1847). As a Whig, Col. Baker represented Illinois' 7th (1845-1847) and 6th (1849-1851) Districts in the U.S. House of Representatives. He moved to San Francisco in 1852, but failed to win political office in several attempts through 1859. Col. Baker then moved to Oregon, and as a Republican, was elected to the United States Senate, taking his seat on December 5, 1860. He was a longtime friend of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and an opponent of secession; he joined the Union Army shortly after the beginning of the Civil War, and on May 8, 1861 was authorized to command the California Regiment. Col. Baker was killed at the age of 50 on October 21, 1861 by a volley of shots while leading his troops in the Battle of Ball's Bluff, and remains the only U.S. Senator ever killed in a military engagement.

190 years ago
1821

Mexicana
Mexico declared its independence from Spain.

180 years ago
1831

Born on this date
Leo von Caprivi, 67. Chancellor of Germany, 1890-1894. General Caprivi served as Chief of the Imperial Admiralty from 1883-1888 despite being an Army officer, and was an effective administrator. He succeeded Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor, also serving as Minister President of Prussia (1890-1892. Gen. Caprivi pursued a "new course" in both domestic and foreign policy, achieving some social and economic reforms at home while pursuing friendly relations with the United Kingdom. He increasingly clashed with Kaiser Wilhelm II as well as Conservatives, National Liberals, and Progressives, and was eventually forced to resign. Gen. Caprivi died on February 6, 1899, 18 days before his 68th birthday.

Diplomacy
The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, was proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi ceded land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.

130 years ago
1881

Diplomacy
China and Russia signed the Treaty of Saint Petersburg aka the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty, providing for the return to China of the eastern part of the Ili Basin region aka Zhetysu, which had been occupied by Russia since 1871 during the Dungan Revolt.

100 years ago
1911

Defense
The Royal Navy battlecruiser HMS Indefatigable was commissioned. The ship saw action in World War I, and was sunk in the Battle of Jutland on May 31, 1916.

60 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Bewitched--Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra; Doris Day (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): The Tennessee Waltz--Patti Page (Best Seller--9th week at #1; Disc Jockey--8th week at #1; Jukebox--8th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 My Heart Cries for You--Guy Mitchell (3rd week at #1)
--Dinah Shore
--Vic Damone
--Jimmy Wakely
2 Be My Love--Mario Lanza
3 If--Perry Como
4 The Tennessee Waltz--Patti Page
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Les Paul and Mary Ford
--Jo Stafford
5 You’re Just in Love--Perry Como
6 Harbor Lights--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Ray Anthony and his Orchestra
--Bing Crosby
7 So Long (It’s Been Good to Know You)--Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra and the Weavers
8 The Roving Kind--Guy Mitchell
--The Weavers
9 A Bushel and a Peck--Perry Como and Betty Hutton
--Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
10 Zing Zing--Zoom Zoom--Perry Como

Singles entering the chart were I Apologize by Billy Eckstine (#30); Sentimental Music, with versions by Patti Page and Bing Crosby (#31); Boutonniere by Mindy Carson (#34); and Down in Nashville, Tennessee by Dinah Shore (#35).

War
In a report to the United Nations Security Council, Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command General Douglas MacArthur said that at least 25,000 enemy guerrillas were operating behind UN lines in Korea.

Agriculture
An African economic study issued by the United Nations Economic Affairs Department said that improvement of the continent's food production was vital because 75% of Africa's population made a living in agriculture. The report recommended "heavy and sustained" foreign investments in Africa.

Economics and finance
Lawyers representing Ruhr industrialists, including former U.S. Secretary of War Robert Patterson, urged the Western Allies to refrain from dismembering West German coal and steel combines "so they can contribute to Europe's protection."

U.S. Office of Price Stabilization Director Dr. Michael DiSalle said in Cleveland that his month-old program of price controls had begun to slow the rate of increase in the cost of living.

50 years ago
1961

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: The Odyssey of Flight 33, starring John Anderson

World events
The regime of Antoine Gizenga--loyal to recently-deposed and murdered Congolese Premier Patrice Lumumba--that was recognized by more than 20 Communist and neutral nations as the legitimate government of Congo--seized control of Luluabourg, capital of the province of Kasai.

Economics and finance
The government of Cuba decreed a reorganization of administrative departments and the creation of a new Ministry of Industry. Major Ernesto "Che" Guevara, president of the National Bank of Cuba, was named director of the new ministry, charged with directing all industry and with carrying out an industrialization program from 1962-1966. The National Bank of Cuba was reorganized to conduct the country’s entire banking operations; a new Ministry of Foreign Trade was given direction of all imports and exports; and a Ministry of Interior Commerce was created to control distribution of products and prices and the management of all nationalized commercial firms.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (5th week at #1)

Society
Under the terms of a new immigration bill to become effective in 1972, Commonwealth citizens would lose the automatic right to remain in the United Kingdom and would face the same restrictions as any other people applying to live and work in Britain.

Politics and government
The All India Forward Bloc held an emergency central committee meeting, three days after the murder of its chairman, Hemantha Kumar Bose. P.K. Mookiah Thevar was appointed as the party's new chairman on February 28.

Crime
Raids by U.S. federal narcotics agents against drug wholesalers and distributors in six major cities, including New York, Chicago, and New Orleans, resulted in the arrests of 54 major dealers and the seizure of $13 million worth of drugs. The arrests followed a five-month investigation--code-named Flanker--described by U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell as "the largest federal crackdown ever on narcotics distribution by organized crime," in which 143 top echelon arrests were made.

Oil
Algerian President Houari Boumedienne announced that Algeria was taking a 51% interest in French oil firms and was nationalizing natural gas production, along with an extensive French-financed pipeline network.

30 years ago
1981

World events
The attempted coup in Spain by 200 members of the Civil Guard collapsed 18 hours after it began. Much of the credit for the coup’s collapse was given to King Juan Carlos, who appeared on television after the station was liberated by loyal troops, denouncing the coup attempt and pledging his faith in democracy. The Civil Guard released the members of the Cortes whom they were holding, and then were imprisoned, while their leaders surrendered. The general in Valencia was relieved of his post, as was the army’s deputy chief of staff.

War
U.S. President Ronald Reagan reiterated his support for the junta in El Salvador, although he had no intention of involving the U.S. in the junta’s civil war against Marxist guerrillas.

Britannica
Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer.

Crime
Jean Harris was convicted in White Plains, New York of second-degree murder in the death of her lover of 14 years, Dr. Herman Tarnower, on March 10, 1980. Dr. Tarnower, creator of the famed Scarsdale Diet, had been shot numerous times; Mrs. Harris’s defense was that she had intended the gun to be used for her own suicide and that Dr. Tarnower had been killed in a struggle over possession of the gun. She was also convicted on two counts of criminal possession of a weapon.

Religion
Pope John Paul II continued his visit to Tokyo with a meeting with Japanese Emperor Hirohito.

Disasters
The 6.7 Ms Gulf of Corinth earthquake affected Central Greece with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). 22 people were killed, 400 were injured, and damage totaled $812 million.

25 years ago
1986

World events
Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declared a state of emergency, while Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, who, along with armed forces chief of staff Lt. Gen. Fidel Ramos, had seized control of the defense ministry headquarters two days earlier, formed a provisional government led by Corazon Aquino, who had challenged Mr. Marcos in the disputed February 7 presidential election.

Diplomacy
U.S. negotiators at the Geneva arms talks presented U.S. President Ronald Reagan’s proposal to eliminate U.S. and Soviet medium-range missiles within three years. Mr. Reagan tied the total elimination of nuclear weapons to a reduction in Warsaw Pact conventional forces; full Soviet compliance with treaties; and the peaceful resolution of regional conflicts.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Unchained Melody--The Righteous Brothers

#1 single in Switzerland: Sadeness Part I--Enigma (11th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Unchained Melody--The Righteous Brothers (4th week at #1)
2 Hello Afrika--Dr. Alban featuring Leila K.
3 Keep on Running--Milli Vanilli
4 Fantasy--Black Box
5 Sadeness Part I--Enigma
6 Kränk di net--Jazz Gitti & her Disco Killers
7 To Love Somebody--Jimmy Somerville
8 Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice
9 I'll Be Your Baby Tonight--Robert Palmer and UB40
10 Don't Worry--Kim Appleby

Singles entering the chart were In the Ghetto by Midwork (#28); and Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now) by C&C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams (#30).

Died on this date
John Daly, 77. S.A.-born U.S. broadcaster. Mr. Daly, a native of Johannesburg who moved to Boston with his mother after his father died, was a news correspndent for NBC and CBS radio before moving to television, where he hosted the quiz show What's My Line? from 1950-1967. Mr. Daly died of cardiac arrest, four days after his 77th birthday.

George Gobel, 71. U.S. actor and comedian. Mr. Gobel starred in the television program The George Gobel Show (1954-1960), where his homespun style of humour made him an instant star. He made many guest appearances in television programs in later years.

Webb Pierce, 69. U.S. musician. Mr. Pierce was a guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the major figures of the "honky-tonk" style of country music from 1951 to the mid-1960s. He had 51 singles that reached the top 10 of the Billboard country chart, reaching #1 13 times. Mr. Pierce's biggest hit was In the Jailhouse Now, which spent 21 weeks at number one. He became known in later years for his lavish lifestyle, which reportedly included heavy drinking. Mr. Pierce died of pancreatic cancer, 10 years before his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame.

War
200,000 allied troops participated in the ground offensive against Iraq, which began at about dawn. The attacks began across a 300-mile area west from the Persian Gulf. U.S. Marines and Army airborne and armoured units were joined by units from the U.K., France, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries. Some allied forces struck directly into Kuwait, but others crossed from Saudi Arabia into Iraq far to the west, beyond the Iraqi defensive lines. U.S. and U.K. armoured units moved first north, then northeast, and outflanked elite Iraqi Republican Guard forces dug in north of Kuwait. U.S. Marines and Arab forces striking directly into Kuwait achieved a quick breakthrough, and were joined in Kuwait by allied armoured forces entering from the west. Meanwhile, Canadian warplanes saw their first bombing missions since World War II.

Hockey
NHL
Quebec 3 @ Edmonton 6

This blogger was in attendance at Edmonton Coliseum to see Guy Lafleur play with the Nordiques.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Claude Shannon, 84. U.S. mathematician, cryptographer, and engineer. Dr. Shannon was known as "the father of information theory." He founded digital circuit design theory in 1937, and worked with Bell Labs during World War II. Dr. Shannon invented numerous devices, and received numerous honours. He died of Alzheimer's disease.

Edmontonia
13-month-old Erika Nordby wandered outside into sub-zero (C) temperatures wearing only a diaper. By the time her mother found her, Erika was frozen almost solid and her heart had stopped beating for nearly two hours. When she arrived at hospital, Erika’s body temperature was only 16 C (37 C is normal). Erika was revived in hospital, and staff speculated that she would suffer only minor damage to her fingers and toes. The incident inspired a song by Stompin' Tom Connors.

Diplomacy
Colin Powell arrived in the Middle East to being his first trip as U.S. Secretary of State. He met separately in Cairo with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov. Both agreed with him that Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein must not be allowed to build weapons of mass destruction, but Mr. Mubarak contended that allied sanctions were harming only the Iraqi people, not Mr. Hussein. Mr. Powell and Mr. Ivanov explored differences on U.S. plans to build a missile shield, and on Russia’s conduct of her war against rebels in the province of Chechnya.

World events
Over 7,000 Madurese immigrants had fled the island of Borneo for Java after members of the indigenous Dayak tribe had killed 469 of the Madurese during a week of violence.

February 23, 2011

190 years ago
1821

Died on this date
John Keats, 25. U.K. poet. Mr. Keats’ works included Endymion; Ode to a Nightingale; and Ode on a Grecian Urn. He died in Rome of tuberculosis.

175 years ago
1836

War
Mexican forces under the command of General Santa Anna began the siege of the Alamo.

150 years ago
1861

Politics and government
U.S. President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington to take office after an assassination plot was foiled in Baltimore.

110 years ago
1901

Law
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled the Manitoba prohibition law of 1900 null and void.

80 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Illustrious Client

Died on this date
Nellie Melba, 69. Australian singer and actress. Miss Melba, born Helen Porter Mitchell, was an operatic soprano who was internationally famous from the 1880s until her death from septicaemia which had developed after facial surgery. She made recordings as early as 1895, and more from 1904-1926.

Politics and government
Having resigned from the Conservative Business Committee in January to campaign against proposed dominion status for India, Winston Churchill addressed his constituency association at Winchester House, Epping, saying, among other things:

It is alarming and also nauseating to see Mr. Gandhi, a seditious Middle temple lawyer, now posing as a fakir of a type well known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the Viceregal palace, while he is still organizing and conducting a defiant campaign of civil disobedience, to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor. Such a spectacle can only increase the unrest in India and the danger to which white people there are exposed. It can only encourage all the forces which are hostile to British authority. What good can possibly come of such extraordinary negotiations? Gandhi has said within the last few weeks that he demands the substance of independence, though he kindly adds that the British may keep the shadow. He declares that the boycott of foreign cloth must be continued until either prohibition or a prohibitive tariff can be put up against it by an Indian national Parliament. This, if accepted, would entail the final ruin of Lancashire. He has also pressed for the repudiation of the Indian loans, and has laid claim to the control of the Army and foreign affairs. These are his well-known aims. Surely they form a strange basis for heart-to-heart discussions--’sweet’ we are told the were--between this malignant, subversive fanatic and the Viceroy of India.

--from Blood, Toil, Tears & Sweat: The Speeches of Winston Churchill, edited by David Cannadine, 1989.

70 years ago
1941

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Resident Patient

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Ron Hunt and Gord Lund!

Mr. Hunt, a native of St. Louis, was a second baseman (and, near the end of his career, a third baseman) who spent 12 years in the National League with the New York Mets (1963-1966); Los Angeles Dodgers (1967); San Francisco Giants (1968-1970); Montreal Expos (1971-1974); and St. Louis Cardinals (1974). He was known as a scrappy player who was willing to do anything to get on base, especially if that involved getting hit by a pitch. In 1971 he was hit by a pitch 50 times, which stood as a major league single-season record for many years. Mr. Hunt batted .303 with the Mets in 1963 and .309 with the Expos in 1973. A leadoff hitter, he drove in just 18 runs in 1972 and the same number in 1973. He was sold by the Expos to the Cardinals on September 4, 1974, and was released by the Cardinals at the end of spring training in 1975.

Mr. Lund, a native of Iron Mountain, Michigan, was a shortstop who played 3 games with the Cleveland Indians in 1967 and 20 games with the Seattle Pilots in 1969, batting .261. He was the manager of the Edmonton Trappers during their first season in the Pacific Coast League in 1981.

War
In a 45-minute radio broadcast, Italian Duce Benito Mussolini promised a spring offensive in Greece and predicted a German victory. Turkish Foreign Minister Shukru Saracoglu delcared that Turkey would oppose with force any and all aggression that might be directed against her territorial integrity.

Diplomacy
Herbert Claiborne Pell, recently named as U.S. Minister to Hungary, said that either the United States or Germany would lead the world during the next epoch of history.

Science
Plutonium was first chemically identified by chemist Glenn T. Seaborg and his team at the University of California at Berkeley.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Hear it Now, hosted by Edward R. Murrow, on CBS

Tonight's program included news about the college basketball points-shaving scandal.

At the movies
Fingerprints Don't Lie, directed by Sam Newfield, and starring Richard Travis and Sheila Ryan, opened in theatres.



War
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry and other Canadian troops with the 27th British Commonwealth Infantry Brigade made their first contact with the enemy in Korea.

Asiatica
The Israeli government reported that the country's population was now 1.4 million, including 1.23 million Jews and 120,000 Muslims.

Economics and finance
U.S. Defense Mobilization Director Charles Wilson, reporting on "The State of Mobilization," warned that there would be higher taxes, price and wage controls, and further credit restrictions.

Boxing
Former world heavyweight champion Joe Louis (62-2) scored a technical knockout over Andy Walker (17-9-7) at 1:49 of the 10th round at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. For Mr. Walker, it was the start of a streak that saw him lose his last 12 fights.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Last Date--Floyd Cramer (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Sailor--Petula Clark

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Nick Moses Story

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Butterfly--Danyel Gérard

On television tonight
CBS Reports: The Selling of the Pentagon

A nationwide dispute was touched off in the United States regarding the merits and accuracy of this documentary, produced by Peter Davis, which examined the use of public relations to promote the military.



Died on this date
Đỗ Cao Trí, 41. S.V. military officer. General Tri began his career with the French Army in 1947, and then became an officer in the Vietnamese National Army. In June 1963, he cracked down on Buddhists who were protesting against the regime of President Ngô Đình Diệm, but less than five months later he participated in the coup d'état that resulted in President Diệm's arrest and assassination. Gen. Tri was exiled by junta leader and Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ as South Vietnam's Ambassador to South Korea, but became General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's deputy after the latter became President in 1967. Gen. Tri was made Commander of III Corps, which surrounded Saigon and prevented coups. He commanded a successful campaign in Cambodia in 1970, and was put in command of I Corps during the faltering Operation Lam Son 719 incursion into Laos, but was killed when his helicopter crashed shortly after takeoff from Bien Hoa Air Base.

Society
The United States Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, whose staff had been probing both federal government and private snooping via computer data banks, opened nine days of public hearings. The panel’s chairman, Senator Sam Ervin (Democrat--North Carolina), who saw an invasion of personal privacy in the use of modern computer technology, warned of the dangers to the U.S. "free society" because Americans’ fear of surveillance could lead to being "afraid to speak their minds freely to the government or anyone else."

Labour
In an anti-inflationary move to force construction unions and building contractors to take measures to curb prices and wages in the industry, U.S. President Richard Nixon suspended provisions of the 1931 Davis-Bacon Act that required that wages for workers on federally-aided construction projects match the "prevailing" pay for workers in private building in the same area.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Duncan--Slim Dusty (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Cherry Blossom--Seiko Matsuda (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): What's in a Kiss--Gilbert O'Sullivan (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Angel of Mine--Frank Duval & Orchestra (4th week at #1)

World events
About 200 members of the paramilitary Civil Guard stormed the Cortes--the lower house of the Spanish parliament--and held about 350 members of the house hostage.

War
The U.S. State Department announced that the campaign against Soviet bloc arms shipments to Marxist guerrillas in El Salvador had resulted in a slowing down of the flow of weapons.

Religion
Pope John Paul II began the day in Guam before departing for Japan as he continued his tour of east Asia.

25 years ago
1986

Diplomacy
U.S. President Ronald Reagan warned that he would cut off U.S. aid to the Philippines if Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos resorted to violence in attempting to hold on to power.

Labour
Eastern Airlines pilots agreed to a 20% pay cut and other concessions to help the financially-troubled airline.

Hockey
NHL
Minnesota 4 Toronto 3

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): I've Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Sadeness Part I--Enigma (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Sadeness Part I--Enigma (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Alle Børnene--2 X Kaj (9th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Wicked Game--Chris Isaak

#1 single in France (SNEP): Sadeness Part I--Enigma (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Do the Bartman--The Simpsons (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Crazy--Seal
2 Knockin' Boots--Candyman
3 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C&C Music Factory
4 Innuendo--Queen
5 Wicked Game--Chris Isaak
6 Can't Help Myself--2 Brothers On The 4th Floor & Da Smooth Baron MC
7 Love Let Love--Tony Scott
8 Liefde Voor Muziek--Raymond v/h Groenewoud
9 Because I Love You (The Postman Song)--Stevie B.
10 Go for It! (Heart and Fire)--Joey B. Ellis and Tynetta Hare

Singles entering the chart were Do the Bartman by the Simpsons (#21); Goede Tijden Slechte Tijden by Lisa Boray & Louis De Vries (#29); Een Beetje Misselijk by Een Beetje Misselijk (#31); Dancehall Good To We by Papa San (#33); Down to Earth by Monie Love (#35); and Where Does My Heart Beat Now by Celine Dion (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 All the Man that I Need--Whitney Houston
2 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams
3 One More Try--Timmy -T-
4 Someday--Mariah Carey
5 Where Does My Heart Beat Now--Celine Dion
6 The First Time--Surface
7 Wicked Game--Chris Isaak
8 I'll Give All My Love to You--Keith Sweat
9 Disappear--INXS
10 I Saw Red--Warrant

Singles entering the chart were Baby Baby by Amy Grant (#75); Let's Chill by Guy (#81); Call it Poison by the Escape Club (#83); Stone Cold Gentleman by Ralph Tresvant (#85); All True Man by Alexander O'Neal (#89); I Like the Way (The Kissing Game) by Hi-Five (#90); and I Love You by Vanilla Ice (#94).


U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 All the Man that I Need--Whitney Houston
2 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Wiliams
3 One More Try--Timmy -T-
4 Someday--Mariah Carey
5 Where Does My Heart Beat Now--Celine Dion
6 The First Time--Surface
7 Disappear--INXS
8 Show Me the Way--Styx
9 Sensitivity--Ralph Tresvant
10 All This Time--Sting

Singles entering the chart were Call it Poison by Escape Club (#73); Baby Baby by Amy Grant (#82); Talk About It by Boom Crash Opera (#89); and That's Why by the Party (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Disappear--INXS (2nd week at #1)
2 All the Man that I Need--Whitney Houston
3 Wicked Game--Chris Isaak
4 All This Time--Sting
5 Show Me the Way--Styx
6 Love Will Never Do (Without You)--Janet Jackson
7 I’m Not in Love--Will to Power
8 Waiting for Love--Alias
9 Someday--Mariah Carey
10 How Long Can a Man Be Strong--The Jeff Healey Band

Singles entering the chart were Bitter Tears by INXS (#64); Cry for Help by Rick Astley (#72); Good Together by Candi and the Backbeat (#75); No Sign of Rain by Keven Jordan (#80); Boomerang by Spunkadelic (#84); Everyone's a Winner by Bootsauce (#91); She Talks to Angels by the Black Crowes (#92); I Can't Tell You Why by Howard Hewett (#94); Love Makes Things Happen by Pebbles (#96); I Love Her Now by the Jitters (#97); and One More Try by Timmy -T- (#98).

War
Iraq failed to respond to the ultimatum delivered the previous day by U.S. President George Bush, and the allies began a ground war in Iraq at 6 P.M. Mountain Standard Time. Coalition tanks and 200,000 troops moved into Iraq and Kuwait, and thousands of Iraqi soldiers surrendered almost immediately. Two hours after the beginning of the ground war, Mr. Bush announced that he had directed forces to use all means necessary to remove Iraq from Kuwait.

World events
A bloodless military coup ousted the government of Premier Chatichai Choonhavan of Thailand. The new military regime was led by the armed forces’ supreme commander, General Sunthorn Kongsompong, who announced that Thailand would be ruled by a National Peace and Order-Keeping Party, consisting of the army, navy, air force, police, and civilians. It was also announced that the 1978 constitution had been abolished and that martial law would be imposed. Gen. Sunthorn stated that the armed forces had decided to depose Mr. Chatichai because he had protected the perpetrators of an alleged plot to topple the nation’s constitutional monarchy in 1982. The U.S. condemned the coup and announced the suspension of $16.4 million in development aid.

Politics and government
Bloc Quebecois leader Lucien Bouchard confirmed that the BQ would become a legal political party, with a founding conference to be held in June 1991. Mr. Bouchard said that official party status would help the BQ win seats in the next federal election, and it would coax more Quebec Progressive Conservatives to join the pro-Quebec independence party. The BQ said it intended to run candidates in each of Quebec’s 75 federal ridings and predicted it could win as many as 60 seats. The party had begun when eight PC members of the House of Commons had broken with the party after the collapse of the Meech Lake constitutional accord in 1990.

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 3 @ Montreal 3
Chicago 3 @ Minnesota 3
Quebec 8 @ Calgary 10

Michel Goulet of the Blackhawks scored his 1,000th career point in the game against North Stars at Metropolitan Sports Center in Bloomington.

10 years ago
2001

World events
The Cambodian-registered ship East Sea, with 1,500 people, mainly Kurds, aboard, ran aground--apparently deliberately--on Boulouris beach near Saint Raphael, off the coast of southern France. The ship had left Greece eight days earlier and had stopped in Turkey. Her human cargo included 300 children under age 10 and was assumed to be transporting potential illegal migrants.

Sport
A three-day international conference on doping in sport opened in Montreal.

February 22, 2011

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Laura Pereverzoff-Ong!

900 years ago
1111

Died on this date
Ruggero Borsa, 39-41 (?). Duke of Apulia and Calabria, 1085-1111. Ruggero was the son of Robert Guiscard, the conqueror of southern Italy and Sicily, and succeeded him as the effective ruler of southern Italy. Ruggero lost some territory to his half-brother Bohemund of Taranto, but mounted a successful siege of Capua in 1098. He was succeeded by his son William II.

640 years ago
1371

Died on this date
David II, 46. King of Scots, 1329-1371. David II acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Robert I, becoming the last male and monarch of the House of Bruce. Military defeat at the hands of English troops in the Battle of Halidon Hill led to his exile in France from 1333-1341, but he was able to return when his forces eventually gained the upper hand. King David invaded England in 1746, but his forces lost, and he was imprisoned for more than a decade, finally returning to Scotland in a ransom deal in 1357. He continued secret negotiations with King Edward III of England well into the 1360s until the ransom deal was resolved satisfactorily. David II's kingdom became stronger in his later years, and he died unexpectedly, at the height of his power. David II left no children, and was succeeded by his nephew Robert II, who began the Stuart dynasty.

360 years ago
1651

Disasters
The first storm tide of St. Peter's Flood struck the Frisian coast, drowning 15,000 people.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
Joseph B. Ely. U.S. politician. Mr. Ely, a Democrat, was Governor of Massachusetts (1931-1935), and initiated public works in order to relieve unemployment during the Depression. He supported 1928 Democratic Party U.S. presidential nominee Al Smith's candidacy for the nomination against Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and opposed the New Deal economic policies of the latter after he became President in 1933. Internal squabbles within the Democratic Party in Massachusetts led Mr. Ely to decline to run for re-election in 1934. He joined the American Liberty League that year, and supported Republican Party candidate Alf Landon's presidential campaign in 1936. Mr. Ely died on June 13, 1956 at the age of 75.

90 years ago
1921

World events
After Russian forces under Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg drove the Chinese out, the Bogd Khan was reinstalled as Emperor of Mongolia.

75 years ago
1936

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Louis Hector and Harry West, on MBS
Tonight’s episode: The Man with the Twisted Lip

Figure skating
Sonja Henie of Norway won her tenth consecutive women’s world championship.

70 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Frenesi--Artie Shaw and his Orchestra (10th week at #1)

War
The German ships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau sank five ships in the North Atlantic Ocean. The British Admiralty announced that 150,000 square miles of the mid-Mediterranean Sea had been mined.

Diplomacy
A Vichy report said that France had rejected a Japanese-sponsored proposal whereby Thailand would receive approximately one-third of Laos and Cambodia.

U.S. Minister to Bulgaria George Earle was involved in a cafe fight with a German army major.

Defense
U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover asked the House of Representatives for about $970,000 to pay for 700 additional special agents to protect the defense program against spies and saboteurs. R. Medina Ramirez, acting President of the Nationalist Party in Puerto Rico, was indicted in San Juan on a charge of obstructing registration for the draft.

Education
The U.S. National Manufacturers Association-sponsored survey that declared that a "substantial proportion" of social science textbooks were critical of the American form of government and free enterprise was assailed by a committee of 10 social scientists who saw a "censorship threat inherent" in the investigation.

Track and field
Greg Rice won the three-mile run at the U.S. Amateur Athletic Union championships in New York, setting a world indoor record of 13 minutes 51 seconds.

60 years ago
1951

Movies
The British Film Academy named All About Eve the best picture of 1950 and The Blue Lamp the best British picture.

Diplomacy
Western Allied high commissioners n Berlin endorsed West Germany's demand for a voice in big four talks affecting Germany.

Defense
The U.S. Air Force and Atomic Energy Commission announced the completion of the first phase in the program to produce an atomic plane.

General Carl Spaatz, retired U.S. Air Force chief of staff, told the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees that the United States needed nearly three times its present air strength (250 air groups) for safety from Soviet attack.

50 years ago
1961

On television tonight
The United States Steel Hour, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Two Worlds of Charlie Gordon, directed by Fielder Cook, and starring Cliff Robertson and Mona Freeman

This adaptation of Daniel Keyes' short story Flowers for Algernon was remade in 1968 as the theatrical film Charly, with Mr. Robertson reprising his role and winning the Academy Award for Best Actor.



Died on this date
Nick LaRocca, 71. U.S. musician and composer. Mr. LaRocca was a jazz trumpeter and cornetist who led the Original Dixieland Jazz Band from 1917-1927. The band made the first jazz recordings in 1917; shortly thereafter, they recorded Mr. LaRocca's composition Tiger Rag, which went on to become one of the most recorded jazz tunes in history. Mr. LaRocca reorganized the ODJB in 1936 for a successful tour and recordings, but the band broke up again in 1937. He attracted criticism in the 1950s when he claimed to be "The Creator of Jazz," among other disputed claims.

Space
The United States launched two satellites from a single rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, but the satellites failed to separate in orbit as planned. The satellites were the 250-pound Transit 3B, designed to aid development of a global navigational satellite system, and the 57-pound LOFTI-1, designed to measure intensity of very low-frequency signals through the ionosphere. The satellites were to have gone into separate near-circular orbits 500 miles up, but they remained joined and went into an elliptical orbit ranging from 117-511 miles above Earth. Both radio transmitters operated, but the quality of the data received was hurt by the elliptical orbit.

Diplomacy
U.S.S.R. Premier Nikita Khrushchev sent messages to Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the leaders of 66 other governments, calling for the formation of an all-African commission to take over the United Nations’ role in the Congo and restore that country’s independence. He repeated his demand that UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold be replaced by a three-man secretariat, and attacked Mr. Hammarskjold as the "chief assassin" of recently-deposed and deceased Congolese Premier Patrice Lumumba. Mr. Khrushchev said that his proposed commission would be "in full contact" with what he described as the "country’s legitimate government," headed by Antoine Gizenga, former deputy to Mr. Lumumba. The Soviet leader demanded the arrest and trial of Major General Joseph Mobutu, Congolese army commander, and Moise Tshombe, President of the secessionist Congolese province of Katanga, for the murder of Mr. Lumumba. Meanwhile, Joseph Ileo, newly installed as Congo’s Premier by President Joseph Kasavubu, warned that his regime would use force if necessary to hinder the United Nations plan to bar civil war in the Congo.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Hanayome--Norihiko Hashida & Climax (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Candida--Dawn

Died on this date
Frédéric Mariotti, 87. French actor. Mr. Mariotti appeared in almost 100 movies from 1917-1951; his films included Mare Nostrum (1926) and The Night of Decision (1931).

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): The Tide is High--Blondie (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Some Broken Hearts Never Mend--Telly Savalas (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Andy High, 83. U.S. baseball infielder. Mr. High, one of three brothers who played in the major leagues, spent 13 seasons in the National League with the Brooklyn Robins (1922-1925); Boston Braves (1925-1927); St. Louis Cardinals (1928-1931); Cincinnati Reds (1932-1933); and Philadelphia Phillies (1934). He batted .284 with 44 home runs and 482 runs batted in in 1,314 career games. Mr. High played in three World Series with the Cardinals (1928; 1930; 1931), batting .294 in 9 games. After being just a part-time player in 1931, he played 4 games in the World Series, batting .267, as the Cardinals upset the defending champion Philadelphia Athletics.

Diplomacy
West German spokesmen said there was a possibility that they might become involved in an attempt to bring the warring factions in El Salvador together for negotiations in Bonn.

Religion
Pope John Paul II continued his east Asian tour with a mass for indigenous people in Baguio City, Philippines before returning to Manila, whence he departed for Guam.

Hockey
NHL
Montreal 4 @ Buffalo 2

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Adesso Tu--Eros Ramazzotti

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K.: When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): How Will I Know--Whitney Houston (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 How Will I Know--Whitney Houston
2 Kyrie--Mr. Mister
3 When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean
4 Burning Heart--Survivor
5 Living in America--James Brown
6 I’m Your Man--Wham!
7 Sara--Starship
8 Life in a Northern Town--The Dream Academy
9 The Sweetest Taboo--Sade
10 Silent Running--Mike + the Mechanics

Singles entering the chart were Kiss by Prince and the Revolution (#42); I Can't Wait by Stevie Nicks (#56); I Think it's Love by Jermaine Jackson (#69); Overjoyed by Stevie Wonder (#70); Heart's on Fire by John Cafferty (#84); It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back) by Eurythmics (#86); A Little Bit of Love (Is All it Takes) by New Edition (#87); What Have You Done for Me Lately by Janet Jackson (#88); I Found Someone by Laura Branigan (#89); and Wood Beez (Pray Like Aretha Franklin) by Scritti Politti (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Conga--Miami Sound Machine
2 When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean
3 That’s What Friends are For--Dionne and Friends (with Elton John, Gladys Knight & Stevie Wonder)
4 I Miss You--Klymaxx
5 Rock Me Amadeus--Falco
6 How Will I Know--Whitney Houston
7 Life in a Northern Town--The Dream Academy
8 Party All the Time--Eddie Murphy
9 Kyrie--Mr. Mister
10 Living in America--James Brown

Singles entering the chart were Calling America by Electric Light Orchestra (#81); Addicted to Love by Robert Palmer (#84); Manic Monday by the Bangles (#91); Needles and Pins by Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks (#92); Caravan of Love by Isley Jasper Isley (#93); One Chance by Stan Meissner (#94); I’m Not the One by the Cars (#96); and How to Be a Millionaire by ABC (#97).

World events
Two senior members of the Philippines government took over the defense ministry headquarters and denounced President Ferdinand Marcos.

Hockey
NHL
Boston 6 @ Edmonton 5 (OT)

20 years ago
1991

War
U.S. President George Bush gave Iraq an ultimatum to withdraw from Kuwait by 12 noon the following day or face a full-scale ground war. Mr. Bush also denounced Iraq for setting fire to Kuwaiti oil installations. Hundreds were aflame, and black smoke covered up to half of Kuwait and parts of neighbouring countries.

World events
Two weeks of crisis talks by the presidents of Yugoslavia’s republics concluded with a failure to reach a consensus on the future of Yugoslavia.

Politics and government
In an attempt to end a wave of pro-democracy protests, Albanian President Ramiz Alia dismissed Premier Adil Carcani and appointed a new government. In a nationally-televised address two days earlier, Mr. Alia explained that he had decided to create a new government and a new presidential council for the sake of "peace and democracy." The new 19-member cabinet, composed entirely of members of the ruling Albanian Workers’ (Communist) Party, was to remain in office until the national elections set for March 31. Fatos Nano, a reform-minded economist, succeeded Mr. Carcani, who had been in office since 1982, as Premier.

10 years ago
2001

World events
The United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution establishing a pullback and withdrawal of all foreign and rebel troops from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Crime
A three-judge panel of the international tribunal trying accused war criminals at The Hague convicted three former Bosnian Serb soldiers of raping and torturing Muslim women during the Balkan wars of the 1990s. The verdict marked the first time that rape had been defined as a crime against humanity. Two of the three men were also convicted of sexual slavery for keeping women and girls, some as young as 12, for up to eight months--the first time that an international court had condemned this particular crime. The crimes occurred after Serbs had seized the Bosnian town of Foca in 1992. Hundreds of women in the vicinity were thought to have been raped, and 16 testified against the men at their trial. The convicted men received sentences of 12-28 years in prison.

Defense
At his first news conference as President of the United States, George W. Bush said that he was concerned about evidence that China was assisting in the building of Iraq's radar systems.

February 21, 2011

220 years ago
1791

Born on this date
Carl Czerny. Austrian musician and composer. Mr. Czerny was a child prodigy who began playing piano at the age of 3 and composing at the age of 7. He studied under Ludwig van Beethoven, and premiered Mr. Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 1 (1806 ). Mr. Czerny had a successful career as a teacher of piano, with Franz Liszt as his most famous pupil. Mr. Czerny composed more than 1,000 works, including seven symphonies, masses, choral music, chamber music, and numerous works for piano. He died on July 15, 1857 at the age of 66.

210 years ago
1801

Born on this date
John Henry Newman. U.K. clergyman. Cardinal Newman was an Anglican priest who apostatized and joined the Roman Catholic Church in 1845. He was made a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in 1879, and died on August 11, 1890 at the age of 89.

190 years ago
1821

Born on this date
Charles Scribner I. U.S. publisher. Mr. Scribner became the younger partner of Isaac Baker in the New York-based publishing firm Baker and Scribner in 1846, restricting its output to the works of contemporary authors. After Mr. Baker's death in 1850, Mr. Scribner renamed the firm Charles Scribner, and then Charles Scribner and Company. He partnered with Charles Welford in 1857 to form Scribner and Welford, importing foreign books. In 1865, Charles Scribner and Co. began publishing the magazine Hours at Home, which was merged into Scribner's Monthly in 1870. Mr. Scribner was travelling in Lucerne, Switzerland when he died of typhoid on August 26, 1871 at the age of 50; his firm eventually became known as Charles Scribner's Sons.

130 years ago
1881

Born on this date
F.W. Ricketts, aka Kenneth J. Alford. U.K. bandleader and composer. Mr. Ricketts, who composed under the name Kenneth J. Alford, was a British Army Bandmaster who was known as the "British March King." His best-known works were The Colonel Bogey March (1914) and The Voice of the Guns (1917). Mr. Ricketts died on May 15, 1945 at the age of 64.

120 years ago
1891

Died on this date
James Timberlake, 44. U.S. police officer. Mr. Timberlake was a deputy U.S. marshal in Missouri who was known for leading the campaign against the James-Younger Gang in the 1870s and 1880s. He died of an overdose of morphine that he was using to treat his insomnia.

Disasters
A coal gas explosion in Springhill, Nova Scotia killed 129 miners.

90 years ago
1921

World events
Rezā Shāh Pahlevi took control of Tehran during a successful coup d'état.

Politics and government
The Constituent Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia adopted the country's first constitution.

Society
Québec became the first Canadian province to establish government control of liquor; for a period of time Québec was the only jurisdiction in North America with no prohibition of alcohol.

70 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Frederick Banting, 49. Canadian physician. Sir Frederick, a native of Alliston, Ontario, shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with J.J.R. Macleod for the discovery of insulin. He died of wounds and exposure following the crash near Musgrave Harbour, Newfoundland of the plane he was aboard while en route to England to conduct operational tests on the Franks flying suit developed by his colleague Wilbur Franks.

Diplomacy
The Japanese newspaper Chugai asserted that the United States "is preparing to resort to economic blockage operations against Japan."

The United States disclosed that it had backed Brazil's protest to Britain of the U.K.'s seizure of a French ship within the 300-mile safety zone off the Brazilian coast.

Politics and government
The U.S.S.R. announced that Maxim Litvinov, Paulina Semyonoyana Zhemchuzhina, N.M. Antselovich, F.A. Merkulov, and I.A. Likhachev had been dismissed from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Chilean President Pedor Aguirre Cerda vetoed a bill outlawing the Communist Party.

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt told a press conference that the previous day's reports that U.S. Army General George Marshall had told a secret meeting of a Senate committee that new planes were being rushed to reinforce the air force in the Pacific were inaccurate and injurious to national defense. Senator Burton K. Wheeler (Democrat--Montana) said that Mr. Roosevelt "wants to muzzle the press."

Education
Dr. Ralph West Robey, who had led a National Manufacturers Association-sponsored survey, declared that a "substantial proportion" of social science textbooks were critical of the American form of government and free enterprise.

Labour
The U.S. National Labor Relations Board ordered Ford Motor Company to reinstate 142 employees with back pay from January 3, 1938 at its Richmond, California plant, and to cease discouraging membership in the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Auto Workers.

Boxing
Tony Zale (47-15-2) retained his world middleweight title with a knockout of Steve Mamakos (25-8-1) 26 seconds into the 14th round at Chicago Stadium. Mr. Zale had won a 10-round decision over Mr. Mamakos in a non-title bout at Chicago Stadium six weeks earlier.

70 years ago
1951

Divorced on this date
U.S. actress Barbara Stanwyck was divorced from U.S. actor Robert Taylor in Los Angeles.

War
Canada announced plans to increase its Korean contingent from 1,000 to 5,000 men.

Defense
General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrived in Paris with his wife Mamie to assume his duties as Supreme Commander of NATO--Europe.

Diplomacy
The U.S.A. and U.K., in a new effort to settle the Kashmir dispute, proposed that a new mediator be named and given three months to work out a solution.

Economics and finance
U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson rejected the British Commonwealth request for American participation in the Colombo Plan, noting that the U.S. had its own program of technical aid to South and East Asia.

Labour
N.Z. Prime Minister Sid Holland declared a state of emergency amid a waterfront strike involving thousands of workers.

50 years ago
1961

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, hosted by John Newland, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Night of Decision, starring Robert Douglas, Richard Carlyle, and Donald Buka



Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Landlady, starring Dean Stockwell and Patricia Collinge

Thriller, hosted by Boris Karloff, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Fingers of Fear, starring Nehemiah Persoff, Robert Middleton, and Kevin Hagen



Space
Dr. Robert Gilruth, director of NASA’s Project Mercury, announced the selection of three men who would undergo training for the first U.S. manned mission. The three finalists were John Glenn, 39; Gus Grissom, 35; and Alan Shepard, 37. In fact, the decision had already been made in favour of Mr. Shepard, but NASA decided to keep the public in the dark.

At Cape Canaveral, Florida, the United States launched Mercury-Atlas 2, an unmanned test of the Mercury capsule that was designed for manned flight. The empty one-ton capsule was subjected to the worst conditions it could be expected to meet on an orbital flight. Recovered by a helicopter, the capsule was said to have come through in excellent condition. Project Mercury director Robert Gilruth said that the interior temperature of the capsule had not exceeded 90 F. and that a man apparently could have lived through the test.

World events
President Moise Tshombe of the secessionist Congolese province of Katanga denounced the United Nations Security Council’s authorization of UN troops to use force if necessary to prevent civil war in Congo. Mr. Tshombe ordered general mobilization of his forces to keep the UN force from carrying out the Council’s resolution.

Boxing
Cassius Clay (5-0) scored a technical knockout of Donnie Fleeman (35-12-1) at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida when Mr. Fleeman suffered a rib injury and was unable to continue when the bell rang to begin the 7th round. Mr. Clay was well ahead on points on all three cards. It was the last professional fight for Mr. Fleeman.

40 years ago
1971

Died on this date
Hemantha Kumar Bose. Indian politician. Mr. Bose, chairman of the All India Forward Bloc, was murdered in Calcutta.

Terrorism
Brazilian diplomat Aloysio Mares Dias Gomide, kidnapped by Tupamaros guerrillas in July 1970, was released after Uruguay complied with the kidnappers’ demands to restore civil liberties, which had been suspended after the January kidnapping of British Ambassador Geoffrey Jackson, who was still their captive. Earlier, Mr. Dias Gomide’s wife had paid a ransom of more than US$250,000 for his release.

Health
The Convention on Psychotropic Substances was signed in Vienna.

Hockey
CHL
Michel Plasse of the Kansas City Blues scored into an empty net to clinch a win over the Oklahoma City Blazers, thus becoming the first professional goalie in North America to score a goal.

Disasters
40-50 tornadoes ripped through scores of small towns in Mississippi, North Carolina, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Ohio, killing more than 100 people and leaving 2,300 homeless.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Anna Dai Capelli Rossi--I Ragazzi Dai Capelli Rossi (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Stars on 45--Stars on 45 (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: (Just Like) Imagine--John Lennon (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Vienna--Ultravox

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Stars on 45--Stars on 45
2 Shine Up--Doris D and the Pins
3 If You Could Read My Mind - Special U.S. Disco-Mix--Viola Wills
4 Amoureux Solitaires/Dis Moi que Tu M'aimes--Lio
5 Funkin' for Jamaica (N.Y.)--Tom Browne
6 Flip Fluitketel/Er Staat Een Paard in de Gang--André Van Duin
7 Ik Wil Op M'n Kop Een Kamerbreed Tapijt--Barry Hughes & De Kwaffeurs
8 Embarrassment--Madness
9 Imagine--John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band
10 Net as Gisteren--Normaal

Singles entering the chart were In the Air Tonight by Phil Collins (#31); Hold on to Love by Patty Brard (#34); The Eyes of Jenny by Sandy Coast (#37); and Dreamer (Live) by Supertramp (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 9 to 5--Dolly Parton
2 I Love a Rainy Night--Eddie Rabbitt
3 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
4 Woman--John Lennon
5 The Tide is High--Blondie
6 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon
7 The Best of Times--Styx
8 Giving it Up for Your Love--Delbert McClinton
9 Same Old Lang Syne--Dan Fogelberg
10 Hey Nineteen--Steely Dan

Singles entering the chart were Angel of the Morning by Juice Newton (#70); I Love You by Climax Blues Band (#80); Wasn't That a Party by the Rovers (#81); Theme from Raging Bull (Cavalleria Rusticana) by Joel Diamond (#83); Who Do You Think You're Foolin' by Donna Summer (#84); Ch Ch Cherie by the Johnny Average Band featuring Nikki Wills (#86); It's My Job by Jimmy Buffett (#87); Love on the Airwaves by Night (#88); Games by Phoebe Snow (#89); and Bon Bon Vie (Gimme the Good Life) by T.S. Monk (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I Love a Rainy Night--Eddie Rabbitt
2 9 to 5--Dolly Parton
3 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
4 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon
5 The Tide is High--Blondie
6 Woman--John Lennon
7 Same Old Lang Syne--Dan Fogelberg
8 Passion--Rod Stewart
9 The Best of Times--Styx
10 Giving it Up for Your Love--Delbert McClinton

Singles entering the chart were Angel of the Morning by Juice Newton (#68); Wasn't That a Party by the Rovers (#81); Being with You by Smokey Robinson (#82); Who Do You Think You're Foolin' by Donna Summer (#84); Keep this Train a-Rollin' by the Doobie Brothers (#85); Medley: Yesterday Once More/Nothing Remains the Same by the Spinners (#86); It's a Love Thing by the Whispers (#89); Let Me Go by the Rings (#93); and Burn Rubber (Why You Wanna Hurt Me) by the Gap Band (#97).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 9 to 5--Dolly Parton
2 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
3 I Love a Rainy Night--Eddie Rabbitt
4 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon
5 The Tide is High--Blondie
6 Woman--John Lennon
7 Keep on Loving You--REO Speedwagon
8 Passion--Rod Stewart
9 Same Old Lang Syne--Dan Fogelberg
10 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon

Singles entering the chart were Being with You by Smokey Robinson (#78); Angel of the Morning by Juice Newton (#80); Wasn't That a Party by the Rovers (#82); All American Girls by Sister Sledge (#87); Medley: Yesterday Once More/Nothing Remains the Same by the Spinners (#88); and Who Do You Think You're Foolin' by Donna Summer (#89).

#1 single in Canada (RPM): The Tide is High--Blondie (3rd week at #1)

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 I Love a Rainy Night--Eddie Rabbitt
2 Turn Me Loose--Loverboy
3 Wasn't That a Party--The Rovers
4 Hey Nineteen--Steely Dan
5 I Ain't Gonna Stand for It--Stevie Wonder
6 Teacher Teacher--Rockpile
7 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
8 9 to 5--Dolly Parton
9 Looking for Clues--Robert Palmer
10 Stealin' the Night--J.C. Stone

Singles entering the chart were Crying by Don McLean (#28); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#29); and Just Between You and Me by April Wine (#30).

War
Leaders of the Marxist guerrillas in El Salvador said that they were short of arms, but that they were trying to re-equip themselves by buying on the black market. They refused to admit that some of their arms had come from Communist countries.

Crime
U.S. Vice President George Bush announced the establishment of a task force to coordinate federal efforts to aid Atlanta’s investigation into the murders of young Negro men in that city. 17 bodies of boys between the ages of 7 and 15 had been found in recent months, and one boy was still reported missing.

Religion
Pope John Paul II continued his tour of the Philippines with visits to Legazpi City and a refugee camp at Morong before returning to Manila.

Disasters
The owners and builders of the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor in Pennsylvania settled the claims of thousands of people resulting from the evacuation of the area after an accident at the plant in 1979. The claimants all lived within a 25-mile radius of the plant, and the settlement totalled $25 million. Most of the money would be paid for business losses incurred during the evacuation.

Hockey
NHL
Minnesota 3 @ Toronto 5
Detroit 1 @ Montreal 4
Edmonton 5 @ Winnipeg 1

20 years ago
1991

Died on this date
John Sherman Cooper, 89. U.S. politician and diplomat. Mr. Cooper, a Republican, represented the 41st District in the Kentucky House of Representatives (1928-1930) and represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate (1946-1949, 1952-1955, 1956-1973). After losing his bid for re-election in 1954, he served as U.S. Ambassador to India (1955-1956), and was credited with improving Indian-American relations, helping to thwart the U.S.S.R.'s hopes of expanding Soviet influence in India. Sen. Cooper conducted a secret fact-finding mission to Moscow and New Delhi in the early 1960s on behalf of President John F. Kennedy, and was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the Warren Commision to investigate President Kennedy's assassination in 1963. He increasingly opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through the rest of the 1960s and early '70s, and declined to run for re-election in 1972. Mr. Cooper was U.S.Ambassador to East Germany (1974-1976), and was an alternate delegate to the United Nations in 1981.

Margot Fonteyn, 71. U.K. dancer. Dame Margot, born Margaret Hookham, was the prima ballerina with the Royal Ballet in a career that spanned more than 40 years. She married Panamanian diplomat Roberto Arias in 1955, and was briefly detained in Panama in 1959 after the couple participated in an unsuccessful coup attempt against Panamanian President Ernesto de la Guardia. Mr. Arias became a quadriplegic after he was shot in 1964, and Dame Margot cared for him until his death in 1989. She died after a long battle with ovarian cancer.

World events
The parliament of Croatia passed legislation asserting a veto power over all Yugoslavian federal laws that applied to that republic. Croatia also passed legislation that barred the federal government of Yugoslavia from declaring a state of emergency in Croatia without the republic’s permission to use federal security forces in Croatia.

War
The Soviet Union announced that Iraq had agreed to its peace proposal. U.S. President George Bush still had "serious concerns" about several points in the plan. The estimate of the number of Iraqi tanks destroyed in the Gulf War so far was put at 2,100.

Politics and government
Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa said that his province would not hold a referendum on sovereignty in 1991, despite such a proposal by the co-chairmen of the Belanger-Campeau commission that was studying Quebec’s future. Mr. Bourassa said that federalism must be given another chance, adding that the people weren’t yet ready to make a decision on sovereignty and that a referendum should wait until at least 1992.

10 years ago
2001

Health
The European Commission banned all British milk, meat, and livestock exports following the first outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the U.K. in 20 years.

February 20, 2011

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Mandy Sellars!

580 years ago
1431

Died on this date
Martin V, 61-62 (?). Roman Catholic Pope, 1417-1431. Martin V, born Oddone Colonna, was created Cardinal-Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro by Pope Innocent VII in 1405. He supported Antipope Alexander V and his successor Antipope John XXIII, and was excommunicated in 1411 by Pope Gregory XII. Cardinal-Deacon Colonna took part in the Council of Constance in 1415, leading to the deposition of John XXIII. He was elected Pope Martin V on November 11, 1417, was ordained a priest two days later, and was consecrated a bishop the day after that. Martin V was generally subservient to kings during his papacy, and authorized a crusade against Africa in 1418 that resulted in the sanctioning of Portugal's trade in slaves. Martin V died from a stroke, and was succeeded by Eugene IV.

140 years ago
1871

Died on this date
Paul Kane, 60. U.K.-born Canadian artist. Mr. Kane, a native of Ireland, moved with his family to York (now Toronto) as a child. He spent some years in the United States and Europe, returning to Canada in 1845. Mr. Kane traveled throughout western North America from 1846-1848, making more than 700 sketches, and producing more than 100 canvas paintings of Western scenes and people. He returned to Toronto permanently in 1848, and retired when his eyesight failed in the 1860s. Mr. Kane died in Toronto.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Muhammad Naguib. 1st President of Egypt, 1953-1954; Prime Minister of Egypt, 1954. Major General Naguib was a leader in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and served as President until he was deposed by Gamal Abdul Nasser. He then spent 18 years under house arrest until being freed by President Anwar Sadat in 1972. Maj. Gen. Naguib died on August 28, 1984 at the age of 83.

Politics and government
The legislature of Hawaii Territory convened for the first time.

80 years ago
1931

Protest
An anarchist uprising in Encarnación, Paraguay briefly transformed the city into a revolutionary commune.

Transportation
The U.S. Congress approved the construction of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge by the state of California.

80 years ago
1941

At the movies
Tobacco Road, directed by John Ford, and starring Charley Grapewin, Marjorie Rambeau, Gene Tierney, and William Tracy, received its premiere screening in New York City.



War
Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka denied that Japan had made a formal offer to mediate the European war, as announced the previous day in London. Meanwhile, a Tokyo newspaper said that Japan had warned Britain that a continutation of military activity in Southeast Asia may compel Japan to take counter-measures.

Diplomacy
U.K. Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and General Sir John Dill arrived in Cairo to plan the next steps involving the Near East military and political situation.

Defense
Washington sources reported that U.S. Army General George Marshall had told a secret meeting of a Senate committee that new planes were being rushed to reinforce the air force in the Pacific. U.S. Senator Robert Reynolds (Democrat--North Carolina) denounced Lend-Lease as a step toward war. U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau said that he planned to issue about $2 billion in new taxable federal securities within the next two months to finance the defense program.

Labour
U.S. Office of Production Management Associate Director Sidney Hillman told the House of Representatives Judiciary Committee that anti-strike legislation in defense industries was unwise and may be harmful.

Politics and government
The Missouri General Assembly declared Forrest C. Donnell, a Republican, as Governor of Missouri, the day after the Missouri Supreme Court had ordered the Democratic-controlled legislature to seat him.

60 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Victims, starring Eileen Heckart and Stanley Ridges

Science
The American Museum of Natural History in New York reported that 18 nesting pairs of the cahow aka the Bermuda petrel, a sea bird believed to be extinct since the 1620s, had been found alive in Castle Harbour, Bemuda.

Economics and finance
A British Commonwealth consultative conference in Colombo, Ceylon decided that $2 billion in U.S. or other outside financing was needed to carry out the $5.5-billion Colombo Plan for economic development of South and Southeast Asian countries.

After a visit to Europe, U.S. Economic Cooperation Administrator William C. Foster said that Marshall Plan aid was being geared to defense requirements and Western Europe would try to increase industrial and farm output by $100 billion per year.

The U.S. National Production Authority cut the use of steel for passenger cars and other durable goods 20% below the average for the first half of 1950.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Non, je ne regrette rien--Édith Piaf (6th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Calcutta--Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra (2nd week at #1)
2 Shop Around--The Miracles
3 Will You Love Me Tomorrow--The Shirelles
4 Pony Time--Chubby Checker
5 There's a Moon Out Tonight--The Capris
6 Calendar Girl--Neil Sedaka
7 Emotions--Brenda Lee
8 Exodus--Ferrante and Teicher
9 Dedicated to the One I Love--The Shirelles
10 Wheels--The String-A-Longs

Singles entering the chart were Surrender by Elvis Presley (#24); Hearts of Stone by Bill Black's Combo (#70); Asia Minor by Kokomo (#75); I Don't Want to Cry by Chuck Jackson (#76); Happy Birthday Blues by Kathy Young with the Innocents (#79); The Watusi by the Vibrations (#80); The Touchables by Dickie Goodman (#83); To Be Loved (Forever) by the Pentagons (#84); Let's Go Again (Where We were Last Night) by Hank Ballard and the Midnighters (#89); But I Do by Clarence "Frogman" Henry (#90); Orange Blossom Special by Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (#96); Pony Express by Danny and the Juniors (#97); I Pity the Fool by Bobby Bland (#98); Top Forty, News, Weather and Sports by Mark Dinning (#99); and Dream Boy by Annette with the Afterbeats (#100).

Died on this date
Percy Grainger, 78. Australian-born U.S. composer and pianist. Mr. Grainger’s works included Country Gardens; Irish Tune from County Derry; and Colonial Song. He also helped to invent the Free Music Machine, a forerunner of the modern electronic synthesizer.

Education
U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a special message to Congress, proposed a $5.625-billion program of federal aid to education from public elementary school through college.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Vent'anni--Massimo Ranieri (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (4th week at #1)

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (3rd week at #1)
2 The Pushbike Song--The Mixtures
3 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family
4 Knock Three Times--Dawn
5 Eleanor Rigby--Zoot
6 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
7 Band of Gold--Freda Payne
8 A Song of Joy--Miguel Rios
9 My Baby's Gone--Axiom
10 Mr. America--Russell Morris

Singles entering the chart were Lotus 1 by Lotus (#50); Falling in Love Again by Ted Mulry (#54); That's Where I Went Wrong by the Poppy Family (#56); Be My Baby by Andy Kim (#57); He Ain't Heavy...He's My Brother by Neil Diamond (#58); and Good Feeling by Max Merritt and the Meteors (#60).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Nothing Rhymed--Gilbert O'Sullivan (4th week at #1)
2 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
3 Bridget the Midget--Ray Stevens
4 Du--Peter Maffray
5 Holy Holy Life--Golden Earring
6 Have You Ever Seen the Rain/Hey Tonight--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 Rozie die Bloeien--Corry en de Rekels
8 Mother--John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band
9 Geef Mij de Liefde En....--De Twee Pinten
10 Hup Daar is Willem!--Ed en Willem Bever

Singles entering the chart were Vader Abraham Had Zeven Zonen by Vader Abraham met Z'n Zeven Zonen (#16); Your Song by Elton John (#25); Amazing Grace by Judy Collins (#27); Rainbow (I Love You) by the New Inspiration (#31); There's No More Corn on the Brasos by the Walkers (#32); Goin' Back to Indiana by the Jackson 5 (#33); Health of Freedom by Moan (#35); and Zig-Zag City by Dizzy Man's Band (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds (2nd week at #1)
2 Knock Three Times--Dawn
3 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
4 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
5 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
6 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
7 Groove Me--King Floyd
8 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
9 Mr. Bojangles--Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
10 Lonely Days--Bee Gees

Singles entering the chart were What's Going On by Marvin Gaye (#81); Oye Como Va by Santana (#82); Free by Chicago (#85); Eighteen by Alice Cooper (#90); You're All I Need to Get By by Aretha Franklin (#91); Do Me Right by the Detroit Emeralds (#92); Tulsa by Billy Joe Royal (#95); and I Don't Know How to Love Him by Helen Reddy (#99). I Don't Know How to Love Him was a version of a song from the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar (1970).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds (2nd week at #1)
2 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
3 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
4 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
5 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
6 Have You Ever Seen the Rain--Creedence Clearwater Revival
7 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
8 Watching Scotty Grow--Bobby Goldsboro
9 Knock Three Times--Dawn
10 If I were Your Woman--Gladys Knight & the Pips

Singles entering the chart were What is Life by George Harrison (#46); You're All I Need to Get By by Aretha Franklin (#47); Oye Como Va by Santana (#49); Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes by the 5th Dimension (#55); What's Going On by Marvin Gaye (#66); Free by Chicago (#71); Soul Power (Part 1) by James Brown (#77); The Look of Love by Isaac Hayes (#79); No Love at All by B.J. Thomas (#84); Ask Me No Questions by B.B. King (#88); Heavy Makes You Happy (Sha-Na-Boom Boom) by the Staple Singers (#93); Eighteen by Alice Cooper (#95); Maria (You were the Only One) by Jimmy Ruffin (#97); and Go On Fool by Marion Black (#98).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
2 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
3 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
4 Mama's Pearl--The Jackson 5
5 Knock Three Times--Dawn
6 Watching Scotty Grow--Bobby Goldsboro
7 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
8 Mr. Bojangles--Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
9 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
10 Remember Me--Diana Ross

Singles entering the chart were Free by Chicago (#70); Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes by the 5th Dimension (#77); Wild World by Cat Stevens (#81); Oye Como Va by Santana (#85); One Toke Over the Line by Brewer and Shipley (#87); You're All I Need to Get By by Aretha Franklin (#88); The Look of Love by Isaac Hayes (#89); The Morning of Our Lives by Arkade (#91); Ask Me No Questions by B.B. King (#93); We Can Make the World by Gravy (#96); Wild World by the Gentrys (#98); and Eighteen by Alice Cooper (#99).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
2 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
3 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
4 Sing High, Sing Low--Anne Murray
5 Knock Three Times--Dawn
6 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
7 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
8 Mr. Bojangles--Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
9 Remember Me--Diana Ross
10 Stoney End--Barbra Streisand

Singles entering the chart were Children of the Sun by Mashmakhan (#93); Free by Chicago (#96); Covered Wagon by Danny O'Keefe (#97); Glory Glory by Smyle (#98); Blue Money by Van Morrison (#99); and Eighteen by Alice Cooper (#100).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson (3rd week at #1)
2 Stay Awhile--The Bells
3 1900 Yesterday--Liz Damon's Orient Express
4 Born to Wander--Rare Earth
5 Your Song--Elton John
6 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
7 Theme from "Love Story--Francis Lai
8 Amos Moses--Jerry Reed
9 One Bad Apple--The Osmonds
10 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
Pick hit of the week: I was Wondering--The Poppy Family

Defense
The United States Emergency Broadcast System was accidentally activated in an erroneous national alert.

Sport
At the World Weightlifting Championships in Columbus, Ohio, Vasili Alexeyev of the Soviet Union lifted 501¼ pounds in the clean and jerk to become the first man to lift at least 500 pounds in competition.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): När vi två blir en--Gyllene Tider (11th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Reality--Richard Sanderson (4th week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Can You Feel It--The Jacksons
2 Passion--Rod Stewart
3 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
4 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
5 The Tide is High--Blondie
6 I'm Alright--Kenny Loggins
7 Lady--Kenny Rogers
8 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon
9 A Lot of Things--Peach
10 Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre

The only single entering the chart was Shaddap You Face.

Died on this date
Nicolas de Gunzburg, 76. French-born U.S. journalist and socialite. Baron de Gunzburg, a native of Paris, grew up in a wealthy banking family and spent most of his youth in England before returning to Paris, throwing lavish costume balls in the 1920s and early '30s. Using the name Julian West, he starred in the movie Vampyr (1932). Baron de Gunzburg found out after the death of his father in 1932 that the family fortune had been depleted, leading to his emigration to the United States in 1934. He arrived in New York City in 1936, and spent the rest of his life there as a magazine editor. Baron de Gunzburg was an editor at Harper's Bazaar; editor-in-chief of Town & Country; and, beginning in 1949, fashion editor at Vogue.

War
An assessment by the U.S. Defense Department said that the army of the government of El Salvador was so ill-prepared to fight the country’s Marxist guerrillas that it had no hope of defeating them. Because of that, U.S. Secretary of State Al Haig stated that it was even more important to cut off the flow of arms to that country from Cuba and the U.S.S.R.

Medicine
Dr. Genevieve Matanoski of the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health suggested a possible connection between chronic exposure to X-rays and an increased risk of fatal heart disease. In her study she found that the death rate from heart disease was 29% higher in radiologists than in eye doctors.

Religion
Pope John Paul II continued his tour of the Philippines with visits to Davao, Bacolod City, and Iloilo.

Hockey
NHL
Boston 5 @ Edmonton 1

25 years ago
1986

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CITV
Tonight’s episode: The Leprechaun-Artist, starring Bradley Gregg, Danny Nucci, Joey Green, and Cork Hubbert; Dead Run, starring Steve Railsback

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched the space station Mir.



Diplomacy
A U.S. House of Representatives committee voted 9-0 to end direct aid to the Philippines until a "legitimate government" was formed. Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos was trying to hold on to power amidst allegations that his February 7 re-election had been fraudulent.

Defense
U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Tip O’Neill warned that approval of more aid for the Contra rebels in Nicaragua could lead to the dispatch of more U.S. troops to Nicaragua.

Disasters
NASA released a copy of rocket parts manufacturer Morton Thiokol, Inc.’s final recommendation to launch the U.S. space shuttle Challenger on January 28. The recommendation warned that the O-rings used to seal joints connecting the four segments of the rockets would harden in the cold and would take longer to seal properly, but concluded that the launch would not be significantly different from a flight in January 1985.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Crazy--Seal (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
John Fetzer, 89. U.S. communications and baseball executive. Mr. Fetzer founded and operated various radio stations in Michigan and the midwestern United States in the 1920s and '30s, and achieved influence in Washington, D.C., leading to his service as radio censor with the U.S. Office of Censorship during World War II. He shut down his office at the end of the war and returned to his broadcasting career. Mr. Fetzer purchased Lincoln, Nebraska television staton KOLN in 1953, and began reaching rural markets with television service. He bought partial interest in the Detroit Tigers in 1956 and became full owner in 1961, selling the team to Tom Monaghan after the 1983 season. Mr. Fetzer founded the Fetzer Institute in 1962 to support work “designed to discover and enhance the integral relationships of the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of experience which foster human growth, action, and responsible improvement of the human and cosmic condition.” The Fetzer Institute promoted New Age propagandist Benjamin Creme in the 1980s, and continues to promote anti-Christian views and activities today. Mr. Fetzer died from pneumonia, 33 days before his 90th birthday. He had a fortune of several hundred million dollars, much of which was bequeathed to the Fetzer Institute.

World events
The parliament of Slovenia approved amendments to its constitution that would invalidate all Yugoslav federal law in Slovenia. Slovenian President Milan Kucan said that Yugoslavia had "ceased to exist," and proposed immediate negotiations on the dissolution of the country.

Protest
A mob in Tirana brought down a gigantic statue of Albania's longtime dictator Enver Hoxha. Mr. Hoxha had ruled the country as Leader of the Party of Labour (i.e., Communist) from 1941 until his death on April 11, 1985 at the age of 76.

Energy
U.S. President George Bush announced a comprehensive national energy plan with the objectives of increasing domestic production and encouraging conservation while ensuring continued economic growth. He proposed to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and some otehr areas in Alaska to oil exploration, and to explore the outer continental shelf off California and in the Gulf of Mexico. The plan also emphasized nuclear power, increased spending on transportation technology, and efficiency standards for electric lights. Congressional critics said the plan did not focus enough on conservation or the use of renewable fuels.

Economics and finance
The United States Labor Department reported that consumer prices had risen 0.4% in January.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Rosemary DeCamp, 90. U.S. actress. Miss DeCamp appeared in movies, radio, and television programs in a career spanning more than 50 years. She had recurring roles in the television comedy series The Bob Cummings Show (1955-1959); That Girl (1966-1970); and The Partridge Family (1970-1973).

Politics and government
Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak rejected Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s offer to join his coalition government as Defense Minister, and resigned his seat in the Knesset.