September 1, 2018

Married on this date
Happy Anniversary, Donna and Will Morrow!

200 years go
1818

Born on this date
José María Castro Madriz. 1st President of Costa Rica, 1847-1849, 1866-1868. Mr. Castro, a Liberal, formally declared Costa Rica an independent republic in 1848, definitively severing Costa Rica's ties to the moribund Federal Republic of Central America. He was deposed by a military coup in 1849 and again in 1868 after returning as President. Mr. Castro died on April 4, 1892 at the age of 73.

180 years ago
1838

Died on this date
William Clark, 68. U.S. explorer. Mr. Clark and Meriwether Lewis were the Lewis and Clark whose expedition of 1804-1806 explored the Pacific Northwest regions which became part of the United States.

Education
Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, was established in Buenos Aires.

160 years ago
1858

Communications
The first transatlantic cable failed after less than one month of operation.

Law
The Government of the Province of Canada abolished imprisonment for debt.

Economics and finance
New Canadian decimal coins were introduced.

150 years ago
1868

Born on this date
Henri Bourassa. Canadian politician and journalist. Mr. Bourassa, a native of Montreal, was a Liberal and later an independent, representing the Quebec riding of Labelle in the House of Commons from 1896-1907 and 1925-1935, and sitting in the Quebec Legislative Assembly from 1908-1912. He was an ideological father of French-Canadian nationalism, and opposed Canadian involvement in the Boer War and World War I. Mr. Bourassa founded the Montreal newspaper Le Devoir in 1910, and served as editor until 1932. He died on August 31, 1952, the day before his 84th birthday.

140 years ago
1878

Communications
Emma Nutt became the world's first female telephone operator when she was recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.

125 years ago
1893

Literature
The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter by A. Conan Doyle, tenth in a series of short stories published in book form in 1894 as The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, was published in the September 1893 issue of The Strand Magazine.

100 years ago
1918

War
U.S. troops landed in Vladivostok, joining an international force that included Canadians; the force, sent to protect commercial interests and protect White Russian refugees from the German-backed Russian revolution, stayed until 1920.

90 years ago
1928

Politics and government
The Albanian National Assembly modified the Constitution and named Ahmed Zogu as King Zog I of the Albanians.

Society
A compulsory referendum vote in New South Wales resulted in rejection of prohibition by a margin of 670,178-269,162.

Transportation
Philadelphia's new Broad Street subway officially opened; public travel began the following day.

Economics and finance
The Old Age Pension Act went into effect in Manitoba.

Labour
Illinois coal operators and miners signed a four-year pact, decreasing wages by 16%-19%.

75 years ago
1943

Died on this date
Ntsama "Charles" Atangana, 57-67 (?). Cameroonian chief. Mr. Atangana was the paramount chief of the Ewondo and Bane ethnic groups during much of the colonial period in Cameroon. He was a loyal servant of the German colonial administration, and after World War I, when Cameroon became a League of Nations mandate territory under the administration of the French Third Republic, he loyally served that administration, rising high in the civil service under both administrations.

War
U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill travelled by train from Quebec to Washington to confer with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the war. Soviet troops completed the liquidation of German forces driving from Taganrog, killing more than 35,000 men and capturing 5,100. Allied Australian headquarters disclosed that the Japanese had been forced to move their main New Guinea air base to Hollandia, 550 miles northwest of Salamaua, because of their heavy losses at Wewak. Employing many planes, a U.S. Navy task force bombed and shelled Marcus Island, 1,185 miles southeast of Tokyo.

Diplomacy
Argentina told the U.S.A. and U.K. that it would continue to grant asylum to people accused of political crimes, but would consider each case on its individual merits.

Politics and government
The Swedish government reported that General Hermann von Hanneken, German commander of Denmark, had modified censorship and curfew restrictions, and had permitted limited telephone and mail service to be resumed.

California State Senator Clair Engle was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives to succeed the late Harry Englebright.

Crime
New York Governor Thomas Dewey demanded that Louis Buchalter, now serving a 14-year term in federal prison for narcotics sales, be surrendered to New York State, where he had been sentenced to die for the murder of Samuel Rosen.

Journalism
New York theatrical producers Lee and J.J. Schubert barred New York newspaper PM drama critic Louis Kronenberger from their theatres for "unfair, unjust and cruel" reviews. Variety disclosed that the Schuberts were suing PM for $300,000 over their unfavourable reviews.

Economics and finance
A U.S.-Mexican industrial commission was established to deal with postwar economic cooperation between the two countries.

70 years ago
1948

At the movies
The Creeper, directed by Jean Yarbrough, and starring Eduardo Ciannelli, Onslow Stevens, June Vincent, Ralph Morgan, Janis Wilson, and John Baragrey, opened in theatres.



Died on this date
Charles A. Beard, 73. U.S. historian. Dr. Beard was one of the foremost American historians of the first half of the 20th century. He was a leading figure of the "progressive school," believing that policy was mainly driven by economic interests. His best known books were An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (1913), and, with his wife Mary, The Rise of American Civilization (1927).

Muhammad VII (Moncef Bey), 67. Bey of Tunis, 1942-1943. Moncef Bey succeeded his cousin Ahmed Bey as ruler of Tunis, which was then a French protectorate. He supported Tunisian national interests and proclaimed Tunisian neutrality during World War II, while secretly supporting the Allies and protecting Jews. Moncef Bey was deposed in May 1943, and was sent into exile in Algeria, formally abdicating two months later. Moncef Bey died in Algeria and his remains were returned to Tunis.

Juan Arevalo y Veitia. Cuban labour union official. Mr. Arevalo y Vetia was the leader of the Maritime Federation and was Cuba's leading anti-Communist union official. He was shot to death by unknown assailants in a Havana suburb.

Diplomacy
A three-man citizens' committee reported to U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall that there was no basis for charges that Communist agents had infiltrated the United States on United Nations passports.

Politics and government
West Germany's 65-member Parliamentary Assembly, appointed by the western-zone state governments, convened in Bonn to begin deliberations on a new constitution. Christian Democratic Party leader Konrad Adenauer was chosen as Assembly President.

Communist radio in Shensi Province announced the formation of a North China People's Government, with a 528-member Assembly and a Counil of People's Commissioners.

Galo Plaza Lasso was inaugurated into a four-year term as President of Ecuador.

Crime
A German appeals court in Stuttgart acquitted former Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht of war crimes and ordered him released from an internment camp in Ludwigsburg.

Aviation
A U.S. Air Force XR-1 reconnaissance plane photographed a 2,700-mile strip of the United States during a flight from California to New York, a photographic record.

Medicine
Dr. Murray Sanders of Columbia University announced the first successful use of the drug phenosulfazole, of the sulfa group, to cure polio in mice.

Economics and finance
In his second annual report to Congress, Mexican President Miguel Aleman promised to push industrial expansion and anti-inflation programs and defended the recent revaluation of the peso.

Labour
In his annual Labor Day message, U.S. President Harry Truman called for repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, expansion of the Social Security system, an an enlarged U.S. Labor Department.

Teamsters in New York City went on strike in a dispute over wages and welfare benefits, tying up freight traffic as the American Association of Railroads imposed an embargo on the city.

60 years ago
1958

Hit parade
#1 singles in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Nel Blu Dipinto di Blu (Volare)--Domenico Modugno (Best Seller--2nd week at #1; Hot 100--2nd week at #1)

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Bird Dog--The Everly Brothers
2 Nel Blu Dipinto di Blu (Volare)--Domenico Modugno
3 Susie Darlin'--Robin Luke
4 Little Star--The Elegants
5 My True Love--Jack Scott
6 The Wizard/Are You Really Mine--Jimmie Rodgers
7 Poor Little Fool--Ricky Nelson
8 King Creole (EP)--Elvis Presley
9 Western Movies--The Olympics
10 Born Too Late--The Poni-Tails

Diplomacy
Iceland expanded its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom and beginning the Cod Wars.

Defense
Japanese Foreign Minister Aichiro Fujiyama said that he would request a change in the U.S.-Japanese security treaty to require consultation with Japan before American forces were shifted from Japanese bases to meet a situation such as the Communist China's bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu.

Politics and government
The Massachusetts Republican Committee named former State House of Representatives Speaker Charles Gibbins as the party's candidate for Governor, after the death of Massachusetts Attorney General George Fingold, the original nominee.

Golf
Jim Ferree won the Centennial Invitational Open at Point Grey in Vancouver, British Columbia with an 18-under-par total of 270, 1 stroke ahead of Billy Casper. Mr. Ferree's best round was the second, when he shot an 11-under 61.

Football
CFL
IRFU
Toronto (1-2) 24 @ Hamilton (3-0) 31

WIFU
British Columbia (0-5) 14 @ Saskatchewan (3-1) 22
Winnipeg (3-2) 3 @ Calgary (4-0) 11

ORFU
London (0-2) 10 @ Sarnia (2-0) 11

Bernie Faloney scored 2 touchdowns and Tommy Grant and Gerry McDougall also scored TDs for the Tiger-Cats as they beat the Argonauts in the annual Labour Day game at Civic Stadium. Billy Graham converted 3 of the touchdowns, Cam Fraser punted for a single, and the Tiger-Cats added a safety touch. C.R. Roberts scored 2 Toronto touchdowns and Dave Mann scored the other Argonaut TD, with Vic Kristopaitis adding 3 converts and a field goal.

Cookie Gilchrist and Harry Lunn scored touchdowns for the Roughriders as they beat the Lions at Taylor Field in Regina. Jack Hill converted 2 of the Saskatchewan TDs, Larry Isbell punted for 4 singles, and Reg Whitehouse added a field goal and single. Primo Villanueva and Don Vicic scored the B.C. touchdowns, with Jerry Janes adding a convert and Ted Hunt scoring a single. The Lions played their second straight game under assistant coaches Vic Lindskog and Walt Schlinkman, who had taken over the leadership of the team following the August 26 firing of head coach Clem Crowe.

Dick Washington scored the only touchdown for the Stampeders as they beat the Blue Bombers at Mewata Stadium. Doug Brown added a field goal and single, and Jim Bakhtiar scored a single for Calgary. Gerry James kicked a field goal for the Blue Bombers.

Chuck Stanley scored a touchdown and Gino Cappelletti converted and added 4 singles for the Golden Bears as they edged the Lords at Norm Perry Park. Jim Greer scored the London touchdown, with Del Thachuk converting and adding a field goal.

50 years ago
1968

Politics and government
A new 21-member ruling Presidium for Czechoslovakia, superseding the one chosen at a secret meeting in Moscow on August 23, was elected. The new Presidium, again led by Communist Party First Secretary Alexander Dubcek, was chosen after a two-day meeting in Prague which resulted in plans to reshuffle the government in order to suit the Soviets.

Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra was inaugurated into his fifth term as President of Ecuador.

40 years ago
1978

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Rivers of Babylon--Boney M. (8th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): You're the One that I Want--John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Stayin' Alive--Bee Gees

Economics and finance
The U.S. Labor Department reported that the unemployment rate in August had fallen 0.3% to 5.9%.

Football
CFL
Jackie Parker, who had won the Schenley Award for Most Outstanding Player in 1957, 1958, and 1960 while with the Edmonton Eskimos, was named the outstanding player of the quarter-century. The field of candidates was restricted to those who won the award for Most Outstanding Player, which was first awarded in 1953.

30 years ago
1988

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Gimme Hope Jo'anna--Eddy Grant (13th week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): The Loco-Motion--Kylie Minogue (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Luis Walter Alvarez, 77. U.S. physicist. Dr. Alvarez won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonant states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chambers and data analysis." He was also involved in a project to X-ray Egyptian pyramids in a search for unknown chambers; analyzed the Abraham Zapruder film of the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy; and, with his son Walter and others, developed the Alvarez hypothesis that dinosaurs became extinct as the result of an impact by an asteroid.

Television
Several Canadian French-language cable specialty channels began broadcasting: Canal Famille; TV5; Météo-Média; Musique Plu;s and RDS (Réseau du sport). New English-language channels were YTV; VisionTV; Family; and WeatherNow.

Technology
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation became the first Canadian broadcasting group to use people meters to measure its audience.

Transportation
CN Rail abandoned all rail service in Newfoundland; it was operated by its Terra Transport subsidiary.

Football
CFL
Hamilton (5-3) 46 @ Ottawa (1-7) 20
British Columbia (4-4) 9 @ Edmonton (5-3) 17

Martin Sartin rushed 7 and 8 yards for touchdowns and scored another TD on a 22-yard pass from Mike Kerrigan to help the Tiger-Cats beat the Rough Riders before 22,535 fans at Lansdowne Park.

Chris Skinner rushed 8 yards for the Eskimos' only touchdown in the 2nd quarter of their win over the Lions before 34,157 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. Blake Marshall led the Edmonton ground game with 121 yards. Tracy Ham, who had relieved Damon Allen at quarterback for the Eskimos in the 2nd quarter, was ejected in the 3rd quarter after getting into a fight with B.C. linebacker Jeff Braswell. For B.C. kicker Bernie Ruoff, it was the final game in his 14-year CFL career. He had recently joined the Lions while regular punter and kicker Lui Passaglia was trying out with the Seattle Seahawks of the NFL.

25 years ago
1993

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): What's Up?--4 Non Blondes (4th week at #1)

War
Peace talks in Bosnia collapsed as the three factions failed to agree on how the country would be divided.

20 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Cary Middlecoff, 77. U.S. golfer. Dr. Middlecoff was a dentist who became a professional golfer from 1947-1961, winning 40 PGA tournaments (plus another as an amateur), including the Masters in 1955 and the U.S. Open in 1949 and 1956. He spent 18 years as a golf analyst on television. Dr. Middlecoff was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1986; he died of heart disease.

Labour
Air Canada pilots went on strike for the first time in the association's 61 year history; the strike ended after two weeks.

10 years ago
2008

Died on this date
Thomas J. Bata, 95. Czech-born Canadian businessman. Mr. Bata, who moved to Canada in 1939, ran the Bata Shoe company from 1940 until the 1980s. He died 16 days before his 96th birthday.

Jerry Reed, 71. U.S. musician and actor. Mr. Reed, whose full name was Jerry Reed Hubbard, was a singer, songwriter, and guitarist, mainly in country music, but crossing over into the pop market. He wrote and recorded the song Guitar Man, which was a hit for him in 1967 and for Elvis Presley in 1968, with Mr. Reed playing guitar on the latter recording. Mr. Reed achieved his greatest popularity in 1971 with the hits singles Amos Moses and When You're Hot, You're Hot, the latter winning a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male. Mr. Reed appeared in television programs and movies from the 1970s through the 1990s, including Smokey and the Bandit (1977) and its two sequels. He died of emphysema after years of heavy smoking, and produced a public service video warning of the dangers of cigarettes. Mr. Reed was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2017.

Politics and government
The U.S. Republican National Convention opened at Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (6-3) 37 @ Calgary (5-4) 16
Toronto (4-5) 34 @ Hamilton (2-7) 31

Ricky Ray threw 3 touchdown passes--2 to Fred Stamps--and A.J.Harris rushed 9 yards for a touchdown to help the Eskimos beat the Stampeders before 35,650 fans at McMahon Stadium.

Kerry Joseph passed for 399 yards and a touchdown, and handed off to Bryan Crawford for a 1-yard touchdown midway through the 4th quarter to help the Argonauts defeat the Tiger-Cats before 25,911 fans at Ivor Wynne Stadium.