June 28, 2021

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, James Remnant and Minnie de Ramos!

1,270 years ago
751

Born on this date
Carloman I. King of the Franks, 768-771. Carloman I inherited half of the Kingdom of the Franks with his older brother Charlemagne upon the death of their father Pepin the Short. The brothers were opposed to each other, and seemed to be on the verge of war when Carloman suddenly died, perhaps from a severe nosebleed, at the age of 20 on December 4, 771 at the age of 20. Carloman I's death allowed Charlemagne to take all of Francia and begin his expansion into other kingdoms.

560 years ago
1461

Britannica
Edward IV was crowned King of England at Westminster.

530 years ago
1491

Born on this date
Henry VIII. King of England, 1509-1547; Lord of Ireland, 1509-1542; King of Ireland, 1542-1547. Henry VIII, the son of Henry VII, was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty. He was known for his six marriages; his attempt to obtain an annulment of his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, led to a dispute with Pope Clement VII, and ultimately led to the founding of the Church of England as a body separate from the Roman Catholic Church. King Henry VIII was a man of letters, and a talented musician. He has been credited--perhaps erroneously--as the composer of the folk ballad Greensleeves, but did not write the music hall song I'm Henry VIII, I Am. King Henry was athletic in his younger years, but a wound suffered in a jousting match led to further health problems, perhaps including the gross obesity that characterized him in his later years. King Henry VIII died on January 28, 1547 at the age of 55, and was succeeded on the throne by his son Edward VI.

370 years ago
1651

War
The Battle of Berestechko between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ukrainian Cossacks began in what is now part of Ukraine.

190 years ago
1831

Born on this date
Joseph Joachim. Hungarian musician and composer. Mr. Joachim was one of the most renowned classical violinists of the 19th century, and was associated with Johannes Brahms and Robert and Clara Schumann. Mr. Joachim composed more than two dozen works, many for violin. His best-known work was Violin Concerto No. 2 in D Minor, the "Hungarian concerto." Mr. Joachim died on August 15, 1907 at the age of 76.

180 years ago
1841

Ballet
Giselle by Adolphe Adam received its premiere performance by the Paris Opera Ballet in the Salle Le Peletier, with Carlotta Grisi in the title role.

175 years ago
1846

Music
Adolphe Sax patented the saxophone.

150 years ago
1871

Economics and finance
The Dominion Bank opened its first branch on King Street in Toronto.

140 years ago
1881

Died on this date
Jules Armand Dufaure, 82. Prime Minister of France, 1871-1873, 1876, 1877-1879. Mr. Dufaure was a moderate republican who was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1834, and held several cabinet posts before leaving public life during the Second French Empire (1852-1870). He became a member of the National Assembly in 1871, and served three short terms as Prime Minister. Mr. Dufaure was worn out by opposition, leading to his retirement from politics in February 1879.

Diplomacy
The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 was secretly signed in Belgrade. The convention effectively turned Serbia into a vassal state of Austria-Hungary and meant her accession by proxy to the subsequent Triple Alliance (1882).

Medicine
Elizabeth Robinson of Christchurch became the first registered female pharmacist in New Zealand.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Esther Forbes. U.S. authoress. Miss Forbes wrote historical and children's novels; her best-known work was the novel Johnny Tremain (1943), for which she received the Newbery Award. Her few works of non-fiction included the biography Paul Revere and the World He Lived In (1942), for which she received the Pulitzer Prize for History. Miss Forbes died of rheumatic heart disease on August 12, 1967 at the age of 76.

125 years ago
1896

Disasters
An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania resulted in a massive cave-in that killed 58 miners.

120 years ago
1901

Canadiana
Patagonian Welsh settlers from Argentina arrived in Saskatchewan.

110 years ago
1911

Space
The Nakhla meteorite, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, fell to Earth, landing in Egypt.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
P. V. Narasimha Rao. Prime Minister of India, 1991-1996. Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao, a member of the Indian National Congress Party, was Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1971-1973) and sat in the Lok Sabha (1977-1997), holding several cabinet posts, including Minister of External Affairs (1980-1984, 1988-1989, 1992-1994) and Minister of Defence (1984-1985, 1993-1996). He was the first Prime Minister from South India, and became known as the "Father of Indian Economic Reform," adopting free-market policies in contrast to the mixed economic policies of his predecessors. The Indian National Congress Party was defeated in the 1996 general election; Mr. Rao was forced to resign as party president. He was convicted of corruption in 2000, but was acquitted on appeal in 2002. Mr. Rao died on December 23, 2004 at the age of 83, two weeks after suffering a heart attack.

Died on this date
Charles Bonaparte, 70. U.S. politician. Mr. Bonaparte, a great-nephew of French Emperor Napoleon, was a lawyer in Baltimore and an activist for progressive causes, founding the Reform League of Baltimore in 1885 and co-founding the National Municipal League in 1894. A Republican, Mr. Bonaparte served in the cabinet of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt as Secretary of the Navy (1905-1906) and Attorney General (1906-1909). In the latter post, he battled the tobacco monopoly, and in 1908 founded the Bureau of Investigation, which in 1935 was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Bonaparte died 19 days after his 70th birthday.

Politics and government
Serbian King Alexander I proclaimed the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution.

80 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): My Sister and I--Jimmy Dorsey and His Orchestra with Bob Eberly (2nd week at #1)

War
The U.S.S.R. claimed that 4,000 Soviet and German tanks were engaged in a great battle in western Ukraine.

Defense
The U.S. War Department disclosed that the Army had developed a secret radio beam device, similar to a British device already in use, for spotting approaching enemy aircraft. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives passed and sent to President Franklin D. Roosevelt the $10,384,821,624 Army appropriation bill for 1942, the largest single appropriations measure in history.

Diplomacy
The Peruvian government banned the dissemination of propaganda by foreign diplomatic and consular officials in favour of any belligerent country.

Politics and government
U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Walter George (Democrat--Georgia) criticized the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt for its "totalitarian methods" in its defense policies.

Texas Governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel (Democrat) defeated U.S. Representative Lyndon Johnson (Democrat--Texas) by 1,311 votes in a special election for a seat in the United States Senate.

The Chinese government named American Asia expert Owen Lattimore as a special political adviser.

City College of New York faculty member Morris Schappes was convicted in New York of perjury during his testimony on the Communist movement before the Rapp-Coudert committee.

Energy
The U.S. Federal Power Commission declared an electric power emergency in the southeastern United States, and ordered that the use of electricity for all non-essential and non-defense purposes be curtailed.

Religion
The first revision of the 1891 Baltimore Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church was published with simplifications and modernized answers.

75 years ago
1946

Politics and government
The Italian Constituent Assembly elected former Liberal Party member Enrico de Nicola as provisional President of the Italian Republic.

The U.S. House of Representatives defeated President Harry Truman's plan for reorganization of federal agencies and reform of the welfare and housing programs.

Diplomacy
The Allied Council of Foreign Ministers removed zonal restrictions on the movement of Austrian citizens and goods.

Acting U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson restated American policy barring foreign interference in China's internal affairs and helping the nation to recover its strength.

Medicine
Dr. Bertram Lou-Beer of the University of California reported the successful use of radioactive phosphorus--a byproduct of atomic research--in the treatment of superficial skin cancers.

Economics and finance
Canadian Finance Minister J.L. Ilsley announced new proposals to solve the taxation dispute between the federal and provincial governments. Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis opposed Mr. Ilsley's proposals.

The United States Senate completed action on the Office of Price Administration bill, extending the agency for one year, but weakening its powers. Chester Bowles resigned as U.S. Office of Economic Stabilization Director, charging that the price control measures favoured by Congress made stabilization "flatly impossible."

70 years ago
1951

At the movies
No Highway in the Sky, directed by Henry Koster, and starring James Stewart, Marlene Dietrich, Glynis Johns, and Jack Hawkins, opened in theatres in the United Kingdom.





Died on this date
Leroy Wilson, 50. U.S. corporate executive. Mr. Wilson, President of American Telephone and Telegraph Company since 1948, died in New York.

World events
Archbishop Josef Groesz, who succeeded Josef Cardinal Mindszenty as head of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary, was convicted in Budapest of plotting to overthrow the government with U.S. aid, and was sentenced to 15 years in jail.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Harry Truman named Navy Secretary Francis P. Matthews to succeed George Garrett as U.S. Ambassador to Ireland.

Oil
Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh appealed in a letter to U.S. President Truman for American support against Britain in the oil nationalization dispute. The U.S. government approved a plan by 18 oil companies to supply Western Europe with oil if Iranian supplies were cut off.

Business
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission ordered the American Tobacco Company to stop false advertising claims that Lucky Strike cigarettes were less irritating to the throat than other brands or were preferred "two to one" by tobacco experts.

60 years ago
1961

Politics and government
U.S. President John F. Kennedy addressed Berlin and other issues at a news conference in Washington.



50 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Eagle Rock--Daddy Cool

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Mata Au Hi Made--Kiyohiko Ozaki (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Qué Será (Che Sará)--José Feliciano (7th week at #1)

Died on this date
Franz Stangl, 63. Austrian war criminal. SS-Hauptsturmführer Stangl was a federal policeman who joined the Austrian Nazi Party in 1931 and joined the Schutzstaffel (SS) in May 1938. He was involved with the Nazis' T-4 euthanasia program during Wolrd War II, and was commandant of the extermination camps of Sobibor (April-August 1942) and Treblinka (September 1942-August 1943) in Nazi-occupied Poland. SS-Hauptsturmführer Stangl helped to organize the campaign against Yugoslav partisans and Jews in Trieste from August 1943 until early 1945, when he returned to Vienna because of illness. He was imprisoned by U.S. authorities after the war because of his suspected involvement with T-4, but escaped through a "ratline" to Syria, and then to Brazil, where he lived with his wife and children and worked with Volkswagen do Brasil, under his own name. SS-Hauptsturmführer Stangl was tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal and was finally arrested in 1967; he was extradited to West Germany, and convicted in December 1970 of the mass murder of a million people. He was six months into the maximum sentence of life imprisonment in Düsseldorf when he died of heart failure, 19 hours after completing 70 hours of interviews with journalist Gitta Sereni, which concluded with him finally admitting his guilt.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Stars on 45--Stars on 45

#1 single in Switzerland: Stars on 45--Stars on 45 (6th week at #1)

Died on this date
Terry Fox, 22. Canadian hero. Mr. Fox, a native of Winnipeg who later moved with his family to Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, was a runner and basketball player in high school before enrolling at Simon Fraser University as a kinesiology student. He lost his right leg to cancer in 1977, but continued to run with a prosthesis, and played wheelchair basketball, helping the Vancouver Cable Cars win three straight national championships and earning all-star recognition. Mr. Fox departed St. John's, Newfoundland on April 12, 1980 to begin the Marathon of Hope across Canada to raise money for cancer research. Unfortunately, the cancer returned after a few months, and he was forced to give up his effort on September 1, 1980 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, long before reaching his goal. Mr. Fox returned to British Columbia, where he died, a month before his 23rd birthday. On September 13, 1981, the first annual Terry Fox Run was held, and the event continues throughout Canada to this day.

Music
Roy Orbison was in concert at the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium in Edmonton, and this blogger and his brother were in attendance. Roy was great, but the opening act was an untalented comedian whose name I've long forgotten. Tickets cost $12.50 each.

Terrorism
73 leading members of Iran's Islamic Republic Party were killed when a bomb exploded at the party's headquarters in Tehran.

30 years ago
1991

Politics and government
Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher announced that she would resign her seat in the House of Commons and would not run in the next general election.

The governments of Canada, British Columbia, and B.C. first nations set up a commission to coordinate treaty negotiations.

Business
The Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission supported the right of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to close and cut back operations at 11 stations.

Scandal
Patricia Starr, a former political fundraiser for the Liberal Party of Ontario, was sentenced to six months in jail for fraud and breach of trust in dealing with the provincial government.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (3rd week at #1)

Politics and government
The Islamic Welfare Party managed to create a coalition with the secular True Path Party and form a government in Turkey. Islamic Party leader Necmettin Erkeban became the first Muslim to hold the office of Prime Minister.

The Constitution of Ukraine was signed into law.

Terrorism
A suicide bomber in Turkey killed 9 people and wounded 20 as Kurdish rebels targeted a military parade.

World events
A new guerrilla group calling itself the Popular Revolutionary Army appeared at a memorial service for slain peasants in the state of Guerrero and pledged to overthrow the government.

Crime
André Dallaire, who had broken into Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien's official residence on November 5, 1995, was ruled to be not criminally responsible for his act because of his history of schizophrenia.

Academia
Under the threat of having U.S. federal funding withdrawn, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina, voted to admit women.

Economics and finance
The German government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl passed a plan for austerity and deregulation, targeting sick benefits and pension contributions in particular.

Football
CFL
Ottawa (0-1) 23 @ Hamilton (1-0) 35



20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Mortimer Adler, 98. U.S. philosopher. Mr. Adler, one of the best-known American philosophers of the 20th century, wrote such books as How to Read a Book (1940); Great Ideas from the Great Books (1961); and How to Think About the Great Ideas (2000).

World events
Former Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosevic was handed over to the United Nations war crimes tribunal.

Politics and government
Former federal cabinet minister Iona Campagnolo was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.

Environment
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that municipalities could ban the use of lawn pesticides and herbicides.

June 25, 2020

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Gail McGonigal!

490 years ago
1530

Religion
At the Diet of Augsburg, the Augsburg Confession was presented to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.

180 years ago
1840

Canadiana
Quebec and Montreal were both given city charters.

160 years ago
1860

Born on this date
Gustave Charpentier, 95. French composer. Mr. Charpentier was best known for his opera Louise (1900). He died on February 18, 1956 at the age of 95.

150 years ago
1870

Died on this date
David Heaton, 47. U.S. politician. Mr. Heaton was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1855; he moved to Minnesota two years later, and was a member of the Minnesota State Senate (1858-1863). He went to Bern, North Carolina as a U.S. Treasury Department agent in 1863 after Union troops occupied the area during the American Civil War, and remained there after the war. As a Republican, Mr. Heaton represented North Carolina's 2nd District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1868 until his death.

120 years ago
1900

Born on this date
Louis Mountbatten. U.K. military officer and statesman. Earl Mountbatten, an uncle of Prince Philip and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II, was Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command (1943–1946); First Sea Lord (1955-1959); and Chief of the Defence Staff (1959-1965). He was the last Viceroy of India (1947) and the first Governor-General of independent India (1947–1948). Lord Mountbatten, along with his grandson Nicholas, 14, and crew member Paul Maxwell, 15, was killed on August 27, 1979 at the age of 79 when a bomb planted by Irish Republican Army terrorists exploded aboard his fishing boat a mile off the coast of County Sligo in northwestern Ireland. Four other passengers were seriously injured, one of whom, Doreen, Lady Brabourne, 83, died the next day.

Georgia Hale. U.S. actress. Miss Hale was known for her appearances in the silent movies The Salvation Hunters (1925); The Gold Rush (1925); and The Great Gatsby (1926). She retired from acting in 1928, and became wealthy through real estate investments. Miss Hale died on June 17, 1985, eight days before her 85th birthday.

Marta Abba. Italian actress. Miss Abba was a stage actress who was known for inspiring and acting in the plays of Luigi Pirandelli from their first meeting in 1925 until his death in 1936. She died on June 24, 1988, the day before her 88th birthday.

Literature
Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovered the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.

110 years ago
1910

Ballet
The Firebird by Igor Stravinsky premiered at Opéra de Paris, bringing Mr. Stravinsky to prominence as a composer.

Aviation
The 12-day International Aviation Congress, the first of its kind in Canada, opened in Montreal.

Society
The United States Congress passed the Mann Act, prohibiting interstate transport of women or girls for “immoral purposes;” the ambiguous language was used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Lassie Lou Ahern. U.S. actress. Miss Ahern was a child star in silent movies in the 1920s, known for her appearances in Our Gang comedies and for playing Little Harry in Uncle Tom's Cabin (1927). She danced in several movies, and appeared in several television programs through the 1970s. Miss Ahern died of influenza on February 15, 2018 at the age of 97.

90 years ago
1930

Law
A judge in Chicago ruled that a foul ball hit into the stands at a baseball game belongs "to the boy who grabs it," and dismissed a charge of disorderly conduct against 17-year-old Arthur Porto, who had caught a foul ball off the bat of Chicago Cubs’ slugger Hack Wilson at Wrigley Field the previous day and refused to hand it over when an usher demanded its return. The usher had told him that the Cubs could not "afford to let the customers walk off with their baseballs." Mr. Porto and two friends had been arrested by stadium security staff.

Baseball
Gabby Hartnett hit 2 home runs and 2 singles and drove in 6 runs, including the winning run in the bottom of the 9th inning, as the Chicago Cubs edged the Philadelphia Phillies 13-12 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Kiki Cuyler drove in 5 runs for the Cubs with a home run and a double.

The New York Yankees swept a doubleheader from the St. Louis Browns 5-4 and 16-4 at Yankee Stadium. Sam Byrd had a single, double, and triple for the Yankees in the first game, while Babe Ruth hit his 25th and 26th home runs of the season in the second game. Billy Werber played shortstop for New York in the second game, batting 2 for 3 with 2 bases on balls, with 2 runs, and making 7 putouts, 2 assists, and an error, participating in a double play in his first major league game.

The Washington Nationals scored 11 runs in the 7th inning as they beat the Cleveland Indians 13-5 at Griffith Stadium in Washington. Ossie Bluege led the Nationals with 4 hits, and Sam Rice drove in 4 runs.

80 years ago
1940

War
The Royal Canadian Navy destroyer HMCS Fraser was sunk in collision off France. Shortly after midnight, the cease-fire took effect in France, and France declared a day of national mourning.

Diplomacy
League of Nations Secretary General Joseph Avenol instructed the remaining 89 League employees to resign.

Japan said that it would not permit any foreign power interference in East Asia, including Indochina and Netherlands East Indies.

Politics and government
The United Kingdom granted India and Burma the right to govern themselves as a step toward dominion status.

Delegates to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia Convention Hall forced changes in the party platform, making it more isolationist. Former U.S. President Herbert Hoover addressed the convention, charging that current President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal economic policies had been disastrous, and appealing to the delegates to make Mr. Hoover the Republican Party's 1940 candidate for President of the United States.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the tax bill raising the national debt to $49 billion and adding 2.2 million people to the tax rolls.

U.S. President Roosevelt signed a bill permitting the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to purchase stock of Federal Home Loan Banks.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Sentimental Journey--Les Brown and his Orchestra (vocal chorus by Doris Day) (4th week at #1)
--Hal McIntyre and his Orchestra
--The Merry Macs
2 There! I've Said it Again--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra (vocal refrain by Vaughn Monroe and the Norton Sisters)
--Jimmy Dorsey and his Orchestra
3 Bell Bottom Trousers--Tony Pastor and his Orchestra
--Kay Kyser and his Orchestra
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Louis Prima and his Orchestra
4 Laura--Johnnie Johnston
--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--Dick Haymes
5 You Belong to My Heart--Bing Crosby and Xavier Cugat and his Orchestra
--Charlie Spivak and his Orchestra
6 Caldonia--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
--Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five
--Erskine Hawkins and his Orchestra
7 Dream--The Pied Pipers
--Frank Sinatra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
8 The More I See You--Dick Haymes
--Harry James and his Orchestra
9 My Dreams are Getting Better All the Time--Les Brown and his Orchestra (vocal chorus by Doris Day)
--Johnny Long and his Orchestra and Dick Robertson
--Phil Moore Four
10 Candy--Johnny Mercer, Jo Stafford and the Pied Pipers with Paul Weston and His Orchestra
--Dinah Shore
--Johnny Long and his Orchestra and Dick Robertson

Singles entering the chart were Chopin's Polonaise by Carmen Cavallaro and his Orchestra (#20); I Wish (#25)/Put Another Chair at the Table (#36) by the Mills Brothers; If I Loved You by Perry Como (#28); Counting the Days (#35)/Missouri Waltz (#42) by Frankie Carle and his Orchestra; All at Once, with versions by Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra; and Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (#37); Gotta Be This or That by Benny Goodman and his Orchestra (#38); and Oh, Brother! by Harry James and his Orchestra (#45). If I Loved You was a version of a song originally from the musical play Carousel (1945).

War
U.S. naval units made their first foray past the Kuril Islands into the Sea of Okhotsk north of Japan, sinking three Japanese ships. In the pincer movement in the Cayagan Valley on Luzon in the Philippines, the U.S. 37th Infantry Division reached to within 11 miles of the 11th Airborne Group.

Diplomacy
The last plenary session of the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco met, and members received the final draft of the United Nations Charter.

Politics and government
The Simla Conference opened to consider British proposals for revising India's government.

The U.S.S.R. reported that the German Communist Party issued a manifesto in Berlin that barred a soviet system for the Reich and asked for a coalition parliamentary government and development of private enterprise and the profit system.

Economics and finance
The American Bankers' Association reversed its previous stand and endorsed the Bretton Woods monetary proposals.

A U.S. Emergency Appeals Court in Washington, D.C. ruled that Office of Price Administration ceiling rents for luxury apartments in New York City were too low, but upheld ceilings for substandard and medium-size dwellings.

Labour
The Independent Truck Drivers Union ordered its 6,000 striking members in Chicago to return to work since present "facts" made it "impossible to gain anything by this unprovoked...walkout."

70 years ago
1950

War
75,000 North Korean People's Army troops invaded South Korea at dawn at six points along the 200-mile border, beginning the Korean War. The North Koreans also made amphibious landings on South Korea's east coast. The United Nations Security Council, boycotted by the U.S.S.R., unanimously passed a resolution calling for a cease-fire in Korea and withdrawal of North Korean invaders to the 38th Parallel, and asked all UN members "to render every assistance to the UN in the execution of this resolution" and "to refrain from giving assistance" to North Korea. U.S. President Harry Truman told an emergency strategy meeting in Blair House that the United States must take decisive action to save South Korea from the northern attack, and prevent Communist expansion in the Far East, regardless of previous policy.



Labour
A strike by 4,000 members of the American Federation of Labour Switchmen's Union halted operation of four Midwestern and Western railroads.

Auto racing
AAA
Championship Car Series
Jack McGrath won the Langhorne 100 on the dirt track at Langhorne Speedway in Pennsylvania. Henry Banks finished second and Chuck Stevenson third in the 18-car field.

Baseball
Ralph Kiner hit for the cycle and added a second home run, driving in 8 runs, to lead the Pittsburgh Pirates past the Brooklyn Dodgers 16-11 before 20,196 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn.

The Chicago Cubs scored 7 runs in the top of the 9th inning to break a 4-4 tie and withstood a 4-run rally in the bottom of the 9th as they beat the Philadelphia Phillies 11-8 in the first game of a doubleheader before 18,484 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. Hank Sauer led the Chicago attack, batting 4 for 4 with a base on balls, 2 home runs, 2 doubles, 3 runs, and 4 runs batted in. Richie Ashburn singled home Putsy Caballero with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th to give the Phillies a 2-1 win in the second game. Robin Roberts (9-3) pitched a 7-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Bob Rush (8-6), who allowed 8 hits. The results left the Phillies ½ game behind the first-place Dodgers in the National League pennant race.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport--Rolf Harris (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Scandalo al sole (The Theme from "A Summer Place")--Percy Faith and his Orchestra (8th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Wir wollen niemals auseinandergehn--Heidi Brühl (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Cathy's Clown--The Everly Brothers (9th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Everybody’s Somebody’s Fool--Connie Francis
2 Cathy’s Clown--The Everly Brothers
3 Alley-Oop--The Hollywood Argyles
--Dante and the Evergreens
4 Because They're Young--Duane Eddy and the Rebels
5 Burning Bridges--Jack Scott
6 Swingin’ School--Bobby Rydell
7 Paper Roses--Anita Bryant
8 Good Timin’--Jimmy Jones
9 A Rockin' Good Way (To Mess Around and Fall in Love)--Dinah Washington & Brook Benton
10 Love You So--Ron Holden with the Thunderbirds

Singles entering the chart were There's Something on Your Mind (Part 2) by Bobby Marchan (#66); Tuxedo Junction (#69)/Where are You (#88) by Frankie Avalon; Look for a Star, with versions by Garry Miles; and Deane Hawley (#71); Sticks and Stones by Ray Charles and his Orchestra (#75); Tell Laura I Love Her by Ray Peterson (#77); Trouble in Paradise by the Crests (#78); Wake Me, Shake Me by the Coasters (#80); Bad Man Blunder by the Kingston Trio (#86); All the Love I've Got by Marv Johnson (#87); Johnny Freedom by Johnny Horton (#89); Don't Come Knockin' by Fats Domino (#90); Feel So Fine by Johnny Preston (#92); Is a Blue Bird Blue by Conway Twitty (#94); and Question by Lloyd Price and his Orchestra (#98). Don't Come Knockin' was the other side of Walking to New Orleans, which had yet to chart.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Mule Skinner Blues--The Fendermen
2 Alley-Oop--The Hollywood Argyles
3 Biology--Danny Valentino
4 I'm Sorry--Brenda Lee
5 Everybody’s Somebody’s Fool--Connie Francis
6 Only the Lonely (Know How I Feel)--Roy Orbison
7 Because They're Young--Duane Eddy and the Rebels
8 Mission Bell--Donnie Brooks
9 Paper Roses--Anita Bryant
10 When Will I Be Loved--The Everly Brothers

Singles entering the chart were Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini by Brian Hyland (#14); Image of a Girl by the Safaris with the Phantom's Band (#23); Tell Laura I Love Her by Ray Peterson (#35); Feel So Fine by Johnny Preston (#44); Do You Mind? by Andy Williams (#45); How Long by Darwin and the Cupids (#48); Big Boy Pete by the Olympics (#51); I'm Getting Better by Jim Reeves (#52); Walking to New Orleans by Fats Domino (#53); Josephine by Bill Black's Combo (#54); Bad Man Blunder by the Kingston Trio (#56); Girls, Girls, Girls by Steve Lawrence (#57); Bye Bye Johnny by Chuck Berry (#58); Mojo Workout (Dance) by Larry Bright (#59); and Rainbow's End by Chet Atkins (#60).

At the movies
Inherit the Wind, produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, and starring Spencer Tracy, Fredric March, Gene Kelly, and Dick York, received its world premiere screening at the Berlin Film Festival.



Died on this date
Tommy Corcoran, 91. U.S. baseball player and umpire. Mr. Corcoran was a shortstop with the Pittsburgh Burghers (1890); Philadelphia Athletics (1891); Brooklyn Bridegrooms (1892-1896); Cincinnati Reds (1897-1906); and New York Giants (1907), batting .256 with 34 home runs and 1,137 runs batted in in 2,205 games. On August 7, 1903, he made 14 assists, which remains the major league record for a 9-inning game. Mr. Corcoran became an umpire after his playing days, and umpired for a season in the Federal League.

Diplomacy
William Martin and Bernon Mitchell, cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency, left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.

50 years ago
1970

War
U.S. Secretary of State William Rogers told a press conference that the United States had taken a "political initiative" to get Egypt and Israel to "stop shooting and start talking."

Politics and government
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau issued a White Paper on foreign policy; it outlined ways to safeguard sovereignty and increase foreign aid.

Abominations
Royal assent was given to the revised Canada Elections Act, lowering the federal voting age from 21 to 18.

Environment
Canadian Fisheries Minister Jack Davis announced a $1.5-million assistance program for fishermen and processors hurt by mercury contamination of fish in Ontario and Atlantic Canada.

Economics and finance
U.S. Commerce Secretary Maurice Stans gave the Nixon administration’s "reluctant" support to legislation imposing import quotas on textiles. The move came the day after negotiations with Japan seeking an agreement on textile trade collapsed.

Disasters
Seven people died and about a dozen were injured when a U.S. Navy jet trainer crashed into a residential area in San Antonio, Texas.

40 years ago
1980

On television tonight
Family, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Letting Go

This was the 86th and last episode of the series.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Ottawa (0-2-1) 24 @ Montreal (3-0) 34
Winnipeg (1-2) 20 @ Toronto (0-3) 16

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Taiyō no Komachi Angel (太陽のＫｏｍａｃｈｉ　Ａｎｇｅｌ)--B'z

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Verdammt, Ich Lieb' Dich--Matthias Reim (6th week at #1)

Died on this date
Ezio Faraone, 33. Canadian policeman. Mr. Faraone was a constable with Edmonton Police Service. He was with a Tactical Team Unit looking for the getaway car after a bank robbery by Albert Foulston and Jerry Crews, and spotted the car. Constable Faraone saw Mr. Foulston in the front seat and went over to the car, only to be fatally shot by Mr. Crews, who was hiding in the back seat. Constable Faraone was the first Edmonton policeman to be murdered on duty since 1919.

Diplomacy
South African terrorist Nelson Mandela met with U.S. President George Bush at the White House. Mr. Bush urged all parties in South Africa to renounce violence, but Mr. Mandela refused to make that commitment.

World events
Chinese dissidents Fang Lizhi, a physicist, and his wife Li Shuxian left China and flew to London aboard a U.S. Air Force plane. The couple had entered the United States embassy in Beijing in June 1989 to avoid being seized by Chinese authorities in the wake of the aborted uprising against the Communist regime. The Chinese government accused the couple of helping incite the pro-democracy movement. In a statement issued as they left, they admitted opposing elements of the Chinese constitution and agreed not to participate in "activities whose motive lies in opposing China." Mr. Fang was to become affiliated with Cambridge University.

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Scream--Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Shut Up (and Sleep with Me)--Sin with Sebastian (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Scatman (Ski-Ba-Bop-Ba-Dop-Bop)--Scatman John (9th week at #1)

Died on this date
Ernest Walton, 91. Irish physicist. Dr. Walton was awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize in physics with John Cockroft "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"--popularly known as "splitting the atom."

Warren Burger, 87. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1969-1986. Chief Justice Burger delivered the Minnesota delegation for Dwight D. Eisenhower at the 1952 Republican National convention, and was rewarded by being appointed Assistant Attorney General when Gen. Eisenhower became U.S. President. Mr. Burger was appointed by President Eisenhower to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1956, and served on that court until he accepted President Richard Nixon's nomination to succeed the retiring Earl Warren as Chief Justice. As Chief Justice, he took liberal positions on some issues and conservative positions on others, and was reportedly regarded within the court as a poor leader. Chief Justice Burger retired from the Supreme Court in 1986.

20 years ago
2000

Politics and government
The final day of parliamentary elections in Zimbabwe produced a large voter turnout, but international observers said that the polls were tainted by a dirty campaign plagued by violence and intimidation. Opponents of dictator Robert Mugabe posted gains, nonetheless, with the Movement for Democratic Change receiving 47% of the popular vote and taking 57 of 120 seats in the House of Assembly, to 48% of the vote and 63 seats for Mr. Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF).

Consumer advocate Ralph Nader received the Green Party nomination for President of the United States for the November election; he had also been the Green Party nominee in 1996. Mr. Nader vowed to raise $5 million and wage a serious campaign. He was averaging about 5% support in public opinion polls.

10 years ago
2010

Died on this date
Alan Plater, 75. U.K. screenwriter. Mr. Plater was known for his work on television series such as Z Cars (1962-1965); The Beiderbecke Trilogy (1985-1988); and A Very British Coup (1988). He died of cancer.

Diplomacy
The two-day 36th G8 summit opened at Deerhurst Resort in Huntsville, Ontario.

Baseball
Edwin Jackson (5-6) walked 8 batters but pitched a no-hitter, and Adam LaRoche hit a home run with 1 out in the 2nd inning for the only run as the Arizona Diamondbacks edged the Tampa Bay Rays 1-0 before 18,918 fans at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg. Losing pitcher Jeff Niemannn (6-2) allowed 6 hits and 1 earned run in 7.1 innings.

January 13, 2020

180 years ago
1840

Born on this date
Nicholas Flood Davin. U.K.-born Canadian politician and journalist. Mr. Davin, a native of Ireland, moved to Toronto in 1872 and wrote for The Globe before moving west, founding and editing the Regina Leader in 1883. A Conservative, he represented Assiniboia West in the Canadian House of Commons (1887-1900), advocating for provincial status for what eventually became Saskatchewan. In 1878 he was sent by the federal government to the United States to investigate education of Indians. He returned with praise for the American system of concentrating Indians on reservations and giving them industrial education, and in 1879 issued the Davin Report, recommending what became Canada's system of Indian residential schools. Mr. Davin never achieved his goal of becoming a cabinet minister; with his personal and political fortunes on the decline, he fatally shot himself in Winnipeg on October 18, 1901 at the age of 61.

Disasters
The steamship Lexington burned and sank four miles off the coast of Long Island, with the loss of 139 lives.

160 years ago
1860

Died on this date
William Mason, 73. U.S. politician. Dr. Mason, a physician by trade, was a member of the New York State Assembly (1821-1822), and as a Jacksonian, represented New York's 21st District in the U.S. House of Representatives (1835-1837).

130 years ago
1890

Born on this date
Jüri Uluots. Prime Minister of Estonia, 1939-1940; Prime Minister in the duties of the President, 1940-1945. Mr. Uluots, a lawyer and law professor by trade, sat in the Riigikogu (Parliament) from 1920-1926 and 1929-1932. He was Speaker of the Riigivolikogu (lower chamber) from 1938 until taking office as Prime Minister. When Soviet forces invaded and occupied Estonia in 1940 and deported President Konstantin Päts, Mr. Uluots assumed the office of Prime Minister in the duties of the President. He opposed both German and Soviet occupation of Estonia, and proclaimed a new government in September 1944. Soviet forces soon moved back in to occupy the country, and much of the government fled into exile in Stockholm. Mr. Uluots died on January 9, 1945, four days before his 55th birthday and shortly after his arrival in Stockholm, and was succeeded as Prime Minister in the duties of the President by August Rei.

Ballet
Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Sleeping Beauty was performed for the first time, at the Mariensky Theatre in St. Petersburg.

Boxing
Torpedo Billy Murphy (69-15-14-16) knocked out Ike Weir (17-1-6) in the 14th round at California Athletic Club in San Francisco to win the world featherweight title. When Mr. Murphy returned to New Zealand, he was deemed to have forfeited the title.

110 years ago
1910

On the radio
The first public radio broadcast, a live performance of Cavalleria Rusticana and Pagliacci from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, took place. It was transmitted by Lee de Forest, with listeners at several locations throughout the city using earphones.

Born on this date
Jack Mercer. U.S. actor. Mr. Mercer was a voice actor in cartoons. He was best known for providing the voices of Popeye (1935-1945, 1947-1984) and Felix the Cat (1958-1961). Mr. Mercer died of stomach cancer on December 4, 1984 at the age of 74.

Hockey
CHA
Ottawa 15 @ All-Montreal 5

80 years ago
1940

War
A Soviet spokesman claimed that Finnish troops were not near the Soviet border and that the Murmansk railroad was functioning normally. British planes scattered propaganda leaflets over Germany.

Diplomacy
British Member of Parliament Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in Chungking, China for a month-long stay to study the war situation.

Economics and finance
The Argentine government of President Roberto María Ortiz openly blamed the United States for causing the breakdown of recent trade negotiations by being unwilling to make concessions at the expense of American producers.

Society
U.S. Immigration Commissioner James Houghteling reported that the United States had admitted 82,998 immigrants during the fiscal year of 1939, the largest number since 1931.

Medicine
Harvard Medical School Professor Hans Zinsser announced the development of a method to mass produce a vaccine to combat European typhus.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Don't Fence Me In--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters with Vic Schoen and his Orchestra (Best Seller--4th week at #1; Juke Box--5th week at #1)

War
In an effort to cut off the western German forces from Germany, U.S. troops opened a drive on the northern flank in Belgium. Soviet troops opened a winter offensive in south-central Poland under the command of Marshal Ivan Konev. U.S. forces on Luzon Island in the Philippines advanced another 20 miles against little opposition. Allied forces landed on the west coast of Burma, 32 miles below Akyab, getting behind Japanese forces retreating down the coast.

Society
U.S. Attorney General Francis Biddle said that 5,000 Japanese-Americans in the Tule Lake, California relocation camp had applied for repatriation to Japan.

Labour
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Army to seize the plants and facilities of Cleveland Illuminating Company to end a strike of 400 coal passers and maintenance men that had hampered war production in the area.

70 years ago
1950

At the movies
Whirlpool, produced and directed by Otto Preminger, and starring Gene Tierney, Richard Conte, Jose Ferrer, and Charles Bickford, opened in theatres.





Died on this date
Tommy Lee, 46. U.S. automobile dealer and broadcasting executive. Mr. Lee, the son of radio and television magnate Don Lee, inherited his father's Cadillac dealership and broadcasting empire upon the elder Mr. Lee's death in 1934. Tommy Lee had a passion for racing cars on California's dry lakes, but in 1948 was seriously injured when he was T-boned by another driver, leaving him in severe pain. His chauffeur drove him to the Pelissier Building in Los Angeles, ostensibly to see his dentist; however, Mr. Lee took the elevator to the roof on the 12th floor, and jumped to his death.

Diplomacy
Finland and the People's Republic of China formed diplomatic relations.

Cabinet-ranking delegates of Commonwealth countries meeting in Colombo, Ceylon adopted a plan to help Burma and other Southeast Asian countries build up their economies and defeat Communist insurgents.

Crime
United Nations Secretary-General Trygve Lie asked the UN legal department to study the wiretap charges made by Soviet engineer and UN employee Valentin Gubitchev at his trial in New York. U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation director J. Edgar Hoover claimed that his agency was tapping fewer than 170 telephones in the U.S. for "internal security" reasons.

Religion
13 evangelists of the U.S. Protestant Church of Christ accused Roman Catholic priests of attempting to thwart their missionary work in Italy, and claimed that they had recently been stoned out of Castel Gondolfo, site of the pope's summer residence.

Disasters
The British submarine HMS Truculent collided with an oil tanker in the Thames Estuary, killing 64 men.

50 years ago
1970

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): En Man i Byrån--Lill Lindfors

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Venus--The Shocking Blue (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Holley Mims, 40 or 42. U.S. boxer. Mr. Mims was a middleweight who compiled a record of 68-28-6 in a professional career from 1948-1967. He recorded only 13 knockout victories, but was known for his fast hands and boxing skills, and was ranked among the top 10 middleweight contenders for much of his career. Mr. Mims lost close decisions to Sugar Ray Robinson, Joey Giardello, Dick Tiger, and Emile Griffith, handed future World Boxing Association world heavyweight champion Jimmy Ellis his first loss as a professional, and lost a decision to top contender Rubin "Hurricane" Carter after accepting the fight on December 22, 1962 as a late substitute when Mr. Carter's scheduled opponent, Gomeo Brennan, came down with a bad cold on the day of the fight. Mr. Mims died from a kidney ailment.

War
Israeli jets raided the suburbs of Cairo for the second time in a week, striking at a major air force supply base about nine miles from the city, as well as at Egypt’s largest military base, farther from the city.

Space
Citing an "austere" budget, Dr. Thomas O. Paine, administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, said that 50,000 jobs would be cut from NASA programs to save money. Dr. Paine also said that the manned lunar landing programs would be stretched out, but that flights to other planets and work on a manned space station would continue with available funds.

Diplomacy
Swedish Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson announced Sweden had earmarked $15 million U.S. in aid to North Vietnam in the 1970-71 budget and $45 million over three years.

Society
A three-judge U.S. federal district court panel in Washington, D.C. ordered the Internal Revenue Service to stop giving tax exemptions to segregated private schools in Mississippi that had been set up to circumvent the U.S. Supreme Court’s order for the immediate integration of the state’s public school system.

Protest
The first complete study of 1969 student protests, done by the Urban Research Corporation of Chicago, showed that most were non-violent and did not interrupt college routine. The report, which covered 232 campuses, also showed that the New Left was less in evidence than was thought, and that protesters were more concerned with campus conditions than with the Vietnam War.

Disasters
All 30 aboard a DC-3 were killed in a crash after takeoff from Western Samoa’s Faleolo Airport in heavy rain.

40 years ago
1980

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Jezebel--Jon Stevens (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Todesengel--Frank Duval (4th week at #1)

Died on this date
Andre Kostelanetz, 78. Russian-born orchestra conductor. Mr. Kostelanetz moved to the United States in 1922, and began conducting orchestras on radio. He had his own program, Andre Kostelanetz Presents, in the 1930s, but was best known for the many albums of "easy listening" music that he conducted from the 1940s until his death, 22 days after his 78th birthday, which resulted from pneumonia contracted while on vacation in Haiti, 13 days after conducting a New Year's Eve concert in San Francisco.

World events
More than 100,000 people greeted Patriotic Front leader Joshua Nkomo on his return to Zimbabwe Rhodesia after three years of exile. He returned under the recently negotiated peace accord in order to campaign in the upcoming national election.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution to impose economic sanctions upon Iran. The U.S.A. and some of its allies vowed to continue to seek sanctions.

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Love Shack--The B-52's (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Lambada--Kaoma (16th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): That's What I Like--Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Hélène--Roch Voisine (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Hangin' Tough--New Kids on the Block

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 All Around the World--Lisa Stansfield (2nd week at #1)
2 Homely Girl--UB40
3 Eleni--Cees Tol & Thomas Tol
4 Dançando Lambada--Kaoma
5 Lily was Here--David A. Stewart and featuring Candy Dulfer
6 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt featuring Aaron Neville
7 Got to Get--Rob 'n' Raz featuring Leila K
8 Sit and Wait--Sydney Youngblood
9 Get a Life--Soul II Soul
10 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins

Singles entering the chart were Inna City Mamma by Neneh Cherry (#24); In Private by Dusty Springfield (#26); Git on Up by Fast Eddie featuring Sundance (#29); When You Come Back to Me by Jason Donovan (#33); Volare by Gipsy Kings (#34); and The Wall Came Tumbling Down by Bolland & Bolland (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (5th week at #1)
2 Rhythm Nation--Janet Jackson
3 Pump Up the Jam--Technotronic featuring Felly
4 How am I Supposed to Live Without You--Michael Bolton
5 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
6 Everything--Jody Watley
7 This One's for the Children--New Kids on the Block
8 Just Like Jesse James--Cher
9 With Every Beat of My Heart--Taylor Dayne
10 Just Between You and Me--Lou Gramm

Singles entering the chart were I Go to Extremes by Billy Joel (#67); Sacrifice by Elton John (#87); All Nite by Entouch featuring Keith Sweat (#88); Timeless Love by Saraya (#91); and Figure of Eight by Paul McCartney (#92). Timeless Love was from the movie Shocker (1989).

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Cash Box): Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (5th week at #1)

Canada's top 10 (RPM)
1 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins (5th week at #1)
2 We Didn't Start the Fire--Billy Joel
3 Downtown Train--Rod Stewart
4 Blame it on the Rain--Milli Vanilli
5 With Every Beat of My Heart--Taylor Dayne
6 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
7 Just Between You and Me--Lou Gramm
8 Rhythm Nation--Janet Jackson
9 Just Like Jesse James--Cher
10 Angelia--Richard Marx

Singles entering the chart were Little Salvation by Luba (#80); Opposites Attract by Paula Abdul (Duet with the Wild Pair) (#82); Bring it All Back by Grayson Hugh (#85); Two to Make it Right by Seduction (#88); In the 21st Century by Men Without Hats (#91); and Here We Are by Gloria Estefan (#93).

Politics and government
Before ending his visit to Lithuania, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev expressed a willingness to accept a multiparty system in the U.S.S.R.

Douglas Wilder, a Democrat, became the first elected Negro to take office as Governor of a U.S. state as he took the oath of office in Richmond.

Crime
Salvadoran President Alfredo Cristiani announced that a colonel, two lieutenants, and five other soldiers had been arrested for the murders of six Jesuit priests and two others in San Salvador in November 1989.

In Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, youths went on a rampage through the Armenian section of town, and 30 people, mostly Armenians, were reported killed.

Hockey
NHL
Toronto 6 Calgary 5

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Stay Another Day--East 17 (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Love Me for a Reason--Boyzone (3rd week at #1)

Politics and government
Italian President Oscar Scalfaro declined to call new elections, and asked Lamberto Dini to form a cabinet. Mr. Dini had served as treasury minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, who had resigned on December 22, 1994.

War
The lower house of the Russian Parliament recommended that President Boris Yeltsin seek a political solution in Chechnya, where Russian troops were fighting those from the rebel province.

20 years ago
2000

Politics and government
Russian President Vladimir Putin declared that he would run for President in the March election.

Crime
Nathaniel Abraham, who was just shy of his 14th birthday, was sentenced to 7 years in a maximum-security juvenile detention centre for a murder that he committed at the age of 11. He was the youngest American ever convicted of murder as an adult, under a law in Michigan that allowed a child of any age to be tried as an adult. Mr. Abraham killed 18-year-old Ronnie Greene.

Economics and finance
The Canadian government announced that it would pay $1 billion over the next two years to help farmers through the latest crisis in agricultural prices. Critics complained that the promised aid wasn’t enough.

Business
Steve Ballmer replaced Bill Gates as the chief executive officer of Microsoft.

10 years ago
2010

Died on this date
Jack Block, 85. U.S. psychologist. Dr. Block taught at the University of California at Berkeley for many years, specializing in personality theory and development. He worked with his wife Jeanne until her death from cancer in 1981; they created a person-centered personality framework, examining personality in terms of two variables: ego-resiliency (the ability to respond flexibly to changing situations) and ego-control (the ability to suppress impulses). Dr. Jack Block was perhaps best known for a study published in The Journal of Research in Personality in 2006, which found that subjects who at 3 years old had seemed thin-skinned, rigid, inhibited and vulnerable tended at 23 to be political conservatives, while 3-year-olds characterized as self-reliant, energetic, somewhat dominating and resilient were inclined to become liberals.

Teddy Pendergrass, 59. U.S. singer. Mr. Pendergrass began his career as a drummer with various groups in Philadelphia before joining Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes in 1970. He soon became the group's lead singer, and they achieved commercial success with hit singles such as If You Don't Know Me by Now (1972) and The Love I Lost (Part I) (1973), epitomizing the "Philadelphia Soul" sound of the early 1970s. Mr. Pendergrass embarked on a solo career in the late 1970s, and was popular not only as a singer but as a sex symbol. He was paralyzed from the chest down in a car accident in 1982, but made a successful comeback as a recording artist. Mr. Pendergrass battled colon cancer in later years, but finally died of respiratory failure.

October 30, 2019

210 years ago
1809

Died on this date
William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, 71. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1783, 1807-1809. Mr. Cavendish-Bentinck, a Whig from 1761-1794 and a Tory thereafter, was elected to the House of Commons for the English borough of Weobley in 1761, and entered the House of Lords upon the death of his father a year later. He led a coalition government from April-Decemer 1783, but the government fell after losing a vote in the House of Commons on reforming the East India Company. The Duke of Portland served as Home Secretary (1794-1801) and Lord of the Council (1801-1805), and returned as Prime Minister in 1807, following the collapse of the coalition "Ministry of all the Talents." He was regarded as a figurehead leader of a cabinet of strong ministers, but died in office after an operation to remove a kidney stone.

180 years ago
1839

Born on this date
Alfred Sisley. French-born U.K. artist. Mr. Sisley, born in Paris to English parents, was an Impressionist landscape painter who spent most of his life in France, and died there of throat cancer on January 29, 1899 at the age of 59.

125 years ago
1894

Born on this date
Peter Warlock. U.K. composer and critic. Mr. Warlock, whose real name was Philip Heseltine, adopted the name Warlock because of his interest in the occult. He was a controversial and combative critic in the 1910s and '20s, championing the works of his friend Frederick Delius. Mr. Warlock wrote about 150 songs and numerous other choral works; his best-known instrumental work was his Capriol Suite (1926). He died on December 17, 1930 at the age of 36 from coal gas poisoning; an open verdict was returned, but it was likely that Mr. Warlock committed suicide.

Died on this date
Honoré Mercier, 54. Canadian politician. Mr. Mercier, a Liberal, was a member of the Canadian House of Commons from 1872-1874 before moving into provincial politics, serving as Premier of Quebec from 1886-1891. In 1887, Mr. Mercier hosted the first interprovincial conference of premiers since Confederation, forcing the federal government to recognize provincial autonomy in fiscal matters. Mr. Mercier also established the practice of regarding the government of Quebec as the advocate for the rights of French-Canadians outside Quebec. He was removed from office in December 1891 by Lieutenant-Governor Auguste-Réal Angers after a report concluded that Mr. Mercier's government had diverted public funds in the Baie des Chaleurs railway scandal. There was no proof that Mr. Mercier was personally involved in the scandal, but his health was broken, and he died 15 days after his 54th birthday.

110 years ago
1909

Football
CRU
ORFU
(Toronto) Parkdale Canoe Club (2-1) 6 Toronto Amateur Athletic Club (2-1) 10

100 years ago
1919

Died on this date
Ella Wheeler Wilcox, 68. U.S. poet. Miss Wilcox was best known for her poem Solitude, which includes the lines: "Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and you weep alone." She was an occultist who subscribed to the teachings of Theosophy and New Thought, and died of cancer, six days before her 69th birthday.

Football
CRU
ARU
The Edmonton Canucks disbanded for the season, two days before they were scheduled to play the Calgary Canucks at Hillhurst Park in Calgary.

80 years ago
1939

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Devil’s Foot

75 years ago
1944

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I'll Walk Alone--Dinah Shore
--Martha Tilton
--Mary Martin
2 Is You is or is You Ain't (Ma' Baby)--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters
--Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five
3 You Always Hurt the One You Love--The Mills Brothers
4 It Had to Be You--Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest
--Betty Hutton
--Artie Shaw and his Orchestra
5 Swinging on a Star--Bing Crosby
6 Dance with a Dolly (With a Hole in Her Stocking)--Evelyn Knight with Camarata and his Orchestra
--Tony Pastor and his Orchestra
7 Together--Helen Forrest and Dick Haymes
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
8 Time Waits for No One--Helen Forrest
--Johnny Long and his Orchestra
9 How Many Hearts Have You Broken--Stan Kenton and his Orchestra
--The Three Suns
10 I'll Be Seeing You--Bing Crosby
--Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra

This was the first edition of the Cash Box singles chart; the remainder of the top 45 songs are too numerous to list here.

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Haunted Chateau

Ballet
Appalachian Spring, composed by Aaron Copland, received its premiere performance at the Library of Congress in Washington, with Martha Graham, for whom the ballet had been written, dancing the lead role.









War
Allied troops in the Netherlands pushed 40,000 German troops toward the Meuse River on a 50-mile front. Greek patriots claimed the liberation of Salonika, as British units caught up with fleeing German troops in Greece, 40 miles from the Yugoslavian border. With two-thirds of Leyte Island controlled by Americans, Japanese forces in the Philippines began escape operations on the west coast.

Protest
The Soviet news agency Tass reported that demonstrations had taken place in Tehran and other Iranian cities against President Mohammed Maraghei Said because of his refusal to grant oil concessions to the U.S.S.R.

Scandal
Members of the cabinet of Puerto Rico Governor Rexford Tugwell spent an hour in jail for contempt of court for continuing to spend the $16-million fund of the war emergency program.

70 years ago
1949

Theatre
Lost in the Stars, a musical with lyrics and book by Maxwell Anderson and music by Kurt Weill, based on Alan Paton's novel Cry, the Beloved Country, opened at the Music Box Theatre on Broadway in New York. The production was directed by Rouben Mamoulian, and starred Todd Duncan and Inez Matthews. It was Mr. Weill's last work for the stage.

Died on this date
Charles Kerr, 88. U.S. engineer. Mr. Kerr designed the first steam turbine used in merchant ships; he died in Los Angeles.

Defense
The U.S. Defense Department announced a forthcoming reduction of the Navy by 77 ships because of budget cuts.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Hamilton (0-11) 18 @ Montreal (7-4) 29

NFL
Philadelphia (5-1) 38 @ Pittsburgh (4-2) 7
New York Giants (4-2) 41 @ Chicago Cardinals (2-4) 38
Washington (2-3-1) 14 @ New York Bulldogs (0-5-1) 14
Chicago Bears (3-3) 24 @ Los Angeles (6-0) 27
Detroit (1-5) 14 Green Bay (2-4) 16 @ Milwaukee

AAFC
Baltimore (1-8) 14 @ New York (6-1) 21
San Francisco (6-3) 28 @ Cleveland (6-1-1) 30



60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Travellin' Light--Cliff Richard and the Shadows

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: Walking Distance, starring Gig Young



Space
Nikolai Kozyrev of Russia's Pulkovo Observatory reported that spectral photographs proved that the lunar crater Alphonse was an "active" volcano.

War
Dispatches from Saigon reported that South Vietnamese marines had killed 300 Communist guerrillas and captured 400 more in a two-week anti-terrorist drive in the Camau Peninsula.

Defense
The U.S.A. announced Turkish acceptance of a NATO missile base accord.

Protest
At least 20 Africans died in rioting touched off when Belgian-led African territorial police tried to arrest Congolese National Movement leader Patrice Lumumba and dispersed a nationalist rally in Stanleyville.

Disasters
Piedmont Airlines Flight 349, a Douglas DC-3 en route from Washington, D.C., crashed on approach to Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport in Albemarle County, Virginia, killing 26 of the 27 people on board. Passenger Phil Bradley, 33, was the sole survivor.

50 years ago
1969

On the radio
A Book at Bedtime, on BBC 4
Tonight's episode: The Hound of the Baskervilles, Part 9, read by Nigel Stock

On television tonight
Dragnet 1970, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Homicide: Cigarette Butt



War
After 40 sessions, Paris peace talks to end the Vietnam War were still stalled when chief U.S. negotiator Henry Cabot Lodge tried to get the talks moving by proposing secret talks. The Communists flatly turned down the proposal, calling for direct negotiations between the U.S.A. and Viet Cong.

Defense
It was reported that a secret 1966 U.S. Army memorandum revealed the existence of more than 20,000 bullets containing fatal disease toxins. Knowledgeable sources said that the bullets, stockpiled at Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas, could logically be used by the Army for only one purpose--assassination.

Politics and government
Standing next to Vice-President Spiro Agnew at a White House reception, U.S. President Richard Nixon said that Mr. Agnew "has done a great job for this administration." Mr. Agnew then spoke of "the need for self-discipline of the adult community."

Protest
The first major disruption on the campus of Vassar in its 108-year history occurred when 35 Negro female students seized control of the school’s administration offices and presented a list of separatist demands, including a department of black studies and separate dormitories for 200 Negro students. The protesters, most of them full scholarship students, were aided by 10 Negro youths, who guarded the main entrance.

Exploration
Announcing "the most ambitious underwater exploration program ever attempted," the U.S. Interior Department said that scientists would start living for several months below the ocean’s surface off St. John in the Virgin Islands in the spring of 1970.

Science
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Murray Gell-Mann of the United States for his work "concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions."

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Derek Barton of the U.K. and Odd Hassel of Norway for their work concerning the conformation--or shape--of molecules.

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (12-3) 18 @ British Columbia (5-11) 7

Ron Lancaster completed a 65-yard pass to Hugh Campbell for one Saskatchewan touchdown, while backup quarterback Bubba Wyche completed just 1 of 7 passes, but his completion was a short pass to Bobby Thompson, who broke it for an 85-yard touchdown as the Roughriders beat the Lions. B.C. failed to score a touchdown, getting only a field goal and 2 singles from Ted Gerela, as well as a safety touch. 32,340 fans showed up at Empire Stadium to see if their team could clinch a playoff spot after starting the season with 10 losses in their first 11 games. Instead, B.C.’s 4-game winning streak was snapped, and they had to hope that the Roughriders would win in Edmonton 3 days later to prevent the Eskimos from capturing the Western Football Conference’s third and final playoff spot.

Baseball
Nippon Series
Hankyu Braves 4 @ Yomiuri Giants 9 (Yomiuri led best-of-seven series 3-1)

40 years ago
1979

Died on this date
Barnes Wallis, 92. U.K. engineer. Sir Barnes invented the bouncing bomb used by the Royal Air Force in Operation Chastise (the "Dambusters" raid) to attack the dams of the Ruhr Valley during World War II. His other inventions included the earthquake bomb and a version of the geodetic airframe.

Hockey
NHL
St. Louis 2 Edmonton 1

Baseball
Nippon Series
Kintetsu Buffaloes 2 @ Hiroshima Carp 3 (Kintetsu led best-of-seven series 2-1)

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Swing the Mood--Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Lambada--Kaoma (11th week at #1)

Protest
300,000 East Germans in Leipzig demonstrated in Leipzig on behalf of political reform. It was the second such demonstration there within a week.

Politics and government
Newfoundland Premier Clyde Wells announced his intention submit a motion to the Newfoundland House of Assembly to terminate the province's approval of the Meech Lake constitutional accord.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Endless Love--Luther Vandross and Mariah Carey (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Hey Süßer--Lucilectric

#1 single in Switzerland: Let the Dream Come True--DJ Bobo (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Chart Information Network): Baby Come Back--Pato Banton featuring Ali and Robin Campbell (2nd week at #1)

Football
CFL
Hamilton (4-13) 10 @ Calgary (14-3) 47

Doug Flutie threw touchdown passes of 106 yards to PeeWee Smith, 5 yards to Will Moore, 23 yards to Vince Danielsen, and 15 yards to Allen Pitts as the Stampeders routed the Tiger-Cats before 20,029 fans at McMahon Stadium. Mr. Pitts' touchdown was his 20th of the season, tying the CFL single-season record for touchdown receptions set by Darrell K. Smith of the Toronto Argos in 1990. Calgary safety Greg Knox returned an interception 111 yards for a touchdown in the 4th quarter, and fullback Shawn Daniels rushed 1 yard for the final Calgary TD. Defensive end Tim Cofield scored the only Hamilton touchdown on a 29-yard fumble return in the 2nd quarter.



20 years ago
1999

Died on this date
Max Patkin, 79. U.S. baseball clown. Mr. Patkin, the "Clown Prince of Baseball," was a minor league pitcher with the Wisconsin Rapids White Sox (1941-1942) and Green Bay Bluejays (1942) of the Class D Wisconsin State League and Wilkes-Barre Barons (1946) of the Class A Eastern League, compiling a record of 11-9 in 32 games. An arm injury curtailed his career, but his antics caught the eye of Cleveland Indians' owner Bill Veeck, who hired him as a "coach" to boost attendance. When the Indians began to attract crowds without needing Mr. Patkin, Mr. Veeck got him started with minor league clubs, where he spent most of the rest of his life as a travelling entertainer. I met Mr. Patkin when he performed for the Edmonton Trappers in 1981, and I have one of his autographed baseball cards. His style of humour was dated, to put it mildly, but he was a very nice man, and I was sad to hear of his passing.

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (3-14) 21 @ Edmonton (6-11) 34
Hamilton (10-7) 21 @ British Columbia (12-5) 26

Sean Millington rushed 29 times for 225 yards and 3 touchdowns to lead the Eskimos past the Roughriders before a Commonwealth Stadium crowd of 33,850 on a sunny Saturday afternoon. Mr. Millington’s rushing total was exactly half of his total for the season, and broke Normie Kwong’s team single-game record of 192 yards from 1955. Edmonton quarterback Kevin Mason completed 11 of 17 passes for 149 yards and a touchdown to Ed Hervey. Reggie Jones caught 3 passes for 99 yards for the Roughriders, including a 65-yard touchdown reception from Steve Sarkisian. Ricky Whittle carried 14 times for 41 yards and ran 1 yard for the other Saskatchewan touchdown. The win kept the Eskimos’ playoff hopes alive; a win in Toronto or a Winnipeg loss in Montreal the following week would put the Eskimos into the playoffs for the 28th consecutive season. For the Roughriders, the loss was their eighth in a row.

B.C. quarterback Damon Allen rushed 11 times for 65 yards and completed 16 of 24 passes for 189 yards and 2 touchdowns to lead the Lions over the Tiger-Cats in front of just 18,817 fans at B.C. Place Stadium in Vancouver. Rocky Henry and Don Blair were on the receiving end of Mr. Allen’s touchdown passes. The Lions’ other touchdown was scored by linebacker Rafael Robinson, who blocked a punt in the third quarter and returned it 11 yards. Ronald Williams led the Hamilton offense with 12 carries for 144 yards and touchdown runs of 1 and 65 yards; he also caught 2 passes for 23 yards. The Tiger-Cats hurt their own cause with 4 lost fumbles. Hamilton defensive end Joe Montford was ejected just 7 minutes into the game when he appeared to try to kick one of the Lions during a melee on the field that involved several players.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Claude Lévi-Strauss, 100. Belgian-born French anthropologist and ethnologist. Professor Lévi-Strauss has been called one of the "fathers of modern anthropology." He was a major figure in the field of structural anthropology, arguing that human characteristics are the same everywhere and that cultures are determined by their interrelationships. Professor Lévi-Strauss's best-known book was Tristes Tropiques (1955); he died 29 days before his 101st birthday.

Forest Evashevski, 91. U.S. football player and coach. Mr. Evashevski played quarterback at the University of Michigan (1938-1940) and the U.S. Navy's pre-flight school at the University of Iowa (1942). He was an assistant coach at three universities, and head coach at Hamilton College (1941); Washington State University (1950-1951); and the University of Iowa (1952-1960), compiling a record of 68-35-6. He was best known for his years at Iowa, leading the Hawkeyes to Big Ten championships in 1956, 1958, and 1960, and the national championship in 1958. Mr. Evashevski had a feud with U of I athletic director Paul Brechler, and when Mr. Brechler resigned after the 1959 football season, Mr. Evashevski replaced him, stepping down as head coach after the 1960 season. Mr. Evashevski's time as Iowa's athletic director was characterized by mediocre football records and conflicts with three head coaches, culminating in the firing of both Mr. Evashevski and head football coach Ray Nagel on May 16, 1970, after an investigation of padded expense accounts. Mr. Nagel was rehired several days later, but Mr. Evashevski's career at Iowa was over. He worked briefly as a colour commentator for college football telecasts on ABC, and died of cancer.

Football
CFL
Toronto (3-14) 10 @ Edmonton (8-9) 36

Arkee Whitlock rushed 15 times for 114 yards and a touchdown, and Ricky Ray completed 22 of 34 passes for 332 yards and a touchdown pass to Jason Barnes as the Eskimos took a 20-3 lead in the 2nd quarter and coasted to victory over the Argonauts before 30,012 fans in the last Canadian Football League game played on natural turf at Commonwealth Stadium, and maybe the last CFL game ever played on natural turf. Mr. Barnes' touchdown was his first in the CFL. Toronto quarterback Stephen Reaves threw his only CFL touchdown pass, 1 yard to Chad Lucas on the last play of the 1st half. Edmonton linebacker T.J. Hill scored the only touchdown of the 2nd half on a 58-yard interception return on the first play from scrimmage in the half. Edmonton kicker Derek Schiavone, playing his only game of the season, converted all 3 touchdowns and added 5 field goals. It was the final home game for CHED's Bryan Hall in his 42 years as radio voice of Eskimo games.

May 20, 2019

1,225 years ago
794

Died on this date
Æthelberht II. King of East Anglia, 779 (?)-794. King Æthelberht II succeeded his father Æthelred I on the throne. Æthelberht II visited the royal Mercian court at Sutton Walls, with a view to marrying princess Ælfthryth, but was taken captive and beheaded. He was succeeded on the throne by Offa of Mercia.

570 years ago
1449

Died on this date
Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, 56. Pedro, the son of King João I, served as regent of Portugal from 1439-1448, during the minority of his nephew King Afonso V. Pedro was killed commanding rebellious forces against those of his nephew in the Battle of Alfarrobeira.

War
Portuguese forces commanded by King Afonso V defeated rebel forces of Pedro, Duke of Coimbra in the the Battle of Alfarrobeira, establishing the House of Braganza as a principal royal family of Portugal.

410 years ago
1609

Literature
Thomas Thorpe published the first copies of William Shakespeare's sonnets, possibly without Mr. Shakespeare's consent.

225 years ago
1794

Born on this date
Pedro María de Anaya. President of Mexico, April-May 1847, November 1847-January 1848. General Anaya served in the Mexican-American War, and was known for leading a brave but unsuccessful fight in the Battle of Churubusco (1847). He was taken prisoner by the Americans, but was freed in time to serve two brief terms as President of Mexico. Gen. Anaya was Governor of the Federal District (1949-1853), and died of pneumonia on March 21, 1854 at the age of 59.

220 years ago
1799

Born on this date
Honoré de Balzac. French author. Mr. Balzac wrote numerous novels, novellas, short stories, and plays, but was best known for the multi-volume series of novels titled La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy), which was unfinished at the time of his death, after a period of failing health, on August 18, 1850 at the age of 51.

160 years ago
1859

Politics and government
George Barstow was elected Mayor of Nanaimo, British Columbia, with only one vote cast.

140 years ago
1879

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister John A. Macdonald appointed Charles Tupper first head of the new Department of Railways and Canals, previously under the Department of Public Works; a Minister would now have jurisdiction over all railways pertaining to the Dominion Government. Mr. Macdonald also appointed Hector-Louis Langevin as Minister of Public Works, and Alexander Campbell as Postmaster-General.

Horse racing
Lord Murphy, with C. Schauer up, won the 5th running of the Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs in Louisville in a time of 2:37. Falsetto placed second and Strathmore finished third in the nine-horse field.

130 years ago
1889

Baseball
The Kansas City Blues became the second team in American Association history to score in every inning of a game as they beat the Brooklyn Bridegrooms 18-12 at Exposition Park in Kansas City. Losing pitcher Mickey Hughes went the distance for the Bridegrooms.

110 years ago
1909

Died on this date
Ernest Hogan, 43. U.S. entertainer. Mr. Hogan, born Ernest Crowdus, performed in minstrel shows, and contributed to the development of ragtime music, writing songs such as All Coons Look Alike to Me. He later regretted helping to start the genre of "coon songs." Mr. Hogan became the first Negro to produce and star in a Broadway show in New York: The Oyster Man (1907). He collapsed on stage in January 1908 while performing in the show, and died of tuberculosis.

Baseball
Walter Johnson struck out 10 and drove in the winning run as the Washington Nationals edged the Cleveland Naps 3-2 in 10 innings at League Park in Cleveland. It was the Big Train’s first win of the season after 5 losses. Addie Joss took the loss for the Naps, pitching a 7-hitter.

The New York Giants edged the Pittsburg Pirates 2-1 at the Polo Grounds in New York, as Howie Camnitz pitched a 5-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Bugs Raymond. Pittsburg shortstop Honus Wagner was presented with a trophy for winning the National League batting title in 1908.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
George Gobel. U.S. actor and comedian. Mr. Gobel starred in the television program The George Gobel Show (1954-1960), where his homespun style of humour made him an instant star. He made many guest appearances in television programs in later years, and died on February 24, 1991 at the age of 71.

Politics and government
Newfoundland Minister of Finance Sir Michael Cashin, leader of the Newfoundland People's Party, introduced a motion of non-confidence in the government of Prime Minister Sir William Lloyd, leader of the Liberal Party. The motion passed, and Sir Michael became Prime Minister. It was the first time in the British Empire that a government had defeated itself.

Abominations
A Yukon ordinance respecting elections gave women the right to vote and hold office.

Baseball
Babe Ruth hit his first major league grand slam in the 2nd inning and pitched the Boston Red Sox to a 6-4 win over the St. Louis Browns at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, improving his 1919 record to 3-0. Dave Davenport was the losing pitcher.

The Philadelphia Phillies scored 6 runs in the bottom of the 9th inning to defeat the St. Louis Cardinals 8-7 at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia.

80 years ago
1939

Died on this date
Joe Carr, 59. U.S. sports executive. Mr. Carr co-founded and served as president of the American Basketball League (1925-1927), and served as the director of the promotional body for minor league baseball (1933-1939) and president of the Columbus Senators of the American Association (1926-1931), but was best known for his football activities. He was coach of the Columbus Panhandles of the Ohio League from 1901-1904. The team disbanded after the 1904 season, but Mr. Carr revived it in 1907, serving as coach through 1918 and as administrator until 1922. He took the team into the American Professional Football Association in 1920, taking office in 1921 as president of the APFA in 1921, which became the National Football League in 1922. Mr. Carr oversaw the expansion of the league; he was--and remains--heavily criticized for his handling of a dispute over the 1925 NFL championship, but oversaw the introduction of a championship game in 1933. He died several hours after suffering a heart attack, and was succeeded as NFL president by Carl Storck. Mr. Carr was inducted into the Professional Football Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1963.

Ballet
Gweneth Lloyd and Betty Farrally founded the Winnipeg Ballet; Canada's first ballet was designated "Royal" in 1953.

Transportation
Regular trans-Atlantic air service began, as a Pan American Airways plane took off from Port Washington, New York, bound for Europe.

Horse racing
Challedon, with George Seabo aboard, won the 65th running of the Preakness Stakes at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore in 1:59 4/5, 1 1/2 lengths ahead of Gilded Knight.

75 years ago
1944

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I Love You--Bing Crosby with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra (Best Seller--3rd week at #1); San Fernando Valley--Bing Crosby with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra (Jukebox--4th week at #1)

War
A record force of about 6,000 U.K.-based planes dropped at least 8,000 tons of explosives on targets in a 150-mile strip between Brittany and Belgium. German forces set up a new defense line anchored at Pico in the north and at Terracina on the Tyrrhenian seacoast.

Diplomacy
Ecuador and Peru accepted the recommendations of a joint U.S.-Brazilian-Argentine committee to settle their border dispute.

U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace left for Asia as President Franklin D. Roosvelt's messenger to Chinese leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and to report on transport problems in Siberia and China.

Politics and government
King Peter II of Yugoslavia removed Minister of War Draja Mikhailovich from his cabinet post.

New York Governor Thomas Dewey gained the Republican National Convention delegates from Utah and Oregon in his campaign for the party's 1944 presidential nomination. U.S. Senator Burnet Maybank (Democrat--South Carolina) said that Southern Democrats were prepared to fight for "white supremacy" at the party's national convention.

The national convention of the Communist Party U.S.A. voted to disband as a separate political unit but to recontinue as the Communist Political Association.

Society
A court in Salt Lake City convicted 15 Utah fundamentalist Mormon polygamists of "unlawful cohabitation." The defendants, with 2-6 wives each, offered no defense, and announced plans to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Energy
The Commission on Palestine Surveys disclosed plans for a $150-million post-World War II irrigation and hydroelectric development in Palestine.

70 years ago
1949

On television tonight
Your Show Time, hosted and narrated by Arthur Shields, on NBC
Tonight's episode: The Million Pound Bank Note, starring Ross Ford and Paula Raymond

Died on this date
Damaskinos, 58. Greek clergyman and politician. Damaskinos Papandreou was appointed Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens and All Greece in 1941. He served as regent of Greece from the withdrawal of German occupation forces in 1944 until the return of King George II in 1946, and was Prime Minister of Greece for 15 days from October 17-November 1, 1945. Damaksinos was succeeded as Archbishop of Athens and All Greece by Spyridon.

Pensive, 8. U.S. racehorse. Pensive won the 1944 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, and placed second in the Belmont Stakes, less than 1/2 length behind Bounding Home. He died shortly after his son Ponder won the 1949 Kentucky Derby.

War
The U.S.A. and U.K. rejected a U.S.S.R. offer to negotiate an end to the Greek civil war, claiming that any settlement must come through the United Nations with the concurrence of the Greek government.

Asiatica
Burmese Karen nationalists proclaimed a separate state in central Burma between Daiku and Toungoo.

Diplomacy
France formally recognized Israel.

Defense
The U.S. Armed Forces Security Agency, the predecessor to the National Security Agency, was established.

Politics and government
The Bavarian parliament refused to ratify the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, but agreed to join the new state if other state legislatures approved the constitution.

Bolivian acting President Mamerto Urriolagoitia named a new cabinet dominated by the Republican Socialist Union Party.

Academia
Illinois' Seditious Activities Investigation Committee cleared the University of Chicago and Roosevelt College of charges that they harboured subversive activities.

Responding to congressional criticism of the granting of a U.S. government fellowship to a Communist Party member, Atomic Energy Commission head David Lilienthal agreed that fellowship applicants shoud be required to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. government.

The Regional Council for Education, charged with carrying through the Southern plan for a segregated higher education system, began signing contracts with universities in Virginia, Louisiana, Georgia, and Tennessee for medical and dental training.

Economics and finance
Poland concluded a trade agreement with Israel.

Labour
The American Federation of Labor International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes announced the signing of a contract with the 10 major Hollywood film studios, ending conflicts with the AFL Conference of Studio Unions.

60 years ago
1959

Died on this date
Irakli Tsereteli, 77. Georgian-born politician. Mr. Tsereteli was a Social Democrat and a Menshevik who was elected to the Duma in 1907, but exiled to Siberia after being charged with trying to overthrow the Czarist government. After the February Revolution in 1917, he returned to Russia and held the posts of Minister of Post and Telegraph and Minister of the Interior in the provisional government. Mr. Tsereteli returned to Georgia after the Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution; he spent the rest of his life in exile, mainly in France, writing on socialism and working with socialist organizations. He died in New York City.

War
The Algerian Provisional Government announced that Communist China had agreed to supply the Algerian nationalists with "satisfactory" amounts of military aid.

Americana
U.S. Attorney General William Rogers announced the completion of a program of restoring American citizenship to 4,978 of the 5,766 Japanese-Americans who had renounced it in 1945 after three years of confinement in relocation camps during World War II.

Law
The American Bar Association Board of Governors conferred with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, reiterating its stand that the association's committee on federal judgeships should screen all potential federal judiciary appointees.

Boxing
Eddie Machen (27-1-1) won a 10-round unanimous decision over California state heavyweight champion Reuben Vargas (18-7) at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California, to the displeasure of the fans of Mr. Vargas.

Baseball
Frank Lary improved his career record against the New York Yankees to 18-5 as the Detroit Tigers beat the Yankees 13-6 before 12,775 fans at Yankee Stadium, dropping the Yankees into the American League basement for the first time in 19 years. Leadoff hitter Eddie Yost led the Detroit attack, batting 3 for 4 with a grand slam, 2 bases on balls, 3 runs, and 6 runs batted in.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Get Back/Don't Let Me Down--The Beatles with Billy Preston (3rd week at #1)

War
U.S. and S.V. forces captured Ap Bia Mountain, referred to as Hamburger Hill by the Americans, following one of the bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War.

Politics and government
A new cabinet was installed in the Federation of Malaysia to govern jointly with the National Operations Council until peace was restored, after racial rioting that had taken at least 167 lives.

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Heart of Glass--Blondie (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Music Box Dancer--Frank Mills

Diplomacy
The Islamic regime of Iran asked the United States to delay the replacement of their ambassador in Tehran, after the Ayatollah Khomeini denounced a U.S. Senate resolution condemning recent executions as "interference" in Iran’s internal affairs.

Energy
Swiss voters overwhelmingly approved a referendum on nuclear power that tightened controls on existing nuclear plants and mandated stricter construction requirements.

Hockey
WHA
Avco World Trophy
Finals
Edmonton 3 @ Winnipeg 7 (Winnipeg won best-of-seven series 4-2)

Willy Lindstrom and Barry Long each scored 2 goals for the Jets before 10,195 fans at Winnipeg Arena as they won their third Avco World Trophy championship in the last four years, in the last game in the seven-year history of the World Hockey Association. Paul MacKinnon, Lyle Moffat, and Kent Nilsson scored the other Winnipeg goals. Ron Chipperfield, Bill Flett, and Dave Semenko scored the Edmonton goals. Mr. Semenko's goal, wiith 12 seconds remaining in the game, was the last goal scored in the WHA.



Basketball
NBA
Finals
Seattle 97 @ Washington 99 (Washington led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Larry Wright made 2 of 3 free throws with 1 second remaining to give the Bullets their win over the SuperSonics before 19,035 fans at Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland. The Bullets had led by as much as 18 points in he 4th quarter. Mr. Wright came off the bench to lead Washington with 26 points, while Gus Williams of Seattle led all scorers with 32 points.





Baseball
Frank Taveras singled home Joel Youngblood with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning to give the New York Mets an 8-7 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 8,180 fans at Shea Stadium in New York. The Cardinals broke a 4-4 tie with 3 runs in the top of the 10th, but Richie Hebner hit a 3-run home run with 1 out in the bottom of the 10th to tie the score 7-7.

The Houston Astros defeated the San Diego Padres 1-0 and 6-3 before 15,039 fans at the Astrodome to move to within 1½ games of the National League West Division-leading Cincinnati Reds. The only run of the first game came on a home run by Terry Puhl, leading off the game against Gaylord Perry.

Tommy John pitched a 2-hitter to improve his 1979 record to 9-0 as the New York Yankees shut out the Boston Red Sox 2-0 before 33,932 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Losing pitcher Dennis Eckersley allowed just 6 hits in a complete game, but allowed solo home runs by Graig Nettles in the 4th inning and Reggie Jackson in the 9th.

Nolan Ryan pitched a 2-hitter and struck out 11 batters, winning the pitchers' duel over Ross Baumgarten, as the California Angels shut out the Chicago White Sox 4-0 before 27,189 fans at Anaheim Stadium.

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Like a Prayer--Madonna (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Eternal Flame--Bangles (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Megamix--Boney M. (5th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Ferry 'Cross the Mersey--The Christians, Holly Johnson, Paul McCartney, Gerry Marsden and Stock Aitken Waterman

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Eternal Flame--Bangles (6th week at #1)
2 Wonderful--Patty and Shift
3 The Look--Roxette
4 Me Myself and I--De La Soul
5 Paradise City--Guns N' Roses
6 I Beg Your Pardon--Kon Kan
7 This is Your Land--Simple Minds
8 Keep On Movin--Soul II Soul
9 Too Many Broken Hearts--Jason Donovan
10 If You Don't Know Me by Now--Simply Red

Singles entering the chart were El Cordobes by BZN (#22); I Want it All by Queen (#23); Forever Your Girl by Paula Abdul (#31); Free by Stevie Wonder (#32); and Blijf Zoals Je Bent by Justine (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Forever Your Girl--Paula Abdul
2 Real Love--Jody Watley
3 I'll Be There for You--Bon Jovi
4 Soldier of Love--Donny Osmond
5 Rock On--Michael Damian
6 Patience--Guns n' Roses
7 Wind Beneath My Wings--Bette Midler
8 After All--Cher and Peter Cetera
9 Every Little Step--Bobby Brown
10 Like a Prayer--Madonna

Singles entering the chart were What You Don't Know by Expose (#59); The Doctor by the Doobie Brothers (#62); Toy Soldiers by Martika (#69); Hey Baby by Henry Lee Summer (#83); Moonlight on Water by Kevin Raleigh (#85); Yo No Se by Pajama Party (#91); and So Alive by Love and Rockets (#94).

U.S.A. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Real Love--Jody Watley
2 Forever Your Girl--Paula Abdul
3 I'll Be There for You--Bon Jovi
4 Like a Prayer--Madonna
5 Rock On--Michael Damian
6 Soldier of Love--Donny Osmond
7 After All--Cher and Peter Cetera
8 Cult of Personality--Living Colour
9 Electric Youth--Debbie Gibson
10 Patience--Guns n' Roses

Singles entering the chart were The Doctor by the Doobie Brothers (#60); What You Don't Know by Expose (#65); Toy Soldiers by Martika (#73); Fire Woman by the Cult (#75); So Alive by Love and Rockets (#83); Once Bitten Twice Shy by Great White (#87); and Hey Baby by Henry Lee Summer (#90).

Died on this date
John Hicks, 85. U.K. economist. Sir John shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences with Kenneth Arrow "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory." His best-known book was Value and Capital (1939).

Gilda Radner, 42. U.S. comedienne. Miss Radner, anative of Detroit, joined the Second City troupe in Toronto in 1973 and was a member of the cast of the awful CBC children's comedy television program Dr. Zonk and the Zunkins (1974-1975) before returning to the United States, where she achieved stardom as a member of the cast of the NBC sketch comedy program Saturday Night Live from 1975-1980, winning an Emmy Award in 1978. She died of ovarian cancer.

World events
In response to the presence of at least one million protesters in Beijing and other cities in recent days, the government of China imposed martial law.

Horse racing
Sunday Silence, with Pat Valenzuela, won the 114th running of the Preakness Stakes at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore in a time of 1:53 4/5, edging Easy Goer by a nose in the closest Preakness in history.



Soccer
English FA Cup Final @ Wembley Stadium, London
Arsenal 3 Manchester United 2 (ET)

Ian Rush scored 2 goals in extra time for Arsenal as they broke a 1-1 tie and defeated Liverpool before 82,800 fans. Mr. Rush's second goal came 2 minutes after Stuart McCall scored his second goal to tie the score. Mr. McCall's first goal had tied the score in the last minute of regulation time.



25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Without You--Mariah Carey (7th week at #1)

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Western Conference Finals
Toronto 0 @ Vancouver 4 (Vancouver led best-of-seven series 2-1)

20 years ago
1999

Law
U.S. Vice President Al Gore cast the deciding vote to enable a Democrat-sponsored amendment to a crime bill to pass in the Senate by a vote of 51-50. The amendment closed some loopholes to a previous amendment requiring mandatory background checks for firearms purchased at gun shows. The Senate then voted on the bill, passing it 73-25. Other provisions banned the sale of semiautomatic weapons to people under 18; allowed youths as young as 14 to be charged as adults; forbade anyone convicted of a violent crime as a juvenile to own firearms; and authorized $5 billion to deal with juvenile crime problems. President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary met with students, teachers, and victims’ families in Littleton, Colorado, site of the massacre at Columbine High School a month earlier.

Abominations
The Supreme Court of Canada expanded sodomite/lesbian "spousal rights," striking down the definition of term "spouse" in Ontario law under which sodomites and lesbians were denied the right to sue for spousal support.

Politics and government
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled unanimously to open aboriginal band elections to off-reserve natives, stating that excluding them violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Baseball
New York Mets’ third baseman Robin Ventura became the first major league player to hit a grand slam in each game of a doubleheader, as the Mets swept the Milwaukee Brewers 11-10 and 10-1 before 19,542 fans at Shea Stadium in New York.

Derrek Lee singled home Cliff Floyd with 1 out in the bottom of the 14th inning to give the Florida Marlins a 4-3 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates before 11,473 fans at Pro Player Stadium in Miami. Brent Billingsley, the second of five Florida pitchers, made his major league debut, pitching 2/3 inning with a base on balls, but no runs.

The Houston Astros scored 2 runs in the top of the 10th inning to break a 2-2 tie as they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers 4-3 before 40,780 fans at Dodger Stadium. Pinch hitter Tripp Cromer hit a solo home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to send the game into extra innings, and Raul Mondesi hit a solo homer with 2 out in the bottom of the 10th.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Pierre Gamarra, 89. French writer. Mr. Gamarra was best known for his novels for youth. He was editor-in-chief of the literary magazine Europe from 1951-1974.

Arthur Erickson, 84. Canadian architect. Mr. Erickson, a native of Vancouver, was known for his modernist concrete works, such as the Simon Fraser University campus in Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Canadian embassy in Washington, D.C.

Crime
Michael Rafferty and Terri-Lyne McClintic were charged with the abduction and murder of eight-year-old Victoria "Tori" Stafford, who had gone missing six weeks earlier in Woodstock, Ontario, and whose body wasn't discovered until two months later.

Suspended National Football League quarterback Michael Vick was released after 19 months in prison for running a dogfighting ring.

Business
General Motors Canada announced that it would cut its sales network by 40 per cent, and started notifying 245 of its 709 dealers that their sales and service agreements would expire in October 2010.