August 8, 2021

190 years ago
1831

Diplomacy
In the Treaty of Wapakoneta, 400 Shawnee Indians agreed to relinquish their lands in Ohio in exchange for land west of the Mississippi River.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Adolf Busch. German-born musician and composer. Mr. Busch was a violinist and founder of the Busch Quartet. He was an early opponent of the Nazi Party, and left Germany for Switzerland, evenutally settling in the United States. His compositions included works for violin and for organ. Mr. Busch died on June 9, 1952 at the age of 60.

125 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. U.S. authoress and journalist. Mrs. Rawlings was born in Washington, D.C., and was a journalist with the Louisville Courier-Journal and Rochester (New York) Journal before moving to Cross Creek, Florida. She wrote about the area in novels such as The Yearling (1938) and Cross Creek (1942), the former of which was awarded the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and became a popular movie in 1946. Mrs. Rawlings died of a cerebral hemorrhage on December 14, 1953 at the age of 57.

120 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Ernest O. Lawrence. U.S. physicist. Dr. Lawrence was awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements." He worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II and became a leading advocate of "Big Science," involving big machines and laboratories, with big money from government. Dr. Lawrence was in Geneva in August 1958 to help negotiate a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the U.S.S.R. when his chronic ulcerative colitis made it impossible to continue; he was flown back to Stanford University, where he died on August 27, 19 days after his 57th birthday. The element lawrencium (atomic number 103) was named in his honour in 1961.

110 years ago
1911

Died on this date
William P. Frye, 80. U.S. politician. Mr. Frye, a Republican, sat in the Maine House of Representatives (1861-1862, 1867), and was the state's Attorney General (1867-1871). He represented Maine's 2nd District in the U.S. House of Representatives (1871-1881), and represented Maine in the U.S. Senate from 1881 until his death. Senator Frye supported American annexation of Hawaii and acquisition of the Philippines; he was appointed by President William McKinley to the peace commission it negotiated the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898.

100 years ago
1921

Born on this date
Webb Pierce. U.S. musician. Mr. Pierce was a guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the major figures of the "honky-tonk" style of country music from 1951 to the mid-1960s. He had 51 singles that reached the top 10 of the Billboard country chart, reaching #1 13 times. Mr. Pierce's biggest hit was In the Jailhouse Now, which spent 21 weeks at number one. He became known in later years for his lavish lifestyle, which reportedly included heavy drinking. Mr. Pierce died of pancreatic cancer on February 24, 1991 at the age of 69, 10 years before his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame.

William Asher. U.S. director and producer. Mr. Asher directed 12 movies, including five in the Beach Party series (1963-1965), but was best known for his work in television as director, and later producer. He directed numerous episodes of comedy series such as I Love Lucy (1952-1957) and Bewitched (1964-1972), the latter of which starred his then-wife Elizabeth Montgomery. Mr. Asher was nominated for four Emmy Awards, winning in 1966 for Bewitched. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on July 16, 2012 at the age of 90.

Esther Williams. U.S. swimmer and actress. Miss Williams set national swimming records in the late 1930s, and would have competed in the 1940 Summer Olympic Games if the games hadn't been cancelled because of World War II. She became an actress, often starring in movies with aquatic themes, such as Bathing Beauty (1944); Neptune's Daughter (1949); Million Dollar Mermaid (1952); and Dangerous When Wet (1953). Miss Williams was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1966, and died in her sleep on June 6, 2013 at the age of 91.

Died on this date
Juhani Aho, 59. Finnish author. Mr. Aho, born Johannes Brofeldt, wrote novels and short stories, and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 12 times, but never won.

Baseball
Walter Johnson (10-10) pitched a 10-hit complete game victory and batted 2 for 5 with a double and 2 runs batted in as the Washington Nationals routed the St. Louis Browns 16-5 before 2,500 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington. St. Louis second baseman Luke Stuart hit a 2-run inside-the-park home run off Mr. Johnson in the 9th inning in his first major league plate appearance, becoming the first American League player to accomplish the feat; it turned out to be his only major league homer.

Bill Wambsganss hit a home run in each game for the Cleveland Indians as they swept a doubleheader from the Philadelphia Athletics 4-3 and 7-6 in 13 innings at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. The Indians scored the winning run in the second game when Elmer Smith led off the 13th with a single and eventually scored on a sacrifice fly by Doc Johnston.

Bob Shawkey (11-8) pitched a 4-hitter, while Babe Ruth and Frank Baker hit home runs as the New York Yankees shut out the Chicago White Sox 7-0 in the first game of a doubleheader before 27,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. Mr. Ruth's homer was his 40th of the season. He added his 41st in the second game, which the White Sox won 5-4.

90 years ago
1931

Baseball
Bobby Burke (8-2) pitched a no-hitter for the Washington Nationals as they shut out the Boston Red Sox 5-0 before 5,000 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington.

Paul Waner doubled with 1 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 9th inning and scored from third base on a 2-out single by Earl Grace to give the Pittsburgh Pirates a 4-3 win over the Cincinnati Reds before 3,000 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.

The St. Louis Cardinals scored 7 runs in the 5th inning of a 14-7 win over the Chicago Cubs before 10,000 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. St. Louis second baseman Frankie Frisch batted 4 for 5 with 3 runs, 3 runs batted in, and a stolen base.

80 years ago
1941

War
German forces began a "final" offensive against the Russians. The German command claimed that the Soviet 6th and 12th Armies and parts of the 18th Army in Ukraine had been destroyed. British authorities in Beirut announced that General Henri Dentz and 35 French officers had been interned and would be held until British prisoners sent to France were released under the terms of the armistice.

Defense
Berlin press published a statement accusing the United States of employing "dollar imperialism," political threats, and aggression to obtain air, naval, and military bases in Latin America. U.S. Representative Daniel Reed (Republican--New York) denounced the Senate-approved draft extension bill as "evidence" that another American expeditionary force was being planned.

Diplomacy
Japanese cabinet spokesman Koh Ishii said in Tokyo that the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands East Indies, and China were attempting to encircle Japan. U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull said that Japan was in no danger of encirclement except by itself.

Labour
American Federation of Labor machinists went on strike at the Curtiss-Wright propeller plant near Caldwell, New Jersey.

Baseball
Paul Erickson gave up just a single by Bob Elliott in the 7th inning as he pitched the Chicago Cubs to a 1-0 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates before 5,846 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago for his first major league win. Johnny Lanning took the loss.

Babe Young hit a home run to lead off the bottom of the 11th inning to give the New York Giants a 3-2 win over the Philadelphia Phillies before 2,388 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. Bill Lohrman pitched a 6-hit complete game to win the pitchers' duel over Cy Blanton, who also went the distance, allowing 8 hits.

The Boston Red Sox scored 6 runs in each of the 1st and 7th innings as they beat the Washington Nationals 15-8 before 3,959 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Washington right fielder Buddy Lewis had 2 singles and 4 RBIs.

Taffy Wright drove in 6 runs with 2 home runs and a double, Bob Kennedy had 3 hits and 4 RBIs, and pinch hitter George Dickey hit a 3-run homer as the Chicago White Sox routed the St. Louis Browns 16-2 before just 541 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis.

75 years ago
1946

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. rejected Greek charges that Albania was holding Greek territory in northern Epirus as irrelevant to the question of Albania's admission to the United Nations.

Defense
The first flight of the prototype of the U.S. bomber Convair B-36 took place. It was the world's first mass-produced nuclear weapon delivery vehicle, the heaviest mass-produced piston-engined aircraft, with the longest wingspan of any military aircraft, and the first bomber with intercontinental range.

Politics and government
Arab Higher Commission leader Jamal el Husseini rejected the British Palestine federalization proposal and refused to attend a conference to be held in London on the Palestine problem.

Medicine
Temple University Medical School announced the development of the electrokymograph by Dr. Bert Boone, allowing doctors to detect heart disease in early stages by photographing heart motion.

Economics and finance
In retaliation to a U.S. order halting reparations deliveries to the U.S.S.R. from western Germany, Soviet authorities announced that they would seize and operate 200 key industries in their own occupation zone of Germany.

U.S. President Harry Truman signed a bill extending the life of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation through June 1947.

70 years ago
1951

On the radio
Pete Kelly's Blues, starring Jack Webb, on NBC

War
A 130-year-old border dispute between Ecuador and Peru flared up again as Ecuador reported Peruvian attacks on its frontier garrisons in the Zumba district.

Politics and government
The French National Assemlby gave former Prime Minister Rene Pleven a vote of confidence after he agreed to form a centrist coalition cabinet.

Economics and finance
United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency head J. Donald Kingsley estimated war damage in Korea at $2 billion and said that the country's economy would have to be rebuilt "almost from scratch" after the war.

U.S. Economic Stabilization Agency director Eric Johnston predicted that living costs would rise 5%-8% within 12 months as a result of weaknesses in the new economic controls law.

U.S. President Harry Truman allocated an additional $3.5 million to flood-stricken Kansas for emergency relief, raising the total amount sent to the Midwest flood area to $7.8 million.

Baseball
Gil Hodges, Duke Snider, and Carl Furillo hit home runs for the Brooklyn Dodgers as they beat the New York Giants 7-2 in the first game of a doubleheader before 27,004 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. With 2 out in the bottom of the 10th inning of the second game, Andy Pafko, Roy Campanella, and Gil Hodges singled to load the bases, and Billy Cox singled home Mr. Pafko to give the Dodgers a 7-6 win to complete the sweep, taking an 11½-game lead over the second-place Giants in the National League. Messrs. Furillo and Snider also homered in the second game.

Eddie Waitkus tripled home Putsy Caballero and Eddie Pellagrini with 2 out in the bottom of the 8th inning to enable the Philadelphia Phillies to defeat the Boston Braves 3-2 before 12,759 fans at Shibe Park in Philadelphia.

The Cincinnati Reds scored 4 runs in the to of the 2nd inning and withstood a 4-run 8th inning rally to defeat the Chicago Cubs 7-5 in the first game of a doubleheader before 14,829 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Gene Hermanski drove in 4 Chicago runs, hitting a 3-run home run in the 8th. Virgil Stallcup's 3-run homer climaxed a 4-run 4th for the Reds as they withstood a 2-run 8th inning rally and won the second game 4-3 to complete the sweep.

Gus Bell batted 3 for 5 with a home run, triple, 2 runs, and 3 runs batted in to help the Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the St. Louis Cardinals 10-7 before fans at 7,482 fans at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis. St. Louis left fielder Stan Musial was 3 for 5 with a home run and 4 RBIs.

Pinch hitter Bud Souchock doubled home Jerry Priddy with the tying run, advanced to third base on a sacrifice bunt by Johnny Lipon, and scored on a single by George Kell with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning to give the Detroit Tigers a 6-5 win over the Chicago White Sox before 3,765 fans at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. Mr. Priddy had tripled to lead off the inning, after the White Sox had scored a run in the top of the inning to take a 5-4 lead. Losing pitcher Saul Rogovin (7-7) allowed 17 hits and 6 earned runs in 10.1 innings.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Hello Mary Lou/Travelin' Man--Ricky Nelson (5th week at #1)

Football
AFL-CFL Pre-season
Buffalo Bills (AFL) (0-1) 21 @ Hamilton Tiger-Cats (CFL) (2-2) 38

12,000 attended the game at Civic Stadium.

50 years ago
1971

Died on this date
Henry D. "Homer" Haynes, 51. U.S. comedian and musician. Mr. Haynes, a country and jazz guitarist, performed with Kenneth "Jethro" Burns as the country music comedy duo Homer and Jethro from 1936 until Mr. Haynes' death from a heart attack, 11 days after his 51st birthday. The duo recorded more than 50 albums, and won a Grammy Award in 1959 for Best Comedy Performance – Musical for The Battle of Kookamonga, a spoof of Johnny Horton's hit The Battle of New Orleans. They were inducted as a duo into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2001.

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Enola Gay--OMD (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Only Crying--Keith Marshall (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: The Streets of New York--Wolfe Tones (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Green Door--Shakin' Stevens

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Green Door--Shakin' Stevens (2nd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 One Day in Your Life--Michael Jackson (3rd week at #1)
2 Caribbean Disco Show--Lobo
3 Rio--Maywood
4 More Stars--Stars on 45
5 Going Back to My Roots--Odyssey
6 De Nederlandse Sterre Die Strale Overal!--Rubberen Robbie
7 A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)--Ray Parker, Jr. & Raydio
8 No Me Hables--Juan Pardo
9 Wordy Rappinghood--Tom Tom Club
10 Chequered Love--Kim Wilde

Singles entering the chart were Hands Up (Give Me Your Heart) by Ottawan (#26); Happy Birthday by Stevie Wonder (#30); Who Let the Heartache In by Patricia Paay (#31); Tingalingaling by Luv' (#32); Pull Up to the Bumper by Grace Jones (#35); Zeeman by Ciska Peters (#36); and 'k Zal Je Heb by Benny Neyman (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield (2nd week at #1)
2 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie 3 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
4 I Don't Need You--Kenny Rogers
5 Elvira--The Oak Ridge Boys
6 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
7 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer
8 Hearts--Marty Balin
9 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
10 The One that You Love--Air Supply

Singles entering the chart were The Voice by the Moody Blues (#56); Draw of the Cards by Kim Carnes (#72); Super Freak (Part I) by Rick James (#74); Straight from the Heart by the Allman Brothers Band (#79); In Your Letter by REO Speedwagon (#82); A Heart in New York by Art Garfunkel (#83); Falling in Love Again by Michael Stanley Band (#84); It's Just the Sun by Don McLean (#85); Just Like Paradise by Larry John McNally (#86); Dedicated to the One I Love by Bernadette Peters (#87); Shake it Up Tonight by Cheryl Lynn (#88); Hold Tight by Change (#89); and The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore by Nielsen/Pearson (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Theme from "Greatest American Hero"--Joey Scarbury
2 Elvira--Oak Ridge Boys
3 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
4 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
5 I Don't Need You--Kenny Rogers
6 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie
7 The One That You Love—Air Supply
8 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer
9 Hearts--Marty Balin
10 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton

Singles entering the chart were The Voice by the Moody Blues (#62); Draw of the Cards by Kim Carnes (#72); Super Freak (Part I) by Rick James (#80); In Your Letter by REO Speedwagon (#82); Falling in Love Again by Michael Stanley Band (#83); The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore by Nielsen/Pearson (#84); A Heart in New York by Art Garfunkel (#85); Shake it Up Tonight by Cheryl Lynn (#86); Dedicated to the One I Love by Bernadette Peters (#87); We Can Get Together by Icehouse (#89); Teardrops by George Harrison (#90); and Just Be My Lady by Larry Graham (#97).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield (2nd week at #1)
2 Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe it or Not)--Joey Scarbury
3 The One that You Love--Air Supply
4 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
5 I Don't Need You--Kenny Rogers
6 Queen of Hearts--Juice Newton
7 Elvira--The Oak Ridge Boys
8 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer
9 Endless Love--Diana Ross and Lionel Richie
10 Bette Davis Eyes--Kim Carnes

Singles entering the chart were The Voice by the Moody Blues (#49); Super Freak (Part I) by Rick James (#77); Draw of the Cards by Kim Carnes (#78); Burnin' for You Blue by Blue Oyster Cult (#88); and In Your Letter by REO Speedwagon (#89).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Boy from New York City--The Manhattan Transfer
2 A Life of Illusion--Joe Walsh
3 Jessie's Girl--Rick Springfield
4 Slow Hand--Pointer Sisters
5 In the Air Tonight--Phil Collins
6 Gemini Dream--The Moody Blues
7 Hearts--Marty Balin
8 The Stroke--Billy Squier
9 Fire and Ice--Pat Benatar
10 The One that You Love--Air Supply

Singles entering the chart were Nothing Goes as Planned by Styx (#24); and A Woman in Love (It's Not Me) by Tom Petty (#28).

Died on this date
Thomas McElwee, 23. U.K. terrorist. Mr. McElwee was an independent Northern Irish republican who was sentenced to 20 years in prison for manslaughter after a woman was killed during a bombing attack in Ballymena. He was one of the convicted terrorists who participated in a hunger strike, dying after 62 days.

Football
CFL
Calgary (2-3) 16 @ Hamilton (4-2) 28
Montreal (1-5) 2 @ Winnipeg (4-1) 58

Baseball
Intercontinental Cup @ Renfrew Park, Edmonton
Canada (2-1) 6 @ Australia (0-3) 0
U.S.A. (2-0) 10 @ Dominican Republic (2-1) 5
Panama (0-3) 8 @ South Korea (1-1) 13
Cuba (2-0) 10 @ Japan (1-1) 8

The game between South Korea and Panama was played at South Side Industrial Park. Japan scored 5 runs in the bottom of the 9th inning against veteran Cuban ace and winning pitcher Braudilio Vinent, who gave up all 8 Japanese runs.

30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (6th week at #1)

Died on this date
James Irwin, 61. U.S. astronaut. Colonel Irwin was a pilot with the United States Air Force when he was selected to join the fifth group of NASA astronauts in 1966. He was the Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 15 in 1971, and was the eighth man to walk on the Moon. Col. Irwin showed signs of a heart condition during the mission, and suffered a heart attack several months later. He retired from the USAF and the astronaut corps a year after Apollo 15, and became a prominent Christian spokesman, fond of saying, "Jesus walking on the earth is more important than man walking on the moon." Col. Irwin went to be with his Lord and Saviour after another heart attack, becoming the first of the men who walked on the Moon to die.

Julissa Gomez, 18. U.S. gymnast. Miss Gomez was a prospect for the United States Olympic team in 1988 when she broke her neck in a vaulting accident at the World Sports Fair in Tokyo, leaving her a quadriplegic. She became disconnected from her ventilator in a Tokyo hospital, suffering severe brain damage and catatonia, from which she never recovered.

Terrorism
British hostage John McCarthy was freed after almost five years in captivity in Lebanon.

Business
Ron Joyce sold Tim Hortons, Canada's biggest doughnut chain, to Wendy's International Inc.; the $300-million deal made the Tim Hortons co-founder the U.S. burger giant's largest single shareholder.

Disasters
The Warsaw Radio Mast, the tallest structure in the world at the time of its construction in 1974, collapsed. There were no fatalities, and adjacent buildings were undamaged.

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (2-3) 31 @ Ottawa (1-4) 41

The Rough Riders' win over the Blue Bombers before 23,414 fans at Lansdowne Park was their first under Joe Faragalli, in his first game as head coach since replacing the fired Steve Goldman. Winnipeg slotback Perry Tuttle caught 11 passes for 180 yards and 2 touchdowns.



British Columbia (3-2) 30 @ Calgary (5-0) 34 (OT)

Andy McVey rushed 14 yards in overtime for his second touchdown of the game to give the Stampeders their win over the Lions before 31,159 fans at McMahon Stadium.

25 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (6th week at #1)

Died on this date
Nevill Mott, 90. U.K. physicist. Sir Nevill shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics with Philip Anderson and John Van Vleck of the United States "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems."

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien named former Prime Minister Kim Campbell as Canadian consul general in Los Angeles. Mr. Chrétien also named Senator Jean-Louis Roux as Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.

Economics and finance
The Canadian government granted approval to Canada's first diamond mine; the billion dollar mega-project by BHP Diamonds and Dia Met Minerals was 300 kilometres north of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.

Disasters
Nearly 100 vacationers died when a mudslide swept through a crowded campsite in the mountains of northern Spain.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (4-3) 21 @ Toronto (6-1) 24

Mike Vanderjagt kicked a 38-yard field goal with 1:01 remaining in regulation time to give the Argonauts their win over the Eskimos before 20,030 fans at SkyDome. Toronto receiver Jimmy "The Jet" Cunningham amassed 242 yards in receiving and kick returns. Edmonton quarterback Danny McManus completed 21 of 35 passes for 274 yards and touchdowns of 9 yards to Eddie Brown and 56 yards to Shalon Baker. Linebacker Willie Pless rushed 1 yard for the other Edmonton touchdown, all of which were converted by Sean Fleming.



20 years ago
2001

Divorced on this date
Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. The U.S. actor and Australian actress became legally divorced hours after separately attending screenings of her new movie, The Others.

Baseball
Nate Cornejo of the Detroit Tigers and Joaquin Benoit of the Texas Rangers made their major league debuts starting against each other before 30,016 fans at the Ballpark in Arlington, Texas, but neither pitcher got a decision. The Tigers scored 13 runs in the top of the 9th inning to break a 6-6 tie and win 19-6. Damion Easley led the Tigers with 6 hits, including 2 in the 9th. Mr. Cornejo allowed 9 hits and 6 runs--all earned--in 3 innings, striking out 3 batters, walking 1, and hitting 1. Mr. Benoit allowed 8 hits and 6 runs--all earned--in 5 innings, striking out 4 batters and walking 3.

The New York Yankees scored 7 runs in the top of the 8th inning of a 16-1 rout of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays before 18,830 fans at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg.

The Cleveland Indians scored 6 runs in the top of the 10th inning to break a 2-2 tie as they beat the Minnesota Twins 8-2 before 38,444 fans at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis.

Magglio Ordonez batted 3 for 6 with 2 home runs and 4 runs batted in to help the Chicago White Sox rout the Anaheim Angels 15-1 before 18,864 fans at Edison International Field of Anaheim.

Geoff Blum led off the bottom of the 11th inning with a double and Michael Barrett followed with a double to score Mr. Blum, giving the Montreal Expos a 6-5 win over the St. Louis Cardinals before 6,611 fans at Olympic Stadium in Montreal.

10 years ago
2011

Died on this date
Lamont Tilden, 98. Canadian broadcaster. Mr. Tilden, a native of rural Ontario, was an announcer and actor at Hamilton radio station CKOC in the 1930s before being hired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and moving to CBM in Montreal, where he worked from 1939-1951, eventually becoming supervisor of English-language announcers. Mr. Tilden moved to Toronto in 1951, reading the national news on radio and eventually on television. He also narrated documentary films.

January 24, 2021

1,980 years ago
41

Died on this date
Caligula (Caius Caesar), 28. Roman Emperor, 37-41. A nut case who made his horse a priest and consul and attempted to erect a statue of himself in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, Caligula was assassinated by a tribune of the Praetorian Guard and replaced by Claudius I.

370 years ago
1651

War
Spanish and Mapuche authorities met at the Parliament of Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín in 1641 and 1647 in attempts to end the Arauco War in Chile.

310 years ago
1711

Music
George Frideric Handel's opera Rinaldo premiered at Queen's Theatre in London's Haymarket.

130 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Walter Model. German military officer. Generalfeldmarschall Model was known as the Third Reich's best defensive commander, achieving relative success with the Ninth Army in the eastern Front retreats of 1941-1942. His forces experienced failure during the Battle of Bulge (1944-1945), and Fuehrer Adolf Hitler then limited Generalfeldmarschall Model's operational freedom. In early April 1945, with his forces surrounded in the Ruhr pocket by the U.S. 1st and 9th Armies, Generalfeldmarschall Model disobeyed Mr. Hitler's order to keep fighting, and dissolved Army Group B, discharging the oldest and youngest soldiers from service and giving the others the option of surrendering to the Allies or attempting to break out at their discretion. Generalfeldmarschall Model committed suicide at the age of 54 on April 21, 1945 by shooting himself in the head in a forest, after finding out that the Soviets were going to try him for war crimes, and the day after he was denounced by the German Propaganda Ministry as a traitor.

80 years ago
1941

Music
Philadelphia Orchestra director Leopold Stokowski announced that he would train an 85-piece U.S. Army band in California in an experiment to develop more "typically American music," and "modernize" Army bands.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt broke diplomatic precedent when he welcomed Viscount Halifax, the new British Ambassador to the United States, when he arrived aboard the new battleship King George V in Chesapeake Bay.

Politics and government
Vichy French Prime Minister Marshal Philippe Petain created a 188-man advisory National Council.

Argentine Foreign Minister Julio Roca tendered his resignation to acting President Ramon Castillo.

Protest
Romanian President Ion Antonescu blamed Vice President Horia Sima, chief of the Iron Guard, for the four-day revolt in Romania, and said that the German army had lend "moral support" in crushing the rebellion.

Labour
U.S. Labor Secretary Frances Perkins reported the largest employment increase in 11 years, bringing the total number of workers to 37.1 million in December 1940.

75 years ago
1946

Movies
The New York State Board of Censors lifted its ban on Scarlet Street (1945) after reviewing the film and persuading producer Walter Wanger to revise and delete some portions.

War
At the trial of accused Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, the French prosecution charged that at least 29,660 French hostages had been executed by the Nazis during World War II. The first war crimes trial in China held by Americans began with 18 Japanese charged with the torture and execution of U.S. airmen.

Defense
The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff announced that airborne atomic bomb tests against warships would be held in May and July at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

General Carl Spaatz was named head of the United States Army Air Forces by President Harry Truman, and called for a peacetime air force of 400,000 men and 6,000 planes.

Politics and government
National Democratic Front leader Julio Ernesto Portugal headed a new Peruvian government which, for the first time, included three members of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA).

Diplomacy
The U.S. State Department reported that Siam had agreed to respect treaties made with the United States before World War II.

Energy
The United Nations General Assembly passed its first resolution, establishing the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.

Economics and finance
The United Kingdom and Greece signed an agreement giving Greece a £10-million loan to stabilize the drachma, and £500,000 in direct assistance.

Allied headquarters in Japan ordered the Japanese government to cease deficit financing or printing additional banknotes, and directed the government to try to balance the budget.

Labour
U.S. President Harry Truman ordered the Agriculture Department to seize and operate 134 plants of 17 meat packing companies at midnight January 25 if striking workers did not resume their jobs by then.

70 years ago
1951

At the movies
Tokyo File 212, written and directed Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan, and starring Florence Marly and Robert Peyton, opened in theatres in Japan.



Television
The Emmy Awards for 1950 were presented at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. It was the third and last year in which the awards were primarily for shows produced or broadcast in the Los Angeles area. Winners included: Dramatic Show--Pulitzer Prize Playhouse (KECA); Actor--Alan Young; Actress--Gertrude Berg; Outstanding Personality--Groucho Marx (KNBH).

Diplomacy
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, in a broadcast from New Delhi, blamed both sides for the current Korean War impasse, and criticized the United States for continuing to keep Communist China out of the United Nations and for advancing beyond the 38th Parallel in October 1950.

Politics and government
Dutch Prime Minister Willem Drees' coalition cabinet resigned in a dispute over Indonesian policy. Foreign Minister Dirk Stikker quit when his own Liberal Party criticized him for offering to share administration of West New Guinea with Indonesia.

Education
Governor James Byrnes assured the South Carolina legislature that the state's public schools would continue to be segregated despite the demands of "Negro agitators" and Washington "politicians."

Medicine
Dr. Gregory Schwartzman, writing in Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology amd Medicine, reported tests which revealed that the adrenal gland hormone cortisone increased susceptibility to polio.

Economics and finance
The American Iron and Steel Institute predicted that annual capacity of the U.S. steel industry would be expanded by 17.5 million tons during the next two years from its present 104,229,650-ton yearly level.

Disasters
A race of 20 yachts celebrating the centenary of Canterbury, New Zealand turned tragic when a severe southerly storm struck, resulting in the loss of the yachts Husky and Argo, and their 10 crew members.

60 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Seemann--Lolita (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, hosted by John Newland, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Sacred Mushroom

This episode was a documentary about the use of psychedelic drugs.



Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: A Crime for Mothers, starring Claire Trevor and Biff Elliot

Thriller, hosted by Boris Karloff, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Choose a Victim, starring Larry Blyden, Susan Oliver, and Vaughn Taylor



Died on this date
A.C. Gilbert, 76. U.S. athlete and businessman. Alfred Carlton Gilbert set a world record for consecutive chin-ups (39) in 1900, set two world records in pole vault, and shared the gold medal in the pole vault at the 1908 Olympic Games in London. He had a medical degree, but in 1907 founded the company that became the A. C. Gilbert Company, manufacturing erector sets, more than 30 million of which were sold by 1935. Mr. Gilbert became known as "the man who saved Christmas" in 1918 when he successfully argued against a proposed U.S. government ban on toy production during World War I. He branched out in to educational toys, accumulating more than 130 patents, and co-founding the Toy Association. In 1941, Mr. Gilbert opened the Gilbert Hall of Science in New York City, promoting interest in science and his products. In 1950, the Gilbert Hall of Science produced its most notorious toy, the Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Laboratory, which contained radioactive material. Mr. Gilbert turned his company over to his son in 1954; it was sold to film and television producer Jack Wrather in 1961, and went out of business six years later.

Divorced on this date
Marilyn Monroe. U.S. actress; Arthur Miller. U.S. playwright. The divorce, after a marriage of less than five years, took place in Mexico, shortly before The Misfits--a movie written by Mr. Miller and starring Miss Monroe--was about to be released in theatres.

Disasters
A Boeing B-52 Stratofortress carrying two 3–4-megaton Mark 39 nuclear bombs broke up in mid-air, dropping its nuclear payload near Goldsboro, North Carolina. Five crewmen successfully ejected and landed safely, another ejected but didn't survive the landing, and two more died in the crash of the plane. One bomb came close to detonating, and was found upright as a result of its parachute being caught in a tree. The other plunged into a muddy field at about 700 miles per hour and disintegrated without detonating; parts of that bomb were recovered, but much of it remains where it landed.

50 years ago
1971

Died on this date
Bill Wilson, 75. U.S. social reformer. Mr. Wilson, better known as Bill W., was a drunkard who co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous with Bob Smith in 1935. Mr. Wilson and AA were enormously influential in changing the view of drunkenness from a sin to an illness. John Lanagan, in his blog The Word Like Fire, provides much useful information on the occult roots of AA. Mr. Wilson practiced necromancy and was a heavy smoker who died of emphysema complicated by pneumonia.

War
For the fifth time since January 1966, South Vietnam released Communist prisoners of war. 37 sick or disabled captives were freed, bringing the total to 231.

Environment
Panarctic Oils capped a natural gas well on King Christian Island in the Northwest Territories that had burned out of control for three months.

Football
NFL
Pro Bowl @ Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
NFC 27 AFC 6

40 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Anna Dai Capelli Rossi--I Ragazzi Dai Capelli Rossi (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Santa Maria--Roland Kaiser (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Imagine--John Lennon (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Imagine--John Lennon (3rd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Lola (Live)--The Kinks (3rd week at #1)
2 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
3 Runaway Boys--Stray Cats
4 Funkin' for Jamaica (N.Y.)--Tom Browne
5 Baggy Trousers--Madness
6 Mama He's a Soldier Now--Saskia & Serge
7 Santa Maria--Roland Kaiser
8 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon
9 Stop the Cavalry--Jona Lewie
10 Een barg die hé un krul in de steert--De Aal

Singles entering the chart were Stars on 45 by Stars on 45 (#25); Flip Fluitketel/Er Staat Een Paard In De Gang by André Van Duin (#27); Ik Wil Op M'n Kop Een Kamerbreed Tapijt by Barry Hughes & De Kwaffeurs (#29); Net as Gisteren by Normaal (#34); Midnight Cowboy by John Barry (#38); and Fred Astaire by Mo (#39). Stars on 45 was a medley of Venus; Sugar, Sugar; and eight Beatles' songs, and was the first of what fortunately was a short-lived fad; it was the worst single of its time. Midnight Cowboy was the title theme of the movie, and had been released in North America in 1969.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (5th week at #1)
2 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
3 The Tide is High--Blondie
4 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)
5 Hungry Heart--Bruce Springsteen
6 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
7 Passion--Rod Stewart
8 I Love a Rainy Night--Eddie Rabbitt
9 It's My Turn--Diana Ross
10 De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da--The Police

Singles entering the chart were The Best of Times by Styx (#31); Crying by Don McLean (#37); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#65); Kiss on My List by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#69); Too Tight by ConFunkShun (#75); Precious to Me by Phil Seymour (#78); Staying with It by Firefall (#81); Living in a Fantasy by Leo Sayer (#85); I Don't Want to Know Your Name by Glen Campbell (#87); Wynken, Blynken and Nod by the Doobie Brothers (#88); Seasons by Charles Fox (#89); and Lipstick by Suzi Quatro (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (5th week at #1)
2 The Tide is High--Blondie
3 Lady--Kenny Rogers
4 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
5 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
6 Hungry Heart--Bruce Springsteen
7 Passion--Rod Stewart
8 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)
9 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
10 Hit Me with Your Best Shot--Pat Benatar

Singles entering the chart were The Best of Times by Styx (#31); Crying by Don McLean (#43); Kiss on My List by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#73); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#74); Guitar Man by Elvis Presley (#79); Living in a Fantasy by Leo Sayer (#85); Too Tight by ConFunkShun (#86); I Don't Want to Know Your Name by Glen Campbell (#87); Staying with It by Firefall (#88); Fly Away by Peter Allen (#90); Remote Control by the Reddings (#96); and Look Up by Patrice Rushen (#98). Guitar Man was a new recording of the song that had been a hit for Mr. Presley in 1968, using the original vocal track and a new instrumental track.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (4th week at #1)
2 The Tide is High--Blondie
3 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
4 Another One Bites the Dust--Queen
5 Hit Me with Your Best Shot--Pat Benatar
6 Passion--Rod Stewart
7 More than I Can Say--Leo Sayer
8 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)
9 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
10 I Made it Through the Rain--Barry Manilow

Singles entering the chart were The Best of Times by Styx (#33); Crying by Don McLean (#36); Kiss on My List by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#74); Flash's Theme aka Flash by Queen (#79); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#84); Living in a Fantasy by Leo Sayer (#87); I Just Love the Man by the Jones Girls (#98); and Staying with It by Firefall (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (4th week at #1)
2 Lady--Kenny Rogers
3 Woman in Love--Barbra Streisand
4 Don't Stand So Close to Me--The Police
5 Wasn't That a Party--The Rovers
6 The Tide is High--Blondie
7 Turning Japanese--The Vapors
8 More than I Can Say--Leo Sayer
9 Hungry Heart--Bruce Springsteen
10 Another One Bites the Dust--Queen

Singles entering the chart were Hey Nineteen by Steely Dan (#29); Turn Me Loose by Loverboy (#34); Looking for Clues by Robert Palmer (#39); He Can't Love You by the Michael Stanley Band (#40); Keep on Loving You by REO Speedwagon (#41); Fashion Victim by Rough Trade (#45); Turn and Walk Away by the Babys (#47); and Giving it Up for Your Love by Delbert McClinton (#50).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (5th week at #1)
2 Passion--Rod Stewart
3 Switchin' to Glide--The Kings
4 The Tide is High--Blondie
5 Tell it Like it Is--Heart
6 De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da--The Police
7 Looking for Clues--Robert Palmer
8 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
9 Whip It--Devo
10 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)

Singles entering the chart were Games People Play by the Alan Parsons Project (#28); and The Winner Takes it All by ABBA (#30).

World events
South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan lifted martial law in his country after 456 days of total or partial military authority dating back to the 1979 assassination of President Park Chung Hee. The midnight-4 A.M. curfew that had been in place since 1945 remained in effect. President Chun also commuted the death sentence of opposition politician Kim Dae Jung to life imprisonment. The moves were among a series of actions made by Mr. Chun prior to a trip to Washington in February to meet with U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Protest
Millions of Polish workers obeyed the call of the trade union movement Solidarity to take the day off.

Business
Seven major Japanese commercial banks wrote off a large portion of their claims against Chrysler Corporation. Chrysler had requested an 85% writeoff on the $156 million that it had borrowed from the banks, as a condition laid down by the U.S. Federal Loan Guarantee Board when it approved Chrysler’s application for extra loan guarantees totalling $400 million. The Japanese banks felt that they had no alternative, since Chrysler had to be rescued financially.

Grumman Corporation notified officials in 27 U.S. cities that it had found a flaw in its Flxible buses that might cause the driver to lose control of the bus. Grumman said that the buses should be inspected and taken out of service if necessary, with Grumman paying to repair the defect. A total of 2,600 Flxible buses had been purchased.

Hockey
NHL
Quebec 4 @ New York Islanders 7
Philadelphia 3 @ Montreal 6
Hartford 4 @ Toronto 7

Mike Bossy scored his 49th goal of the season on a powerplay with 4:10 remaining in the game to break a 4-4 tie, and added his 50th with 1:29 remaining as the Islanders defeated the Nordiques at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale. Mr. Bossy's goals came in his and the Islanders' 50th game of the season, matching the achievement of Rocket Richard of the Montreal Canadiens, who scored 50 goals in a 50-game season in 1944-45. Anders Kallur also scored twice for the Islanders, while Jacques Richard scored the first 2 Quebec goals.

Mario Tremblay scored 3 goals for the Canadiens in their win over the Flyers at the Montreal Forum in the national Hockey Night in Canada telecast.

Darryl Sittler scored 4 goals to lead the Maple Leafs over the Whalers at Maple Leaf Gardens in the southern Ontario Hockey Night in Canada telecast.



30 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Do the Bartman--The Simpsons

Died on this date
Jack Schaefer, 83. U.S. author. Mr. Schaefer was known for his Western novels, especially Shane (1949) and Monte Walsh (1963).

John M. Kelly, 59. Irish politician. Professor Kelly, a law professor and member of the Fine Gael party, held several cabinet posts in a parliamentary career running from 1973-1989.

War
Canadian warplanes completed their first combat mission of the Gulf War, escorting U.S. fighter bombers over Iraq. Allied forces were able to retake a small Kuwaiti island, the first piece of territory freed from Iraqi occupation. Allied combat missions totalled 8,000, with Allied military casualties--dead and missing--reported at 30.

Health
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control announced that 161,073 people had contracted AIDS in the United States, and that 100,077 had died.

25 years ago
1996

Scandal
Polish Prime Minister Józef Oleksy resigned amid allegations of a close connection with Vladimir Alganov, an official with the Soviet KGB secret police.

Hockey
NHL
Pittsburgh 4 @ Ottawa 3

The game was the first for Jacques Martin as head coach of the Senators; he joined the team that day from the Colorado Avalanche, where he had been an assistant coach. Mr. Martin replaced Dave Allison, who had posted a record of 8-35-1 as head coach of the Senators in 1995-96.

20 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Dick Whittinghill, 87. U.S. singer and disc jockey. Mr. Whittinghill was an original member of the Pied Pipers singing group in the late 1930s and early '40s. He was the morning disc jockey at KMPC in Los Angeles from 1950-1980, and later hosted a recorded Sunday program on the station. He subsequently worked as the late afternoon DJ on Los Angeles station KPRZ.

Politics and government
The United States Senate approved two more of President George W. Bush's cabinet nominees: Tommy Thompson--Secretary of Health and Human Services; Norman Mineta--Secretary of Transportation.

U.K. Secretary for Northern Ireland Peter Mandelson resigned from the cabinet of Prime Minister Tony Blair over a dispute concerning a passport application from Indian billionaire Srichand Hinduja. A subsequent inquiry cleared Mr. Mandelson of any wrongdoing.

10 years ago
2011

Terrorism
At least 37 people were killed and 173 injured in a suicide bombing at Moscow's Domodedovo International Airport. The bomber was a 20-year-old from the North Caucasus, with the attack aimed "first and foremost" at foreign citizens.

Crime
Jared Lee Loughner pleaded not guilty in Phoenix to federal charges that he'd tried to kill U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords and two of her aides in a shooting rampage in Tucson on January 8 that had claimed six lives.

Politics and government
Dave Taylor, Member of the Alberta Legislative Assembly for Calgary-Currie, announced that he was joining the Alberta Party, becoming the party's first MLA. He was elected in 2004 as a Liberal, but left the party in April 2010 as a result of discontent with the party's leadership under David Swann, and sat as an independent until joining the Alberta Party.

November 26, 2020

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Joyce Malombe!

125 years ago
1895

Born on this date
Bill Wilson. U.S. social reformer. Mr. Wilson, better known as Bill W., was a drunkard who co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous with Bob Smith in 1935. Mr. Wilson and AA were enormously influential in changing the view of drunkenness from a sin to an illness. John Lanagan, in his blog The Word Like Fire, provides much useful information on the occult roots of AA. Mr. Wilson practiced necromancy and was a heavy smoker who died of emphysema complicated by pneumonia on January 24, 1971 at the age of 75.

110 years ago
1910

Born on this date
Cyril Cusack. S.A.-born Irish actor. Mr. Cusack appeared in numerous plays, films, and television programs in a career spanning more than 70 years. He died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on October 7, 1993 at the age of 82.

Football
CRU
Grey Cup @ Cricket Grounds, Hamilton
University of Toronto 16 Hamilton Tigers 7

Reddy Dixon scored a touchdown and 2 singles, while Jack Maynard scored a touchdown, convert, and single to lead the Varsity Blues to their second straight Grey Cup victory. Hugh Gall punted for 2 singles to complete the University of Toronto scoring. Kid Smith kicked a field goal and single for the Tigers, and Ben Simpson added 3 singles. It was the only game as Hamilton head coach for Seppi DuMoulin, who had played for the Tigers from 1894-1906 before moving west to Moose Jaw to pursue a banking career. The Tigers in 1910 had been led by captain Bob Isbister, and had hired Mr. DuMoulin, assisted by Chaucer Elliott of the Toronto Argonauts, to coach them in the Grey Cup game. Attendance was listed as 12,000, but this probably included several thousand fans who had come from Toronto and had crashed the fences. Postgame celebrations by the Toronto fans became so boisterous that the Hamilton police had to call for order.

NCAA
Navy 3 Army 0 @ Franklin Field, Philadelphia

100 years ago
1920

Born on this date
Daniel Petrie. Canadian-born U.S. film director. Mr. Petrie, a native of Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Mr. Petrie, a native of Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had a career spanning more than 40 years and was best known for directing the movie A Raisin in the Sun (1961). He died on August 22, 2004 at the age of 83.

Died on this date
Eddie O'Donnell, 33. U.S. auto racing driver. Mr. O'Donnell participated in 36 races in the American Automobile Association Championship Series (1914-1916, 1919-1920), with three victories, all in 1915. He finished 5th in the 1915 Indianapolis 500 and 4th in the championship standings. Mr. O'Donnell died the day after being injured in a crash with Gaston Chevrolet on lap 146 of the 200-lap Thanksgiving Day race at Los Angeles Motor Speedway in Beverly Hills; Mr. Chevrolet and Mr. O'Donnell's riding mechanics had been killed instantly in the crash.

90 years ago
1930

Died on this date
Ponnambalam Ramanathan, 79. Ceylonese politician. Sir Ponnambalam was a lawyer who was an unofficial member (1879-1892, 1911-1924) and an official member (1924-1930) of the Legislative Council of Ceylon and Solicitor-General of Ceylon (1892-1906).

80 years ago
1940

Died on this date
Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere, 72. U.K. newspaper magnate. Lord Rothermere and his brother Alfred, Lord Northcliffe, developed the Daily Mail and Daily Mirror, among other papers. Lord Rothermere was known for his support of the German Nazi regime.

Allan A. Ryan, 60. U.S. financier. Mr. Ryan cornered the stock of Stutz Motor Company in 1920, and went bankrupt as a result.

Divorced on this date
Actress Elaine Barrie divorced actor John Barrymore in Los Angeles on ground of cruelty.

War
Pierre Ryckmans, Governor-General of the Belgian Congo, announced that Italy had committed hostile acts against the Congo, and that he considered the Congo at war against Italy.

Abominations
Members of the Romanian Iron Guard massacred 64 political prisoners at Jilava Penitentiary, near Bucharest.

Diplomacy
Japanese Ambassador-designate to the United States Admiral Kichisaburo Nomura said, "the fate of the world hangs on American actions just now. If the United States becomes involved in conflict either in Europe or in the Pacific, civilization will go up in flames..." He stated that there was no issue between Japan and the United States that could not be solved peacefully.

Defense
The New York Times' correspondent in London reported that Japan was making new demands for bases in Indochina, asking for control of Saigon, Tonkin, and Indochina's South China Sea coast.

The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies issued a statement calling for all-out aid for Britain; revision of American neutrality laws; and the use of American sea power to protect shipping in the Atlantic Ocean. Former Republican Party U.S. presidential candidate Alf Landon told the Cooperative Club in Kansas City: "If we modify the Neutrality Act to permit our ships to enter the war, then it will be a case of 'Johnnie, get your gun'..."

Labour
The 12-day-old strike at the Vultee Aircraft plant in Downey, California ended when the company and the Congress of Industrial Organizations United Automobile Workers union negotiated a 16-month contract.

The American Federation of Labor convention in New Orleans adopted a resolution condemning racketeering in labour unions, and authorized the executive council to apply "all of its influence" to force action should unions evade their "responsibilities."

Politics and government
General Juan Almazan, self-styled President-elect of Mexico, returned by plane to Mexico City after a voluntary exile of four months in the United States.

Law
Panamanian President Arnulfo Arias decreed a referendum on December 15, 1940 to decide whether the new constitution approved recently by the National Assembly should become effective in 1941.

75 years ago
1945

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 It's Been a Long Long Time--Harry James and his Orchestra (2nd week at #1)
--Bing Crosby with Les Paul and his Trio
--Charlie Spivak and his Orchestra
--Stan Kenton and his Orchestra
2 I'll Buy that Dream--Helen Forrest and Dick Haymes
--Harry James and his Orchestra
--Hal McIntyre and his Orchestra
3 Till the End of Time--Perry Como
--Dick Haymes
--Les Brown and his Orchestra
4 Chickery Chick--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra with Nancy Norman, Billy Williams and the Kaye Choir
5 That's for Me--Dick Haymes
--Jo Stafford
6 If I Loved You--Perry Como
--Bing Crosby
--Frank Sinatra
7 On the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe--Johnny Mercer and the Pied Pipers
--Bing Crosby
--Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra
--Judy Garland and the Merry Macs
8 I Can't Begin to Tell You--Bing Crosby with Carmen Cavallaro
--Andy Russell
--Harry James and his Orchestra
9 Hong Kong Blues--Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra
10 It's Only a Paper Moon--Benny Goodman and his Orchestra
--Ella Fitzgerald and the Delta Rhythm Boys

Singles entering the chart were all three versions of I Can't Begin to Tell You; Fishin' for the Moon by Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra (#17); Just a Little Fond Affection by Gene Krupa and his Orchestra (#19); Buelah's Boogie by Lionel Hampton and his Orchestra (#21); Nancy (With the Laughing Face) (#25)/Cradle Song (#50) by Frank Sinatra; Cool Water by Sons of the Pioneers (#36); Clair de Lune (Moonlight) by Jose Iturbi (#37); Drip, Drip, Drip (Sloppy Lagoon) by Spike Jones and his City Slickers (#39); and Memphis in June by Harry James and his Orchestra (#40).

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Accidental Murderess

War
At least 9 Jews were killed and 75 injured in clashes with 10,000 British troops in the Sharon Valley in Palestine.

Diplomacy
The U.S.S.R. proposed that the Arab-Jewish problem be submitted to the Big Five--U.S.S.R.; U.S.A.; U.K.; France; and China.

The United States Senate opened debate on the United Nations Participation Act, whereby the U.S. would become an active member.

Defense
U.S. Navy Secretary James Forrestal urged adoption of a universal military training bill.

Economics and finance
U.S. Representative Hugh De Lacy (Democrat--Washington) introduced a resolution asking President Harry Truman to recall all U.S. aid to China immediately.

Labour
The Retail Workers union's "national demonstration" against Montgomery Ward began in branches throughout the United States, and the union claimed 75%-80% effectiveness, while the company reported that 92% of its employees were at work.

70 years ago
1950

Died on this date
Hedwig Courths-Mahler, 83. German authoress. Mrs. Courths-Mahler wrote romantic novels under her own name and several pseudonyms. By the time of her death, 80 million copies of her books had been sold, making Mrs. Courths-Mahler the best-selling German female writer.

War
China entered the Korean War, launching a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces, breaking through South Korean lines at Tokchon and threatening to isolate American and South Korean forces above Pyongyang.

Politics and government
The Partido Colorado (Colorado Party), with 52.3% of the vote, captured the Uruguayan presidential election. The ticket of Andrés Martínez Trueba and Alfeo Brum led among Colorado Party tickets with 19.3%, making Mr. Martínez President-elect and Mr. Brum Vice President-elect. The Partido Colorado also won 53 of 99 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, 17 of 30 seats in the Senate, and 12 of 19 departmental elections.

The National Lawyers Guild, responding to a U.S. House of Representatives Un-American Activities Committee report which labelled the Guild as a "legal bulwark" of the Communist Party USA, denied that it had consistently followed the Communist line, and charged that the committee had made no attempt to discuss the merits of the issues.

30 veteran members of Sweden's Communist Party broke away to establish their own organization, following a stormy two-day meeting in Stockholm. Criticizing Communist leader Fritlof Lager and other members for giving party jobs to relatives, the rebels charged that the party had "abandoned its purely revolutionary course and degenerated into a family clique for the purpose of self-admiration."

Football
NFL
Philadelphia (6-4) 3 @ New York Giants (8-2) 7
Baltimore (1-9) 28 @ Washington (2-8) 38
San Francisco (2-9) 21 @ Green Bay (3-7) 25
Los Angeles (8-3) 14 @ Chicago Bears (8-2) 24

Baseball
Nippon Series
Shochiku Robins 5 @ Mainichi Orions 3 (Best-of-seven series tied 2-2)

Yoshiyuki Iwamoto hit a home run and Nobuo Oshima (1–1) pitched a complete game victory over Tadashi Wakabayashi (1–1) as the Robins withstood a 2-run 9th inning rally and defeated the Orions before 35,518 fans at Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium.

60 years ago
1960

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Save the Last Dance for Me--The Drifters

#1 single in Italy: Il cielo in una stanza--Mina (7th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Ein Schiff wird kommen--Lale Andersen (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): It’s Now or Never--Elvis Presley (4th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley
2 Poetry in Motion--Johnny Tillotson
3 You Talk Too Much--Joe Jones
4 Save the Last Dance for Me--The Drifters
5 Stay--Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs
6 Georgia on My Mind--Ray Charles
7 Last Date--Floyd Cramer
8 New Orleans--U.S. Bonds
9 He Will Break Your Heart--Jerry Butler
10 Let's Go, Let's Go, Let's Go--Hank Ballard and the Midnighters

Singles entering the chart were Main Theme from Exodus (Ari's Theme) by Mantovani & his Orchestra (#41, charting with the version by Ferrante and Teicher); I Gotta Know by Elvis Presley (#78); Come Rain or Come Shine by Ray Charles (#83); Doll House by Donnie Brooks (#85); Bumble Bee by LaVern Baker (#90); Hardhearted Hannah by Ray Charles (#92); The Bells by James Brown & the Famous Flames (#97); Jaguar and Thunderbird by Chuck Berry (#99); and Sweet Dreams by Don Gibson (#100).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley
2 A Thousand Stars--Kathy Young with the Innocents
3 The Hucklebuck--Chubby Checker
4 Billy, Billy Went a Walking--The Beau Marks
5 You're Sixteen--Johnny Burnette
6 Doll House--Donnie Brooks
7 And the Heavens Cried--Ronnie Savoy
8 The Sock--The Valentines
9 Like Strangers--The Everly Brothers
10 Perfidia--The Ventures

Singles entering the chart were Rubber Ball by Bobby Vee (#30); Lonely Teenager by Dion (#32); Happy, Happy Birthday Baby by Wanda Jackson (#37); Flamingo Express by the Royaltones (#40); My Southern Belle by Frankie Ford (#44); Gee by Jan & Dean (#46); He Will Break Your Heart by Jerry Butler (#47); Angel on My Shoulder by Shelby Flint (#48); Always, Always by Johnny Cymbal (#49); and The Mansion You Stole by Johnny Horton (#50). The Mansion You Stole was the B-side of North to Alaska, charting at #14.

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley (2nd week at #1)
2 North to Alaska--Johnny Horton
3 You're Sixteen--Johnny Burnette
4 A Thousand Stars--Kathy Young with the Innocents
5 And the Heavens Cried--Ronnie Savoy
6 Poetry in Motion--Johnny Tillotson
7 Perfidia--The Ventures
8 Dear John/Alabam--Pat Boone
9 The Sock--The Valentines
10 Am I Losing You--Jim Reeves

Singles entering the chart were Wonderland by Night, with versions by Louis Prima; Bert Kaempfert and his Orchestra; and Anita Bryant (#19); Doll House by Donnie Brooks (#27); Sweet Molly Malone by Evan Kemp (#28); Rubber Ball by Bobby Vee (#32); Happy, Happy Birthday Baby by Wanda Jackson (#37); The Magnificent Seven by Al Caiola and his Orchestra (#39); and Lonely Teenager by Dion (#40).

On television tonight
The Roaring 20's, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Judge Seward's Secret

Died on this date
Ralph Anderson, 23-25. U.S. football player. Mr. Anderson played split end at California State University, Los Angeles before beginning his professional career with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League in 1958, playing all 12 games and catching 11 passes for 177 yards and 1 touchdown. He played 1 game with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League in 1959, but lost out in a competition with Farrell Funston and Dave Kocourek for an import receiver position. Mr. Anderson joined the Los Angeles Chargers of the new American Football League, and led them with 44 pass receptions for 614 yards and 5 touchdowns in 10 games despite missing a game on November 4 because of diabetes. He went to a movie with his girlfriend Virginia Hunt and teammate Ron Botchan, and decided to spend the night in a spare bedroom of Miss Hunt's apartment. When she went to wake him up in the morning, Mr. Anderson was dead of an apparent diabetes attack.

Radio
CHAK began broadcasting in Inuvik, Northwest Territories at 860 on the AM dial as part of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's northern service.

Boxing
Mike DeJohn (41-7-1) knocked out Billy Hunter (18-8-3) at 2:51 of the 9th round of a heavyweight bout at Madison Square Garden in New York.

Football
CFL
Grey Cup @ Empire Stadium, Vancouver
Ottawa 16 Edmonton 6

The Eskimos were the first western team to go into a Grey Cup game as favourites, but they had been beaten up in the course of playing 5 playoff games, and a flu bug was affecting a number of players, resulting in a poor showing. The Rough Riders recovered a fumble by Edmonton punt returner Rollie Miles early in the game inside the Eskimos’ 10-yard line, and Gary Schreider kicked a 15-yard field goal to give Ottawa a 3-0 lead. The Eskimos’ only scoring play came in the 2nd quarter on a 65-yard pass from Jackie Parker to Jim Letcavits. Tommy-Joe Coffey missed the convert and the Eskimos led 6-3. Ottawa promptly replied when Russ Jackson, who split the quarterbacking with Ron Lancaster, moved the team downfield and completed a 31-yard touchdown pass to Bill Sowalski. Mr. Schreider missed the convert, leaving the Rough Riders with a 9-6 lead. Mr. Parker returned the ensuing kickoff 74 yards--then a Grey Cup record--to the Ottawa 40-yard line, but were unable to capitalize on the opportunity. After a scoreless third quarter, the Eskimos mounted a couple of threats, but Joe Poirier and Doug Daigneault made interceptions. The Rough Riders put the game away when Joe-Bob Smith fumbled a punt on the Edmonton goal line, and Kaye Vaughan recovered in the end zone for the only touchdown of his Hall of Fame career. Mr. Schreider converted to give Ottawa a 10-point lead. The Rough Riders were in possession of the ball at their own 33 with a second down and 7 yards to go for a first down with 41 seconds remaining in regulation time when fans began invading the field. A youth ran off with the ball, and the Vancouver police did nothing as the mob swelled to 5,000. CFL Commissioner Sydney Halter finally ordered the game to be called. The Ottawa defense did such a good job of smothering the Edmonton attack that Johnny Bright was held to 15 yards on 5 rushing attempts, and Normie Kwong, playing the final game of a 13-year Hall of Fame career, gained just 7 yards on 7 carries. Backup Jim Shipka led the Eskimos with 5 carries for 22 yards. Mr. Parker completed 10 of 22 passes for 179 yards and an interception, and Don Getty was 2 for 3 for 18 yards and an interception. Mr. Letcavits was the only Eskimo to catch more than one pass, with 6 receptions for 132 yards. Mr. Coffey, playing in his first Grey Cup, caught 1 pass for 7 yards. Vic Chapman of the Eskimos was forced to punt 13 times for an average of 42.8 yards per punt. Official attendance at Empire Stadium was 38,102.





NCAA
Navy (9-1) 17 Army (6-3-1) 12 @ Municipal Stadium, Philadelphia





50 years ago
1970

Weather
In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1 millimetres) of rain fell in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever recorded.

Religion
Pope Paul VI began a 10-day, 30,000-mile tour of Asia with a visit to Tehran.

Football
The Canadian Football Hall of Fame added Ken Montgomery, Johnny Bright, and Gordon Perry. Mr. Montgomery was president of the Edmonton Eskimos for several years in the 1950s, and also served as president of the Canadian Rugby Union and Western Interprovincial Football Union. Mr. Bright was a fullback with the Calgary Stampeders and Edmonton Eskimos from 1952-1964, and was the CFL's career leader in yards rushing at the time of his selection. Mr. Perry played for the Montreal Winged Wheelers, and was a member of their unbeaten Grey Cup championship team of 1931.

NFL
Oakland (6-3-2) 14 @ Detroit (7-4) 28
Green Bay (5-6) 3 @ Dallas (7-4) 16

40 years ago
1980

Died on this date
Pete DePaolo, 82. U.S. auto racing driver. Mr. DePaolo drove in the Indianapolis 500 in 1922 and 1924-1930, winning the race in 1925 and finishing in the top ten in 1924 and 1926. He was a successful NASCAR owner (1955-1957), with his drivers winning 21 races. Mr. DePaolo was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1995.

Economics and finance
A new Bank Act went into effect in Canada, replacing the Bank Act 1967. The new act set up new operating rules for chartered banks, and let foreign banks open branches.

30 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Ihminen ei voi elää vetämättä--MC Nikke T (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Sadeness Part I--Enigma (3rd week at #1)

Space
The Delta II rocket made its maiden flight.

Politics and government
Polish Premier Tadeusz Mazowiecki announced his resignation after finishing third in a field of six candidates in the previous day’s election for the office of president. He said that he and his cabinet would remain in office until a new premier was appointed by the next president.

Lee Kuan Yew announced that he would be stepping down after 31 years as Prime Minister of Singapore, to be replaced by Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. Under Mr. Lee, Singapore had become economically powerful, but at the cost of freedom.

25 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Gangsta's Paradise--Coolio featuring L.V. (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Knockin'--Double Vision (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Gangsta's Paradise--Coolio featuring L.V. (4th week at #1)

20 years ago
2000

Politics and government
Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris certified Republican Party U.S. presidential candidate George W. Bush as the winner of the November 7 election in her state by 537 votes, including over 100 votes from military absentee ballots that had previously been rejected. Palm Beach County failed to completed its manual recount by the 5 P.M. deadline. The result in Florida would determine whether Mr. Bush or Vice President and Democratic Party nominee Al Gore would be the next president of the United States.

Fanmi Lavalas candidate Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who had previously been elected President before being removed from office, regained the presidency with 92% of the vote in a national election that was boycotted by political opponents.

Football
CFL
Grey Cup @ McMahon Stadium, Calgary
British Columbia 28 Montreal 26

Lui Passaglia, playing the final game of a brilliant 25-year CFL career, kicked a 29-yard field goal with 1:35 remaining in regulation time that proved to be the winning margin as the Lions withstood a late Montreal rally to win their first Grey Cup in 6 years before 43,822 fans at McMahon Stadium. The Lions led 12-3 after an uneventful first half. Mr. Passaglia, who missed 3 of his first 4 field goal attempts, missed from 47 yards early in the 1st quarter, but managed to get a single point for the game’s first score. B.C. quarterback Damon Allen scored on a 1-yard rush and Mr. Passaglia converted to give the Lions an 8-0 lead. Terry Baker responded with a 19-yard field goal to cut the lead to 8-3 after the 1st quarter. Mr. Passaglia missed a 39-yard field goal on the first play of the 2nd quarter, but the resulting single made the score 9-3 in favour of B.C. He finally succeeded on a 23-yard field goal attempt with 3:50 remaining in the 2nd quarter to complete scoring in the 1st half. The Alouettes scored the only points of the 3rd quarter on a 1-yard pass from Anthony Calvillo to Jock Climie, converted by Mr. Baker, to make the score 12-10 in favour of the Lions. B.C. running back Robert Drummond then broke a 44-yard touchdown run, converted by Mr. Passaglia, to increase the Lions’ lead to 19-10 just 55 seconds into the 4th quarter. Mr. Baker connected on a 51-yard field goal at 4:30 to make the score 19-13, but Mr. Allen rushed 1 yard for his second touchdown of the game at 8:38. A 2-point convert attempt was unsuccessful, but the Lions had an apparently-secure 25-13 lead. Mr. Calvillo brought the Alouettes back, and Mike Pringle rushed 5 yards for a touchdown, converted by Mr. Baker, to cut the B.C. lead to 25-20 with 3:49 remaining. Mr. Allen then drove the Lions downfield for Mr. Passaglia’s second field goal to make the score 28-20. However, the Alouettes weren’t finished, and Mr. Calvillo connected with Ben Cahoon for a 59-yard touchdown with 44 seconds remaining. Mr. Calvillo looked for Mr. Cahoon in the B.C. end zone for a 2-point convert that would have tied the game, but B.C. defensive back Chuck Levy was covering Mr. Cahoon closely in a way that many thought should have been ruled pass interference, but no penalty was called, and the pass was incomplete. The Alouettes were unsuccessful in attempting to recover a short kickoff, and the Lions ran out the clock. Mr. Allen, who had quarterbacked the Edmonton Eskimos to Grey Cup wins in 1987 and 1993, completed 18 of 31 passes for 234 yards, and rushed 9 times for 39. Mr. Drummond, who was named the game’s most valuable player, rushed 10 times for 122 yards and added 41 yards on 3 pass receptions. His backfield mate Sean Millington rushed for 99 yards on 17 carries, caught 3 passes for 38, and was named the game’s outstanding Canadian player. Don Blair led the Lions’ receivers with 87 yards on 6 receptions. Mr. Pringle rushed for 115 yards on 20 carries and caught 1 pass for 7 yards. Jock Climie, playing in the only Grey Cup of his 12-year CFL career, led all receivers with 97 yards on 6 receptions. Mr. Cahoon caught 2 for 73. Mr. Calvillo completed 13 of 26 passes for 242 yards and 2 interceptions. Steve Buratto, who had assumed the position of head coach in mid-season, was the winning head coach over Charlie Taaffe, who departed the Montreal organization after this game for a U.S. university position.



10 years ago
2010

Terrorism
Somali native Mohamed Osman Mohamud, 19, was arrested by U.S. federal agents during a sting in Portland, Oregon, accused of planning to detonate a van of explosives during a Christmas tree lighting ceremony.

December 16, 2019

1,020 years ago
999

Died on this date
Adelaide of Italy, 68. Holy Roman Empress, 962-973. Adelaide married King of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor Otto I in 951, and they were crowned in 962. When Otto I died in 973, he was succeeded on the throne by their son Otto II. Adelaide served as regent from 991-995 during the reign of her grandson Emperor Otto III.

330 years ago
1689

Law
An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown--better known as the Bill of Rights--was passed by England's Convention Parliament.

210 years ago
1809

Divorced on this date
French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was divorced from Empress Josephine by an act of the French Senate.

160 years ago
1859

Died on this date
Wilhelm Grimm, 73. German author. Mr. Grimm and his older brother Jacob wrote Grimms' Fairy Tales, first published in 1812.

120 years ago
1899

Born on this date
Noël Coward. U.K. composer, playwright, and actor. Sir Noël was one of the most talented artists of the 20th century, writing plays such as Easy Virtue (1925), Private Lives (1930), and Blithe Spirit (1941), acting in movies such as In Which We Serve (1942) and The Italian Job (1969), and writing hundreds of songs, including Mad Dogs and Englishmen. He died on March 26, 1973 at the age of 73.

75 years ago
1944

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I'm Making Believe--The Ink Spots and Ella Fitzgerald (Best seller--2nd week at #1); Don't Fence Me In--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters with Vic Schoen and His Orchestra (Juke Box--1st week at #1)

Died on this date
Betsie ten Boom, 59. Dutch Holocaust victim. Miss ten Boom was the sister of Corrie ten Boom, author of The Hiding Place (1971). The family hid Jews from the Nazis during World War II. Betsie, who suffered from congenital pernicious anemia, died in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp in Germany.

War
The Battle of the Bulge began at 5:30 A.M. with a German counter-offensive against U.S. forces. German artillery fire pounded American pounded American positions near Bastogne. The Germans attacked with three armies (some 19 divisions), and five in reserve. By nightfall, the American VII Corps line (1st Army) on the south flank had been broken. With the new German offensive, fighting ended in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, resulting in a German defensive victory.
New Zealand troops captured Faenza, Italy. Soviet troops drove from three sides on the important railway centre of Kosice, seized by Hungary from Czechoslovakia. U.S. troops on Mindoro Island in the Philippines occupied San Jose and the adjacent airfield 5 miles in from the coast.

Diplomacy
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed Lester Pearson as Canada's Ambassador to the United States.

Society
Boston police announced proceedings against a bookseller for selling Erskine Caldwell's latest novel, Tragic Ground, to an agent of the Watch and Ward Society, which previously had noted 20 allegedly obscene pages in the book.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the bill freezing Social Security taxes for 1945 at the current level of 1%.

70 years ago
1949

Died on this date
Traicho Kostov, 52. Bulgarian politician. Mr. Kostov was General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party and acting President of the Council of Ministers, but was dismissed from the latter post on March 31, 1949. He was accused of spreading anti-Soviet sentiment, and was charged with various treasonable offenses. Mr. Kostov and 10 others were convicted in a show trial, and Mr. Kostov was hanged in Sofia two days after his conviction.

War
Chinese Communist radio in Peking announced that Communist forces had reached the Indochinese border at Chenankuan.

Diplomacy
United Nations Secretary-General Trygve Lie announced that he would not seek reappointment when his present term expired in 1951.

Communist Chinese Chairman Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong) arrived in Moscow for his first visit as chief of state.

Asiatica
Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion announced that Jerusalem would become Israel's capital at the end of the year.

Politics and government
Royal assent was given to An Act to Amend the British North America Act, an act passed by the British Parliament so that the Canadian Parliament could make changes to the British North America Act without going through London in areas that fell under its jurisdiction.

Representatives of Indonesian states elected nationalist leader Ahmed Sukarno as President of the United States of Indonesia.

Jordan abolished its governor general's office for Palestine, permitting regular government ministries to take over the administration of Arab Palestine.

Former New York banker Paul Nitze was named to succeed George Kennan as head of the U.S. State Department's policy planning staff.

Society
New York City Council approved a measure barring racial bias in city-sponsored housing; it was the first such municipal statute in the United States.

Academia
The University of California dismissed physics instructor Irving Fox following his admission that he had belonged to the Communist Party while working in the Berkeley radiation laboratory during World War II.

Economics and finance
The Council of Europe's Economic Committee approved a Western European free trade plan providing for the creation of a gold or dollar fund from contributions by member states to offset trade imbalances.

Labour
Congress of Industrial Organizations President Philip Murray threatened to expel six leftist member unions, including the United Furniture Workers and the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, for failure to pay dues owed to the national treasury.

60 years ago
1959

At the movies
Journey to the Center of the Earth, directed by Henry Levin, and starring Pat Boone, James Mason, Arlene Dahl, and Diane Baker, opened in theatres.



Died on this date
John J. Bowlen, 83. Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, 1950-1959. Mr. Bowlen, a native of Cardigan, Prince Edward Island, lived in Boston, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan before moving to Alberta in 1910, eventually buying a ranch near Medicine Hat. He was a Liberal who represented Calgary in the Alberta Legislative Assembly from 1930-1944. Mr. Bowlen was appointed Lieutenant Governor by Canadian Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, and died in office in Edmonton, less than two months before the expiration of his second five-year term. He was succeeded as Lieutenant Governor by J. Percy Page.

Roger Touhy, 61. U.S. gangster. Mr. Touhy, nicknamed "Touhy the Terrible," was a beer distributor in Chicago who resisted efforts by Al Capone to take over his organization in the early 1930s. Mr. Touhy was convicted in 1934 for the December 1933 kidnapping of fellow gangster John "Jake the Barber" Factor and sentenced to 99 years in prison in a case which was eventually revealed to be a frame-up by Mr. Capone and Mr. Factor. Mr. Touhy escaped from prison in 1942 and was captured a month later, resulting in 199 years being added to his sentence. He fought his case in the courts for years, an was eventually paroled in November 1959. Just 22 days after leaving prison, Mr. Touhy was fatally gunned down by unknown assailants.

Defense
Iraq and Iran strengthened their border forces in the Persian Gulf area following conflictinng claims concerning the Shatt al Arab River near Abadan.

The Japanese Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the stationing of U.S. forces in Japan and the maintenance of Japanese military forces were constitutional.

U.S. Defense Secretary Thomas Gates told the North Atlantic Council in Paris that the United States possessed "present nuclear superiority" over the U.S.S.R. in terms of weapons and the ability to deliver them.

Politics and government
Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion presented a new five-party coalition cabinet to the Knesset for approval.

Labour
The International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers accepted a two-year contract providing for a total raise of 22c per hour, ending a 129-day strike of 10,000 workers against the Kennecott Copper Corporation.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): Grüezi wohl, Frau Stirnimaa--Die Minstrels (8th week at #1)

World events
Panamanian dictator Brigadier General Omar Torrijos, who had been unseated the day before by two colonels while he was in Mexico, returned to power. Backed by a 6,000-man army, Brig. Gen. Torrijos organized a motorcade and drove to Panama City, where the colonels surrendered without firing a shot.

Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayan revealed that Israel had razed 516 Arab homes in the occupied areas since the Six-Day war in 1967 in retaliation for Arab co-operation with suspected terrorists.

Abominations
The British House of Commons voted 343-185 to abolish the death penalty for murder.

Labour
In a move seen as a precedent for putting all professional sports in the United States under the jurisdiction of national labour laws, the National Labor Relations Board ruled that major league baseball umpires were entitled to union protection, and ordered a representation election for the 24 umpires in the American League. The umpires, who had asked for the election, had accused the AL of unfair labour practices when it fired umpires Al Salerno and Bill Valentine in 1968.

Disasters
Cricket fans stampeding for tickets in Calcutta trampled 6 people to death and injured 50.

Boxing
Mac Foster (22-0) knocked out Bob "Pretty Boy" Felstein (14-9-1) at 3:05 of the 2nd round of a heavyweight bout at Selland Arena in Fresno, California.

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Jezebel--Jon Stevens (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Video Killed the Radio Star--The Buggles (2nd week at #1)

World events
Iranian Foreign Minister Sadegh Ghotbzadeh said that the deposed Shah’s departure from the United States showed that the U.S. had "retreated one step, and we have shown the whole world that a dictator and criminal like the shah comes to the point that there is no place for him to live."

Oil
Libya joined four other OPEC nations in raising crude oil prices.

Hockey
NHL
Winnipeg 4 Edmonton 3

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Lambada--Kaoma (12th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Girl I'm Gonna Miss You--Milli Vanilli (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Hélène--Roch Voisine (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Let's Party--Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Lily was Here--David A. Stewart and featuring Candy Dulfer (4th week at #1)
2 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
3 All Around the World--Lisa Stansfield
4 Listen to Your Heart--Roxette
5 Get Busy--Mr. Lee
6 Homely Girl--UB40
7 Dançando Lambada--Kaoma
8 The Message is Love--Arthur Baker and the Backbeat Disciples
9 When I Looked at Him--Exposé
10 Girl I'm Gonna Miss You--Milli Vanilli

Singles entering the chart were Here We Are by Gloria Estefan (#22); Angelia by Richard Marx (#23); Hé Komaan by Dimitri Van Toren & Flairck (#30); Leningrad by Billy Joel (#31); and Talk it Over by Grayson Hugh (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 We Didn't Start the Fire--Billy Joel (2nd week at #1)
2 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
3 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
4 Back to Life--Soul II Soul
5 With Every Beat of My Heart--Taylor Dayne
6 Blame it on the Rain--Milli Vanilli
7 Pump Up the Jam--Technotronic featuring Felly
8 Rhythm Nation--Janet Jackson
9 Living in Sin--Bon Jovi
10 Just Like Jesse James--Cher

Singles entering the chart were Dangerous by Roxette (#65); Here We Are by Gloria Estefan (#68); Opposites Attract by Paula Abdul (Duet with the Wild Pair) (#72); I Will Survive by SaFire (#80); Foolish Heart by Sharon Bryant (#90); C'mon and Get My Love by D-Mob introducing Cathy Dennis (#91); and Never 2 Much of You by Dino (#96).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
2 We Didn't Start the Fire--Billy Joel
3 Back to Life--Soul II Soul
4 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)
5 Rhythm Nation--Janet Jackson
6 With Every Beat of My Heart--Taylor Dayne
7 (It's Just) The Way that You Love Me--Paula Abdul
8 Angelia--Richard Marx
9 Don't Close Your Eyes--Kix
10 Just Like Jesse James--Cher

Singles entering the chart were Dangerous by Roxette (#66); Here We Are by Gloria Estefan (#82); Heart by Neneh Cherry (#86); Electric Boogie by Marcia Griffiths (#90); Sometimes She Cries by Warrant (#93); and Personal Jesus by Depeche Mode (#95).

Canada's top 10 (RPM)
1 Another Day in Paradise--Phil Collins
2 We Didn't Start the Fire--Billy Joel
3 Blame it on the Rain--Milli Vanilli
4 Angelia--Richard Marx
5 Love Shack--The B-52's
6 When I See You Smile--Bad English
7 Just Between You and Me--Lou Gramm
8 Hey Men--Men Without Hats
9 (It's Just) The Way that You Love Me--Paula Abdul
10 Don't Know Much--Linda Ronstadt (featuring Aaron Neville)

Singles entering the chart were Peace in Our Time by Eddie Money (#75); Angel by Euruthmics (#77); Nothin' to Hide by Paco (#79); Hélène by Roch Voisine (#83); Everything by Jody Watley (#85); Human Cannonball by Webb Wilder (#88); Too Much by Bros. (#90); I Remember You by Skid Row (#92); and We'll Reach for the Sky Tonight by Rita MacNeil (#94).

Died on this date
Aileen Pringle, 94. U.S. actress. Mrs. Pringle, born Aileen Bisbee, was a star during the era of silent films, appearing in such movies as Stolen Moments (1920); Three Weeks (1924); Dream of Love (1928); and Wall Street (1929).

Lee Van Cleef, 64. U.S. actor. Mr. Van Cleef, who was once quoted as saying that being born with a beady-eyed sneer was the best thing that ever happened to him, played villains in movies such as Kansas City Confidential (1952) and High Noon (1952), and starred in numerous "spaghetti Westerns" in the 1960s and '70s, such as The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966).

Silvana Mangano, 59. Italian actress. Miss Mangano was known for her starring roles in Italian films such as Risa Amaro (Bitter Rice) (1949) and Anna (1951). She was married to producer Dino De Laurentiis.

Robert S. Vance, 58. U.S. judge. Mr. Vance, a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, was killed instantly at his home in Mountain Brook, Alabama, a suburb of Birmingham, when he opened a mail package containing a pipe bomb. Mr. Vance was the third U.S. federal judge in the 20th Century to be assassinated as a result of his judicial service. After an intensive investigation, Walter Moody, who had previously served four years in prison for possession of a bomb that had exploded in his house, was charged with the murders of Mr. Vance and Georgia civil rights attorney Robert E. Robinson, who had been killed in a separate blast. Mr. Moody was also charged with mailing bombs that had been defused at the Eleventh Circuit's headquarters and at the Jacksonville, Florida office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Prosecutors speculated that Mr. Moody’s motive was revenge against the 11th Circuit Court for refusal to expunge his conviction, although Mr. Vance had not been on the panel that had considered the earlier case. Mr. Moody was sentenced to death for the murder of Judge Vance, and is currently on death row in Alabama.

War
Four off-duty U.S. servicemen in Panama were confronted at a roadblock by civilians and Panamanian troops, and one of the Americans was killed when they attempted to leave.

Protest
The previous day’s protest in Timisoara, Transylvania, Romania over the arrest and deportation of a Protestant minister evolved into a pro-democracy demonstration, and army and Securitate (internal security) troops moved in.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Old Pop in an Oak--Rednex (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Stay Another Day--East 17

Married on this date
Canadian pop singer Céline Dion married her longtime manager René Angélil in Montreal.

Politics and government
Bloc Québécois and Parti Québécois organizations joined forces to fight in the Quebec independence referendum campaign for 1995.

Transportation
The last direct Via passenger train between Montreal and Halifax arrived in Halifax.

20 years ago
1999

World events
An inquiry panel into the 1994 massacre of 800,000 Rwandans blamed the then-United Nations Secretary General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali; the UN Security Council; UN staff; and the UN mission in Rwanda, which was under the command of General Romeo Dallaire of Canada.

Diplomacy
Two days of talks in Washington between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Syrian Foreign Minister Farouk al-Shara concluded, with the main sticking point being control of the Golan Heights, which Israel had captured in the Six-Day War in 1967.

Politics and government
U.S. Senators John McCain (Republican--Arizona) and Bill Bradley (Democrat--New Jersey), candidates for their respective parties’ nominations for President of the United States in 2000, signed an agreement not to use "soft money" (donations made, supposedly for issue advocacy, to political parties, and therefore not subject to legal limitations) in the fall campaign if both were nominated.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Roy E. Disney, 79. U.S. entertainment executive. Mr. Disney, the son of Walt Disney Company co-founder Roy O. Disney and nephew of Walt Disney, was the last member of the Disney family to be actively involved with the company. He successfully organized the ouster from the company of executives Ron Miller in 1984 and Michael Eisner in 2005. Mr. Disney died of stomach cancer, 25 days before his 80th birthday.

Yegor Gaidar, 53. Russian economist and politician. Mr. Gaidar, a Communist until 1991 and then a member of Democratic Choice (1994-2001) and the Union of Rightist Forces (2001-2008), was responsible for the "shock therapy" economic reforms in Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991. He was acting Prime Minister from June-December 1992. Mr. Gaidar died of heart disease.

Defense
Iran test-fired a missile capable of hitting Israel and parts of Europe.