August 22, 2016

775 years ago
1241

Died on this date
Gregory IX, 96 (?) . Roman Catholic Pope, 1227-1241. Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, succeeded Honorius III. Gregory IX promoted a policy of papal supremacy and instituted the Papal Inquisition. Gregory IX was succeeded as Pope by Celestine IV.

170 years ago
1846

Americana
The United States annexed New Mexico.

Mexicana
The United Mexican States--the Second Federal Republic of Mexico--was established.

125 years ago
1891

Died on this date
Jan Neruda, 57. Bohemian writer. Mr. Neruda was a Czech nationalist who wrote short stories and poetry, but was primarily known as a journalist, writing about Prague life and society. He died from an inflammation of his digestive tract caused by intestinal cancer.

80 years ago
1936

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Louis Hector and Harry West, on MBS
Tonight’s episode: Murder in the Waxworks

75 years ago
1941

War
German troops began the Siege of Leningrad.

Diplomacy
The Iranian government formally replied to U.K.-U.S.S.R. demands that German tourists and technicians be ousted from Iran, indicating that it had refused to expel the Germans. Warrants were issued in Buenos Aires for the arrest of 36 Germans described as "the general staff of Nazi penetration in Argentina." The Mexican government ordered all German consulates in Mexico to close by September 1 and recalled its consuls from Germany.

World events
The German commander in Paris announced that as the result of the assassination of a German officer the previous day, all Frenchmen arrested by the German would be held as hostages, a number of whom would be shot in reprisals "corresponding to the gravity of the act committed."

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the extension of military service for all draftees, National Guardsmen, reservists, and regulars for 18 months under the recent law.

Technology
U.S. President Roosevelt signed a bill barring the filing of applications for patents in foreign countries without a license from the government. The measure was designed to prevent the leakage of U.S. patent secrets abroad.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Federal Reserve Board issued regulations limiting installment credit to 18 months and requiring a cash payment ranging from 10%-33 1/3% on a wide variety of goods in order to lessen consumer demand.

70 years ago
1946

Died on this date
Döme Sztójay, 63. Prime Minister of Hungary, 1944. Mr. Sztójay, born Dimitrije Stojaković, was Hungarian Ambassador to Germany from 1935-1944. He forged strong ties with the Nazi regime. When German forces occupied Hungary in March 1944, Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy named Mr. Sztójay as Prime Minister as an alternative to outright Nazi rule. Mr. Sztójay legalized the Arrow Cross party and increased the deportation of Hungarian Jews. Mr. Horthy was able to exert enough pressure to force Mr. Sztójay's resignation on August 29, 1944 in favour of Géza Lakatos. Mr. Sztójay fled Hungary when Soviet troops invaded in April 1945, but he was captured by American forces and returned to Hungary, where he was convicted of war crimes and executed in Budapest by a firing squad.

Diplomacy
Responding to the U.S. ultimatum, Yugoslavia resleased seven Americans and two Hungarians who had been aboard the U.S. Army transport plane that had been forced down near Ljubljana on August 9.

Politics and government
Chinese Communist headquarters at Yenan announced the establishment of a Communist government in Manchuria under the provisional administration of 86 elected officials.

Popular culture
The U.S.S.R. government announced a campaign to rid Leningrad's literature, theatre, radio, and cinema of foreign "decadence."

Economics and finance
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that wholesale food prices had risen 31.3% since June 30, 1946, the day Office of Price Administration controls ended.

Labour
Delegates at an American Federation of Teachers convention in Miami Beach, Florida voted to reconsider the AFT's no-strike policy, claiming "the strike may well be a desperate but indispensable means for rescuing American children from an intolerable situation."

60 years ago
1956

Diplomacy
Egypt charged British and French canal pilots with attempting to obstruct Suez Canal shipping.

Cyprus Governor Sir John Harding offered pro-Greek guerrillas three weeks to surrender with their arms under an amnesty program.

Politics and government
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon were renominated by the Republican National Convention at the Cow Palace in Bayshore, California as their party's candidates in the November 1956 election.

Technology
Bell Telephone Laboratories announced the development of a "picture-phone" that transmitted pictures as well as the voices of people talking by phone.

Economics and finance
The People's Republic of China deposited 20 million Swiss francs ($4,668,000) in Egyptian accounts to offset a British freeze on Egypt's sterling reserves.

Football
IRFU
Ottawa (1-0) 29 @ Hamilton (0-1) 21

Frank Clair was successful in his first regular season game as head coach of the Rough Riders as they defeated the Tiger-Cats at Civic Stadium, spoiling the regular season debut of Jim Trimble as Hamilton's head coach.

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Juanita Banana--Luis Aguilé (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Yellow Submarine--The Beatles

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Summer in the City--The Lovin' Spoonful
2 Lil' Red Riding Hood--Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs
3 This Door Swings Both Ways--Herman's Hermits
4 See You in September--The Happenings
5 Sunny--Bobby Hebb
6 They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!--Napoleon XIV
7 Sweet Dreams--Tommy McLain
8 I Saw Her Again--The Mamas and the Papas
9 Over Under Sideways Down--The Yardbirds
10 I Couldn't Live Without Your Love--Petula Clark

Singles entering the chart were Yellow Submarine by the Beatles (#49); Turn-Down Day by the Cyrkle (#82); The Dangling Conversation by Simon and Garfunkel (#84); Sugar and Spice by the Cryan' Shames (#85); Wipe Out by the Surfaris (#87); 7 and 7 Is by Love (#89); Sometimes Good Guys Don't Wear White by the Standells (#91); Do You Remember by Jimmy Dybold (#92); Lonely Summer by the Shades of Blue (#93); There Will Never Be Another You by Chris Montez (#94); Satisfied with You by the Dave Clark Five (#95); He's Not Your Friend by Dee Jay and the Runaways (#97); Dear Mrs. Applebee by Flip Cartridge (#98); Black is Black by Los Bravos (#99); and Mr. Dieingly Sad by the Critters (#100). Wipe Out had originally been a hit in 1963, the year before RPM began publication.

Died on this date
Erwin Komenda, 62. Austrian automotive designer. Mr. Komenda was a major contributor to the design of the Volkswagen Beetle and several types of Porsche sports cars, working with Porsche from 1931 until his sudden death.

Economics and finance
The establishment of the Asian Development Bank came into force with Canada's ratification, becoming the 15th nation whose approval was required.

Labour
The National Farm Workers Association and Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee merged to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), predecessor of the United Farm Workers.

Business
Britain's largest manufacturing company, Imperial Chemical Industries, announced that 1,000 jobs would be cut at its nylon-fibre producing factories.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (2-3) 18 @ Saskatchewan (3-2) 17

Trent Walters scored his first CFL touchdown, Garry Lefebvre added another, and Tommy-Joe Coffey added 2 converts, a field goal, and a single as the Eskimos scored all their points in the 2nd quarter and held on to edge the Roughriders before 18,052 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. Ron Lancaster rushed for the first Saskatchewan touchdown and passed to Gord Barwell in the last minute of play for the other Roughrider TD, but Edmonton defensive end Ron Forwick got a hand on Jack Abendschan's convert attempt and deflected it wide, preserving the win for the Eskimos. It was the first CFL gaeme for Edmonton defensive end Kent Francisco.

40 years ago
1976

Died on this date
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, 73. 21st President of Brazil, 1956-1961. Mr. Kubitschek, a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), held various offices before serving as President. His term as President included the construction of the capital city of Brasilia. Mr. Kubitschek died three weeks before his 74th birthday.

Gina Bachauer, 63. Greek musician. Miss Bachauer was a classical pianist who had a performing career that lasted for more than 50 years, and included 630 concerts for Allied troops in the Middle East during World War II. She died of a heart attack at the Athens Festival on the day that she was to appear as featured soloist with the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington, D.C.

30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Holiday Rap--MC Miker G & Deejay Sven

Died on this date
Celâl Bayar, 103. Prime Minister of Turkey, 1937-1939; 3rd President of Turkey, 1950-1960. Mr. Bayar began his career in politics in 1908, and was first elected to the Ottoman parliament in 1919. He was associated with the Republican People's Party from 1923-1945 before founding the Democratic Party, which he led from 1946-1950. Mr. Celal was elected President in 1950 and re-elected in 1954 and 1957, but was deposed by a military coup in 1960. He was sentenced to death by a junta-appointed court in 1961, but the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and Mr. Celal was pardoned in 1966.

Music
The Musicfest rock festival, featuring James Brown, Huey Lewis and the News, and Elton John, opened at a park in the north end of Montréal It was a financial disaster--only 160,000 people attended in 11 days, less than the 270,000 needed to break even.

Environment
Kerr-McGee Corporation agreed to pay the estate of Karen Silkwood $1.38 million, settling a 10-year-old nuclear contamination lawsuit. Ms. Silkwood was a chemical technician and union activist at Kerr-McGee Cimarron Fuel Fabrication Site plant near Crescent, Oklahoma, who was killed in an automobile crash under suspicious circumstances after raising concerns about safety at the plant.

Football
CFL
Ottawa (2-6) 14 @ Winnipeg (5-3) 46

The Blue Bombers scored 38 points in the 2nd half to rout the Rough Riders before 23,918 fans at Winnipeg Stadium.

25 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Everything I Do (I Do it for You)--Bryan Adams (8th week at #1)

Died on this date
Colleen Dewhurst, 67. Canadian-born U.S. actress. Miss Dewhurst, a native of Montreal who moved to the United States at an early age, was best known as a stage actress. She won Tony Awards for her starring performances in All the Way Home (1961) and A Moon for the Misbegotten (1974), and also won two Obie Awards, two Gemini Awards, and a Genie Award for her supporting performance in Obsessed (1988). Miss Dewhurst was president of the Actors' Equity Association from 1985 until her death from cervical cancer.

Boris Pugo, 54. U.S.S.R. politician. Mr. Pugo was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Latvia from 1984-1988 and U.S.S.R. Minister of the Interior from December 1, 1990 until his death. He participated in the failed coup attempt against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in August 1991, and fatally shot himself and his wife after receiving a telephone call indicating that he was about to be arrested.

Diplomacy
Iceland became the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the Baltic states from the Soviet Union.

Law
The Supreme Court of Canada struck down the so-called "rape shield law" to protect victims; previous sexual conduct of those alleging rape could not be presented in court.

Energy
The Québec government mothballed Hydro-Québec's Grande-Baleine project in James Bay.

Football
CFL
The Saskatchewan Roughriders, who had lost quarterback Kent Austin to injury in the first game of the season and had struggled to a 1-6 record, fired head coach John Gregory and replaced him with former British Columbia Lions' and Toronto Argos' head coach Don Matthews. Mr. Gregory had led the Roughriders to the 1989 Grey Cup championship.

Winnipeg (4-3) 39 @ Calgary (6-1) 26

Tom Burgess completed a 13-yard touchdown pass to Eric Streater two plays after a Less Browne interception late in the 3rd quarter, putting the Blue Bombers ahead of the Stampeders to stay before 27,011 fans at McMahon Stadium.



20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Trash--Suede

War
General Aleksandr Lebed, Russian President Boris Yeltsin's security chief, signed a cease-fire with the Chechen rebel chief in time to head off an all-out bombing campaign threatened by the local Russian commander.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act welfare reform bill into law, representing a major shift in U.S. welfare policy.