October 27, 2017

230 years ago
1787

Journalism
The first of 85 essays which became known as the Federalist Papers was published in the Independent Journal, a New York newspaper.

175 years ago
1842

Born on this date
Giovanni Giolitti. Prime Minister of Italy, 1892-1893, 1903-1905, 1906-1909, 1911-1914, 1920-1921. Mr. Giolitti, a member of the Historical Left, Liberal Union, and Liberal Parties, held various cabinet posts before and during his terms as Prime Minister. He was regarded as a centrist politician, and was criticized by those on the left and the right. Mr. Giolitti was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1881 until his death on July 17, 1928 at the age of 85.

150 years ago
1867

Married on this date
King George I of Greece and Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia were wed in St. Petersburg.

War
The French fleet at Cherbourg departed for Italy.

120 years ago
1897

Politics and government
Alexander Warburton was sworn in as Premier of Prince Edward Island when his predecessor, Frederick Peters, resigned to move to British Columbia.

110 years ago
1907

World events
During a protest against the the consecration of a church in the Hungarian village of Černová, gendarme leader sergeant Ján Ladiczky, an ethnic Slovak, ordered his squad to open fire into the crowd without prior warning, killing 15 of the protesting villagers, seriously wounding 12, and lightly injuring 40. The incident led to protests over the treatment of minorities in Austria-Hungary.

100 years ago
1917

Born on this date
Oliver Tambo. South African politician. Mr. Tambo, an anti-apartheid activist, co-founded the African National Congress Youth League in 1943 and rose through the ranks, serving as the ANC's president from the late 1960s to the 1990s. He died on April 24, 1993 at the age of 75.

Died on this date
Arthur Rhys-Davids, 20. U.K. military aviator. Lieutenant Rhys-Davids was an ace with the Royal Flying Corps who gained 27 combat victories before disappearing over Roselaere, Belgium. He was likely shot down by German ace Karl Gallwitz.

Football
Ottawa Patriotic Football League
Civil Service (1-1) 8 Ottawa Rough Riders (1-1) 5

80 years ago
1937

Football
Canadian university
Alberta (1-3) 0 @ British Columbia 6

Jim Harmer plunged for a short touchdown run and kicked the convert in the 2nd quarter as the Thunderbirds shut out the Polar Bears on a rainy night at Athletic Park in Vancouver. The B.C. defense stopped the Alberta offense from scoring on three diferent possessions inside the B.C. 5-yard line.

75 years ago
1942

War
German forces struck a blow at the "Red October" plant near Stalingrad, and captured the northwest part of the factory's territory. U.K. and other Allied troops continued their advance into enemy lines at El Alamein. U.S. troops repulsed several small-scale Japanese attacks upon their positions on Guadalcanal.

Economics and finance
U.S. Economic Stabilization Director James Byrnes issued regulations limiting individual salaries in 1943 to $25,000 after payment of federal income taxes, customary charitable contributions, and fixed obligations.

Business
Associated Press charged that the U.S. government suit against it was really an attack upon freedom of the press, claiming that the membership system had fostered competition with United Press and International News Service.

Labour
U.S. War Manpower Director Paul McNutt announced a plan to freeze all "necessary" skilled dairy, livestock, and poultry workers.

Baseball
The Baseball Writers Association of America named pitcher Mort Cooper of the St. Louis Cardinals as the National League's Most Valuable Player for 1942. Mr. Cooper posted a record of 22-7, leading the league in wins, earned run average (1.77), and shutouts (10) as the Cardinals won the NL pennant and then the World Series.

70 years ago
1947

Hit parade
U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Near You--Francis Craig and his Orchestra (4th week at #1)
--Larry Green and his Orchestra
--The Andrews Sisters
--Alvino Rey and his Orchestra
--Elliot Lawrence and his Orchestra
2 I Wish I Didn't Love You So--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
--Betty Hutton
--Dinah Shore
--Dick Haymes
3 When You were Sweet Sixteen--Perry Como and the Satisfiers
4 Feudin' and Fightin'--Dorothy Shay
--Jo Stafford
--Bing Crosby and the Jesters
5 I Have But One Heart (O Marinariello)--Vic Damone
6 The Lady from 29 Palms--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--The Andrews Sisters
7 You Do--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
--Margaret Whiting
--Bing Crosby and Carmen Cavallaro
--Dinah Shore
--Vic Damone
8 I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now--Ted Weems and his Orchestra with Perry Como
--Perry Como
9 Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)--Tex Williams and his Western Caravan
--Phil Harris and his Orchestra
10 Tallahassee--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters

Singles entering the chart were Lazy Countryside by Margaret Whiting (#20); A Fellow Needs a Girl, with versions by Frank Sinatra, and Perry Como (#23); Julie by Tony Martin (#36); and Save the Bones for Henry Jones (’Cause Henry Don’t Eat No Meat) by Johnny Mercer and the King Cole Trio (#37). Lazy Countryside and both versions of A Fellow Needs a Girl were the other sides of the artists' versions of So Far, charting at #31.

On the radio
You Bet Your Life hosted by Groucho Marx, on ABC

This was the first regular broadcast of the long-running game show; an audition broadcast had aired on September 15, 1947.

Politics and government
Lucien Borne was elected Mayor of Québec for the fifth time.

U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities Chairman J. Parnell Thomas Republican--New Jersey) ordered screenwriter John Howard Lawson removed from the witness stand when he refused to testify whether he was or had been a Communist. Rep. Thomas and two other Committee members recommended that Mr. Lawson be cited for contempt of Congress.

Labour
21 Negro locomotive firemen filed suit in Washington against 20 southern railroads and the Independent Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, charging them with violating two 1944 U.S. Supreme Court decisions banning racial discrimination in railway employment.

Crime
A U.S. federal district court in Washington dropped charges of treason against Edward Delaney, Jane Anderson, and Max Koischwitz for insufficient evidence. All were accused of making radio broadcasts for the Axis during World War II.

Basketball
PBLA
Oklahoma City (1-1) 35 @ Grand Rapids (0-1) 34
St. Paul (1-0) 55 @ Waterloo (0-1) 49 (OT)
Atlanta (2-0) 43 Tulsa (0-1) 36 @ Hutchinson, Kansas

Football
WIFU
Calgary (4-4) 5 @ Winnipeg (5-3) 15

Bob Sandberg threw touchdown passes of 85 yards to Don Smith and 35 yards to Johnny Westrum in the last 7 minutes of the game as the Blue Bombers defeated the Stampeders 15-5 before 4,000 fans at Osborne Stadium to finish in first place in the Western Interprovincial Football Union. Wally Stephens scored a touchdown for the Stampeders in the 2nd quarter, and they led 5-2 after 3 quarters. Calgary was without star backs Darrell Wardien and Fritz Hanson, who had been injured in their 6-5 win over the Saskatchewan Roughriders in Regina two days earlier.

60 years ago
1957

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Heart of Gold, starring Mildred Dunnock, Darryl Hickman, Nehemiah Persoff, and Edward Binns

Died on this date
James McGirr, 67. Australian politician. Mr. McGirr, a member of the Labour Party, was Premier of New South Wales from 1947-1952. He died of a heart attack.

Politics and government
The Democratic Party, led by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, won 424 of 602 seats in the Grand National Assembly in the Turkish general election. The Democrats' total was a decrease of 78 seats from the most recent election in 1954. The Republican People's Party (CHP), led by İsmet İnönü, was second with 178 seats, an increase of 147 from 1954.

Transportation
The Canadian Pacific Railway discontinued the Kootenay Express and Kettle Valley Express on the Kettle Valley Line.

Disasters
49 Vietnamese, mostly women and children, were trampled to death in a stampede on two bridges by crowds gathered for a holiday fair near Saigon's Botanical Gardens.

50 years ago
1967

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Itchycoo Park--Small Faces

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 The Letter--The Box Tops (5th week at #1)
2 I Can See for Miles--The Who
3 Run, Run, Run--The Third Rail
4 To Sir with Love--Lulu
5 The Rain, the Park and Other Things--The Cowsills
6 Sunshine Games--The Music Explosion
7 Gimme Little Sign--Brenton Wood
8 Let it All Hang Out--The Hombres
9 Lightning's Girl--Nancy Sinatra
10 Holiday--The Bee Gees
Pick hit of the week: Kentucky Woman--Neil Diamond
New this week: Wild Honey--The Beach Boys
Mr. Dream Merchant--Jerry Butler
The Thinking Animal--The Sons of Adam
Hush--Billy Joe Royal
Glad to Be Unhappy--The Mamas and the Papas

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched the satellite Cosmos 186.

Protest
U.S. Roman Catholic priest Philip Berrigan and others of the "Baltimore Four" protested U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War by pouring blood on Selective Service records.

40 years ago
1977

On television tonight
James at 15, starring Lance Kerwin, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Friends

This was the first regular episode of the series.



Died on this date
James M. Cain, 85. U.S. writer. Mr. Cain was a journalist with several magazines and newspapers before beginning his career as an author of fiction. He was known for his "hardboiled" crime fiction, and his novels The Postman Always Rings Twice (1934); Mildred Pierce (1941); and Double Indemnity (1936/1943) were made into successful films noir.

Crime
Charles Marion was released by his kidnappers in Sherbrooke, Québec after payment of $50,000 ransom. The credit union loans manager was held captive for 82 days in Canada's longest kidnapping-for-ransom.

Scandal
Former U.K. Liberal Party leader Jeremy Thorpe denied any involvement in a plot to kill former friend Norman Scott and suggestions that he had a homosexual relationship with the former model.

30 years ago
1987

World events
The national assembly of El Salvador voted 45-0 in favour of an amnesty for left-wing guerrillas and members of right-wing death squads and military men linked to massacres. An exception was made for those who had murdered Roman Catholic Archbishop Oscar Romero in 1980. Those eligible for the amnesty would include the killers of four U.S. churchwomen in 1980 and those who killed four U.S. Marines and nine others in San Salvador in 1985.

Diplomacy
Costa Rican President Oscar Arias said that Nicaraguan intransigence on peace talks was threatening the Central American peace process.

Politics and government
Frank McKenna sworn in as Premier of New Brunswick, replacing Richard Hatfield.

Baseball
The Baseball Writers Association of America named Buck Rodgers of the Montréal Expos as Manager of the Year in the National League for 1987. Mr. Rodgers led the Expos to a 91-71 record, good enough for third place in the NL East Division, 4 games behind the pennant-winning St. Louis Cardinals, and a 17-game improvement over the team's 1986 record.

25 years ago
1992

Died on this date
Allen Schindler, 22. U.S. sailor. U.S. Navy Radioman Petty Officer Third Class Schindler was a sodomite who served on the assault ship USS Belleau Wood. He complained of harassment and was in the process of leaving the Navy when he was brutally beaten to death by shipmate Airman Apprentice Terry Helvey in a toilet in a park in Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan. Mr. Helvey should have been executed, but a plea bargain resulted in a sentence of life imprisonment.

Abominations
Following a Federal Court ruling on the rights of sodomites in the Canadian Armed Forces, Chief of Staff John de Chastelain announced that all barriers to enlistment and promotion of sodomites in the military would be dropped.

20 years ago
1997

Hit parade
Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Anybody Seen My Baby?--The Rolling Stones
2 Fly--Sugar Ray
3 The Sound Of--Jann Arden
4 Foolish Games--Jewel
5 I Don't Want to Wait--Paula Cole
6 Building a Mystery--Sarah McLachlan
7 On My Own--Peach Union
8 Walkin' on the Sun--Smash Mouth
9 Show Me Love--Robyn
10 Tubthumping--Chumbawumba

Singles entering the chart were Surrender by Sarah McLachlan (#29); I've Just Seen a Face by Holly Cole (#35); Spice Up Your Life by Spice Girls (#46); Whatever I Fear by Toad the Wet Sprocket (#51); I Believe by Jai (#54); Wake Up, My Love by Claymen (#57); and Please by U2 (#76).

Economics and finance
The Dow Jones industrial average tumbled 554.26 points, forcing the stock market to shut down for the first time since the 1981 assassination attempt on U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Labour
Five unions representing 126,000 Ontario teachers went on strike to protest budget cuts and reforms put forward by Premier Mike Harris's Progressive Conservative government. The largest teachers' strike ever in North America was settled on November 7, and teachers went back to work on November 10.

10 years ago
2007

Died on this date
Moira Lister, 84. S.A.-born U.K. actress. Miss Lister began her career on stage in South Africa and moved to London at the age of 18. She appeared in numerous plays, radio, and television programs. Her films included So Evil My Love (1948); The Cruel Sea (1953); and The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1964).

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (10-6-1) 8 @ Toronto (10-7) 16
Montreal (8-9) 33 @ Calgary (7-9-1) 32

Toronto defensive end Ray Fontaine set up one touchdown with a blocked punt and set up another with a forced fumble as the Argonauts defeated the Blue Bombers before 40,116 fans at Rogers Centre.

Marcus Brady passed for 260 yards and a touchdown to help the Alouettes edge the Stampeders before 29,247 fans at McMahon Stadium.

Baseball
World Series
Boston Red Sox 10 @ Colorado Rockies 5 (Boston led best-of-seven series 3-0)

The Red Sox opened the scoring with 6 runs in the top of the 3rd inning and appeared to be coasting to victory, but the Rockies scored 2 runs in the 6th and 3 in the 7th, only to see the Red Sox respond with 3 runs in the 8th and another run in the 9th. Boston leadoff hitter Jacoby Ellsbury had 3 doubles and a single in 5 at bats, with 2 runs and 2 runs batted in. 49,983 fans at Coors Field in Denver not only witnessed the first World Series game ever played in Colorado, but the longest 9-inning World Series game yet played--4 hours 19 minutes.