May 31, 2019

550 years ago
1469

Born on this date
Manuel I. King of Portugal, 1495-1521. Manuel I, the grandson of King Duarte and nephew of King Afonso V, succeeded his first cousin João II on the throne. King Manuel I oversaw an era of prosperity and Portuguese imperial expansion. He died on December 13, 1521 at the age of 52, and was succeeded by his son João III.

350 years ago
1669

Literature
Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys recorded the last event in his diary.

210 years ago
1809

Died on this date
Joseph Haydn, 77. Austrian composer. Mr. Haydn was a major composer of the Classical Era , and has been nicknamed the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet." He wrote over 100 symphonies, as well as numerous chamber works, masses, and operas. Mr. Haydn died after years of declining health.

200 years ago
1819

Died on this date
Walt Whitman, 72. U.S. poet. Mr. Whitman was one of the most influential poets in American history, and has been called the "father of free verse." He was best known for the collection Leaves of Grass, which was published in several editions from 1855-1891. Mr. Whitman died of bronchial pneumonia on March 26, 1892 at the age of 72.

160 years ago
1859

Britannica
The clock in London whose bell is popularly known as Big Ben began ticking.

140 years ago
1879

Americana
Gilmore's Garden in New York City was renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt, and was opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.

130 years ago
1889

Disasters
2,209 people were killed and $17 million ($425 million in 2012 dollars) resulted when heavy rains caused the South Fork Dam on the Little Conemaugh River to collapse, sending 20 million tons of water into Johnstown, Pennsylvania.



110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Art Coulter. Canadian-born U.S. hockey player. Mr. Coulter, a native of Winnipeg, was a defenceman with the Chicago Black Hawks (1931-36) and New York Rangers (1936-42), scoring 112 points on 30 goals and 82 assists in 465 regular season games and 4 goals and 5 assists in 49 playoff games. He played on Stanley Cup championship teams in 1934 and 1940, and made the National Hockey League's second All-Star team four times. Mr. Coulter played with the United States Coast Guard Cutters from 1942-44, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974. He died on October 14, 2000 at the age of 91.

Died on this date
Tom Price, 57. Australian politician. Mr. Price, a member of the United Labour Party, was first elected to the South Australian House of Assembly in 1893, and became party leader in 1899. He served as Premier of South Australia from 1905 until his death from tuberculosis and diabetes, and was succeeded as Premier by Archibald Peake.

Society
The U.S. National Negro Committee, forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), convened for the first time.

Baseball
The New York Giants swept a morning-afternoon pair of games from the Philadelphia Phillies at the Polo Grounds in New York. Hooks Wiltse won the opener 3-2, and 35,000 fans saw Christy Mathewson outduel Lew Moren 5-4 in the afternoon game. Mr. Mathewson won the game with a home run into the left field stands in the 8th inning.

In the Three I League, pitchers Otto Burns of Decatur and Ed Clarke of Bloomington both went the distance in a 26-inning game won by Decatur 2-1.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Robie Macauley. U.S. writer and editor. Mr. Macauley worked in counterintelligence with the U.S. Army during World War II, which inspired his collection The End of Pity and Other Stories (1957). He was better known as an editor with The Kenyon Review; Playboy; and Houghton Mifflin. Mr. Macauley died of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on November 20, 1995 at the age of 76.

Died on this date
Arthur Thurman, 39. U.S. auto racing driver. Mr. Thurman was killed in a crash on the 45th lap of the Indianapolis 500; his riding mechanic, Nicholas Molinaro, survived critical injuries.

Louis LeCocq, 27. U.S. auto racing driver. Mr. LeCocq and his riding mechanic, Robert Bandini, were killed in a crash on lap 97 of the Indianapolis 500 when the car's fuel tank exploded.

Auto racing
Howdy Wilcox won the Indianapolis 500, at an average speed of 88.050 miles per hour. It was the first time the race had been held since 1916.







75 years ago
1944

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Sunday, Monday or Always--Frank Sinatra; George Trevare (1st month at #1)

War
U.S. troops pierced the Germans' Alban Hills defenses, swinging east around Velletri and seizing Mount Peschio.

Journalism
A false report that the Allies had launched the invasion of Europe with landings in France was sent by the London office of Associated Press to the United States and Latin America, and in five minutes before the error was killed, was broadcast by all the American radio networks.

Politics and government
Dr. Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra accepted the presidency of Ecuador, offered to him by the military junta.

The U.S. National Governors' Conference adopted a resolution demanding postwar return to the states of powers yielded to the federal government in the war emergency.

Religion
A committee of Protestant laymen and ministers in the U.S.A. issued a report warning against impoverishment of Germany after the end of World War II.

Science
The University of California announced the production of synthetic sugar by Professors H. Barker, Michael Doudoroff, and W.Z. Hassid.

Economics and finance
U.S. Solid Fuels Administrator Harold Ickes returned most of the 3,000 bituminous coal mines to the owners after seven months of government operation.

Labour
U.S. Senator Hugh Butler (Republican--Nebraska) called for an investigation of the Congress of Industrial Organization's political committee, and charged that Attorney General Francis Biddle "has gone out of his way" to forgive violations of the Corrupt Practices Act.

Officers of the Chicago local of the CIO United Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Employes of America threatened another strike against Montgomery Ward & Co. unless the National War Labor Board ordered the company to continue the contract which had expired the previous December.

70 years ago
1949

On the radio
Philo Vance, starring Jackson Beck
Tonight's episode: Red Duck Murder

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Doors on the Thirteenth Floor, starring Louisa Horton, Anthony Ross, and Russell Collins



Diplomacy
The U.S.A. closed its Mukden consulate, but kept its missions open in other Communist-occupied Chinese cities, including Peking (Beijing) and Nanking.

Defense
The Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies ratified the North Atlantic Defense treaty.

In ceremonies a Fort Meyer, Virginia, General Lucius Clay retired from the United States Army after 31 years of service.

Politics and government
The U.S. Senate passed and sent to the House of Representatives a measure granting home rule to the District of Columbia.

Crime
The perjury trial of former U.S. State Department employee Alger Hiss began in a U.S. federal court in New York, with Judge Samuel Kaufman presiding.

Oddities
Cleveland druggist Charley Lupica boldly climbed to a 20-foot platform atop a flagpole after announcing that he was staying there until the Indians repeated as pennant winners. The seventh-place Indians moved up to fourth by the time Lupica descended on September 25‚ but the disappointed druggist was rewarded for his loyalty with a new car by Indians' owner Bill Veeck.

Economics and finance
The Japanese Diet completed action on a 700-billion yen balanced budget, calling for the dismissal of 400,000 government employees during the next year.

Argentina and the United Kingdom signed a five-year commercial treaty calling for at least $640 million in mutual trade each year.

Prices on the New York Stock Exchange took their sharpest drop so far in 1949, falling 1-3 points.

Golf
Sam Snead won the PGA Championship at Belmont Golf Course in Henrico, Virginia, defeating Johnny Palmer 3 and 2 in the final round. First prize money was $3,500.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Oui, oui, oui, oui--Jean Philippe (3rd week at #1)

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: The Dusty Drawer, starring Dick York and Philip Coolidge

War
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru asked the U.K. and U.S.S.R. to reconvene the International Control Commission, charged with supervision of the Indochinese armistice in Laos.

Politics and government
20 Muslims and 12 Europeans were elected to fill 32 seats for Algeria in the French Senate.

The United Democratic Reform Front, formed by former Greek Cypriot guerrilla leaders, held in first Congress in Nicosia.

Baseball
Smoky Burgess and Don Hoak each hit 2 home runs in the first game and a homer in the second game as they helped the Pittsburgh Pirates sweep a doubleheader from the Cincinnati Reds 6-2 and 14-11 before 17,847 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. Pittsburgh left fielder Bob Skinner drove in 7 runs in the second game with a grand slam and a 3-run homer. Al Jackson started on the mound for the Pirates in the second game, allowing 7 hits and 4 runs--all earned--in 3 innings, with 1 base on balls and 1 strikeout in his first major league game.

The Philadelphia Phillies and Milwaukee Braves split a doubleheader before 28,590 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee. Robin Roberts pitched a 6-0 shutout for the Phillies in the opener, and Warren Spahn came back with a 4-hitter to win the second game for the Braves 2-1. The Phillies' run in the second game came on a pinch-hit home run by Gene Freese, his 5th pinch-hit home run of the season.

The Los Angeles Dodgers defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 5-3 before 24,829 fans at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the seven pitchers used by the two teams combined for a total of 23 strikeouts, tying the National League single-game record. Winning pitcher Sandy Koufax of the Dodgers led with 9 strikeouts.

With 2 out and nobody on base in the top of the 9th inning, Mickey Mantle doubled, Yogi Berra was intentionally walked, and Bill Skowron followed with a 3-run home run to break a 0-0 tie as the New York Yankees shut out the Washington Senators 3-0 before 8,721 fans at Griffith Stadium, with Bob Turley pitched a 2-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Camilo Pascual, who allowed just 4 hits.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Get Back/Don't Let Me Down--The Beatles with Billy Preston

#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston

#1 single in France: Le métèque--Georges Moustaki (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Tutta mia la città--Equipe 84 (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (4th week at #1)

Australia's top 10 (Go-Set)
1 The Real Thing--Russell Morris
2 Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)--Peter Sarstedt
3 Goodbye--Mary Hopkin
4 Get Back/Don't Let Me Down--The Beatles with Billy Preston
5 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
6 Gitarzan--Ray Stevens
7 Galveston--Glen Campbell
8 Proud Mary--Creedence Clearwater Revival
9 Sorry Suzanne--The Hollies
10 Dizzy--Tommy Roe

Singles entering the chart were Happy Heart by Andy Williams (#35); Funny Man by Ross D. Wylie (#36); Hooked on a Feeling by B.J. Thomas (#37); and Picture Book by the Kinks (#40).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Israelites--Desmond Dekker and the Aces (2nd week at #1)
2 Get Back--The Beatles featuring Billy Preston
3 The Boxer--Simon & Garfunkel
4 Suzanne--Herman Van Veen
5 Oh Happy Day--The Edwin Hawkins Singers
6 Let the Sun Shine In--Marva Hodge & the Moody Sec
7 Big Bamboo--The Merrymen
8 Harlem Shuffle--Bob and Earl
9 5th Symphony Beethoven--Ekseption
10 Goodbye--Mary Hopkin

Singles entering the chart were Stop the Machine by Swinging Soul Machine (#30); Freedom by the Motions (#35); Le Responsable by Jacques Dutronc (#37); and Good Times Bad Times by Led Zeppelin (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (2nd week at #1)
2 Love (Can Make You Happy)--Mercy
3 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
4 Oh Happy Day--The Edwin Hawkins Singers
5 Hair--The Cowsills
6 These Eyes--The Guess Who?
7 Atlantis--Donovan
8 Gitarzan--Ray Stevens
9 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
10 Grazing in the Grass--The Friends of Distinction

Singles entering the chart were Tomorrow Tomorrow by the Bee Gees (#60); No Matter What Sign You Are by Diana Ross and the Supremes (#61); I Turned You On by the Isley Brothers (#63); My Cherie Amour by Stevie Wonder (#70); Without Her by Herb Alpert (#71); Moody Woman by Jerry Butler (#72); Spinning Wheel by Blood, Sweat & Tears (#78); The Minotaur by Dick Hyman and his Electric Eclectics (#79); I Can't Quit Her by the Arbors (#80); The Popcorn by James Brown (#81); Sincerely by Paul Anka (#82); Hushabye by Jay and the Americans (#90); Brown Arms in Houston by Orpheus (#92); I Need You Now by Ronnie Dove (#94); Running Bear by Sonny James (#95); Hurt So Bad by the Lettermen (#96); and Son of a Travelin' Man by Ed Ames (#100). My Cherie Amour was the B-side of I Don't Know Why, which had peaked at #39 on March 22, 1969.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (2nd week at #1)
2 Love (Can Make You Happy)--Mercy
3 Oh Happy Day--The Edwin Hawkins Singers
4 These Eyes--The Guess Who?
5 Hair--The Cowsills
6 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
7 Gitarzan--Ray Stevens
8 Grazing in the Grass--The Friends of Distinction
9 Atlantis--Donovan
10 More Today than Yesterday--The Spiral Starecase

Singles entering the chart were I Turned You On by the Isley Brothers (#69); The Popcorn by James Brown (#74); So I Can Love You by the Emotions (#75); Moody Woman by Jerry Butler (#79); My Cherie Amour by Stevie Wonder (#80); Spinning Wheel by Blood, Sweat & Tears (#84); My Pledge of Love by the Joe Jeffrey Group (#87); It's My Thing (You Can’t Tell Me Who to Sock it To) by Marva Whitney (#88); Let's Dance by Ola and the Janglers (#92); Yesterday, When I was Young (Hier Encore) by Roy Clark (#95); and Funny Feeling by the Delfonics (#100). It's My Thing (You Can’t Tell Me Who to Sock it To) was an "answer" to It's Your Thing by the Isley Brothers, charting at #21.

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 Get Back--The Beatles with Billy Preston (2nd week at #1)
2 Gitarzan--Ray Stevens
3 The Boxer--Simon & Garfunkel
4 Hair--The Cowsills
5 Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)--The 5th Dimension
6 Medicine Man (Part I)--Buchanan Brothers
7 Love (Can Make You Happy)--Mercy
8 Hawaii 5-0--The Ventures
9 I'm a Drifter--Bobby Goldsboro
10 In the Ghetto--Elvis Presley
Pick hit of the week: Someday Man--The Monkees

Diplomacy
New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller drastically shortened his visit to Bolivia to avoid a violent political crisis as thousands of student demonstrators marched in La Paz to protest his presence.

Politics and government
Dr. Gustav Husak, the Czechoslovak Communist party leader, announced a purge of "opportunist elements." The victims included Professor Ota Sik, a former deputy premier and chief planner of the previous year’s tentative economic reform, and Dr. Frantisek Kriegel, former chairman of the National Front, who was also ousted from the party.

Ottawana
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau was among the dignitaries on hand to open the National Arts Centre.

Baseball
Al Ferrara drove in 4 runs with a pair of 2-run home runs to help the San Diego Padres defeat the Montreal Expos 6-2 before 20,667 fans at Jarry Park in Montreal, handing the Expos their 15tjh straight loss. Coco Laboy hit a 2-run homer in the 7th inning for the Expos against winning pitcher Joe Niekro, who pitched a 5-hitter. Steve Shea, the third of four Montreal pitchers, allowed 1 hit and 3 bases on balls, but no runs in 1 2/3 innings in the 40th and last game of his 2-year major league career.

The Detroit Tigers edged the Seattle Pilots 3-2 before 15,395 fans at Sick's Stadium in Seattle, as Detroit pitcher Joe Sparma came within 2 outs of a ho-hitter. Seattle first baseman Don Mincher doubled with one out in the 9th inning for the Pilots' only hit.

40 years ago
1979

At the movies
The Muppet Movie, produced by Jim Henson and directed by James Frawley, opened in theatres in the United Kingdom.

War
Two days of fighting in the Iranian port city of Khurramshahr between ethnic Arabs seeking autonomy and government forces concluded with about 100-200 killed and 600 wounded.

World events
Former Khmer Rouge foreign minister Ieng Sary called for a coalition with former foes to roll back the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia.

Aviation
An inspection of 37 DC-10s found "problems" in engine mounts similar to that thought responsible for the May 25 crash near Chicago that killed more than 270 people.

Baseball
Andre Dawson led off the bottom of the 1st inning with a double, advanced to third base on a sacrifice bunt by Rodney Scott, and scored on a sacrifice fly to center field by Warren Cromartie for the game's only run as the Montreal Expos completed a three-game sweep of the Philadelphia Phillies, all by shutouts, with a 1-0 win before 22,388 fans at Olympic Stadium in Montreal. Scott Sanderson pitched a 6-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Larry Christenson, who allowed 2 hits in 7 innings.

The Los Angeles Dodgers outslugged the San Francisco Giants 12-10 before 36,288 fans at Dodger Stadium, with the teams combining for 33 hits and 5 errors.

Pat Underwood, making his major league debut, pitched 8 1/3 innings, allowing just 3 hits in outduelling his older brother Tom, as the Detroit Tigers edged the Toronto Blue Jays 1-0 before 12,423 fans at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto. The only run of the game came on a home run by Detroit right fielder Jerry Morales leading off the 8th inning.

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Minä olen muistanut--Kim Lönnholm (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Eternal Flame--Bangles

Died on this date
Owen Lattimore, 88. U.S. scholar. Mr. Lattimore was a specialist on China and central Asia, with his best-known book being The Inner Asian Frontiers of China (1940). He edited the journal Pacific Affairs from 1934-1942, and served during World War II as an adviser to the U.S. State Department and Chinese leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. In 1950, Mr. Lattimore was accused by U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy (Republican--Wisconsin) of being a Soviet spy, but investigators failed to prove the allegation, although Mr. Lattimore did express sympathy for the U.S.S.R. and Soviet dictator Josef Stalin. Charges of perjury against Mr. Lattimore were eventually dismissed, but his academic career in the United States was ended; he established the Department of Chinese Studies at the University of Leeds, heading the department from 1963-1970.

Diplomacy
U.S. President George Bush met with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in Bonn. The main objective of the visit was to ease tensions between the allies that had been exacerbated by the dispute over short-range U.S. missiles based in West Germany.

Politics and government
United States House of Representatives speaker Jim Wright announced his resignation as speaker and from the House. In a long, impassioned speech to the House, Mr. Wright defended himself against 69 charges brought against him in April by the House Ethics Committee, and urged an end to the "period of mindless cannibalism" that prevailed in the House.

Terrorism
Six members of the Peruvian guerrilla group Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement murdered eight transsexuals in Tarapoto.

Medicine
United States Surgeon General C. Everett Koop called for a major effort against alcohol and drunk driving. He urged the alcoholic beverage industry to stop sponsoring entertainment events and using celebrities in advertising, and he asked restaurants and bars to end "happy hours" and other similar promotions. Dr. Koop proposed an increase in excise taxes on alcoholic beverages and tougher enforcement of laws suspending licenses of drivers who had been drinking.

Economics and finance
The United States Commerce Department reported that the Index of Leading Economic Indicators had risen 0.8% in April.

Baseball
Cito Gaston was named manager of the Toronto Blue Jays on a permanent basis.

Deion Sanders threw out a baserunner, drove in a run, and ignited a 5-run 7th-inning rally with a single in his major league debut as the New York Yankees defeated the Seattle Mariners 9-5 before 22,946 fans at Yankee Stadium. Don Mattingly had 4 hits for the Yankees, and his 2-run home run in the 8th inning finished the Yankees' scoring.

Rick Cerone singled home Ellis Burks with 2 out in the bottom of the 10th inning to climax a 2-run rally as the Boston Red Sox beat the Oakland Athletics 4-3 before 33,510 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. Dave Parker had led off the top of the 10th to give Oakland a 3-2 lead.

25 years ago
1994

Defense
The United States announced that it was no longer aiming long-range nuclear missiles at targets in the former Soviet Union.

Politics and government
J.E.N. Wiebe was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Finals
Vancouver 3 @ New York Rangers 2 (OT) (Vancouver led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Greg Adams scored with 32 seconds remaining in the 1st overtime period--just after New York defenseman Brian Leetch's shot had hit the crossbar of the Vancouver goal--to give the Canucks the win over the Rangers at Madison Square Garden. The Rangers led 2-1 until Martin Gelinas scored the tying goal with 1 minute remaining in regulation time.



20 years ago
1999

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference Finals
Buffalo 4 Toronto 2

Basketball
NBA
Western Conference Finals
San Antonio 86 Portland 85

Baseball
Juan Gonzalez singled home Tom Goodwin with 1 out in the bottom of the 10th inning to give the Texas Rangers a 4-3 win over the Kansas City Royals before 28,962 fans at the Ballpark in Arlington. The Rangers had tied the game on a 3-run home run by Lee Stevens with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th.

The Seattle Mariners hit 4 home runs as they defeated the Baltimore Orioles 10-6 before 23,100 fans at the Kingdome in Seattle. The home runs gave the Mariners a total of 58 for May, tying the major league record for homers in a month.

Matt Stairs hit a 3-run home run with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Oakland Athletics a 10-7 win over the Tampa Bay Devil Rays before 10,444 fans at Network Associates Coliseum in Oakland.

The St. Louis Cardinals defeated the Florida Marlins 5-2 before 21,943 fans at Pro Player Stadium in Miami. With St. Louis leading 4-1 in the 5th inning‚ Florida left fielder Cliff Floyd doubled off the scoreboard. When Florida argued that the ball cleared the wall‚ the umpires changed the call and ruled the hit a home run. The Cardinals then protested and the game was delayed for 5 minutes while umpires Frank Pulli and Greg Bonin studied replays of the hit on videotape. The call was eventually reversed and ruled a double. The Marlins played the game under protest‚ as there was no mention of replay in the rule books.

Kelly Stinnett hit a 2-run home run and pinch hitter Greg Colbrunn added a solo homer as the Arizona Diamondbacks scored 3 runs in the top of the 10th inning to break a 5-5 tie and defeat the Montreal Expos 8-5 before 5,048 fans at Olympic Stadium in Montreal. The Expos had tied the game on a 3-run homer by Orlando Cabrera with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
George Tiller, 67. U.S. abortionist. Dr. Tiller took over his father's abortion practice in Wichita Kansas in the early 1970s, and performed late-term abortions at Women's Health Care Services, and was acquitted in March 2009 of 19 misdemeanor charges of violating Kansas law restricting such practices. Dr. Tiller was serving as an usher at Reformation Lutheran Church in Wichita when he was shot to death by anti-abortion and anti-government zealot Scott Roeder, who was subsequently sentenced to life in prison.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Finals
Pittsburgh 1 @ Detroit 3 (Detroit led best-of-seven series 2-0)

February 1, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Snejka!

220 years ago
1799

Canadiana
Royal Assent was given to change the name of Île St- Jean to Prince Edward Island.

170 years ago
1849

Law
The Amnesty Act came into effect, granting full immunity to participants in the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837-1838 who had fled the Canadas. Upper Canada Rebellion leader William Lyon Mackenzie returned to Toronto from the United States that day, and told a Toronto newspaper that he was a reformed man, that "American democracy as it presented itself in the form of political corruption, crass materialism and human slavery, filled his soul with righteous indignation. He was convinced that the vaunted liberty of the United States was merely a sham; that neither the grandiloquent principles of the Declaration of Independence, nor the unctuous guarantees of the American Constitution assured to the private citizen the same measure of civil and political freedom as was enjoyed by the humblest Canadian subject under the British Constitution." In 1851, Mr. Mackenzie was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Canada.

160 years ago
1859

Born on this date
Victor Herbert. U.K.-born U.S. composer. Mr. Herbert, born Victor Muspratt in Guernsey, moved to the United States in 1886. He was a cellist who turned to composing and conducting. Mr. Herbert wrote various works for cello, piano, and orchestra, but was best known for operettas such as Babes in Toyland (1903) and Naughty Marietta (1910). He died of a heart attack on May 26, 1924 at the age of 65, shortly after his last show, The Dream Girl, began its pre-Broadway run in Connecticut.

125 years ago
1894

Born on this date
James P. Johnson. U.S. musician and composer. Mr. Johnson was a pioneering stride jazz pianist in New York who bridged the ragtime and jazz eras. He composed in various genres, but was best known for writing songs such as Charleston and I Could Be With You (One Hour Tonight). Mr. Johnson died on November 17, 1955 at the age of 61, four years after suffering a paralyzing stroke; he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970, and the Downbeat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1973.

John Ford. U.S. film director. Mr. Ford, born John Feeney, was primarily known for directing westerns. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for The Informer (1935); The Grapes of Wrath (1940); How Green was My Valley (1941); and The Quiet Man (1952). Mr. Ford died on August 31,1973 at the age of 79 after years of declining health.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Roger Birkman. U.S. psychologist. Dr. Birkman was an organizational psychologist who created the Birkman Method, a personality assessment aimed at enhancing performance. He died in his sleep on March 26, 2014 at the age of 95.

75 years ago
1944

Died on this date
Piet Mondrian, 71. Dutch artist. Mr. Mondrian was known for a style of painting that he termed neoplasticism--a white ground, upon which was painted a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the three primary colors. He eventually settled in New York City, where he died of pneumonia.

Raymond Clapper, 51. U.S. journalist. Mr. Clapper was a political reporter with several newspapers, as well as with United Press, and eventually Scripps-Howard Newspapers. He also appeared on radio, first with the National Broadcasting Company and then with the Mutual Broadcasting System. Mr. Clapper was covering the U.S. invasion of the Marshall Islands when the plane in which he was an observer collided with another plane; both planes crashed into a lagoon, leaving no survivors.

War
Soviet units took the communications centre of Kingisepp, eight miles east of the Estonian frontier. Allied troops in Italy north and west of Cassino breached the German Gustav line over several miles, while American forces pushed to within a mile of Cassino from the rear. Chinese troops captured the village of Taihpa Ga in the Hukawng Valley of northern Burma.

Business
The New York Times announced that it had made an arrangement to buy, subsequent to Federal Communications Commission approval, the Interstate Broadcasting Company in New York, which operated radio station WQXR.

Disasters
An earthquake destroyed most of Gerede, Turkey and caused heavy damage elsewhere in the Ankara area.

70 years ago
1949

Died on this date
Herbert Stothart, 63. U.S. conductor and composer. Mr. Stothart was a composer of film scores who was nominated for Academy Awards 12 times from 1935-1945, winning the Oscar for The Wizard of Oz (1939). He died of cancer.

War
King Abdullah of Transjordan agreed to join the Israeli-Egyptian armistice conference on Rhodes.

Acting Nationalist Chinese President Li Tsung-jen named an eight-man civilian delegation to arrange for an official peace conference in Peking.

Philippine security forces reported the capture of the Sierra Madre headquarters of the Hukbalahap guerrillas in central Luzon.

Defense
In a diplomatic note to the U.S.S.R., Norway announced that she must seek the protection of the projected North Atlantic security alliance, following the breakdown of Scandinavian regional defense negotiations.

World events
The Israeli cabinet announced plans to incorporate the new city of Jerusalem into Israel despite United Nations efforts to make Jerusalem an international city.

Crime
A British military court in Dusseldorf sentenced Communist leader Max Reimann to three months in prison for encouraging Germans to ostracize those cooperating with the Western Allies.

Society
The U.S. Displaced Persons Commission issued its first semi-annual report, complaining that restrictive provisions of the 1948 immigration law had severely hampered its ability to bring refugees into the United States. The report urged the elimination of provisions of the law discriminating against Jews and Catholics.

Economics and finance
New York Governor Thomas Dewey submitted a record state budget of $936.2 million for fiscal 1949-50, to be financed in part by a two-thirds increase in the state income tax.

Sport
World and Olympic figure skating champion Barbara Ann Scott was named the winner of the Lou Marsh Memorial Trophy as Canada's outstanding athlete of 1948.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Come Prima--Dalida (3rd week at #1)

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Total Loss, starring Nancy Olson and Ralph Meeker

Died on this date
Madame Sul-Te-Wan, 85. U.S. actress. Madame Sul-Te-Wan, born Nellie Crawford, was the first Negro actress to sign a film contract and be a featured performer. She was a character actress who appeared, often uncredited, in movies from the silent era into the 1950s; her films included The Birth of a Nation (1915); King Kong (1933); Maid of Salem (1937); and Carmen Jones (1954). Madame Sul-Te-Wan died of a stroke.

Willie Hoppe, 71. U.S. billiards player. Mr. Hoppe won 51 world titles in carom billiards from 1906-1952. He was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame in 1966.

Music
The Winter Dance Party tour, featuring Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and the Big Bopper, continued with performances in Appleton, Wisconsin, and at the Riverside Ballroom in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

World events
The Moroccan High Court in Rabat sentenced to death former Governor Addi ou Bihi and three other leaders of an abortive 1957 plot against the government.

Agriculture
The Hungarian government ordered a speedup in agricultural collectivization.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Eloise--Barry Ryan (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Biplane Evermore--The Royal Guardsmen (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France: Casatchok--Dimitri Dourakine and his Orchestra (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Scende la pioggia--Gianni Morandi (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Eloise--Barry Ryan (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Lonely Woods of Upton--Sean Dunphy

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Albatross--Fleetwood Mac

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Ain't Got No--I Got Life--Nina Simone (2nd week at #1)
2 Hair--Zen
3 I Started a Joke--The Bee Gees
4 Albatross--Fleetwood Mac
5 Lily the Pink--The Scaffold
6 Kiele, Kiele, Kiele...--Toon Hermans en De Driedonken Blaaskapel
7 Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da--The Beatles
8 Antoinette--Leo Den Hop
9 Lea--The Cats
10 Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da--The Marmalade

Singles entering the chart were Atlantis by Donovan (#22); Hey Jude by Wilson Pickett (#26); 't Saunabad by Tony Bass (#34); Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells (#35); and Maybe Tomorrow by the Iveys (#37).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Crimson and Clover--Tommy James and the Shondells
2 Everyday People--Sly & the Family Stone
3 Worst that Could Happen--Brooklyn Bridge
4 Touch Me--The Doors
5 I Heard it Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye
6 I'm Gonna Make You Love Me--Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations
7 I Started a Joke--The Bee Gees
8 Hooked on a Feeling--B.J. Thomas
9 Soulful Strut--Young-Holt Unlimited
10 Build Me Up Buttercup--The Foundations

Singles entering the chart were Soul Shake by Peggy Scott and Jo Jo Benson (#46); Good Lovin' Ain't Easy to Come By by Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell (#69); 30-60-90 by Willie Mitchell (#74); Dizzy by Tommy Roe (#86); Grits Ain't Groceries (All Around the World) by Little Milton (#89); Woman Helping Man by the Vogues (#90); This Girl's in Love with You by Dionne Warwick (#92); Do Your Thing by the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band (#95); My Special Prayer by Percy Sledge (#96); Someday Soon by Judy Collins (#97); Saturday Night at the World by Mason Williams (#99); and Cloud Nine by Mongo Santamaria (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Crimson and Clover--Tommy James and the Shondells
2 Touch Me--The Doors
3 I'm Gonna Make You Love Me--Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations
4 I Heard it Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye
5 Everyday People--Sly & the Family Stone
6 Worst that Could Happen--Brooklyn Bridge
7 I Started a Joke--The Bee Gees
8 Hooked on a Feeling--B.J. Thomas
9 If I Can Dream--Elvis Presley
10 You Showed Me--The Turtles

Singles entering the chart were This Girl's in Love with You by Dionne Warwick (#70); To Susan on the West Coast Waiting by Donovan (#71); Good Lovin' Ain't Easy to Come By by Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell (#72); Great Balls of Fire by Tiny Tim (#85); Purple Haze by Dion (#88); Traces by Classics IV (#89); She's Not There by the Road (#93); Johnny One Time by Brenda Lee (#96); The Carroll County Accident by Porter Wagoner (#99); and Sophisticated Cissy by the Meters (#100). To Susan on the West Coast Waiting was the other side of Atlantis.

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 Crimson and Clover--Tommy James and the Shondells (3rd week at #1)
2 Build Me Up Buttercup--The Foundations
3 Twilight Woman--The 49th Parallel
4 Sweet Cream Ladies--The Box Tops
5 This Magic Moment--Jay and the Americans
6 Baby Let's Wait--The Royal Guardsmen
7 Touch Me--The Doors
8 Beyond the Clouds--The Poppy Family
9 I'm Gonna Make You Love Me--Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations
10 Son-of-a Preacher Man--Dusty Springfield
Pick hit of the week: Cruel War--Sugar n' Spice

World events
The International Committee of the Red Cross resumed relief flights to Biafra's starving refugees from Cotonou, Dahomey, following negotiations which had begun several weeks earlier when Equatorial Guinea banned all flights from the island of Fernando Po.

Protest
Northern Ireland Protestant leader Rev. Ian Paisley led a protest demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Terence O'Neill.

40 years ago
1979

On television tonight
Family, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Sleeping Over

Died on this date
Abdi İpekçi, 49. Turkish journalist. Mr. İpekçi joined the newspaper Milliyet in 1954, becoming editor-in-chief in 1959. He supported the separation of religon and state; human rights for various minorities in Turkey; and dialogue and conciliation with Greece. Mr. İpekçi was driving home from his office in Istanbul when he was murdered by Oral Çelik and Mehmet Ali Ağca, members of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves organization. Two years later, Mr. Ağca attempted to assassinate Pope John Paul II.

Ottawana
The National Capital Commission opened the first Winterlude, developed by NCC head Douglas Fullerton, and featuring a skateway along the Rideau Canal.

World events
Shi'ite Muslim leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran after 15 years in exile, saying that he wanted to establish an Islamic republic, replacing the monarchy and the three-week-old civilian government of Prime Minister Shahpur Bakhtiar, and threatening to arrest Mr. Bakhtiar if he didn't resign. While the army put on a show of force in Tehran in Mr. Bakhtiar's support, he said that he would not let Iran "be governed by any force other than the legitimate authority."

Defense
Officials with the U.S. administration of President Jimmy Carter reported that the U.S.S.R. had begun to test their own version of the long-range cruise missile, with a range of 1,500 miles, but not as accurate as the American version.

Diplomacy
Chinese Deputy Premier Deng Xiaoping continued his visit to the United States, beginning five days of visits to Atlanta, Houston, and Seattle.

Religion
Pope John Paul II concluded his Latin American visit with a visit to the Bahamas before returning to Rome.

Crime
Almost five years after being kidnapped from her apartment in Berkeley, California, U.S. newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was released from a federal prison under an executive clemency order from President Jimmy Carter after serving 22 months of a 7-year sentence for bank robbery. The clemency order imposed parole conditions on Miss Hearst.

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Good Life--Inner City (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Bring Me Edelweiss--Edelweiss (2nd week at #1)

Austria's top 10 (Ö3)
1 First Time--Robin Beck
2 Twist in My Sobriety--Tanita Tikaram
3 Stop!--Sam Brown
4 Kiss--The Art of Noise featuring Tom Jones
5 Bring Me Edelweiss--Edelweiss
6 Don't Worry Be Happy--Bobby McFerrin
7 Tango Korrupti--Rainhard Fendrich
8 Never Trust a Stranger--Kim Wilde
9 Put a Little Love in Your Heart--Annie Lennox and Al Green
10 Orinoco Flow--Enya

Singles entering the chart were Twist in My Sobriety; Put a Little Love in Your Heart; Big Fun by Inner City (#17); Smooth Criminal by Michael Jackson (#23); and Y tu by Peter Kent and Luisa Fernandez (#27).

On television tonight
The Wonder Years, on ABC
Tonight's episode: Pottery Will Get You Nowhere

Died on this date
Elaine de Kooning, 70. U.S. artist. Mrs. de Kooning was married to artist Willem de Kooning, and became an abstract expressionist and figurative expressionist painter herself, but was perhaps better known for writing and teaching about art in the post-World War II period.

Politics and government
Former U.S. Senator John Tower, President George Bush's nominee to be Secretary of Defense, told the Senate Armed Services Committee that he did not have a drinking problem.

Economics and finance
The United States Commerce Department reported that the index of leading economic indicators had risen 0.6% in December 1988.

25 years ago
1994

Crime
Jeff Gillooly, ex-husband of U.S. women's figure skating champion Tonya Harding, pled guilty in Multnomah County Circuit Court in Portland, Oregon to a charge of racketeering in the January 6 assault on Nancy Kerrigan, the defending champion, who was forced to withdraw from the 1994 championships after being clubbed on the leg after a practice. Mr. Gillooly testified that Ms. Harding had helped to plan the assault.

Business
There were angry clashes in the British House of Commons over the sale of Rover, the U.K.'s last major auto manufacturer, to the German firm BMW.

20 years ago
1999

Scandal
Former White House intern Monica Lewinsky gave a vidotaped deposition for U.S. Senators weighing impeachment charges against President Bill Clinton.

10 years ago
2009

Politics and government
The first cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was formed in Iceland, making her the country's first female Prime Minister and the world's first openly lesbian or sodomite head of government.

Football
NFL
Super Bowl XLIII @ Raymond James Stadium, Tampa
Pittsburgh 27 Arizona 23

Ben Roethlisberger's 6-yard touchdown pass to Santonio Holmes with 35 seconds remaining in regulation time, converted by Jeff Reed, gave the Steelers their then-record sixth Super Bowl championship, defeating the Cardinals before 70,774 fans. The Steelers led 20-7 after 3 quarters, aided by James Harrison's Super Bowl-record 100-yard interception return for a touchdown on the last play of the 1st half. With 7:33 remaining in the 4th quarter, Kurt Warner completed a 1-yard touchdown pass to Larry Fitzgerald, and Neil Rackers' convert reduced the Cardinals' deficit to 20-14. Arizona was awarded a safety touch with 2:58 remaining when Pittsburgh offensive tackle Justin Hartwig was penalized for holding in his own end zone. The Cardinals took possession on the subsequent Pittsburgh free kick, and two plays later, Mr. Warner completed a 64-yard TD pass to Mr. Fitzgerald, and Mr. Rackers. convert gave Arizona a 23-20 lead with 2:37 remaining. In the game's final seconds, Mr. Warner marched the Cardinals to the Pittsburgh 44-yard line, but fumbled when sacked by defensive end Brett Keisel, and the Steelers recovered with 5 seconds left.

January 3, 2019

270 years ago
1749

Journalism
The first issue of Berlingske, Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, was published in Copenhagen.

Americana
Benning Wentworth issued the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont.

170 years ago
1849

Torontonia
The Royal Lyceum Theatre opened, seating 700.

130 years ago
1889

Born on this date
Iris Calderhead. U.S. suffragist. Miss Calderhead was an English teacher who was an organizer in the National Woman's Party, advocating for women's suffrage in the United States until it was granted in 1920. Miss Calderhead advocated for women's suffrage within the League of Nations in the early 1930s. She died on March 6, 1966 at the age of 77.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Victor Borge. Danish-born U.S. musician and comedian. Mr. Borge, born Børge Rosenbaum, began his career as a concert pianist in his native Denmark. He was performing in Sweden when German forces occupied Denmark in 1940, and managed to escape to Finland and then to the United States. He was famous for mixing music and comedy into his performances, and continued performing until his death on December 23, 2000, 11 days before his 92nd birthday.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Dorothy Morrison!. The U.S. actress appeared in several Our Gang short films during the silent era.

Herbie Nichols. U.S. musician. Mr. Nichols was a jazz pianist who was best known for his instrumental composition Serenade, which became, with lyrics added, the song Lady Sings the Blues. Mr. Nichols died of leukemia on April 12, 1963 at the age of 44.

War
Soviet forces captured the only working railway connection to the Latvian capital of Riga.

Diplomacy
At the Paris Peace Conference, Emir Faisal I of Iraq signed an agreement with Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann on the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East.

80 years ago
1939

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Bobby Hull! The Hockey Hall of Famer was born in Pointe Anne, Ontario.

Politics and government
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, running unopposed, was re-elected President of El Salvador, while his National Pro Patria Party won all 42 seats in the Constitution Assembly.

75 years ago
1944

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Incredible Mystery of Mr. James Phillimore

War
In their second attack within 24 hours, U.K. planes dropped 1,100 tons of bombs on Berlin, reporting that the Chancellery building had been virtually destroyed. British troops in Italy improved their positions along the Adriatic coast and linked the cities of Villa Grande and Miglianico. Advance units of the Soviet Red Army west of Kiev reached the od Polish border after capturing Olevsk. U.S. planes completed two days of raids on the Burmese oil centre of Yenagyaung, dropping more than 130 tons of bombs.

Diplomacy
The Argentine Foreign Office announced the recognition of the revolutionary government of Bolivia.

Defense
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a draftee who objected to his classification must report for duty before taking court action.

Crime
A U.S. federal grand jury in Washington indicted 30 people on charges of attempting to incite mutiny in the armed forces and set up a Nazi republic in the United States.

Americana
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt deeded his Hyde Park, New York home and 30 acres of land to the U.S. government as a national historic site, retaining the rite of occupancy during the lifetimes of his immediate family.

Scandal
U.S. Rep. James Curley (Democrat--Massachusetts) and five associates of the Engineers' Group Inc. were indicted by a U.S. federal grand jury in Washington for fraud.

Labour
U.S. President Roosevelt named Walter Stacy as chairman of a committee to study alleged racial discrimination against Negroes by Southern railroads and three unions.

Disasters
Unexplained internal explosions sank the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Turner in New York Bay, with 15 officers and 123 men killed, and 163 survivors rescued.

70 years ago
1949

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring John Stanley and George Spelvin (Wendell Holmes), on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Malicious Moor

The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis, on MBS

Literature
Cheaper by the Dozen by Frank Gilbreth and Ernestine Carey was published by Crowell.

War
Egypt accepted the United Nations Security Council's cease-fire demand as Israeli forces advanced into the Egyptian Sinai desert.

Politics and government
The 81st United States Congress convened, as Representative Sam Rayburn (Democrat--Texas) was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives and John McCormack (Democrat--Massachusetts) was elected House majority leader. Senator Robert Taft (Republican--Ohio) defeated a moderate Republican challenge to his leadership of the Senate Republican Policy Committee. House supporters of the administration of President Harry Truman gained passage of a measure curbing the power of the House Rules Committee to block legislation.

Economics and finance
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, was established.

U.S.S.R. authorities in Germany enacted a two-year economic plan aimed at achieving 81% of the Soviet zone's 1936 production.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of states to ban the closed shop, in decisions sustaining the anti-closed shop laws of Nebraska, North Carolina, and Arizona.

Disasters
At least 51 people were killed and 275 inured when a tornado struck Warren, Arkansas.

A cold wave in Europe caused 39 deaths with high gales and floods.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Tom Dooley--The Kingston Trio (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Io--Domenico Modugno (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): La Paloma--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): It's Only Make Believe--Conway Twitty (2nd week at #1)

U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Chipmunk Song--The Chipmunks with David Seville (3rd week at #1)
2 Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters
3 Tom Dooley--The Kingston Trio
4 To Know Him, is to Love Him--The Teddy Bears
5 One Night--Elvis Presley
6 Beep Beep--The Playmates
7 My Happiness--Connie Francis
8 Problems--The Everly Brothers
9 Lonesome Town--Ricky Nelson
10 Gotta Travel On--Billy Grammer

Singles entering the chart were The Girl on Page 44 by the Four Lads (#74); Wiggle, Wiggle by the Accents (#79); Tall Paul by Annette with the Afterbeats (#80); I'm a Man by Fabian (#85); Trust in Me by Patti Page (#86); I've Had It by the Bell Notes (#89); The Land of You and Me by the Four Esquires (#92); The Little Space Girl by Jesse Lee Turner (#97); O' Falling Star by the Four Knights (#99); and Song from "Some Came Running" (To Love and Be Loved) by Frank Sinatra (#100). As the title indicates, Song from "Some Came Running" (To Love and Be Loved) was from the movie Some Came Running (1958), in which Mr. Sinatra co-starred.

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Gulbahar!

Americana
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a proclamation admitting Alaska to the Union as the 49th state.



Asiatica
Maldivian separatists declared the independence of the United Suvadive Republic.

Diplomacy
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Ghanaian Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah issued a joint statement in New Delhi expressing hope that African nationalists would seek independence "through constructive and peaceful methods."

Economics and finance
The U.S.S.R. and Indonesia signed an agreement in Jakarta providing $85 million in Soviet aid for construction of Indonesian projects.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Shame, Shame--Magic Lanterns
2 Son-of-a Preacher Man--Dusty Springfield
3 I Love How You Love Me--Bobby Vinton
4 I Heard it Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye
5 Stormy--Classics IV
6 Going Up the Country--Canned Heat
7 If I Can Dream--Elvis Presley
8 Wichita Lineman--Glen Campbell
9 King Size--Jayson Hoover
10 See Saw--Aretha Franklin

Singles entering the chart were Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells (#22); Stand by Your Man by Tammy Wynette (#23); I Started a Joke by the Bee Gees (#24); She's a Lady by John Sebastian (#26); Star Crossed Lovers by Neil Sedaka (#27); Hey Jude by Wilson Pickett (#28); I'm Gonna Make You Love Me by Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations (#29); and Rainbow Ride by Andy Kim (#30).

Edmonton's top 10 (CJCA)
1 Abraham, Martin and John--Dion (4th week at #1)
2 Wichita Lineman--Glen Campbell
3 Cinnamon--Derek
4 Sunday Sun--Neil Diamond
5 Little Arrows--Leapy Lee
6 Love Child--Diana Ross and the Supremes
7 Hey Jude--The Beatles
8 Son-of-a Preacher Man--Dusty Springfield
9 If I Can Dream--Elvis Presley
10 Going Up the Country--Canned Heat

Died on this date
Tzavalas Karousos, 64. French actor. Mr. Karousos appeared in numerous plays and films in a career spanning more than 35 years; his movies included Antigone (1961). Mr. Karousos died in exile in Paris, where he had gone after the Greek military coup of 1967.

Howard McNear, 63. U.S. actor. Mr. McNear was a character actor who appeared in numerous radio programs, movies, and television programs. He played Sanderson Taylor in the radio program The Casebook of Gregory Hood (1946) and played Doc Adams in the radio version of Gunsmoke (1952-1961), but was best known for playing Floyd Lawson, the barber in the television comedy series The Andy Griffith Show (1961-1967). Mr. McNear suffered a disabling stroke during the series' run, but returned to the program, with accommodations made for his disability. He had another stroke, and died 24 days before his 64th birthday.

Politics and government
Senator Ted Kennedy (Democrat--Massachusetts defeated Sen. Russell Long (Democrat--Louisiana) for the position of Senate majority whip as the 91st United States Congress convened its first session.

Ottawana
The Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton was set up by the government of Ontario.

Disasters
Officials in Rio de Janeiro reported 25 deaths, mostly children, from a heat wave.

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Y.M.C.A.--Village People

Died on this date
Conrad Hilton, 91. U.S. hotelier. Mr. Hilton founded Hilton Hotels & Resorts when he bought the Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas in 1919. The first hotel to bear his name was the Dallas Hilton, which Mr. Hilton bought in 1925.

Religion
California state officials raided Ambassador College in Pasadena and put the Worldwide Church of God into receivership, much to the displeasure of the church's founder and leader, Herbert W. Armstrong. The raid took place just six weeks after the Jonestown, Guyana mass suicide, which put alternative religious groups (popularly known as "cults") under closer scrutiny.

Hockey
NHL
New York Rangers 6 Montreal 2
Atlanta 4 Toronto 1
Vancouver 5 Pittsburgh 3

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Germany (Media Control): I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That--Meat Loaf (7th week at #1)

Africana
More than seven million people from the former Apartheid Homelands received South African citizenship.

20 years ago
1999

Space
The United States launched the Mars Polar Lander.

World events
Israeli authorities arrested members of the American group Concerned Christians, and had them deported. The Israelis were themselves concerned that the American organization, 60-80 of whom had disappeared from their homes and jobs in Colorado in October 1998, were planning to blow up the Al-Aqsa mosque on Jerusalem's Temple Mount in order to pave the way for the rebuilding of the Temple in fulfillment of biblical prophecy.

Football
NFL
AFC Wild Card Playoff
New England 10 @ Jacksonville 25

Fred Taylor rushed for 162 yards and a touchdown, and Mike Hollis kicked 4 field goals and an extra point as the Jaguars beat the Patriots before 71,139 fans at Alltel Stadium.

NFC Wild Card Playoff
Green Bay 27 @ San Francisco 30

Steve Young completed a 25-yard touchdown pass to Terrell Owens with 3 seconds left in regulation time to give the 49ers their win over the Packers in an exciting game before 66,506 fans at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point. The final San Francisco drive was aided by a controversial call in which receiver Jerry Rice appeared to have fumbled, only to be ruled down by contact with the field; the National Football League didn't use video review until the following year.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Pat Hingle, 84. U.S. actor. Mr. Hingle was a character actor who appeared in numerous plays, movies, and television programs, often playing blustery authority figures. He died of cancer.

Olga San Juan, 81. U.S. actress. Miss San Juan, born in New York to Puerto Rican parents, appeared in several films from 1943-1960, and won a Donaldson Award for her debut performance in the Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon (1951). She died of kidney failure after a long illness.

War
After seven days of pummeling the Gaza Strip from the air, Israel launched a ground offensive.

Economics and finance
The Genesis block, the first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, was established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto.

Football
NFL
NFC Wild Card playoff
Atlanta 24 @ Arizona 30

Kurt Warner completed touchdown passes of 42 yards to Larry Fitzgerald and 71 yards to Anquan Boldin, and handed off to Tim Hightower for a 4-yard TD rush, while Antrel Rolle returned a fumble 27 yards for a touchdown, helping the Cardinals defeat the Falcons before 62,848 fans at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.

AFC Wild Card Playoff
Indianapolis 17 @ San Diego 23 (OT)

Darren Sproles rushed 22 yards for a touchdown at 8:40 of the 1st overtime period to give the Chargers their win over the Colts before 68,082 fans at Qualcomm Stadium. Mr. Sproles, who rushed 9 yards for a touchdown with 42 seconds remaining in the 1st half, amassed 328 all-purpose yards: 105 rushing; 45 receiving; 106 on kickoff returns; 72 on 3 punt returns.

August 2, 2018

230 years ago
1788

Died on this date
Thomas Gainsborough, 61. English painter. Mr. Gainsborough was known for his portraits and landscapes. His most famous painting was probably The Blue Boy (1770).

220 years ago
1798

War
The Battle of the Nile concluded in a British victory over French forces.

160 years ago
1858

Canadiana
The British Parliament passed an Act to provide for the Government of British Columbia, creating the separate Crown Colony of British Columbia ruled by Governor James Douglas. The resolution was published and proclaimed on November 3, 1858, with New Westminster named as the capital. The colony included the mainland (named New Caledonia by Simon Fraser) and the Queen Charlotte Islands; the Hudson's Bay Company monopoly in New Caledonia was cancelled. Mr. Douglas was simultaneously Governor of Vancouver Island, granted to the HBC in 1849 for colonization; the two jurisdictions united in 1866, and in 1868 the capital was moved to Victoria.

Politics and government
George Brown and Antoine Dorion were sworn into office as Premier and Deputy Premier of Canada, respectively, five days after John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier resigned as a result of their defeat on Mr. Brown's motion that Ottawa should not be the capital of Canada. The coalition of Mr. Brown's True Grits and Mr. Dorion's Parti Rouge became known as the "Short Ministry," as it lasted two days, the shortest Canadian Ministry on record.

The Government of India Act 1858 replaced Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.

150 years ago
1868

Born on this date
Constantine I. King of the Hellenes, 1913-1917, 1920-1922. Constantine I, the eldest son of King George I, was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the Greco-Turkish War in 1897 and during the Balkan Wars in 1912-1913. He acceded to the throne upon the assassination of his father, but abdicated and fled to Switzerland in 1917 and was replaced by his son Alexander I. When Alexander died suddenly in 1920, Constantine I regained the throne, but abdicated again in 1922, and died of heart failure on January 11, 1923 at the age of 54.

100 years ago
1918

Protest
Almost 20,000 rioters led by World War I army veterans started destroying over 20 Greek restaurants in Toronto after news that Greek waiters had expelled a crippled veteran from the White City Café the night before; the events were triggered by prejudice against new immigrants and the belief that Greeks were pro-German. Toronto Mayor Thomas Church invoked the Riot Act to call in the militia and military police; the rioting continued for three days, with over 150 hurt or hospitalized and 25 arrested, with 16 police officers injured, 10 seriously. The damage to Greek property amounted to over $1.25 million in today's currency.

Vancouver rioters staged a general strike to protest the July 27 killing by police of draft dodger Ginger Goodwin.

90 years ago
1928

Died on this date
Ludwig Lee. U.S. criminal. Mr. Lee, a janitor from Brooklyn, New York who had murdered and cut up Mrs. Selma Bennett and Miss Sarah Brownell, was executed at Sing Sing Prison in New York.

Discovered dead on this date
Barbara Mauger,19. U.S. woman. The bodies of Miss Mauger and her baby, who had vanished from Los Angeles in the fall of 1927, were found torn by wild beasts in Stone Canyon, near Hollywood, California.

Diplomacy
Italy and Abyssinia signed a treaty of arbitration and friendship.

75 years ago
1943

War
The U.S. Navy Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 was rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri off the Solomon Islands and sank. Lieutenant (and future U.S. President) John F. Kennedy saved all but two of his crew. Allied troops moved forward on all sectors of the 120-mile Sicilian front. Soviet Red Army forces advanced northwest and southwest of Orel, killing 1,600 German troops and occupying 70 villages, including Znamenskoye.

Aviation
U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Cass Hough, in 25,000-foot and 18,000-foot dives with Lightning and Thunderbolt fighters, travelled faster than the speed of sound, or more than 780 miles per hour.

Protest
An unsuccessful rebellion by prisoners took place in the Nazi death camp of Treblinka in Poland.

Five Negroes were killed, 500 were injured, and 500 jailed in 12 hours of rioting in Harlem, New York City, with damage and theft loss estimated at $5 million.

70 years ago
1948

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis, on MBS

Diplomacy
U.S., U.K., and French representatives met in Moscow with U.S.S.R. Premier Josef Stalin and Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov to discuss settlement of the Berlin situation. Mr. Stalin offered to lift the blockade in exchange for uniform use of Soviet-zone currency in Berlin.

U.S.S.R. Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Vishinski presented the Danube River Conference in Belgrade with the Soviet plan for control of traffic on the river, calling for the creation of a navigation commission representing Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, with Austria eventually to join.

Politics and government
Willem Huender took office as Governor of Dutch Guiana after a new constitution that reduced the Governor's powers in favour of an all-native legislature and cabinet.

The Communist Party USA opened its first national convention since 1945 in New York as party chairman William Z. Foster promised Communist support for the Progressive Party in the November 1948 elections.

Former Communist editor Louis Budenz testified before U.S. Senate Expenditures subcommittee, warning that "possibly thousands" of Communists had infiltrated the federal civil service, and urging Congress to outlaw the Communist Party.

Academia
An Oklahoma state court in Norman rejected an appeal by three Negro students for admission to the University of Oklahoma law school because the state maintained a separate Negro law school. Texas Attorney General Price Daniel ruled that the Texas State University for Negroes must reject white student Jack Coffman's application for admission because the state constitution required segregation of educational facilities.

Society
U.S. President Harry Truman appointed a three-man Displaced Persons Commission to supervise the admission of 205,000 European refugees to the United States.

Olympics
Fanny Blankers-Koen of the Netherlands, a 30-year-old mother of two, became an international women's pioneer by winning the women's 100- metre dash at the Summer Olympics in London in 11.9 seconds. It was the first of her four gold medals in the games: 100 metres; 80-metre hurdles; 200-metre dash; and 4 x 100-metre relay.

60 years ago
1958

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): The Purple People Eater--Sheb Wooley

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Sail Along Silvery Moon--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Hello, le soleil brille--Annie Cordy (21st week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): All I Have to Do is Dream/Claudette--The Everly Brothers (6th week at #1)

U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Patricia--Perez Prado and his Orchestra (2nd week at #1)
2 Poor Little Fool--Ricky Nelson
3 Splish Splash--Bobby Darin
4 Hard Headed Woman--Elvis Presley
5 Yakety-Yak--The Coasters
6 When--The Kalin Twins
7 Rebel Rouser--Duane Eddy and the Rebels
8 Fever--Peggy Lee
9 Left Right Out of Your Heart (Hi Lee Hi Lo Hi Lup Up Up)--Patti Page
10 One Summer Night--The Danleers

Singles entering the chart were Are You Really Mine by Jimmie Rodgers (#49); Stupid Cupid by Connie Francis (#53); Susie Darlin' by Robin Luke (#56); Lean Jean by Bill Haley and his Comets (#61); Beats There a Heart So True by Perry Como (#70); and Betty Lou Got a New Pair of Shoes by Bobby Freeman (#75).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 Splish Splash--Bobby Darin
2 Rebel Rouser--Duane Eddy and the Rebels
3 Poor Little Fool--Ricky Nelson
4 Yakety-Yak--The Coasters
5 When--The Kalin Twins
6 Left Right Out of Your Heart (Hi Lee Hi Lo Hi Lup Up Up)--Patti Page
7 If Dreams Come True--Pat Boone
8 Ginger Bread--Frankie Avalon
9 Patricia--Perez Prado and his Orchestra
10 Willie and the Hand Jive--Johnny Otis Show

The only single entering the chart was Just a Dream by Jimmy Clanton (#15).

Died on this date
Theophylactos Papathanasopoulos, 67. Greek-born Australian clergyman. Metropolitan Bishop Theophylactos led Greek Orthodox Churches in Australia and New Zealand from 1947 until his death, two days after being injured in a car accident. He was succeeded by Metropolitan Ezekiel.

Mrs. Santos Garcia, 50; Fortino Aguilar, 38; Christina Aguilar, 32. Mexican accident victims. Mr. Aguilar was a fruit picker working in California; he, his wife Christina, his mother-in-law Mrs. Garcia, and five of their six children drowned when the station wagon Mr. Aguilar was driving had faulty brakes and went off the end of a ferry at Princeton, California and flipped upside down. One child and one other person in the car survived.

Space
The U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council announced the formation of a 16-member Space Science Board to survey progress and problems raised by U.S. space research.

Diplomacy
The United States recognized the new Iraqi Republic, following Iraqi assurances that the new regime would be bound by the United Nations Charter and "its other international obligations."

Ottawana
Princess Margaret cut the ribbon to open Ottawa City Hall on Green Island at the mouth of the Rideau River.

Religion
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proclaimed October 1 as the National Day of Prayer.

50 years ago
1968

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Jumpin' Jack Flash--The Rolling Stones

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Hello, I Love You--The Doors
2 Classical Gas--Mason Williams
3 Tuesday Afternoon (Forever Afternoon)--The Moody Blues
4 Never Going Back--The Lovin' Spoonful
5 Light My Fire--Jose Feliciano
6 Born to Be Wild--Steppenwolf
7 Autumn of My Life--Bobby Goldsboro
8 D.W. Washburn--The Monkees
9 Don't Take it So Hard--Paul Revere and the Raiders
10 People Got to Be Free--The Rascals

Singles entering the chart were Mr. Bojangles by Jerry Jeff Walker (#25); Dreams of the Everyday Housewife, with versions by Wayne Newton, and Glen Campbell (#26); Down at Lulu's by Ohio Express (#27); Magic Bus by the Who (#28); The Snake by Al Wilson (#29); and Two-Bit Manchild by Neil Diamond (#30).

Disasters
An earthquake hit Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines, killing more than 270 people and injuring 261.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (1-1) 4 @ Toronto (1-0) 32

Wally Gabler played most of the game at quarterback for the Argonauts in their rout of the Eskimos before Tom Wilkinson completed 4 of 5 passes in leading them to a touchdown late in the game. It was Mr. Wilkinson's only action at quarterback in the entire season. Gordon Judges played for the Argonauts that night, the first game of a 14-year CFL career.

40 years ago
1978

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): You're the One that I Want--John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John (8th week at #1)

At the movies
Eyes of Laura Mars, directed by Irvin Kirshner and starring Faye Dunaway and Tommy Lee Jones, opened in theatres.

Interiors, written and directed by Woody Allen, and starring Diane Keaton, Mary Beth Hurt, and Kristin Griffith, opened in theatres.

Died on this date
Carlos Chávez, 79. Mexican composer and conductor. Mr. Chávez wrote six symphonies and numerous works for piano, as well as works in various styles during different periods of his life. He founded the Symphony Orchestra of Mexico in 1928.

Politics and government
U.S. Representative Philip Crane (Illinois) announced his candidacy for the 1980 Republican Party U.S. presidential nomination. He was known for his support of conservative causes and his opposition to the Panama Canal treaties.

Scandal
Leon Jaworski withdrew as a special counsel to the U.S. House of Representatives Ethics Committee investigating the South Korean influence-buying scandal. Mr. Jaworski explained that the committee could accomplish "nothing else" without the testimony of former South Korean Ambassador to the United States Kim Dong-Jo.

Environment
The New York State Health Commissioner declared a health emergency in the Love Canal area of Niagara Falls because chemical wastes dumped into canal landfill between 1947-1952 had leaked into back yards and basements, endangering the health of residents.

Football
CFL
Montreal (2-2) 11 @ Toronto (3-1) 16
Saskatchewan (0-3) 13 @ Winnipeg (1-2) 23

Dieter Brock completed touchdown passes of 69 yards to Richard Crump in the 1st quarter and 90 yards to Mike Holmes in the 2nd quarter to help the Blue Bombers defeat the Roughriders before 26,619 fans at Winnipeg Stadium. Ron Lancaster passed to Frank Russell for the Saskatchewan TD in the 3rd quarter.

30 years ago
1988

Died on this date
Raymond Carver, 50. U.S. writer. Mr. Carver was known for his short stories. He died of lung cancer.

Music
The soundtrack album from the movie Cocktail was released on Elektra Records. The album which included songs such as Kokomo by the Beach Boys, was much better than the movie.

Diplomacy
Talks between Angola and Namibia began in Geneva. The U.S.A., represented by Assistant Secretary of State Chester Crocker, acted as mediator. Interested parties included South Africa and Cuba, both of which had troops in Angola.

Labour
U.S. President Ronald Reagan said that he would neither sign nor veto a bill requiring companies to notify workers in advance of layoffs or factory closings, but would allow it to become law without his signature. He was reportedly under pressure from Vice President and presumptive Republican party presidential nominee George Bush and other Republicans not to veto the bill, which was strongly supported by American workers.

Economics and finance
The United States Commerce Department reported that the index of leading economic indicators had risen 1.4% in June.

Football
CFL
Toronto (3-1) 41 @ Ottawa (0-4) 7

The Rough Riders' loss to the Argonauts at Lansdowne Park was their first game under new head coach Bob Weber, who had replaced the fired Fred Glick.

25 years ago
1993

Hit parade
#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Mr. Vain--Culture Beat (7th week at #1)

Economics and finance
After heavy pressure from currency speculators, European Community officials scrapped the exchange rate mechanism designed to bring the currencies of EC member countries into a fiscal equilibrium and a single currency by 1999.

20 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Shari Lewis, 65. U.S. television hostess and puppeteer. Mrs. Lewis, born Phyllis Hurwitz, was known for creating characters such as Lamb Chop, Hush Puppy, and Charlie Horse. She hosted various television programs from 1953 until her death, and won 12 Emmy Awards. Mrs. Lewis died after a long battle with cancer.

10 years ago
2008

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (6-0) 22 @ Calgary (3-3) 21

April 14, 2018

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Laura O'Leary!

1,825 years ago
193

Politics and government
Septimius Severus was proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).

440 years ago
1578

Born on this date
Philip III/II. King of Spain, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia, 1598-1621. King Felipe III of Spain and Filipe II of Portugal acceded to his thrones upon the death of his father Philip I/II. Felipe III/Filipe II reigned when the Spanish Empire was at its height; he achieved temporary peace with the Dutch, and military success during the early years of the Thirty Years' War, but he was criticized for relying too much on chief minister Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma, and his kingdom was declared bankrupt in 1607. King Felipe III/Filipe II took ill after leaving Portugal in 1619, and never recovered. He died from a pulmonary embolism on March 31, 1621, two weeks before his 43rd birthday, as the result of prolonged immobilzation, and was succeeded by his son Felpe IV/Filipe III.

190 years ago
1828

Literature
Noah Webster copyrighted the first edition of his dictionary.

Disasters
The 18-gun sloop Acorn sank off Halifax, with the loss of 115 men.

125 years ago
1893

Born on this date
Ben Tincup. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Tincup, a member of the Cherokee Nation, played with the Philadelphia Phillies (1914-1915, 1918) and Chicago Cubs (1928), compiling a record of 8-11 with an earned run average of 3.10 in 48 games. He played 24 seasons in the minor leagues from 1912-1942, winning at least 250 games and losing at least 195. Mr. Tincup played 13 seasons (1919-1931) with the Louisville Colonels of the AA American Association. He was an umpire in the American Association (1933); manager in the minor leagues (1937-1938); coach with the Brooklyn Dodgers (1940); scout with the Boston Braves (1946-1948), Pittsburgh Pirates (1949-1953), and Philadelphia Phillies (1956-1958); and a coach with the New York Yankees (1960-1961). Mr. Tincup died on July 5, 1980 at the age of 87.

90 years ago
1928

Aviation
Flying from Athens to Le Bourget Field with only one stop at Marseilles to recharge their gas tanks, Dieudonne Costes and Joseph Lebrix came home to Paris from their world tour to receive a reception second only to that accorded to Charles Lindbergh the previous year. The trip began on October 10, 1927 when the two flyers departed for Senegal in their 600-horsepower Breguet.

Adventure
A Danish Boy Scout named Fallenhull, an apprentice at the General Motors plant, who was sent around the world by the newspaper Pohtiken, returned to Copenhagen after a 44-day journey through Great Britain, Canada, Japan, Manchuria, Siberia, Russia, Poland, and Germany.

Ottawana
Fire destroyed Ottawa's historic Russell House Hotel, which had closed in 1925 after being eclipsed by the Chateau Laurier. Canadian Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier lived there for ten years, and Governor General Lord Stanley offered a trophy to the top Canadian hockey team in its dining room. The government of Canada expropriated the site and used the land to expand Elgin Street and create Confederation Square.

Disasters
Earthquakes rocked southern Bulgaria from the Black Sea to Philippopolis, killing 20 and destroying 3,000 houses in Cirpan and elsewhere.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Finals
New York Rangers 2 @ Montreal Maroons 1 (New York won best-of-five series 3-2)

Frank Boucher's second goal of the game, with 4:44 remaining in regulation time, gave the Rangers a 2-0 lead and proved to be the winner as they won their first Stanley Cup championship. Merlyn Phillips scored with 3:44 remaining to make the score 2-1. With the Rangers leading 1-0, a Maroons’ goal was disallowed as offside by referee Mike Rodden. The Montreal crowd exploded in wrath against Mr. Rodden, and then against National Hockey League president Frank Calder, who had approved Mr. Rodden as referee. Mr. Calder had to lock himself in an office after the game while police held off the fans. Hockey was great in those days.

75 years ago
1943

Hit parade
Variety reported the most popular songs in the U.S.A. as:

1 I've Heard that Song Before
2 That Old Black Magic
3 Don't Get Around Much Anymore

War
U.S. Office of War Information Director Elmer Davis said in Washington that 35 psychological warfare experiments were in North Africa directing propaganda at enemy troops and populations behind the lines. British troops in Tunisa took Djebel el Ang and Heidous, 26 miles west of Tunis, while French forces took Djebel Sefsouf.

Diplomacy
German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler and Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu conferred at Mr. Hitler's headquarters on "Eastern European" problems.

Labour
The U.S. War Manpower Commission said that it would meet the need for 6.4 million workers in 1943 by drafting two million women; calling older workers from retirement; and shifting three million others from non-essential jobs.

70 years ago
1948

Literature
Former U.S. Secretary of War and Secretary of State Henry Stimson's memoir On Active Service was published in New York by Harper.

Diplomacy
Following the Colombian government's imposition of martial law in order to suppress violent protests, the International Conference of American States resumed in a school building on the outskirts of Bogota.

Law
The British House of Commons passed a bill eliminating the death penalty in murder cases for a trial period of five years.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman urged Congress to appropriate $4.2 billion for the first year of the European Recovery Program, with Economic Cooperation Administrator Paul Hoffman authorized an additional $16.9 million in emergency aid.

Scandal
The U.S. Senate War Investigating Committee issued its final report on World War II military aircraft purchases, charging that Howard Hughes had maintained an "obviously corrupt" association with General Bennett Meyers, wartime assistant head of Air Force procurement.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Finals
Toronto 7 @ Detroit 2 (Toronto won best-of-seven series 4-0)

Ted Kennedy and Harry Watson each scored 2 goals for the Maple Leafs as they completed the sweep of the Red Wings at Olympia Stadium to win their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship. Mr. Watson's first goal, at 11:13 of the 1st period, made the score 3-0 and proved to be the Cup-winning goal. Toronto captain Syl Apps scored his 4th goal of the playoffs at 4:26 of the 2nd period to make the score 4-1; Mr. Apps announced his retirement after the game, ending his 10-year Hall of Fame National Hockey League career.

60 years ago
1958

Hit parade
#1 singles in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Tequila--The Champs (Best Seller--5th week at #1; Top 100--5th week at #1); He's Got the Whole World (In His Hands)--Laurie London (Disc Jockey--1st week at #1)

Died on this date
Red Smyth, 67. U.S. baseball player. James Daniel Smyth was an outfielder with the Brooklyn Robins (1915-1917) and St. Louis Cardinals (1917-1918), batting .191 with no home runs and 12 runs batted in in 128 games. He played at least 7 seasons in the minor leagues from 1912-1919, with a recorded batting average of .307 with 13 home runs in 713 games.

John Freeman, 57. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Freeman was an outfielder who played 4 games with the Boston Red Sox in 1927, batting 0 for 2, with no fielding chances. He played 36 games with the Atlanta Crackers of the Class A Southern Association in 1927, batting .246 with no home runs.

Space
The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 fell from Earth orbit and disintegrated in the atmosphere after a mission duration of 162 days. This was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a female dog named Laika, who likely lived only a few hours.

Crime
Uganda National Congress Chairman Joseph Kiwanuka was sentenced to 5 1/2 years in prison for bribing a bus driver to assassinate King Mutesa II, the Kabaka of Buganda, and four other Ugandan tribal and political leaders.

Defense
The Japanese government informed the United States that increased Japanese naval forces would require the use of Japanese naval bases now run by the U.S. Navy.

Politics and government
Mississippi Governor J.P. Coleman vetoed a bill to keep Negroes from voting by giving a court-appointed registrar control of voter registration.

Labour
Polish Communist Party First Secretary Wladyslaw Gomulka ordered factory workers' councils brought under party control and banned industrial strikes.

Baseball
The Baltimore Orioles released pitcher Art Houtteman, and he was promptly signed by the Detroit Tigers. He began the 1957 season with the Cleveland Indians, posting a record of 0-0 with an earned run average of 6.75 in 3 games before joining the Orioles, where he was 0-0 with a 16.71 ERA in 5 games.

Pedro Ramos pitched a 5-hit complete game and added 2 hits, a run, and a run batted in to lead the Washington Senators over the Boston Red Sox 5-2 before 26,675 fans at Griffith Stadium in Washington in the major league regular season opener. It was the first major league game for Washington center fielder Albie Pearson, who batted 0 for 3 with a base on balls and made 2 putouts. Jackie Jensen hit a 2-run home run in the 3rd inning to give the Red Sox an early lead, while Jim Lemon hit a solo homer to get the Senators on the scoreboard in the 4th.

50 years ago
1968

Died on this date
Al Benton, 57. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Benton played with the Philadelphia Athletics (1934-1935); Detroit Tigers (1938-1942, 1945-1948); Cleveland Indians (1949-1950); and Boston Red Sox (1952), compiling a record of 98-88 with an earned run average of 3.66 in 455 games. He led the American League in 1940 with 17 saves, and was second in the AL in ERA in 1941 (2.97) and 1945 (2.02). He helped the Tigers win the World Series in 1945, posting a 0-0 record with a 1.93 ERA in 3 games. Mr. Benton was killed in an explosion at a motel in Lynnwood, California.

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched the satellite Cosmos 212.

War
North Korean soldiers ambushed a U.S. Army truck 1,000 yards below the demilitarized zone, killing two American and two South Korean soldiers, and wounding two American soldiers.

Protest
A student rally in West Berlin ended in violent clashes between police and protesters. Students blocked the city's main thoroughfare, the Kurfurstendamm, in protest at the April 11 shooting of one of their leaders, Rudi Dutschke. Mr. Dutschke was shot three times outside the offices of the German Socialist Students Federation (SDS), and was still in serious condition in hospital. Students chanted Mr. Dutschke's name interspersed with shouts of "Murderer Springer"--a reference to millionaire publisher Axel Springer. Students blamed Mr. Springer's papers for inflaming public opinion against them and said that the man who shot Mr. Dutschke was influenced by views expressed in a Springer publication.

Golf
Bob Goalby won the Masters at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia with an 11-under-par score of 277, 1 stroke ahead of Roberto DeVicenzo. Mr. DeVicenzo, who had apparently shot a 7-under-par 65 in the final round, actually shot the same total as Mr. Goalby, but on the 17th hole of the final round, his playing partner Tommy Aaron erroneously marked a par score of 4 on Mr. DeVicenzo's scorecard instead of the birdie 3 that he had actually shot. Mr. DeVicenzo failed to notice the error and signed the scorecard after the round; according to the rules, he was required to accept the higher score for the hole. The debacle inspired Mr. DeVicenzo to come up with one of the year’s most memorable quotes: "What a stupid I am!" First prize money was $20,000.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Quarter-Finals
Chicago 2 @ New York 1 (Chicago led best-of-seven series 3-2)

Rookie Bobby Schmautz scored the winning goal on a 90-foot shot as the Black Hawks edged the Rangers at Madison Square Garden.

CPHL
Adams Cup
Semi-Finals
Tulsa 6 @ Oklahoma City 4 (Tulsa won best-of-seven series 4-3)

Basketball
NBA
Eastern Division Finals
Philadelphia 110 @ Boston 105 (Philadelphia led best-of-seven series 3-1)

ABA
Eastern Division Finals
Minnesota 105 @ Pitsburgh 114 (Pittsburgh won best-of-seven series 4-1)

Baseball
Nolan Ryan allowed 3 hits in 6 2/3 scoreless innings and struck out 8 batters to get his first major league win as the New York Mets shut out the Houston Astros 4-0 before 15,290 fans at the Astrodome. Houston second baseman Joe Morgan suffered a serious knee injury when hit by New York's Tommie Agee on a play at second base, and played only 5 more games in the next month before missing the rest of the season.

Ernie Banks' 3-run home run climaxed a 4-run 1st inning for the Chicago Cubs as they overcame a 3-run deficit and edged the St. Louis Cardinals 7-6 before 8,343 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Roger Maris hit a 3-run homer for the Cardinals in the top of the 1st and added a solo homer in the 8th. Mike Shannon hit a 2-run home run for St. Louis in the 4th. Hal Gilson made his major league debut on the mound for St. Louis, allowing 1 hit in pitching 2 scoreless innings to finish the game.

Jim Bunning pitched a 5-hitter for his first win in a Pittsburgh uniform to win the pitchers' duel over Claude Osteen as the Pirates shut out the Los Angeles Dodgers 3-0 before 27,136 fans at Dodger Stadium. Donn Clendenon doubled home 2 runs in the 1st inning, and Gene Alley homered in the 3rd. Jim Fairey made his major league debut in left field for Los Angeles, batting 0 for 4 and making 1 putout.

Every man in the San Francisco starting lineup had at least 1 hit as the Giants routed the Philadelphia Phillies 13-2 in the first game of a doubleheader before 18,314 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Willie Mays led the 20-hit Giant attack with a home run, 3 singles, 2 runs, and 4 runs batted in; Jesus Alou added 2 doubles, a single, a run, and 3 RBIS, while Jim Ray Hart homered and singled, with 2 runs and 3 RBIs, and Willie McCovey had a double and 2 singles, with 3 runs and a run batted in. The Giants broke the game open with 8 runs in the 5th inning. Mr. Hart accounted for all the San Francisco scoring in the 2nd game with a solo home run and a 2-run homer as the Giants completed the sweep with a 3-1 win. Ray Sadecki pitched a 6-hit complete game with 10 strikeouts to win the pitchers' duel over Chris Short.

Harmon Killebrew tripled home 2 runs as part of a 4-run 4th inning for the Minnesota Twins as they withstood a 3-run 9th-inning rally to defeat the New York Yankees 4-3 before 12,410 fans at Yankee Stadium. Dean Chance allowed 5 hits and 3 runs--2 earned--in 8 1/3 innings to get the win. The Yankees had runners on second and third bases with 1 out in the 9th when Bobby Cox made his major league debut as a pinch hitter, striking out. Ruben Amaro then came to bat and grounded into a force play at third to end the game. New York center fielder Joe Pepitone suffered a hairline fracture of his elbow making a throw in the 4th inning.

Ron Hansen doubled home 3 runs in the 4th inning, singled home another run in the 6th, and scored on Billy Bryan's subsequent 3-run home run as the Washington Senators beat the Oakland Athletics 8-1 before 7,276 fans at District of Columbia Stadium. Frank Howard hit a solo home run for the Senators in the 8th.

Bill Freehan singled home Dick McAuliffe with the bases loaded and none out in the bottom of the 10th inning to give the Detroit Tigers a 5-4 win over the Chicago White Sox before 8,744 fans at Tiger Stadium. Tommy Davis and Buddy Bradford hit home runs for the White Sox.

40 years ago
1978

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): It's a Heartache--Bonnie Tyler (6th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Das Lied der Schlümpfe--Vader Abraham & Die Schlümpfe (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France: Magnolias Forever--Claude François (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Joe Gordon, 63. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Gordon was the starting second baseman for the New York Yankees from 1938-1943 and 1946. He played exactly 1,000 games for the Yankees, and had exactly 1,000 hits as a Yankee. Mr. Gordon was voted the Most Valuable Player in the American League in 1942, when he was fourth in the league in batting average (.322), and fourth in runs batted in (103). He finished his career with the Cleveland Indians from 1947-1950. Mr. Gordon played in 6 World Series, and played for the winning team in 5 of them (New York Yankees, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1943; Cleveland Indians, 1948). He had the superstition of never using the same bat twice in a row, even if he'd just hit a home run. Mr. Gordon was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009.

War
Israeli troops continued their withdrawal from Lebanon, and Nepalese UNIFIL troops replaced them in one area.

Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance and British Foreign Secretary David Owen met in Tanzania with Rhodesian Patriotic Front guerrilla leaders and with British and United Nations officials who would administer Rhodesia during a period of transition to black rule under the Anglo-American plan. Mr. Vance and Mr. Owen also met in Tanzania with leaders of Tanzania, Angola, Botswana, Zambia, and Nigeria. Patriotic Front leaders Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe accepted the Anglo-American invitation to an all-party conference but only on the condition that they be given the dominant role in the transitional government.

Politics and government
In Salisbury, Rhodesia, an 18-member Council of Ministers was sworn in. The Council was composed of 9 ministries, each headed jointly by one black minister, and one white.

Protest
Thousands of Georgians demonstrated in Tbilisi against Soviet attempts to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language.

Hockey
WHA
Avco World Trophy
Quarter-Finals
Edmonton 4 @ New England 6 (New England led best-of-seven series 1-0)
Birmingham 3 @ Winnipeg 9 (Winnipeg led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Basketball
NBA
Playoffs
Eastern Conference
First Round
Cleveland 107 @ New York 109 (New York won best-of-three series 2-0)
Washington 107 @ Atlanta 103 (Washington won best-of-three series 2-0)

Western Conference
First Round
Phoenix 90 @ Milwaukee 94 (Milwaukee won best-of-three series 2-0)
Seattle 99 @ Los Angeles 105 (Best-of-three series tied 1-1)

30 years ago
1988

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Together Forever--Rick Astley (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): On kesäyö/Viimeinen laulu--Topi Sorsakoski & J. Karjalainen (2nd week at #1)

Politics and government
According to an article in The New York Times, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sought and won a vote of confidence from the Politburo after facing an apparent challenge from Yegor Ligachev, the second-ranking member of the Kremlin hierarchy. Mr. Ligachev had reportedly praised a newspaper article a month earlier that had rejected Mr. Gorbachev’s reforms.

Diplomacy
Pakistan and Afghanistan signed agreements in Geneva providing for the withdrawal of Soviet troops, the establishment of a non-aligned Afghan state, and repatriation of millions of Afghan refugees, most of them living in Pakistan. The United States and Soviet Union agreed to refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of Afghanistan and Pakistan. However, the agreement did not include a cease-fire, and leaders of the Afghan resistance said they fight on to overthrow the Soviet-backed government. In a separate understanding, the United States and U.S.S.R. reserved the right to supply arms to their Afghan allies if the other side continued to do so. The Soviet withdrawal was to take place between May 15, 1988 and February 15, 1989.

Defense
The U.S. frigate USS Samuel B. Roberts hit an underwater mine in the Persian Gulf during Operation Earnest Will, the protection of Kuwaiti-owned oil tankers from Iranian attacks. Ten sailors were injured, and the frigate was towed to Dubai for repairs.

Economics and finance
The United States Commerce Department reported that the deficit in merchandise trade had increased from $12.44 billion in January to $13.83 billion in February.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Prince of Wales Conference
Division Semi-Finals
Montreal 2 @ Hartford 1 (Montreal won best-of-seven series 4-2)
Boston 5 @ Buffalo 2 (Boston won best-of-seven series 4-2)
New York Islanders 5 @ New Jersey 6 (New Jersey won best-of-seven series 4-2)
Washington 7 @ Philadelphia 2 (Best-of-seven series tied 3-3)

Clarence S. Campbell Conference
Division Semi-Finals
Detroit 5 @ Toronto 3 (Detroit won best-of-seven series 4-2)

The Devils, leading 6-1 with 12 1/2 minutes remaining in the 3rd period, withstood a 4-goal rally to eliminate the Islanders at Brendan Byrne Arena.

25 years ago
1993

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): No Limit--2 Unlimited (8th week at #1)

Society
A new study found that 1% of men were homosexual, as opposed to the 10% figure reported by Alfred Kinsey in 1948.

20 years ago
1998

Died on this date
Maurice Stans, 90. U.S. politician. Mr. Stans was Director of the Bureau of the Budget (1958-1961) under President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of Commerce (1969-1972) in the administration of President Richard Nixon. He was very successful at raising money for Mr. Nixon’s re-election campaign in 1972; the $61 million he raised in donations helped to fund the Watergate "dirty tricks." Mr. Stans eventually pled guilty to five counts of violating campaign finance laws. He later raised $30 million in donations for the Nixon library. Mr. Stans died of congestive heart failure, 23 days after his 90th birthday.

Angel Francisco Breard, 32. Paraguayan criminal. Mr. Breard, convicted in 1992 of the attempted rape and capital murder of Ruth Dickie, was executed by lethal injection in Virginia despite pleas for clemency from the International Court of Justice and the Paraguayan government. The U.S. Supreme Court denied clemency.

Law
In a ruling that was seen as a setback to affirmative action, a U.S. appeals court voided a government program that required radio and television stations to seek minority job applicants.

10 years ago
2008

Died on this date
Tommy Holmes, 91. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Holmes was an outfielder with the Boston Braves (1942-1951) and Brooklyn Dodgers (1952), batting .302 with 88 home runs and 581 runs batted in in 1,320 games. His best season was 1945, when he was second in the National League in batting average (.345), and led the NL in hits (224), home runs (28), and doubles (47). Mr. Holmes might have been the most popular player the Boston Braves ever had, and he managed them in 1951-1952, compiling a record of 61-69.

Curling
Canada (Kevin Martin) won the gold medal at the World Men's Championship in Grand Forks, North Dakota.

Hockey
NHL
Stanley Cup
Eastern Conference
Quarter-Finals
Pittsburgh 4 @ Ottawa 1 (Pittsburgh led best-of-seven series 3-0)

Western Conference
Quarter-Finals
Detroit 3 @ Nashville 5 (Detroit led best-of-seven series 2-1)
Minnesota 3 @ Colorado 2 (OT) (Minnesota led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Pierre-Marc Bouchard scored at 11:58 of the 1st overtime period to give the Wild their win over the Avalanche at Pepsi Center in Denver.