January 27, 2011

700 years ago
1311

Died on this date
Külüg Khan (Wuzong), 29. Khagan of the Mongol Empire; Emperor of China, 1307-1311. Külüg Khan, known as Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan dynasty in China, was born Khayishan, and acceded to the throne following the death of his uncle Temür Khan, who left no heir. Külüg Khan's title as Great Khan was only nominal because of the division of the Mongol Empire at the time. He died suddenly, and was succeeded by his younger brother Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan.

440 years ago
1571

Born on this date
Abbas I. Shah of Persia, 1588-1629. Abbas "the Great" acceded to the throne when his father Mohammad Khodabanda was deposed. Abbas I was the fifth Shah of the Safavid dynasty, and is regarded as one of Persia's greatest rulers. He incorporated foreign slave-soldiers into the military and civil service, which helped him to record military victories over Ottoman and Uzbek forces, regaining provinces that had been lost in wars. Shah Abbas moved the Persian capital from Qazvin to Isfahan. He was generally tolerant of Christianity, and initiated diplomatic contacts with Europe in order to help defeat the Ottomans. Shah Abbas eventually became suspicious of his three surviving sons, and had them either executed or blinded. After a brief illness, Shah Abbas I died on January 19, 1629, eight days before his 58th birthday, and was succeeded by his grandson Safi.

160 years ago
1851

Died on this date
John James Audubon, 65. Haitian-born U.S. naturalist and artist. Mr. Audubon, born Jean-Jacques Rabin, was raised in France, and emigrated to the United States in 1803, anglicizing his name. He became famous for his paintings and drawings of North American birds, which were published in series as The Birds of America (1827-1838). Mr. Audubon co-authored the influential book Ornithological Biographies (1827-1839). Mr. Audubon's final work dealt with mammals; he co-authored The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (1845–1849). He died after suffering from what may have been Alzheimer's disease. Mr. Audubon has been accused of plagiarism and fraud, and recent research has tended to support the accusations. The National Audubon Society was founded in 1905 after several similar organizations had been named after Mr. Audubon; the NAS is devoted to conservation, although Mr. Audubon wasn't a conservationist, but shot and posed the birds that he painted.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Willy Fritsch. German actor. Mr. Fritsch was a leading man and character actor in more than 120 movies from 1921-1964. He mainly appeared in comic roles, but also appeared in dramas such as Spione (Spies) (1928) and Frau im Mond (Woman in the Moon) (1929). Mr. Fritsch died of a heart attack on July 13, 1973 at the age of 72.

Art Rooney. U.S. football executive. Mr. Rooney played minor league baseball in the 1920s and founded the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National Football League in 1933, renaming them the Steelers in 1941. It took Mr. Rooney's team more than four decades to win a championship, but they won four Super Bowls in six years from 1975-1980. Mr. Rooney was inducted into the Professional Football Hall of Fame in 1964, and died on August 25, 1988 at the age of 87.

Died on this date
Giuseppe Verdi, 87. Italian composer. Mr. Verdi, whose name translates into English as "Joe Green," was one of the most prominent opera composers in the 19th century. His operas included Rigoletto (1851); La Traviata (1853); Aida (1871); Otello (1887); and Falstaff (1893).

90 years ago
1921

Died on this date
Maurice Buckley, 29. Australian soldier. Sergeant Buckley was a private when he served with the Imperial Australian Army in Egypt in 1915, but he contracted a venereal disease and was sent home. He escaped from a medical detention facility, and was declared a deserter. Using the name Gerald Sexton, he re-enlisted and was sent to France early in 1917. Sgt. Buckley, still using his assumed name, earned the Victoria Cross for his actions on Septembe 18, 1918, when, facing machine-gun fire, he rushed enemy posts, captured enemy guns, and took 30 German prisoners. He disclosed his true identity before receiving the VC from King George V in May 1919, and was discharged that December. Sgt. Buckley died 12 days after suffering severe injuries in a riding accident, when he tried to jump his horse over a railway gate.

70 years ago
1941

War
Japanese Prime Minister Prince Fuminaro Konoye told the Diet that there was no sign of a solution to the conflict in China.

Politics and government
Vichy French Prime Minister Marshal Philippe Petain promulgated a new law requiring all Vichy ministers and high officials to personally swear allegiance to him in his presence.

A communique from Rome reported that Italian Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciano had returned to active military service.

The United States Senate confirmed the appointment of Frank Walker as Postmaster General.

Diplomacy
Wendell Willkie, 1940 Republican Party candidate for President of the United States, visited British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in London.

A regional conference on the River Plate opened in Montevideo.

Defense
The United States Senate passed without dissent a House of Representatives-approved $300-million appropriation to modernize Navy ships against air attack.

Science
Dr. Alex Hardlisha of the Smithsonian Institution claimed that larger and broader skulls, lower cheekbones, and dark hair were the physical characteristics that distinguished the nation's "best minds."

Business
U.S. Attorney General William F. Smith filed a civil antitrust action in Trenton, New Jersey against General Electric, Westinghouse Electric, and 10 other concerns on charges of monopolizing the electric light bulb industry.

60 years ago
1951

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Bewitched--Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra; Doris Day

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): The Tennessee Waltz--Patti Page (Best Seller--5th week at #1; Disc Jockey--4th week at #1; Jukebox--4th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Tennessee Waltz--Patti Page (5th week at #1)
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Les Paul and Mary Ford
--Jo Stafford
2 My Heart Cries for You--Guy Mitchell
--Dinah Shore
--Vic Damone
--Jimmy Wakely
3 The Thing--Phil Harris
4 A Bushel and a Peck--Perry Como and Betty Hutton
--Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
5 Harbor Lights--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Ray Anthony and his Orchestra
--Bing Crosby
6 Thinking of You--Don Cherry
--Eddie Fisher
7 Nevertheless (I’m in Love with You)--Paul Weston and his Orchestra
--The Mills Brothers
--Ralph Flanagan and his Orchestra
--Ray Anthony and his Orchestra
8 Oh, Babe!--Kay Starr
--Louis Prima and Keely Smith
9 All My Love (Bolero)--Patti Page
--Percy Faith and his Orchestra
--Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians
--Bing Crosby
10 You’re Just in Love--Perry Como

Singles entering the chart were Zing Zing - Zoom Zoom by Perry Como (#27); Tell Me Tonight by Tony Martin (#32); Get Out Those Old Records by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (#33); Hot Rod Race, with versions by Tiny Hill and his Orchestra; and Red Foley (#37); and The One Rose by Eddy Howard (#40). Zing Zing--Zoom Zoom was the B-side of If, charting at #14. The One Rose was the B-side of To Think You've Chosen Me, charting at #13.

Died on this date
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, 83. State Regent of Finland, 1918-1919; President of Finland, 1944-1946. Baron Mannerheim was a career officer in the Imperial Russian Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant general, but after Finland declared her independence following the Bolshevik revolution in 1917, he commanded the anti-Bolshevik Whites against the pro-Bolshevik Reds in the Finnish Civil War (1918), and served as Regent until a constitution went into effect. Baron Mannerheim was Commander-in-Chief of Finnish Defense Forces from 1939-1945, leading his country against the U.S.S.R. in the Winter War (1939-1940) and Continuation War (1941-1944). He then served as President of Finland until resigning because of ill health, which continued until his death in Lausanne, Switzerland from a bowel obstruction. Baron Mannerheim was regarded as the father of modern Finland, and a poll in 2004 named him the greatest Finn.

Diplomacy
East Germany and Poland signed a boundary treaty in Frankfurt-on-the-Oder confirming the transfer of the Oder-Neisse territory to Poland.

Defense
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission began Operation Ranger, setting off the first in a series of atomic explosions at an Air Force testing range in Nevada.

Crime
U.S. federal agents in New York, Boston, and Miami arrested five suspects as key figures in a huge international diamond and gold smuggling ring.

Communications
Canada's Post Office Department announced that, commencing April 1, 1951, home mail deliveries would be reduced to once per day.

Economics and finance
New York Stock Exchange prices soared in reaction to the wage-price freeze, but futures trading in cotton, wool, and other commodities was suspended pending clarification of the freeze order.

The U.S. National Production Authority issued orders designed to cut non-defense use of tin by one-third.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CBS
Tonight’s episode: The Invaders, starring Agnes Moorehead

Jerry Goldsmith’s score for this episode was released in 1983 on the album The Twilight Zone: The Original Television Scores, Volume I. This episode of The Twilight Zone bore no relation to the later series of the same name.

Terrorism
The United States Navy assured Hector Galvao, leader of a band of pirates who were holding almost 1,000 people hostage aboard the Portuguese cruise ship Santa Maria in the Atlantic Ocean, that it would take no action against him and his men if they debarked the ship’s passengers.

Transportation
Montréal started to build Le Métro subway, at an estimated cost of $300 million; the government of Québec agreed to help with financing.

Disasters
The Soviet submarine S-80 sank when its snorkel malfunctioned, flooding the sub. All 68 men aboard perished, but their fate remained unknown until 1968, when the wreckage was discovered by a salvage ship.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison

Died on this date
Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán, 57. President of Guatemala, 1951-1954. Mr. Árbenz was Guatemala's Defense Minister from 1944-1951 before being elected President. His Marxist views and agrarian reforms threatened the finaincial interests of the United Fruit Company, and the U.S. government and Central Intelligence Agency engineered a coup that toppled Mr. Árbenz and replaced him with a military junta led by Colonel Carlos Castillo. Mr. Árbenz died in his bathtub in exile in Mexico.

30 years ago
1981

Diplomacy
Delegates to a 37-nation conference of Islamic countries at Taif, Saudi Arabia approved a resolution calling for immediate withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

Disasters
An Indonesian passenger ship caught fire in a storm and sank in the Java Sea; 87 were killed, and little hope was held out for the rescue of the 287 people listed as missing.

25 years ago
1986

War
The day after capturing the Ugandan capital of Kampala, the National Resistance Army captured Jinja, the nation’s second largest city, in their civil war against government troops. General Tito Okello, who had unseated Milton Obote as President in August 1985, fled to Sudan.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Do the Bartman--The Simpsons

#1 single in Switzerland: Sadeness Part I--Enigma (7th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Sadeness Part I--Enigma (8th week at #1)
2 Keep on Running--Milli Vanilli
3 Unchained Melody--The Righteous Brothers
4 Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice
5 Fantasy--Black Box
6 I'll Be Your Baby Tonight--Robert Palmer and UB40
7 To Love Somebody--Jimmy Somerville
8 Hello Afrika--Dr. Alban featuring Leila K.
9 Crazy for You--David Hasselhoff
10 The Joker--Steve Miller Band

Singles entering the chart were How I Miss You So by P.M. Sampson (#26); and Let's Swing Again by Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers (#27).

Died on this date
Dale Long, 64. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Long was a first baseman with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1951, 1955-1957); St. Louis Browns (1951); Chicago Cubs (1957-1959); San Francisco Giants (1960); New York Yankees (1960, 1962-1963); and Washington Senators (1961-1962), batting .267 with 132 home runs and 467 runs batted in in 1,013 games. His best season was 1956, when he hit .263 with 27 homers and 91 RBIs. From May 19-28, 1956, Mr. Long homered in 8 straight games, setting a major league record, tied by Don Mattingly of the New York Yankees in 1987 and Ken Griffey, Jr. of the Seattle Mariners in 1993. Mr. Long was with the Yankees when they won the World Series in 1962.

War
In an attempt to stop the flow of oil in to the Persian Gulf, the United States bombed installations that controlled the flow of oil from storage facilities.

Football
NFL
Super Bowl XXV @ Tampa Stadium
New York Giants 20 Buffalo 19

Buffalo’s Scott Norwood missed a 47-yard field goal attempt with 4 seconds remaining in regulation time that would have given the Bills their first Super Bowl win.



10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Pedro Carrasco, 57. Spanish boxer. Mr. Carrasco was a lightweight who compiled a record of 105-3-2 in a professional career from 1962-1972. He won the World Boxing Council world lightweight title from Mando Ramos in November 1971 when he was knocked down by a blow to the head, and referee Samuel Obudate ruled the blow illegal and disqualified Mr. Ramos. Mr. Ramos regained the title in a split decision three months later, and won another split decision over Mr. Carrasco four months after that. Mr. Carrasco won two fights later in 1972 before retiring. He died of a heart attack.

Catherine MacLean. Canadian crime victim. Ms. MacLean was walking along a sidewalk in Ottawa when she was struck by a car driven by Russian diplomat Andrey Knyazev, who was drunk. Mr. Knyazev claimed diplomatic immunity, but returned to Moscow, where the Russians said he would face charges under their legal system.

Abominations
A 17-year-old girl was given 180 lashes for having premarital sex, even though she testified that her father had forced her to have sex with three of his friends. She had given birth to a girl three weeks before the flogging. She had married in an attempt to avoid the punishment, but a judge ruled that her current marital status was immaterial.

Politics and government
Lorne Calvert was elected leader of the provincial New Democratic Party in Saskatchewan, meaning that he would also become Premier, succeeding the retiring Roy Romanow.

January 26, 2011

480 years ago
1531

Disasters
The 6.4–7.1 Mw Lisbon earthquake killed about 30,000 people.

170 years ago
1841

Britannica
Captain James Bremer took formal possession of Hong Kong Island at what is now Possession Point, establishing British Hong Kong.

150 years ago
1861

Americana
Louisiana became the sixth state to secede from the Union.

120 years ago
1891

Born on this date
August Froehlich. German clergyman. Rev. Froehlich was a Roman Catholic priest who spoke out publicly against treatment by the Nazi regime of Polish forced labourers. Rev. Froehlich was arrested in July 1941 and served time in three concentration camps before dying on June 22, 1942 at the age of 51.

Frank Costello. Italian-born U.S. gangster. Mr. Costello, known as the "Prime Minister of the Underworld," headed the Luciano crime family, one of the biggest in the United States. Mr. Costello became a celebrity in 1951 when he testified before the U.S. Senate hearings on organized crime headed by Senator Estes Kefauver. Mr. Costello agreed to testify, while his face not be shown on television. The camera showed close-ups of Mr. Costello's hands as he gave his testimony. He died on February 18, 1973 at the age of 82.

Wilder Penfield. U.S.-born Canadian physician. Dr. Penfield, a native of Spokane, Washington, trained in the United States before moving to Montreal, where he became the city's first neurosurgeon. He was a pioneer in brain surgery, including mapping functions of various regions of the brain. Dr. Penfield died on April 5, 1976 at the age of 85.

Died on this date
Nicolaus Otto, 58. German engineer. Mr. Otto developed the internal combustion engine in the 1860s and '70s, obtaining a patent, obtaining a patent in 1876.

100 years ago
1911

Born on this date
Norbert Schultze. German composer. Mr. Schultze wrote operas and film scores, but was best known for writing the music for the song Lili Marleen. He joined the Nazi Party in 1940 in order to avoid conscription, and composed the score for the film Kolberg (1945). Mr. Schultze died on October 14, 2002 at the age of 81.

80 years ago
1931

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Greek Interpreter

70 years ago
1941

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Hound of the Baskervilles, Part 3

Diplomacy
Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka accused U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull of distorting the truth about the "Manchurian Affair," which he blamed on "Anglo-Saxon interference in the Far East."

Politics and government
The India League, meeting in London, delcared that British rule had "ruined" India.

Protest
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples sponsored meetings in 23 American states to protest employment discrimination against Negroes in defense plants.

60 years ago
1951

On the radio
Hear it Now, hosted by Edward R. Murrow, on CBS

Tonight's program included news about the debate over whether U.S. President Harry Truman had the right to send troops to Europe without the approval of Congress.

War
The U.S. 8th Army reoccupied Suwon, 16 miles south of Seoul, in a "limited objective" drive aimed at probing Chinese Communist positions.

World events
The French Interior Ministry directed police to shut down the Paris headquarters of three Communist-led international organizations: World Federation of Trade Unions; International Federation of Democratic Women; and World Federation of Democratic Youth.

Politics and government
Senator Joseph McCarthy (Republican--Wisconsin) replaced Sen. Margaret Chase Smith (Republican--Maine) on the investigating subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Executive Expenditures Committee.

Journalism
La Prensa, the leading Buenos Aires newspaper critical of the Argentine regime of President Juan Peron, halted publication when the pro-government News Vendors Union refused to handle its deliveries.

Religion
Temple Beth Israel in Meridian, Mississippi became the first Jewish congregation to call a woman to exercise a rabbi's functions.

Economics and finance
U.S. Price Stabilization Agency Director Michael DiSalle and Wage Stabilization Board Chairman Cyrus Ching ordered a temporary freeze of most wages and prices in the U.S. economy.

Baseball
Mel Ott and Jimmie Foxx were announced as the Baseball Writers Assocation of America's latest choices for the Baseball Hall of Fame. Mr. Ott played right field for the New York Giants (1926-1947), batting. 304 with 511 home runs and 1,860 runs batted in in 2,730 games, leading the National League in home runs six times; bases on balls six times; on base percentage four times; runs twice; slugging once; runs batted in once; and games played once. He played in three World Series, batting .295 with 4 homers and 10 RBIs in 10 W.S. games. Mr. Foxx began as a catcher, ended as a pitcher, but spent most of his career at first base with the Philadelphia Athletics (1925-1935); Boston Red Sox (1936-1942); Chicago Cubs (1943-1944); and Philadelphia Blue Jays (1945), batting .325 with 534 home runs and 1,932 runs batted in in 2,317 games, leading the American League in slugging five times; home runs four times; runs batted in three times; on base percentage three times; bases on balls twice; runs once; and games once, winning the Triple Crown in 1933. Mr. Foxx was a three-time Most Valuable Player, and played in three World Series, batting .344 with 4 homers and 11 RBIs in 18 games. He was 1-0 with an earned run average of 1.52 in 10 games as a pitcher.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade): Poetry In Motion--Johnny Tillotson

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley

On television tonight
The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Organization

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Wayne Gretzky! "The Great One" was born in Brantford, Ontario.

Terrorism
As pirates led by former Portuguese army captain Hector Galvao held almost 1,000 passengers and crew aboard the Portuguese cruise ship Santa Maria hostage in the Atlantic Ocean, the United States Navy agreed to a request by Mr. Galvao for a conference aboard the Santa Maria, but the Navy asked that the ship put in at a Latin American port to discharge passengers. Mr. Galvao said that he would not dock anywhere until he received the status of a "belligerent."

Politics and government
John F. Kennedy appointed Dr. Janet G. Travell to be the first woman Physician to the President.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Kvällstoppen): Candida--Dawn (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (2nd week at #1)

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Koi wa Do!--Toshihiko Tahara

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Perdóname--Camilo Sesto

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Super Trouper--ABBA (3rd week at #1)

Diplomacy
United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim urged the delegates to a 37-nation conference of Islamic countries in Taif, Saudi Arabia to help the UN mediate the war between Iran and Iraq.

Law
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that states were free to permit criminal trials to be televised. The justices felt that television did not violate a defendant’s right to a fair trial, even when the subject objected to the cameras. The ruling still left open the right of appeal on the grounds that the trial was unfair or the jurors biased by a particular type of news coverage. At the time of the decision, 27 states had permitted some form of televised court proceedings--21 of them in criminal trials--but 10 of the 21 required the consent of the defendant.

Scandal
Former U.S. Representative Richard Kelly (Republican--Florida) was convicted of bribery, conspiracy, and interstate travel in aid of a racketeering enterprise, becoming the sixth member or former member of Congress to be convicted in the Abscam trials. Videotapes had shown Mr. Kelly taking $25,000 in cash and putting it in his pocket after promising to help two Arab sheiks immigrate to the United States. Abscam was a sting operation in which Federal Bureau of Investigation agents disguised themselves as Arabs in order to trap Congressmen by offering them bribes.

25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Nikita--Elton John

#1 single in Switzerland: Jeanny--Falco (2nd week at #1)

World events
The 10,000-man National Resistance Army, a force led by Yoweri Museveni and originally based in southwestern Uganda, captured the capital city of Kampala in heavy fighting against government troops and overthrew the government of President General Tito Okello.

Football
NFL
Super Bowl XX @ Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans
Chicago 46 New England 10

The Bears forced 6 turnovers and turned them into 24 points in routing the Patriots before 73,818 fans to win their first NFL title in 22 years.



20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Attenti al Lupo--Lucio Dalla (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Sadeness Part I--Enigma

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Alle Børnene--2 X Kaj (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice

#1 single in France (SNEP): Il faut laisser le temps au temps--Félix Gray & Didier Barbelivien (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Innuendo--Queen

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice (6th week at #1)
2 Mary Had a Little Boy--Snap!
3 Maar Vanavond Heb Ik Hoofdpijn--Hanny
4 Don't Worry--Kim Appleby
5 Sadeness Part I--Enigma
6 To Love Somebody--Jimmy Somerville
7 Knockin' Boots--Candyman
8 All Together Now--The Farm
9 All the Man that I Need--Whitney Houston
10 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C&C Music Factory

Singles entering the chart were Innuendo by Queen (#17); Can't Help Myself by 2 Brothers On The 4th Floor & Da Smooth Baron MC (#28); Coming Out of the Dark by Gloria Estefan (#29); Wij Weten Wel Hoe Laat Het Is by De Deurzakkers (#30); De Kreten-Kraker by Franky Boy (#35); and Where are You Baby? by Betty Boo (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 The First Time--Surface
2 Love Will Never Do (Without You)--Janet Jackson
3 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams
4 Sensitivity--Ralph Tresvant
5 High Enough--Damn Yankees
6 Justify My Love--Madonna
7 Play That Funky Music--Vanilla Ice
8 After the Rain--Nelson
9 I'm Not in Love--Will to Power
10 Just Another Dream--Cathy Dennis

Singles entering the chart were Coming Out of the Dark by Gloria Estefan (#55); Chasin' the Wind by Chicago (#82); and Night and Day by Bette Midler (#92).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Love Will Never Do (Without You)--Janet Jackson
2 High Enough--Damn Yankees
3 The First Time--Surface
4 Sensitivity--Ralph Tresvant
5 Justify My Love--Madonna
6 Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)--C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom Williams
7 I’m Not in Love--Will to Power
8 After the Rain--Nelson
9 Play That Funky Music--Vanilla Ice
10 Tom’s Diner--D.N.A. featuring Suzanne Vega

Singles entering the chart were Coming Out of the Dark by Gloria Estefan (#49); Secret by Heart (#70) and Who Said I Would by Phil Collins (#87).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 You Gotta Love Someone--Elton John
2 Justify My Love--Madonna
3 Love Will Never Do (Without You)--Janet Jackson
4 Freedom--George Michael
5 Til I Am Myself Again--Blue Rodeo
6 Disappear--INXS
7 Because I Love You (The Postman Song)--Stevie B
8 One and Only Man--Steve Winwood
9 Hang in Long Enough--Phil Collins
10 After the Rain--Nelson

Singles entering the chart were I'll Be the One by Zappacosta (#71); Chasin' the Wind by Chicago (#74); A Lil' Ain't Enough by David Lee Roth (#77); Get Here by Oleta Adams (#78); Crazy in Love by Kenny Rogers (#81); Let Me Love You Too by Tommy Conwell and the Young Rumblers (#82); Angel from Montgomery by the Leslie Spit Treeo (#88); Waiting for That Day by George Michael (#89); Swear to Your Heart by Russell Hitchcock (#90); If You Need Somebody by Bad Company (#95); and Coming Out of the Dark by Gloria Estefan (#96).

World events
The dictatorial rule of Somali President Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, who had seized power in 1969, ended when he fled the capital of Mogadishu for the country's deep south. President Barre had recently ordered the massacre of thousands of members of the Hawadle people, a sub-clan of the Hawiye clan. United Somali Congress (USC) commander Ali Mahdi Muhammad became the new President of Somalia.

War
The Pentagon said that two dozen Iraqi aircraft had flown to Iran. Many more soon joined them, and Iran, which had declared its neutrality in the Gulf War, said the planes would be impounded until the end of the war.

Protest
A protest rally against the Gulf War was held at Sir Winston Churchill Square in downtown Edmonton. Federal New Democrat MP Svend Robinson addressed the rally as did local environmental activist Tooker Gomberg. For Mr. Gomberg, dislike of the United States apparently took precedence over care for the environment, since it was Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein who had recently dumped oil into the Persian Gulf. This blogger participated in a pro-war rally, climaxed by a march to the statue of Mr. Churchill.

Hockey
NHL
Chicago 5 @ Toronto 1

10 years ago
2001

Disasters
25,000 people were killed and a million left homeless when an earthquake measuring 7.7 or 7.9 on the Richter scale struck western India and parts of Pakistan.

Politics and government
Joseph Kabila, 29, was sworn in as President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, replacing his father Laurent, who had died nine days earlier after being shot by a bodyguard.

Law
The Supreme Court of Canada upheld a federal law banning the possession of child pornography, and reinstated two charges, dismissed in 1999, against John Robin Sharpe of Vancouver. The Supreme Court overruled a lower court decision that had struck down the law on the basis of freedom of speech.

January 25, 2011

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Zlata Antunovic!

1,970 years ago
41

Politics and government
After a night of negotiation, Claudius was accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate, the day after the death of Caligula.

220 years ago
1791

Canadiana
The British Parliament passed the Constitutional Act of 1791 and split the old Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.

170 years ago
1841

Born on this date
John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher. Ceylonese-born U.K. military officer and politician. Admiral of the Fleet "Jacky" Fisher held numerous commands during a 60-year career in the Royal Navy, and was known as a champion of naval reform. He served as First Sea Lord (1904-1910, 1914-1915), overseeing the construction of the battleship HMS Dreadnought and advocating the development of submarines. Baron Fisher retired as First Sea Lord on his 69th birthday, but came out of retirement at the start of World War I. He had frequent disputes with First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, and resigned again following the failure of the Gallipoli campaign in 1915. Baron Fisher died of cancer on July 10, 1920 at the age of 79.

130 years ago
1881

Business
Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell formed the Oriental Telephone Company.

110 years ago
1901

Born on this date
Mildred Dunnock. U.S. actress. Miss Dunnock was a character actress who appeared in plays, movies, and television programs in a career spanning more than 50 years. She was nominated for Academy Awards for her supporting performances in Death of a Salesman (1951) and Baby Doll (1956), reprising in the former the role that she had played on Broadway in 1949. Miss Dunnock died on July 5, 1991 at the age of 90.

70 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Frenesi--Artie Shaw and his Orchestra (6th week at #1)

Diplomacy
Cuban Secretary of State Jose Manuel Cortina repudiated U.S. Senator George Smathers' (Democrat--Florida) resolution that Cuba be admitted as a state of the union.

Defense
Former U.S. Ambassador to France William C. Bullitt told the House of Representatives that he supported the Lend-Lease bill, and warned the committee of German invasion through Latin America if Britain failed.

Religion
Pope Pius XII elevated the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese; it became the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.

60 years ago
1951

At the movies
The Enforcer, starring Humphrey Bogart, Zero Mostel, Ted de Corsia, and Everett Sloane, opened in theatres in New York City. It was Mr. Bogart’s last film under his contract with the Warner Brothers studio.



War
Operation Thunderbolt, the first major U.S. counteroffensive in Korea in 1951, began under the new commanding officer of the U.S. Eighth Army, General Matthew Ridgway.

Diplomacy
The Universal Postal Union's Executive Committee seated a Communist Chinese delegation at its meeting in Cairo.

Scandal
A court in Havana cleared former Cuban President Ramon Grau San Martin and former Finance Minister Florentino Martinez of involvement in alleged misappropriations of $174 million in government funds from 1944-1948.

Economics and finance
Angered by India's opposition to the United Nations' anti-Chinese resolution and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's criticism of the West, U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Tom Connally (Democrat--Texas) tabled an Indian request for $200 million in food aid to forestalll a famine.

Labour
The West German government averted a threatened strike of Ruhr miners and steel workers by promising to give their unions an equal voice in company management.

50 years ago
1961

At the movies
One Hundred and One Dalmatians, a Walt Disney Productions animated film directed by Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske, and Wolfgang Reitherman, and featuring the voices of Rod Taylor, Cate Bauer, Betty Lou Gerson, and Ben Wright, opened in theatres.



World events
A new six-man junta seized power in El Salvador, ousting another junta that had ruled for three months after toppling President Jose Maria Lemus. The new junta--two army officers and four civilians called the Military-Civilian Directorate--said it acted to halt the "leftist excesses" of the old junta. The new group said that its aims were "eminently anti-Communist and constitutional."

Terrorism
The pilot of a U.S. Navy patrol bomber spotted the Portuguese cruise ship Santa Maria far out in the Atlantic Ocean, three days after it had been hijacked by pirates led by former Portuguese army captain Hecor Galvao. The U.S. plane’s pilot radioed a request to Mr. Galvao to turn about and put in at the U.S. Naval Base in San Juan. Mr. Galvao refused, and said he was headed for the Portuguese colony of Angola in western Africa.

Politics and government
U.S. President John F. Kennedy held the first presidential news conference to be broadcast live on radio and television. He announced that the U.S.S.R. had released the two surviving crewmen of a U.S. Air Force RB-47 jet reconnaissance plane that had been shot down by Soviet flyers over the Barents Sea on July 1, 1960. The Americans, Captain Freeman Olmstead and Captain John McKone, were flown from Moscow to Washington, where they were entertained at the White House as President and Mrs. Kennedy before returning to their homes at Forbes Air Force Base in Topeka, Kansas.



40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Bōkyō--Shinichi Mori

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Te Quiero, Te Quiero--Nino Bravo (6th week at #1)

Died on this date
Donald Winnicott, 74. U.K. physician. Dr. Winnicott was a pediatrician and psychoanalyst who was influential in the field of object relations theory and developmental psychology. He was best known for his ideas on the true self and the false self, and the "good enough" parent. Dr. Winnicott served two terms as president of the British Psychoanalytical Society (1956-1959, 1965-1968), published more than 200 papers, and books such as Playing and Reality (1971). He died after the last of a series of heart attacks.

World events
A military coup led by General Idi Amin seized power in Uganda while President Milton Obote was attending the Commonwealth Conference in Singapore.



Terrorism
The trial of FLQ terrorist Paul Rose began for the October 1970 murder of Québec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte.

Space
The United States launched Intelsat IV F-2, the first of three global communications satellites launched in 1971 to form part of a satellite communications system operated by the multinational International Communications Satellite Consortium.

Crime
Charles Manson and three of his followers were convicted of the 1969 murders of actress Sharon Tate and six other people.

Economics and finance The report of the Castonguay-Nepveu Commission on income security in Quebec was tabled. It proposed the establishment of a General Social Allowance Income (RGAS) which would replace or supplement the income of less fortunate Quebecers up to a specific threshold.

Disasters
18 people were killed when a Venezuelan airliner crashed south of Lake Maracaibo.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Shaddap You Face--Joe Dolce Music Theatre (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Adele Astaire, 84. U.S. dancer and actress. Miss Astaire, born Adele Austerlitz, was three years older than her brother Fred, and they performed together for 27 years. She achieved success in Broadway musicals such as Lady, Be Good! (1924); Funny Face (1927); and The Band Wagon (1931). Miss Astaire's partnership with her brother ended in 1932 when she married Lord Charles Arthur Francis Cavendish and settled to domestic life in England as Lady Cavendish. Lord Cavendish died in 1944, and she married American investment banker and spy Kenneth Douglass in 1947, returning to the United States. Miss Astaire never resumed her show business career, and died after suffering a stroke.

Terrorism
Five days after their release from the U.S. embassy in Tehran after 444 days of captivity, 52 American hostages set foot on American soil after their U.S. Air Force VC-137 named Freedom One landed at Stewart International Airport, 17 miles from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York. The hostages were joined by their families and taken by bus to the Hotel Thayer on the academy grounds, where they were to stay until January 27.



War
Iraq announced that it had captured two strategic mountain passes in the Iranian province of Kurdistan.

Diplomacy
Leaders of 37 Muslim nations and the Palestine Liberation Organization convened in Taif, Saudi Arabia, for the beginning of a five-day conference. Missing was the five-member Iranian delegation, which had been instructed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to boycott the meeting because Iraqi President Saddam Hussein would be there. Libya also boycotted the meeting to protest the presence of U.S. surveillance planes based in Saudi Arabia. Afghanistan was barred because its government was attempting to suppress Muslim rebels, and Egypt was barred because of its peace treaty with Israel. In an opening speech read by Crown Prince Fahd, King Khalid of Saudi Arabia urged the group to drive Israel out of the Arab territories it had occupied since 1967, and to secure the rights of the Palestinians.

World events
Jiang Qing, the widow of Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong, was sentenced to death for counter-revolutionary crimes during the Cultural Revolution of 1966-1976. However, the sentence was suspended for two years during which she would be "helped to reform through labour." If she reformed, the court could commute the sentence to imprisonment. The sentences of the other three members of the "Gang of Four" were also announced. Zhang Chunqiao, former mayor of Shanghai, received the same sentence as Jiang Qing. Yao Wenyaun, former head of China’s mass communication organizations, was sentenced to 20 years in prison. Wang Hongwen, former deputy party chairman, was sentenced to life imprisonment. Other defendants received prison sentences of 16-18 years, but since most of them had been jailed in 1971, it was ruled that they had already served more than half of their sentences.

Politics and government
Four British Labour Party Members of Parliament--all former cabinet ministers--announced their intentions to break away from the party and set up a "council for social democracy."

Football
NFL
Super Bowl XV @ New Orleans
Oakland 27 Philadelphia 10

Jim Plunkett completed 13 of 21 passes for 261 yards and 3 touchdowns as the Raiders became the first team to win the Super Bowl after qualifying for the playoffs as a wild card team. Mr. Plunkett's touchdown passes covered 2 yards to Cliff Branch and 80 yards to Kenny King in the 1st quarter, and 29 yards to Mr. Branch in the 3rd quarter. Chris Bahr converted all 3 and added fild goals of 46 and 35 yards. The Eagles scored their only touchdown in the 4th quarter on an 8-yard pass from Ron Jaworski to Keith Krepfle. Tony Franklin, who had kicked a 30-yard field goal in the 2nd quarter. converted. Mr. Jaworski completed 18 of 38 passes for 291 yards but gave up 3 interceptions, all to linebacker Rod Martin, who returned them a total of 44 yards. Mark van Eeghen led the Oakland rushing attack with 80 yards on 19 carries; Wilbert Montgomery led Philadelphia with 44 yards on 16 carries. Mr. King led the Raiders with 93 yards on 2 receptions; Mr. Montgomery led the Eagles with 91 yards on 6 receptions. 76,135 fans attended the game at Louisiana Superdome.



25 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Take on Me--A-Ha (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Nikita--Elton John (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Nikita--Elton John (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Walk of Life--Dire Straits

#1 single in the U.K.: The Sun Always Shines on T.V.--A-Ha

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): That’s What Friends are For--Dionne and Friends (with Elton John, Gladys Knight & Stevie Wonder) (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 That’s What Friends are For--Dionne and Friends (with Elton John, Gladys Knight & Stevie Wonder)
2 Say You, Say Me--Lionel Richie
3 Alive and Kicking--Simple Minds
4 Party All the Time--Eddie Murphy
5 Talk to Me--Stevie Nicks
6 Burning Heart--Survivor
7 Broken Wings--Mr. Mister
8 I’m Your Man--Wham!
9 My Hometown--Bruce Springsteen
10 Tonight She Comes--The Cars

Singles entering the chart were Sanctify Yourself by Simple Minds (#58); No Easy Way Out by Robert Tepper (#77); Manic Monday by the Bangles (#87) and Pleasure and Pain by Divinyls (#90).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 That's What Friends are For--Dionne and Friends (with Elton John, Gladys Knight & Stevie Wonder)
2 Say You, Say Me--Lionel Richie
3 Rock Me, Amadeus--Falco
4 Party All the Time--Eddie Murphy
5 Everything in My Heart--Corey Hart
6 Tarzan Boy--Baltimora
7 I Miss You--Klymaxx
8 When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going--Billy Ocean
9 I'm Your Man--Wham!
10 Sun City--Artists United Against Apartheid

Singles entering the chart were People See Through You by Bruce Cockburn (#70); These Dreams by Heart (#74); Stages by ZZ Top (#78); Sanctify Yourself by Simple Minds (#86); Nikita by Elton John (#90); This Could Be the Night by Loverboy (#93); and Heart of the City by the Arrows (#95).

20 years ago
1991

War
Allied officials accused Iraq of environmental terrorism for dumping millions of litres of crude oil from a Kuwaiti supertanker into the Persian Gulf. It was the largest oil slick on record, covering about 900 square kilometres, and containing as much as 11 million barrels of oil by January 30. The oil posed a serious danger to the area’s ecosystem as well as to the operation of Allied ships.

Economics and finance
The United States Commerce Department reported that the gross national product had declined at an annual rate of 2.1% for the fourth quarter of 1990; for all of 1990, the growth rate was 0.9%, the lowest since the 2.5% decline in 1982.

January 24, 2011

1,970 years ago
41

Died on this date
Caligula (Caius Caesar), 28. Roman Emperor, 37-41. A nut case who made his horse a priest and consul and attempted to erect a statue of himself in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, Caligula was assassinated by a tribune of the Praetorian Guard and replaced by Claudius I.

360 years ago
1651

War
Spanish and Mapuche authorities met at the Parliament of Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín in 1641 and 1647 in attempts to end the Arauco War in Chile.

300 years ago
1711

Music
George Frideric Handel's opera Rinaldo premiered at Queen's Theatre in London's Haymarket.

120 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Walter Model. German military officer. Generalfeldmarschall Model was known as the Third Reich's best defensive commander, achieving relative success with the Ninth Army in the eastern Front retreats of 1941-1942. His forces experienced failure during the Battle of Bulge (1944-1945), and Fuehrer Adolf Hitler then limited Generalfeldmarschall Model's operational freedom. In early April 1945, with his forces surrounded in the Ruhr pocket by the U.S. 1st and 9th Armies, Generalfeldmarschall Model disobeyed Mr. Hitler's order to keep fighting, and dissolved Army Group B, discharging the oldest and youngest soldiers from service and giving the others the option of surrendering to the Allies or attempting to break out at their discretion. Generalfeldmarschall Model committed suicide at the age of 54 on April 21, 1945 by shooting himself in the head in a forest, after finding out that the Soviets were going to try him for war crimes, and the day after he was denounced by the German Propaganda Ministry as a traitor.

70 years ago
1941

Music
Philadelphia Orchestra director Leopold Stokowski announced that he would train an 85-piece U.S. Army band in California in an experiment to develop more "typically American music," and "modernize" Army bands.

Diplomacy
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt broke diplomatic precedent when he welcomed Viscount Halifax, the new British Ambassador to the United States, when he arrived aboard the new battleship King George V in Chesapeake Bay.

Politics and government
Vichy French Prime Minister Marshal Philippe Petain created a 188-man advisory National Council.

Argentine Foreign Minister Julio Roca tendered his resignation to acting President Ramon Castillo.

Protest
Romanian President Ion Antonescu blamed Vice President Horia Sima, chief of the Iron Guard, for the four-day revolt in Romania, and said that the German army had lend "moral support" in crushing the rebellion.

Labour
U.S. Labor Secretary Frances Perkins reported the largest employment increase in 11 years, bringing the total number of workers to 37.1 million in December 1940.

60 years ago
1951

At the movies
Tokyo File 212, written and directed Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan, and starring Florence Marly and Robert Peyton, opened in theatres in Japan.



Television
The Emmy Awards for 1950 were presented at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. It was the third and last year in which the awards were primarily for shows produced or broadcast in the Los Angeles area. Winners included: Dramatic Show--Pulitzer Prize Playhouse (KECA); Actor--Alan Young; Actress--Gertrude Berg; Outstanding Personality--Groucho Marx (KNBH).

Diplomacy
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, in a broadcast from New Delhi, blamed both sides for the current Korean War impasse, and criticized the United States for continuing to keep Communist China out of the United Nations and for advancing beyond the 38th Parallel in October 1950.

Politics and government
Dutch Prime Minister Willem Drees' coalition cabinet resigned in a dispute over Indonesian policy. Foreign Minister Dirk Stikker quit when his own Liberal Party criticized him for offering to share administration of West New Guinea with Indonesia.

Education
Governor James Byrnes assured the South Carolina legislature that the state's public schools would continue to be segregated despite the demands of "Negro agitators" and Washington "politicians."

Medicine
Dr. Gregory Schwartzman, writing in Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, reported tests which revealed that the adrenal gland hormone cortisone increased susceptibility to polio.

Economics and finance
The American Iron and Steel Institute predicted that annual capacity of the U.S. steel industry would be expanded by 17.5 million tons during the next two years from its present 104,229,650-ton yearly level.

Disasters A race of 20 yachts celebrating the centenary of Canterbury, New Zealand turned tragic when a severe southerly storm struck, resulting in the loss of the yachts Husky and Argo, and their 10 crew members.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Seemann--Lolita (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, hosted by John Newland, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Sacred Mushroom



Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on NBC
Tonight's episode: A Crime for Mothers, starring Claire Trevor and Biff Elliot

Thriller, hosted by Boris Karloff, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Choose a Victim, starring Larry Blyden, Susan Oliver, and Vaughn Taylor



Died on this date
A.C. Gilbert, 76. U.S. athlete and businessman. Alfred Carlton Gilbert set a world record for consecutive chin-ups (39) in 1900, set two world records in pole vault, and shared the gold medal in the pole vault at the 1908 Olympic Games in London. He had a medical degree, but in 1907 founded the company that became the A. C. Gilbert Company, manufacturing erector sets, more than 30 million of which were sold by 1935. Mr. Gilbert became known as "the man who saved Christmas" in 1918 when he successfully argued against a proposed U.S. government ban on toy production during World War I. He branched out in to educational toys, accumulating more than 130 patents, and co-founding the Toy Association. In 1941, Mr. Gilbert opened the Gilbert Hall of Science in New York City, promoting interest in science and his products. In 1950, the Gilbert Hall of Science produced its most notorious toy, the Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Laboratory, which contained radioactive material. Mr. Gilbert turned his company over to his son in 1954; it was sold to film and television producer Jack Wrather in 1961, and went out of business six years later.

Divorced on this date
Marilyn Monroe. U.S. actress; Arthur Miller. U.S. playwright. The divorce, after a marriage of less than five years, took place in Mexico, shortly before The Misfits--a movie written by Mr. Miller and starring Miss Monroe--was about to be released in theatres.

Disasters
A Boeing B-52 Stratofortress carrying two 3–4-megaton Mark 39 nuclear bombs broke up in mid-air, dropping its nuclear payload near Goldsboro, North Carolina. Five crewmen successfully ejected and landed safely, another ejected but didn't survive the landing, and two more died in the crash of the plane. One bomb came close to detonating, and was found upright as a result of its parachute being caught in a tree. The other plunged into a muddy field at about 700 miles per hour and disintegrated without detonating; parts of that bomb were recovered, but much of it remains where it landed.

40 years ago
1971

Died on this date
Bill Wilson, 75. U.S. social reformer. Mr. Wilson, better known as Bill W., was a drunkard who co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous with Bob Smith in 1935. Mr. Wilson and AA were enormously influential in changing the view of drunkenness from a sin to an illness. John Lanagan, in his blog The Word Like Fire, provides much useful information on the occult roots of AA. Mr. Wilson practiced necromancy and was a heavy smoker who died of emphysema complicated by pneumonia.

War
For the fifth time since January 1966, South Vietnam released Communist prisoners of war. 37 sick or disabled captives were freed, bringing the total to 231.

Environment
Panarctic Oils capped a natural gas well on King Christian Island in the Northwest Territories that had burned out of control for three months.

Football
NFL
Pro Bowl @ Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
NFC 27 AFC 6

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Anna Dai Capelli Rossi--I Ragazzi Dai Capelli Rossi (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Santa Maria--Roland Kaiser (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland: (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Imagine--John Lennon (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Imagine--John Lennon (3rd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Lola (Live)--The Kinks (3rd week at #1)
2 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
3 Runaway Boys--Stray Cats
4 Funkin' for Jamaica (N.Y.)--Tom Browne
5 Baggy Trousers--Madness
6 Mama He's a Soldier Now--Saskia & Serge
7 Santa Maria--Roland Kaiser
8 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon
9 Stop the Cavalry--Jona Lewie
10 Een barg die hé un krul in de steert--De Aal

Singles entering the chart were Stars on 45 by Stars on 45 (#25); Flip Fluitketel/Er Staat Een Paard In De Gang by André Van Duin (#27); Ik Wil Op M'n Kop Een Kamerbreed Tapijt by Barry Hughes & De Kwaffeurs (#29); Net as Gisteren by Normaal (#34); Midnight Cowboy by John Barry (#38); and Fred Astaire by Mo (#39). Stars on 45 was a medley of Venus; Sugar, Sugar; and eight Beatles' songs, and was the first of what fortunately was a short-lived fad; it was the worst single of its time. Midnight Cowboy was the title theme of the movie, and had been released in North America in 1969.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (5th week at #1)
2 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
3 The Tide is High--Blondie
4 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)
5 Hungry Heart--Bruce Springsteen
6 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
7 Passion--Rod Stewart
8 I Love a Rainy Night--Eddie Rabbitt
9 It's My Turn--Diana Ross
10 De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da--The Police

Singles entering the chart were The Best of Times by Styx (#31); Crying by Don McLean (#37); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#65); Kiss on My List by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#69); Too Tight by ConFunkShun (#75); Precious to Me by Phil Seymour (#78); Staying with It by Firefall (#81); Living in a Fantasy by Leo Sayer (#85); I Don't Want to Know Your Name by Glen Campbell (#87); Wynken, Blynken and Nod by the Doobie Brothers (#88); Seasons by Charles Fox (#89); and Lipstick by Suzi Quatro (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (5th week at #1)
2 The Tide is High--Blondie
3 Lady--Kenny Rogers
4 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
5 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
6 Hungry Heart--Bruce Springsteen
7 Passion--Rod Stewart
8 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)
9 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
10 Hit Me with Your Best Shot--Pat Benatar

Singles entering the chart were The Best of Times by Styx (#31); Crying by Don McLean (#43); Kiss on My List by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#73); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#74); Guitar Man by Elvis Presley (#79); Living in a Fantasy by Leo Sayer (#85); Too Tight by ConFunkShun (#86); I Don't Want to Know Your Name by Glen Campbell (#87); Staying with It by Firefall (#88); Fly Away by Peter Allen (#90); Remote Control by the Reddings (#96); and Look Up by Patrice Rushen (#98). Guitar Man was a new recording of the song that had been a hit for Mr. Presley in 1968, using the original vocal track and a new instrumental track.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (4th week at #1)
2 The Tide is High--Blondie
3 Every Woman in the World--Air Supply
4 Another One Bites the Dust--Queen
5 Hit Me with Your Best Shot--Pat Benatar
6 Passion--Rod Stewart
7 More than I Can Say--Leo Sayer
8 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)
9 Celebration--Kool & The Gang
10 I Made it Through the Rain--Barry Manilow

Singles entering the chart were The Best of Times by Styx (#33); Crying by Don McLean (#36); Kiss on My List by Daryl Hall & John Oates (#74); Flash's Theme aka Flash by Queen (#79); Hearts on Fire by Randy Meisner (#84); Living in a Fantasy by Leo Sayer (#87); I Just Love the Man by the Jones Girls (#98); and Staying with It by Firefall (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (4th week at #1)
2 Lady--Kenny Rogers
3 Woman in Love--Barbra Streisand
4 Don't Stand So Close to Me--The Police
5 Wasn't That a Party--The Rovers
6 The Tide is High--Blondie
7 Turning Japanese--The Vapors
8 More than I Can Say--Leo Sayer
9 Hungry Heart--Bruce Springsteen
10 Another One Bites the Dust--Queen

Singles entering the chart were Hey Nineteen by Steely Dan (#29); Turn Me Loose by Loverboy (#34); Looking for Clues by Robert Palmer (#39); He Can't Love You by the Michael Stanley Band (#40); Keep on Loving You by REO Speedwagon (#41); Fashion Victim by Rough Trade (#45); Turn and Walk Away by the Babys (#47); and Giving it Up for Your Love by Delbert McClinton (#50).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CFUN)
1 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon (5th week at #1)
2 Passion--Rod Stewart
3 Switchin' to Glide--The Kings
4 The Tide is High--Blondie
5 Tell it Like it Is--Heart
6 De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da--The Police
7 Looking for Clues--Robert Palmer
8 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
9 Whip It--Devo
10 Guilty--Barbra Streisand (Duet with Barry Gibb)

Singles entering the chart were Games People Play by the Alan Parsons Project (#28); and The Winner Takes it All by ABBA (#30).

World events
South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan lifted martial law in his country after 456 days of total or partial military authority dating back to the 1979 assassination of President Park Chung Hee. The midnight-4 A.M. curfew that had been in place since 1945 remained in effect. President Chun also commuted the death sentence of opposition politician Kim Dae Jung to life imprisonment. The moves were among a series of actions made by Mr. Chun prior to a trip to Washington in February to meet with U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Protest
Millions of Polish workers obeyed the call of the trade union movement Solidarity to take the day off.

Business
Seven major Japanese commercial banks wrote off a large portion of their claims against Chrysler Corporation. Chrysler had requested an 85% writeoff on the $156 million that it had borrowed from the banks, as a condition laid down by the U.S. Federal Loan Guarantee Board when it approved Chrysler’s application for extra loan guarantees totalling $400 million. The Japanese banks felt that they had no alternative, since Chrysler had to be rescued financially.

Grumman Corporation notified officials in 27 U.S. cities that it had found a flaw in its Flxible buses that might cause the driver to lose control of the bus. Grumman said that the buses should be inspected and taken out of service if necessary, with Grumman paying to repair the defect. A total of 2,600 Flxible buses had been purchased.

Hockey
NHL
Quebec 4 @ New York Islanders 7
Philadelphia 3 @ Montreal 6
Hartford 4 @ Toronto 7

Mike Bossy scored his 49th goal of the season on a powerplay with 4:10 remaining in the game to break a 4-4 tie, and added his 50th with 1:29 remaining as the Islanders defeated the Nordiques at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale. Mr. Bossy's goals came in his and the Islanders' 50th game of the season, matching the achievement of Rocket Richard of the Montreal Canadiens, who scored 50 goals in a 50-game season in 1944-45. Anders Kallur also scored twice for the Islanders, while Jacques Richard scored the first 2 Quebec goals.

Mario Tremblay scored 3 goals for the Canadiens in their win over the Flyers at the Montreal Forum in the national Hockey Night in Canada telecast.

Darryl Sittler scored 4 goals to lead the Maple Leafs over the Whalers at Maple Leaf Gardens in the southern Ontario Hockey Night in Canada telecast.



25 years ago
1986

Died on this date
L. Ron Hubbard, 74. U.S. author and cult religious leader. Mr. Hubbard was a writer of science fiction whose book Dianetics (1950) served as the foundational text of a new religious movement, which evolved into a criminal organization. He reportedly died at his ranch in California, although a number of books under his name were published after his death.

Space
The U.S. probe Voyager 2 passed within 51,000 miles of Uranus.

Defense
The United States Navy began a week of naval maneuvers north of Libya.

Politics and government
U.S. Vice-President George Bush praised Moral Majority leader Rev. Jerry Falwell for "the moral vision you have brought to our political life."

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Do the Bartman--The Simpsons

Died on this date
Jack Schaefer, 83. U.S. author. Mr. Schaefer was known for his Western novels, especially Shane (1949) and Monte Walsh (1963).

John M. Kelly, 59. Irish politician. Professor Kelly, a law professor and member of the Fine Gael party, held several cabinet posts in a parliamentary career running from 1973-1989.

War
Canadian warplanes completed their first combat mission of the Gulf War, escorting U.S. fighter bombers over Iraq. Allied forces were able to retake a small Kuwaiti island, the first piece of territory freed from Iraqi occupation. Allied combat missions totalled 8,000, with Allied military casualties--dead and missing--reported at 30.

Health
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control announced that 161,073 people had contracted AIDS in the United States, and that 100,077 had died.

10 years ago
2001

Died on this date
Dick Whittinghill, 87. U.S. singer and disc jockey. Mr. Whittinghill was an original member of the Pied Pipers singing group in the late 1930s and early '40s. He was the morning disc jockey at KMPC in Los Angeles from 1950-1980, and later hosted a recorded Sunday program on the station. He subsequently worked as the late afternoon DJ on Los Angeles station KPRZ.

Politics and government
The United States Senate approved two more of President George W. Bush's cabinet nominees: Tommy Thompson--Secretary of Health and Human Services; Norman Mineta--Secretary of Transportation.

U.K. Secretary for Northern Ireland Peter Mandelson resigned from the cabinet of Prime Minister Tony Blair over a dispute concerning a passport application from Indian billionaire Srichand Hinduja. A subsequent inquiry cleared Mr. Mandelson of any wrongdoing.

January 23, 2011

1,040 years ago
971

War
Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeaedt a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.

440 years ago
1571

Economics and finance
The Royal Exchange opened in London.

110 years ago
1901

Disasters
A fire that broke out at the commercial tailor Saxe & Sons ravaged Montreal, doing over $2.5 million in property damage. The fire destroyed over 30 buildings in Old Montreal and took 5 hours to control and 7 hours to put out due to frozen water mains.

90 years ago
1921

Died on this date
Mykola Leontovych, 43. Ukrainian composer. Mr. Leontovych specialized in a cappella choral music; his works included Shchedryk (known in English as Carol of the Bells). Mr. Leontovych supported the Ukrainian independence movement, which may have motivated his murder by Afanasy Grishchenko, an agent of the Soviet state security force Cheka.

80 years ago
1931

Died on this date
Anna Pavlova, 49. Russian-born U.K. ballerina. Miss Pavlova joined the Imperial Russian Ballet and performed with them and Ballet Russes before forming her own company. She was best known for perfroming The Dying Swan. Miss Pavlova moved to London in 1912, and toured the world until her death from pneumonia, 20 days before her 50th birthday, after suddenly taking ill while travelling from Paris to The Hague.

70 years ago
1941

Theatre
Lady in the Dark, a musical written by Kurt Weill, Ira Gershwin, and Moss Hart, starring Gertrude Lawrence, Danny Kaye, Bert Lytell, Victor Mature, and Macdonald Carey, opened at the Alvin Theatre on Broadway in New York.

War
Franz von Werra, a German prisoner of war at Prescott, Ontario, escaped from a train, and eventually made it back to Germany, only to die in action a year later. He was the only German POW to make a successful escape in Canada. The German battle cruisers Scharnhorst and Gniesenau departed Kiel.

Diplomacy
The Vichy regime announced that France had accepted Japan's offer to mediate the conflict between Indochina and Thailand.

Defense
U.S. Army Colonel Charles Lindbergh testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee; he said that the United States did not require a British victory in the European war; opposed the Lend-Lease bill; predicted a British defeat; and recommended that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler. Judge William Bondy of the U.S. District Court in New York ruled that the 1940 Draft Act was constitutional.

Politics and government
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Dean Acheson as assistant Secretary of State.

60 years ago
1951

On television tonight
Suspense, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Dead Fall, starring Barry Nelson, Signe Hasso, and Robert Emhardt



Politics and government
U.S. President Harry Truman created a nine-member Commission on Internal Security and Individual Rights, headed by retired Admiral Chester Nimitz, to consider how to protect the United States against espionage without endangering the freedom of its citizens.

Crime
The U.S. Senate cited eight gamblers for contempt for refusing to answer questions before the Senate Crime Investigating Committee.

Stiffer penalties for narcotics law violators were demanded in New York and Washington, following a week in which 77 dope peddlers were arrested.

50 years ago
1961

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Greenfields--The Brothers Four (5th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Non, je ne regrette rien--Édith Piaf (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Wonderland by Night--Bert Kaempfert and his Orchestra (3rd week at #1)
2 Exodus--Ferrante and Teicher
3 Calcutta--Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra
4 Will You Love Me Tomorrow--The Shirelles
5 Angel Baby--Rosie and the Originals
6 Are You Lonesome To-night?--Elvis Presley
7 Shop Around--The Miracles
8 Calendar Girl--Neil Sedaka
9 Rubber Ball--Bobby Vee
10 Corinna, Corinna--Ray Peterson

Singles entering the chart were Pony Time by Chubby Checker (#49); Good Time Baby by Bobby Rydell (#53); The Tear of the Year by Jackie Wilson (#60); What a Price (#78)/Ain't that Just Like a Woman (#83) by Fats Domino; Pony Time by the Goodtimers (#87); Dedicated to the One I Love by the "5" Royales (#88); The Exodus Song by Pat Boone (#90); Trouble in Mind by Nina Simone (#92); Ram-Bunk-Shush by the Ventures (#93); Apache by Jorgen Ingmann and his Guitar (#94); Ginnie Bell by Paul Dino (#98); and Charlena by the Sevilles (#100). The version of Pony Time by the Goodtimers was credited on some copies to Don Covay and the Goodtimers. Dedicated to the One I Love had orginally been been released in 1957, and reached #13 on the Rhythm and Blues chart in 1958.

Space
The mission of Discoverer 19, a U.S. satellite launched on December 20, 1960 to study atmospheric phenomena and infrared radiation, ended, when it decayed and reentered the atmosphere.

Politics and government
Following a five-day meeting of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee in Peiping presided over by Chairman Mao Tse-tung, a communiqué was issued acknowledging that agricultural production in China had lagged seriously behind goals for the previous two years. While drought and floods were blamed for poor yields--which caused severe food shortages--the communiqué said that some of the difficulties were the result of sabotage by "bad elements" in the party. It ordered an immediate purge of these "bad elements," which the statement said had "infiltrated the party and government departments."

Labour
A two-week strike of 664 ferry and tugboat crewmen employed by 11 railroads in New York ended. The strike had shut down ferry service on which 30,000 commuters depended daily.

Disasters
Fire aboard the U.S. aircraft carrier Saratoga, in the Ionian Sea, killed four U.S. Navy officers and three enlisted men, and injured 23.

Boxing
Pete Rademacher (11-3-1) won a 10-round unanimous decision over Donnie Fleeman (35-11-1) in a heavyweight bout at Civic Ice Arena in Seattle.

40 years ago
1971

Hit parade
#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Yo Yo--Chris Andrews (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Vent'anni--Massimo Ranieri (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): If Those Lips Could Only Speak--Dermot Henry (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Grandad--Clive Dunn (8th week at #1)

Australia's Top 10 (Go-Set)
1 I Think I Love You--The Partridge Family (4th week at #1)
2 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison
3 The Pushbike Song--The Mixtures
4 A Song of Joy--Miguel Rios
5 Look What They've Done to My Song Ma--The New Seekers
6 Fire and Rain--James Taylor
7 We've Only Just Begun--Carpenters
8 You Don't Have To Say You Love Me/Patch it Up--Elvis Presley
9 Eleanor Rigby--Zoot
10 Lola--The Kinks

Singles entering the chart were Gypsy Woman by Brian Hyland (#32); Knock Three Times by Dawn (#35); I Hear You Knocking by Dave Edmunds (#37); We were Lovers Then by Don Lane (#46); I'll Be Gone by Spectrum (#50); Cheryl Moana Marie by John Rowles (#56); and Question by the Moody Blues (#59).

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (4th week at #1)
2 Peace Planet (Badinerie from suite no. 2 - J.S.Bach)--Ekseption
3 Yesterday, When I was Young--Charles Aznavour
4 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
5 Nothing Rhymed--Gilbert O'Sullivan
6 She Likes Weeds--Tee-Set
7 Both Sides Now--Euson
8 Knock Three Times--Dawn
9 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
10 Wang Dang Doodle--Livin' Blues

Singles entering the chart were House of the King by Focus (#23); Maggie by Redbone (#28); A Ha, Dat is Marie by De Wama's (#33); River Deep - Mountain High by the Supremes & Four Tops (#34); and Mag Ik Effe Ademhalen by Paul Rollman (#39).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Knock Three Times--Dawn
2 My Sweet Lord/Isn't it a Pity--George Harrison
3 One Less Bell to Answer--The 5th Dimension
4 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
5 Black Magic Woman--Santana
6 Stoney End--Barbra Streisand
7 Groove Me--King Floyd
8 Your Song--Elton John
9 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
10 It's Impossible--Perry Como

Singles entering the chart were Just Seven Numbers (Can Straighten Out My Life) by the Four Tops (#79); I Dig Everything About You by the Mob (#83); Whole Lotta Love by King Curtis and the Kingpins (#87); I Love You for All Seasons by the Fuzz (#88); Ride a White Swan by Tyrannosaurus Rex (#89); (She's a) Very Lovely Woman/The Long Way Around by Linda Ronstadt (#90); You're the One by the Three Degrees (#93); Freedom by the Isley Brothers (#94); Solution for Pollution by Charles Wright and the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band (#96); I Need You by the Friends of Distinction (#97); We'll Have it Made by the Spinners (#98); and I'll Be Home by Vikki Carr (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Knock Three Times--Dawn (2nd week at #1)
2 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison
3 One Less Bell to Answer--The 5th Dimension
4 Groove Me--King Floyd
5 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
6 Rose Garden--Lynn Anderson
7 If I were Your Woman--Gladys Knight & the Pips
8 Your Song--Elton John
9 Immigrant Song--Led Zeppelin
10 Pay to the Piper--The Chairmen of the Board

Singles entering the chart were Mama's Pearl by the Jackson 5 (#38); Make Me Happy by Bobby Bloom (#85); Everything is Good About You by the Lettermen (#89); Help Me Make it Through the Night by Sammi Smith (#93); Theme from Love Story by Francis Lai and his Orchestra (#94); Bed of Rose's by the Statler Brothers (#95); Do Me Right by the Detroit Emeralds (#96); Angel Baby by Dusk (#99); and One Night Stand by the Magic Lanterns (#100). Theme from "Love Story" and its B-side, Skating in Central Park, were from the movie.

U.S.A. Top 10 (Record World)
1 Knock Three Times--Dawn (3rd week at #1)
2 My Sweet Lord/Isn't it a Pity--George Harrison
3 One Less Bell to Answer--The 5th Dimension
4 Groove Me--King Floyd
5 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
6 Stoned Love--The Supremes
7 Pay to the Piper--The Chairmen of the Board
8 It's Impossible--Perry Como
9 Your Song--Elton John
10 If I were Your Woman--Gladys Knight & the Pips

Singles entering the chart included You're the One by the Three Degrees (#83); Just Seven Numbers (Can Straighten Out My Life) by the Four Tops (#86); I Love You for All Seasons by the Fuzz (#91); Jody Got Your Girl and Gone by Johnnie Taylor (#92); Triangle of Love (Hey Diddle Diddle) by the Presidents (#94); Because it's Time by McKendree Spring (#97); and Mixed Up Guy by Joey Scarbury (#98).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Knock Three Times--Dawn
2 Isn't it a Pity--George Harrison
3 Your Song--Elton John
4 Immigrant Song--Led Zeppelin
5 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
6 One Man Band--Three Dog Night
7 Black Magic Woman--Santana
8 Love the One You're With--Stephen Stills
9 Does Anybody Really Know What Time it Is?--Chicago
10 Stoned Love--The Supremes

Singles entering the chart were Beautiful People by the New Seekers (#77); The Long Way Around by Linda Ronstadt (#80); Ride a White Swan by Tyrannosaurus Rex (#81); Oh, Lonesome Me by Neil Young (#83); Put Your Hand in the Hand by Ocean (#88); Carry Me by the Stampeders (#89); Ç'est Toujours Comme ça la Première Fois by Pierre Lalonde (#91); Rocking Chair Ride by Christopher Kearney #92); Un Nouveau Jour va se Lever by Macques Michel (#98); and Je Chante by Les Sinners (#99).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 My Sweet Lord--George Harrison (5th week at #1)
2 Knock Three Times--Dawn
3 Lonely Days--Bee Gees
4 Sing High, Sing Low--Anne Murray
5 Sweet Mary--Wadsworth Mansion
6 Stoned Love--The Supremes
7 No Matter What--Badfinger
8 Share the Land--The Guess Who
9 If You Could Read My Mind--Gordon Lightfoot
10 I Hear You Knocking--Dave Edmunds
Pick hit of the week: Born to Wander--Rare Earth

On the radio
Sherlock Holmes, starring Georg Arlin and Gosta Pruzelius, on Radioteatern (Sweden)
Tonight's episode: The Hound of the Baskervilles, Part 3

Diplomacy
The Commonwealth Conference in Singapore ended with a compromise over the wording of the Declaration of Commonwealth Principles. The main issue under discussion was the U.K.’s proposal to sell arms to South Africa despite a voluntary United Nations embargo on arms sales to that country.

30 years ago
1981

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): När vi två blir en--Gyllene Tider (7th week at #1)

#1 single in France (IFOP): Couleur menthe a l'eau--Eddy Mitchell (2nd week at #1)

South Africa's Top 10 (Springbok Radio)
1 Love on the Rocks--Neil Diamond
2 Woman in Love--Barbra Streisand
3 Can You Feel It--The Jacksons
4 Man on the Moon--Ballyhoo
5 (Just Like) Starting Over--John Lennon
6 Passion--Rod Stewart
7 The Tide is High--Blondie
8 Give Me the Night--George Benson
9 Another One Bites the Dust--Queen
10 Don't Stand So Close to Me--The Police

Singles entering the chart were Lady by Kenny Rogers (#15); and All Out of Love by Air Supply (#20).

Died on this date
Samuel Barber, 70. U.S. composer. Mr. Barber was one of the most acclaimed American composers in history, writing numerous orchestral, vocal, piano, and chamber works, as well as several ballets and operas. He won Pulitzer Prizes for his opera Vanessa (1958) and Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1962). Mr. Barber's other notable works included Adagio for Strings (1936); Violin Concerto (1941); and Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (1947). He died of cancer.

Terry Pue, 15. U.S. crime victom. Mr. Pue was the 14th boy between the ages of 7 and 15 to have been found murdered in Atlanta, Georgia in the previous 18 months. Two more had disappeared and had not yet been found.

25 years ago
1986

On television tonight
The Twilight Zone, on CITV
Tonight’s episode: Monsters! (starring Ralph Bellamy and Oliver Robins); A Small Talent for War (starring John Glover); A Matter of Minutes (starring Adam Arkin and Karen Austin)

War
The 10,000-man National Resistance Army force led by Yoweri Museveni, originally based in southwestern Uganda, reached the outskirts of the capital city of Kampala. The NRA had reached a peace agreement with the government on December 17, 1985, but had abandoned the agreement in January.

Oil
On the London spot market, the price of Brent Light Crude, a North Sea oil, fell to US$17.25 per barrel before recovering to $18.40, still down by $10 per barrel since November 1985. The world glut of oil was attributed to a warm winter and to increased production by countries that were not members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Saudi oil minister Sheik Ahmed Zaki Yamani urged Britain--a non-member of OPEC--to cut production to avert "adverse and dangerous consequences for the whole world economy." The Saudis had doubled their own output since August 1985.

20 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Sadeness Part I--Enigma (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
The Wonder Years, on ABC
Tonight’s episode: Heartbreak

Died on this date
Northrop Frye, 78. Canadian literary critic. Professor Frye, a native of Sherbrooke, Quebec, was one of the most influential literary critics of the 20th century. His books included Fearful Symmetry (1947); Anatomy of Criticism (1957); and The Great Code: The Bible and Literature (1982).

War
U.S. General Colin Powell said that Allied forces had gained air superiority over Iraq after 12,000 sorties; that Iraq’s two operating nuclear plants were "finished;" and that chemical and biological warfare facilities had been badly damaged. Of 22 Scud missiles fired by Iraq at Saudi Arabia, 18 had been downed by U.S. patriot missiles, and none had caused damage.

Soviet troops seized the main paper warehouse in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius; no one attempted to stop the takeover.

Economics and finance
U.S. Federal Reserve Board chairman Alan Greenspan concluded two days of reporting to Congress by saying that the nation’s money supply was growing too slowly and that the board might cut interest rates again.

Hockey
NHL
Montreal 7 Toronto 3

10 years ago
2001

Protest
Five people attempted to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claimed was staged by the Communist Party of China to frame the religious movement Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.

Politics and government
The United States Senate voted its approval to two more of President George W. Bush’s cabinet nominees: Mel Martinez--Secretary of Housing; and Anthony Principi--Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

Québec Premier Bernard Landry refused a federal offer of $18 million in renovation funding for a Quebec City zoo on condition that it include English signs and the Canadian flag; he called the Canadian flag "a piece of red rag."

Education
U.S. President Bush proposed an education plan that included an increased role for the federal government. The proposal included vouchers for parents to help them remove children from failing schools and pay tuition for private or religious schools. A key objective of Mr. Bush’s plan was to demand accountability from schools receiving federal money, with standardized tests for students in grades 3 through 8.