January 5, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Laura-Belle Robinson and Nadia!

430 years ago
1589

Died on this date
Catherine de' Medici, 69. Queen consort of France, 1547-1559. Catherine, the daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, married the future King Henry II of France in 1533, and became queen consort when he acceded to the throne in 1547. She was the mother of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III, serving as regent for Charles IX from 1560-1563. Queen Catherine was perhaps the most powerful woman in Europe in the 16th century.

240 years ago
1779

Born on this date
Stephen Decatur. U.S. naval officer. Mr. Decatur, a hero of the Tripolitan War in 1804-1805, was one of the judges at the court-martial of James Barron, whose ship Chesapeake had been stopped and bombarded by the British warship Leopard in 1807. Mr. Barron had been found guilty in 1808 of neglecting to clear his ship for action, and had been suspended from duty for five years. Mr. Barron nursed a grudge against Mr. Decatur, and finally challenged him to a duel. The duel took place in Bladensburg, Maryland on the morning of March 22, 1820, and Mr. Decatur, 41, was mortally wounded, dying that night.

140 years ago
1879

Born on this date
Jack Norworth. U.S. songwriter and singer. Mr. Norworth, born John Godfey Knauff, performed as a singer in vaudeville, but was best known for writing music for such songs as Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1908) and Shine On, Harvest Moon (1908). He died of a heart attack on September 1, 1959 at the age of 80.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Herb Peterson. U.S. businessman. Mr. Peterson owned several McDonald's restaurants, and devised the Egg McMuffin in 1972, which became the company's signature breakfast item. He died on March 25, 2008 at the age of 89.

Politics and government
The German Workers' Party, the forerunner to the Nazi Party, was founded by Anton Drexler.

75 years ago
1944

War
The Soviet 2nd Ukrainian Army opened a new offensive and forced a breakthrough on a front 62 miles long to a depth of 25 miles. After five days of fighting, Soviet troops took Berdichev, an important rail centre 100 miles west-southwest of Kiev. U.S. forces in Italy gained approximately one mile along a 10-mile front between Venafro and Rocca d'Evandro and extended their holdings in San Vittore. Chinese troops reportedly advanced on the suburbs of Owchihkow, a Yangtze River port north of Tungting Lake, after capturing all surrounding villages.

Politics and government
U.S. Representative Jessie Sumner (Republican--Illinois) said that she would not be a candidate for re-election in 1944 because "practically all the major questions of policy are now decided in the White House rather than by Congress."

Journalism
Argentina established strict control of the press, and forbade publication of news "contrary to the general interest of the nation."

Economics and finance
The U.S. War Production Board recommended to the Defense Plant Corporation in Washington further cutbacks in the steel production expansion program.

Labour
American Federation of Labor Vice President Matthew Wolf announced the union's refusal to send delegates to the U.K.-sponsored international meeting of trade union representatives in June 1944 because of Soviet participation.

70 years ago
1949

Died on this date
Joseph McNabb, 61. U.S. businessman. Mr. McNabb was the president of the motion picture equipment firm Bell & Howell.

War
Dutch forces declared their "police action" in Sumatra at an end.

Nationalist Chinese General Pai Chung-hsi withdrew his troops from a defense perimeter around the central Chinese industrial city of Wuhan without government authorization.

Politics and government
Major Oscar Osorio succeeded Colonel Manuel de Jesus Cordova as head of El-Salvador's five-man military junta.

South African Negroes broke off all political relations with whites, due to government plans to disband the advisory Negroes' Representative Council and refusal to restore the Negro franchise.

U.S. President Harry Truman delivered his State of the Union address, recommending economic measures that he referred to as the "Fair Deal." The measures included including national health insurance; raising the minimum wage; strengthening the position of organized labour; and guaranteeing the civil rights of all Americans.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Las Chicas De La Cruz Roja--Ana María Parra

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 The Chipmunk Song--The Chipmunks with David Seville (3rd week at #1)
2 Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters
3 To Know Him, Is to Love Him--The Teddy Bears
4 Problems--The Everly Brothers
5 One Night--Elvis Presley
6 My Happiness--Connie Francis
7 Tom Dooley--The Kingston Trio
8 A Lover's Question--Clyde McPhatter
9 Gotta Travel On--Billy Grammer
10 Whole Lotta Loving--Fats Domino

Singles entering the chart were You are Beautiful (#73)/Let's Love (#82) by Johnny Mathis; Peter Gunn by Ray Anthony and his Orchestra (#78); Yellow Bird by the Mills Brothers (#81); The Girl on Page 44 by the Four Lads (#83); May You Always by the McGuire Sisters (#84); The Little Space Girl by Jesse Lee Turner (#86); The One Rose (That's Left in My Heart) by Teresa Brewer (#88); Teach Me Tonight Cha Cha by the DeCastro Sisters (#89); That's Why I Cry by Buddy Knox (#95); Tall Paul by Annette with the Afterbeats (#98); Sermonette by Della Reese (#99); and Gazachstahagen by the Wild-Cats (#100).

Vancouver's Top 10 (CKWX)
1 The Chipmunk Song--The Chipmunks with David Seville (4th week at #1)
2 Gotta Travel On--Billy Grammer
3 To Know Him is to Love Him--The Teddy Bears
4 I Got Stung/One Night--Elvis Presley
5 Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters
6 Queen of the Hop--Bobby Darin
7 Problems/Love of My Life--The Everly Brothers
8 I Got a Feeling/Lonesome Town--Ricky Nelson
9 Bimbombey--Jimmie Rodgers
10 Donna--Ritchie Valens

Singles entering the chart were I'm a Man by Fabian (#44); The Children's Marching Song (Nick Nack Paddy Whack) by Cyril Stapleton and his Orchestra (#46); I've Had It by the Bell Notes (#50); Trust in Me by Patti Page (#51); With the Wind and the Rain in Your Hair by Pat Boone (#52); Land of You and Me by the Four Esquires (#56); Little Space Girl by Jesse Lee Turner (#57); Ambrose (Part Five) by Linda Laurie (#58); and Teach Me Tonight Cha Cha by the DeCastro Sisters (#60).

Diplomacy
U.S.S.R. First Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan met in Washington with U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles for talks on Berlin and other world problems.

Arriving in Havana to begin 18 months of provisional rule until general elections could be held, provisional President Manuel Urrutia declared that his new Cuban government would not open relations with the U.S.S.R.

Defense
The U.S. administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued a statement expressing doubt that nuclear test detection methods recommended by the Geneva conference of nuclear experts could reliably pinpoint underground atomic explosions.

World events
Congolese Governor General Henri Bosmans declared a state of alert in the Belgian Congo and cut off Leopoldville from Brazzaville, the French Equatorial African capital across the Congo River.

Politics and government
The U.K. Colonial Office announced plans to revoke the Maltese constitution and vest authority in an interim regime, to be headed by Governor Sir Robert Laycock.

50 years ago
1969

Died on this date
Patrick Flynn, 74. U.K.-born U.S. runner. Mr. Flynn, a native of Ireland, won the Irish Four Mile championship in 1912, and moved to the United States a year later. He was wounded in the arm while serving in World War I, but recovered, and competed in the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, winning the silver medal in the men’s 3,000-metre steeplechase. Mr. Flynn retired from competitive running in 1925.

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched Venera 5, a probe aimed to descend to the night-side surface of Venus in mid-May 1969.

War
U.S. forces set up a 150-mile naval patrol along the South Vietnam-Cambodia border.

Disasters
At least 52 people were killed when an Afghan jetliner crashed while approaching Gatwick Airport, south of London, and demolished a house.

Football
NFL
Playoff Bowl @ Orange Bowl, Miami
Dallas 17 Minnesota 13

Don Meredith, playing the last game of his 9-year professional career--all with Dallas--completed touchdown passes to Bob Hayes in the 2nd quarter and Craig Baynham in the 4th quarter to lead the Cowboys to a come-from-behind victory. Bobby Bryant returned a punt for a touchdown in the 1st quarter as the Vikings opened the scoring. Only 22,961 fans showed up to see the Cowboys, losers of the Eastern Conference championship game, defeat the Vikings, losers of the Western Conference championship game. The lack of interest in the game was probably influenced by the fact that Super Bowl III between the National Football League champion Baltimore Colts and American Football League champion New York Jets was to be held at the Orange Bowl a week later.



40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): You're the One that I Want--John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John (12th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Mary's Boy Child--Boney M.

#1 single in France (IFOP): Y.M.C.A.--Village People (2nd week at #1)

On television tonight
Happy Birthday, Charlie Brown, on CBS

This was an hour-long special celebrating the 30th anniversary of Peanuts as a comic strip, and the 15th anniversary of the first Peanuts television special--although both anniversaries didn't occur until late in 1980.

Died on this date
Billy Bletcher, 84. U.S. actor. Mr. Bletcher appeared in silent films, but was best known as a voice actor, providing the voice of Mickey Mouse in cartoons from 1932-1954.

Les Lear, 60. U.S.-born football player and coach. Mr. Lear, a native of Grafton, North Dakota, grew up in Manitoba and played tackle for the University of Manitoba before playing with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (1938-1941) and Winnipeg RCAF-Bombers (1942-1943), helping his team to Grey Cup victories in 1939 and 1941. He jumped to the Cleveland Rams in 1944, becoming the National Football League's first Canadian-trained player. Mr. Lear helped the Rams win the NFL championship in 1945, and played with them during their first season in Los Angeles in 1946. He was with the Detroit Lions in 1947, and returned to Canada in 1948 as playing coach of the Calgary Stampeders. Mr. Lear led the Stampeders to a 12-0 regular season record and the team's first Grey Cup championship in 1948, which was followed by a 13-1 record and a Western championship in 1949. The Stampeders missed the playoffs in the next two seasons, and Mr. Lear was fired after they blew a 19-point lead in the 2-game total points Western semi-finals against the Edmonton Eskimos in 1952. Mr. Lear eventually returned to the United States, where he became a successful owner and trainer of race horses in the 1960s and early '70s. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1974 as a player, and died of kidney failure.

Charles Mingus, 56. U.S. musician and composer. Mr. Mingus was a jazz double bassist and pianist who became one of the most influential jazz musicians in history, performing on his own, leading his own band, and performing in other bands and in combos with other prominent musicians. He died after a long battle with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Music
The album Armed Forces by Elvis Costello and the Attractions was released on Radar Records in the U.K. and on Columbia Records in North America.

Albertana
A new dinosaur gallery, housing three skeletons from Drumheller, opened at the Provincial Museum in Edmonton.

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Finnish Singles Chart): Back to the Stone Age--Stone (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Especially for You--Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan

Scandal
Independent counsel Lawrence Walsh moved to dismiss charges of conspiring to defraud the U.S. government and stealing government property against former National Security Council member Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who had contended that he needed thousands of pages of documents to defend himself against the charges. Judge Gerhard Gesell had supported Lt. Col. North's right to gain access to at least some of the documents, but the administration of President Ronald Reagan had refused to provide some of the secret documents, citing national security.

Politics and government
U.S. President Ronald Reagan gave his approval to the recommendations of the President's Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries that salaries of U.S. government leaders be raised by at least 50%. By law, the increases would take effect within a month after the president approved the recommendation, unless rejected by both houses of Congress.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): All for Love--Bryan Adams, Rod Stewart and Sting (3rd week at #1)

Died on this date
Elmar Lipping, 87. Estonian politician. Mr. Lipping was Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs in exile from 1982-1990.

Thomas "Tip" O'Neill, 81. U.S. politician. Mr. O'Neill, a Democrat, represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives from 1953-1987 and was Speaker of the House from 1977-1987.

Diplomacy
A U.S. State Department official said that the U.S. and North Korea had agreed in principle that the latter would allow inspections of its seven declared nuclear facilities, and that officials of the International Atomic Energy Agency would be allowed to replace film and batteries in surveillance cameras. North Korea also promised to resume a dialogue with South Korea, and the U.S., in return, would cancel its annual military exercise with South Korea.

Politics and government
Juvenal Habyarimana was sworn in as President of Rwanda, to lead an interim government slated to serve for 22 months, with multi-party elections scheduled for October 1995.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Griffin Bell, 90. U.S. judge and politician. Mr. Bell was a Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from 1961-1976, and served as Attorney General in the administration of U.S. President Jimmy Carter from 1977-1979. He died from pancreatic cancer and kidney disease.

Law
Thomas Cromwell was sworn in as a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, after Prime Minister Stephen Harper abandoned plans for public selection hearings.

Terrorism
A bomber destroyed a pipeline metering shed near the community of Tomslake, British Columbia; it was the fourth explosion in B.C. during 2008-09.

Hockey
Canada defeated Sweden 5-1 to win the World Junior Hockey Championship for a fifth straight year; Canada's 15th gold tied Russia/Soviet Union for the all-time lead.

January 4, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Angela Ieriti and Agness Nyambe!

370 years ago
1649

Politics and government
England's Rump Parliament voted to put King Charles I on trial.

210 years ago
1809

Born on this date
Louis Braille. French educator. Mr. Braille went blind in both eyes by the age of 5 after a childhood accident. He attended a school for blind children, and by the age of 15, had largely completed the creation of the reading system of raised dots that was named for him. The Braille system was largely ignored during Mr. Braille's lifetime, but began to achieve wider use in 1854, two years after his death from a respiratory illness--perhaps tuberculosis--on January 6, 1852, two days after his 43rd birthday.

180 years ago
1839

Died on this date
Christopher Buckley. Canadian rebel. Mr. Buckley was executed in Kingston for his role in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837.

Diplomacy
Upper Canada Rebellion leader William Lyon Mackenzie was arrested in Buffalo, New York for violating U.S. neutrality laws.

170 years ago
1849

Died on this date
Franz Xaver Gabelsberger, 49. German engineer. Mr. Gabelsberger, a typist with the Bavarian government, invented the Gabelsberger shorthand system.

150 years ago
1869

Born on this date
Tommy Corcoran. U.S. baseball player and umpire. Mr. Corcoran was a shortstop with the Pittsburgh Burghers (1890); Philadelphia Athletics (1891); Brooklyn Bridegrooms (1892-1896); Cincinnati Reds (1897-1906); and New York Giants (1907), batting .256 with 34 home runs and 1,137 runs batted in in 2,205 games. On August 7, 1903, he made 14 assists, which remains the major league record for a 9-inning game. Mr. Corcoran became an umpire after his playing days, and umpired for a season in the Federal League. He died on June 25, 1960 at the age of 91.

140 years ago
1879

Business
The Winnipeg Board of Trade was registered.

130 years ago
1889

Born on this date
M. Patanjali Sastri. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India, 1951-1954. Mr. Sastri began his career as a lawyer in 1914, specializing in tax law. He was appointed to the Madras High Court in 1939 and in 1947 to the Federal Court, which became the Supreme Court. Justice Sastri acceded to the position of Chief Justice on November 7, 1951, and served until reaching retirement age on his 65th birthday. He served on various boards until his death from a heart attack on March 16, 1963 at the age of 74.

Transportation
Vancouver, British Columbia's Granville Street Bridge, the first of three on the site, opened to traffic.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Al "Jazzbo" Collins. U.S. disc jockey. Mr. Collins worked at numerous radio stations in the United States in a career that spanned more than 50 years, but was best known for various stints in New York and San Francisco. While in New York in 1957, he spent five weeks as host of Tonight! America After Dark during the period between Steve Allen and Jack Paar as hosts of Tonight. Tonight! America After Dark had a somewhat different format than when Messrs. Allen or Paar hosted the show, and it was regarded as a disaster, with many network affiliates not bothering to carry it. Mr. Collins died on September 30, 1997 at the age of 78.

Lester L. Wolff. U.S. politician. Mr. Wolff, a Democrat, represented New York's 3rd District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1965-1973 and New York's 6th District from 1963-1981. He wrote the Taiwan Relations Act, which was enacted in 1979 as a way of protecting U.S. interests and defining the substantial but non-diplomatic relations between the U.S.A. and Taiwan, following U.S. President Jimmy Carter's decision to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Mr. Wolff is the author of numerous books on foreign policy, and as of the date of this post, is the oldest living former member of the United States Congress.

Died on this date
Georg von Hertling, 75. Chancellor of the German Empire, 1917-1918. Mr. Hertling, a member of the Centre Party, was Minister-President of Bavaria from 1912-1917 before serving as Chancellor of the German Empire and Minister-President of Prussia. He was viewed as a puppet of German military leaders during the last year of World War I, and was forced to resign as Chancellor on September 30, 1918 when it was clear that he was unable to manage the collapse of the home front. Mr. Hertling died just three months later.

Art
Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden was in London to open an exhibit of over 400 World War I paintings by British and Canadian artists.

75 years ago
1944

Died on this date
Bide Dudley, 66. U.S. drama critic and playwright. Mr. Dudley's plays included the musicals Odds and Ends of 1917 (1917) and Sue, Dear (1922), as well as the comedies Oh, Henry (1920) and Borrowed Love (1929).

Jean Tatlock, 29. U.S. psychiatrist and journalist. Dr. Tatlock, in addition to being a psychiatrist, was a member of the Communist Party and was a reporter for their publication Western Worker. She began a romantic relationship with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer in 1936; the relationship continued for several years, but whether it continued while he was working on the atomic bomb Manhattan Project during World War II is a matter of debate. Dr. Tatlock suffered from severe clinical depression and committed suicide, apparently by kneeling over the edge of her partly-filled bathtub and drowning herself after consuming chloral hydrate. Conspiracy theories abound.

War
The U.S. Army Air Forces began Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in France, Italy, and the Low Countries. U.S.S.R. troops captured the German defense base and railway junction of Belaya Tserkov, 50 miles south of Kiev. U.S. Marines began a drive against Japanese positions at Borgen Bay in the Cape Gloucester area of New Britain. U.S. planes raided the Jaluuit and Mili atolls of the Marshall Islands. It was announced in San Francisco that U.S. Navy Vice Admiral John Greenslade would retire on February 1 as commander of the Western Sea Frontier and commandant of the 12th Naval District.

70 years ago
1949

Died on this date
August H. Pfund, 69. U.S. physicist. Dr. Pfund was an authority on optics; he invented the Pfund telescope--a method for achieving a fixed telescope focal point regardless of where the telescope line of sight is positioned--and the Pfund sky compass, which greatly helped transpolar flights by allowing the determination of the Sun's direction in twilight.

War
Dutch Prime Minister Willem Drees left Holland to begin a peace mission to Indonesia.

Scandal
A U.S. House of Representatives special committee cleared high officials in the administration of President Harry Truman of charges that they had used confidential information to speculate in the commodity markets.

Economics and finance
A United Nations Security Council committee of experts issued a plan for settlement of the Berlin currency control dispute, calling for the creation of separate banking systems for East and West Berlin and a new bank of issue for the entire city under the supervision of the U.S.A., U.S.S.R., U.K., and France.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): When--The Kalin Twins (17th week at #1)

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Six People, No Music, starring John McGiver, Peggy Cass, and Howard Smith

Space
The U.S.S.R. lunar probe Lunik 1, which was intended to crash on the Moon, made its closest approach at 3,725 miles, but ended up flying by the Moon because of an incorrectly-timed stage burn during its January 2 launch.

War
Under a truce negotiated by Indonesian Army Colonel Gaharu and Darul Islam leader Daub Beurech, fighting ended in the Atjeh Province of North Sumatra between government forces and Danul Islam guerrillas.

Protest
Serious rioting began in the Belgian Congolese capital of Leopoldville, after African police tried to disperse a banned political meeting of the Abako organization of Lower Congolese. Demonstrators drew police gunfire when they smashed European shops and shouted anti-Belgian slogans.

Diplomacy
U.S. and Soviet Red Army political advisers reached agreement at the Marienborn checkpoint to to end detention by Soviet authorities of an American truck convoy bound for West Germany along the autobahn from West Berlin.

The U.S.S.R. rejected Italian requests for permission to organize a Red Cross search for missing Italian World War II prisoners believed to be alive in Soviet territory.

Chess
Bobby Fischer, 15, retained his U.S. championship by winning the national tournament in New York.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): White Room--Cream; Those were the Days--Mary Hopkin

#1 single in Rhodesia (Lyons Maid): Little Arrows--Leapy Lee (8th week at #1)

#1 single in France: Casatchok--Dimitri Dourakine and his Orchestra

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Zum zum zum--Sylvie Vartan (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Heidschi Bumbeidschi--Heintje (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Lily the Pink--The Scaffold (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Lily the Pink--The Scaffold (4th week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Hair--Zen
2 Eloise--Barry Ryan
3 Battle Hymn of the Republic--Andy Williams with the St. Charles Borromeo Choir
4 Lily the Pink--The Scaffold
5 Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da--The Marmalade
6 Jerushala'im Shel Zahav--Rika Zarai
7 Lea--The Cats
8 Ain't Got No--I Got Life--Nina Simone
9 Going Up the Country--Canned Heat
10 In the Beginning--Boots

Singles entering the chart were Albatross by Fleetwood Mac (#33); In Your Life by the Tower (#35); and Race with the Devil by the Gun (#40).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 I Heard it Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye (4th week at #1)
2 For Once in My Life--Stevie Wonder
3 I'm Gonna Make You Love Me--Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations
4 Soulful Strut--Young-Holt Unlimited
5 Wichita Lineman--Glen Campbell
6 Cloud Nine--The Temptations
7 Love Child--Diana Ross and the Supremes
8 Stormy--Classics IV
9 Who's Making Love--Johnnie Taylor
10 Hooked on a Feeling--B.J. Thomas

Singles entering the chart were Baby, Baby Don't Cry by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (#53); I Forgot to Be Your Lover by William Bell (#81); Rain in My Heart by Frank Sinatra (#82); Build Me Up Buttercup by the Foundations (#84); Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da by Arthur Conley (#88); She's a Lady by John Sebastian (#89); You Showed Me by the Turtles (#90); If it Wasn't for Bad Luck by Ray Charles and Jimmy Lewis (#92); Looking Back by Joe Simon (#94); Ain't Got No; I Got Life by Nina Simone (#99); and Goodnight My Love by Paul Anka (#100).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I Heard it Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye (3rd week at #1)
2 Wichita Lineman--Glen Campbell
3 Stormy--Classics IV
4 I Love How You Love Me--Bobby Vinton
5 I'm Gonna Make You Love Me--Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations
6 Abraham, Martin and John--Dion
7 Love Child--Diana Ross and the Supremes
8 Cloud Nine--The Temptations
9 For Once in My Life--Stevie Wonder
10 Cinnamon--Derek

Singles entering the chart were Baby, Baby Don't Cry by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (#78); Long Line Rider by Bobby Darin (#83); Daddy Sang Bass by Johnny Cash (#84); I Can't Help It (If I’m Still in Love with You) by Al Martino (#93); and Will You Be Staying After Sunday by Peppermint Rainbow (#95).

Calgary's Top 10 (Glenn's Music)
1 Abraham, Martin and John--Dion
2 Beyond the Clouds--The Poppy Family
3 Little Arrows--Leapy Lee
4 Elephant Candy--The Fun and Games
5 Recipe for Love--The Dew Line
6 Son-of-a Preacher Man--Dusty Springfield
7 Of a Dropping Pin--The Guess Who?
8 Bella Linda--The Grass Roots
9 Revolution/Hey Jude--The Beatles
7 Chewy Chewy--Ohio Express
10 White Houses--Eric Burdon and the Animals
Pick hit of the week: I'm Gonna Make You Love Me--Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Aydee Ramirez!

Died on this date
Paul Chambers, 33. U.S. musician. Mr. Chambers was a jazz double bassist who was a key figure in the development of the use of the instrument in jazz, serving as a bandleader or sideman. He was especially known for working with Miles Davis' "first great quintet" (1955-1963) and with pianist Wynton Kelly (1963-1968). Mr. Chambers developed addictions to heroin and alcohol, which likely contributed to his death from tuberculosis.

Diplomacy
In a treaty signed in Fez, Spain, Spain agreed to return its North African enclave of Ifni to Morocco on June 30, 1969.

Protest
A 73-mile march of Roman Catholic students that had begun on January 1 in Belfast, Northern Ireland was disrupted 7 miles short of its destination in Londonderry when 200 Protestants attacked 100 marchers, leaving 111 injured, including two policemen. The students were protesting discrimination in housing, voting, and employment.

Disasters
Two days of earthquakes in northeastern Iran killed at least 50 people and injured 300.

Floods in central Java left more than 2,000 families homeless.

40 years ago
1979

On television tonight
Family, on ABC
Tonight's episode: The Friend's Affair

Protest
The Ohio State Controlling Board approved an out-of-court settlement of the civil liability case that had come out of the shootings of students by National Guardsmen at Kent State University on May 4, 1970. The nine students who had been wounded and the parents of the four students who had been killed would receive a total of $675,000. The first civil suit had ended in 1975 with a judgment in federal court against the plaintiffs, but a retrial had been granted as a result of procedural errors in the first trial. After the state board made the award, the second trial was ended as it was about to hear testimony. A statement of regret that had been sought by the plaintiffs was signed by Governor James Rhodes and the 27 National Guardsmen who were defendants in the case.

Hockey
NHL-U.S.S.R. exhibition
Super Series '79
Soviet Wings 5 @ Detroit 6

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Vingar--Mikael Rickfors (2nd week at #1)

War
Two U.S. Navy F-14 fighter planes and two Libyan MiG-23 fighters clashed in international waters off the Libyan coast, and both Libyan planes were downed. U.S. Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci said that the U.S. pilots took evasive action, but that the Libyans closed in with apparent "hostile intent."

Politics and government
U.S. Vice President George Bush presided over a joint session of Congress--the first day of business for the 101st United States Congress. The principal task was the announcement of the votes cast for president and vice-president in the 1988 election by members of the Electoral College. Mr. Bush, the Republican party candidate for President, announced his own victory, with 426 votes to 111 for Massachusetts Governor and Democratic party candidate Michael Dukakis. One Democratic elector voted for U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen (Democrat--Texas), who had been Mr. Dukakis's vice-presidential running mate.

Economics and finance
The United States Congressional Budget Office estimated that the federal deficit for the 1990 fiscal year would be $141 billion, much higher than the White House estimate of $125 billion. CBO calculations were based on higher interest rates and slower economic growth than White House estimates.

25 years ago
1994

Died on this date
R. D. Burman, 54. Indian composer. Rahul Dev Burman wrote scores for 331 films from the 1960s to the '90s, mainly for Hindi films. He was one of the influential music directors of the Indian film industry. Mr. Burman was still working when he suddenly fell ill and died.

Defense
Slovakia and Lithuania sought membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a means of protection against any military threat from Russia. NATO responded with a proposal for non-member nations to obtain "limited association" with NATO in which such nations would not be given the full security guarantee that current members enjoyed.

20 years ago
1999

Died on this date
Iron Eyes Cody, 94. U.S. actor. Mr. Cody, born Espera Oscar de Corti, portrayed American Indians in at least 200 movies and numerous television programs. He's probably best remembered for his supporting performance as Chief Iron Eyes in the Bob Hope movie The Paleface (1948), and for shedding a tear in the "Keep America Beautiful" television public service announcements in the early 1970. Although Mr. Cody always promoted himself as an Indian, it was proven after his death that he was actually of Sicilian ancestry.

Politics and government
Former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura, who had been elected two months earlier as an independent candidate, was sworn in as governor of Minnesota.

10 years ago
2009

Football
NFL
AFC Wild Card Playoff
Baltimore 27 @ Miami 9

The Baltimore defense forced 5 turnovers, including a 64-yard interception return for a touchdown by Ed Reed with 2:30 remaining in the 1st half, as the Ravens beat the Dolphins before 74,240 fans at Dolphin Stadium in Miami Gardens.

NFC Wild Card Playoff
Philadelphia 26 @ Minnesota 14

Donovan McNabb completed a 71-yard touchdown pass to Brian Westbrook with 6:37 remaining in regulation time, and David Akers converted and kicked a 45-yard field goal--his fourth FG of the game--to clinch the Eagles' victory over the Vikings before 61,746 fans at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis.

January 3, 2019

270 years ago
1749

Journalism
The first issue of Berlingske, Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, was published in Copenhagen.

Americana
Benning Wentworth issued the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont.

170 years ago
1849

Torontonia
The Royal Lyceum Theatre opened, seating 700.

130 years ago
1889

Born on this date
Iris Calderhead. U.S. suffragist. Miss Calderhead was an English teacher who was an organizer in the National Woman's Party, advocating for women's suffrage in the United States until it was granted in 1920. Miss Calderhead advocated for women's suffrage within the League of Nations in the early 1930s. She died on March 6, 1966 at the age of 77.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Victor Borge. Danish-born U.S. musician and comedian. Mr. Borge, born Børge Rosenbaum, began his career as a concert pianist in his native Denmark. He was performing in Sweden when German forces occupied Denmark in 1940, and managed to escape to Finland and then to the United States. He was famous for mixing music and comedy into his performances, and continued performing until his death on December 23, 2000, 11 days before his 92nd birthday.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Dorothy Morrison!. The U.S. actress appeared in several Our Gang short films during the silent era.

Herbie Nichols. U.S. musician. Mr. Nichols was a jazz pianist who was best known for his instrumental composition Serenade, which became, with lyrics added, the song Lady Sings the Blues. Mr. Nichols died of leukemia on April 12, 1963 at the age of 44.

War
Soviet forces captured the only working railway connection to the Latvian capital of Riga.

Diplomacy
At the Paris Peace Conference, Emir Faisal I of Iraq signed an agreement with Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann on the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East.

80 years ago
1939

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Bobby Hull! The Hockey Hall of Famer was born in Pointe Anne, Ontario.

Politics and government
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, running unopposed, was re-elected President of El Salvador, while his National Pro Patria Party won all 42 seats in the Constitution Assembly.

75 years ago
1944

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Incredible Mystery of Mr. James Phillimore

War
In their second attack within 24 hours, U.K. planes dropped 1,100 tons of bombs on Berlin, reporting that the Chancellery building had been virtually destroyed. British troops in Italy improved their positions along the Adriatic coast and linked the cities of Villa Grande and Miglianico. Advance units of the Soviet Red Army west of Kiev reached the od Polish border after capturing Olevsk. U.S. planes completed two days of raids on the Burmese oil centre of Yenagyaung, dropping more than 130 tons of bombs.

Diplomacy
The Argentine Foreign Office announced the recognition of the revolutionary government of Bolivia.

Defense
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a draftee who objected to his classification must report for duty before taking court action.

Crime
A U.S. federal grand jury in Washington indicted 30 people on charges of attempting to incite mutiny in the armed forces and set up a Nazi republic in the United States.

Americana
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt deeded his Hyde Park, New York home and 30 acres of land to the U.S. government as a national historic site, retaining the rite of occupancy during the lifetimes of his immediate family.

Scandal
U.S. Rep. James Curley (Democrat--Massachusetts) and five associates of the Engineers' Group Inc. were indicted by a U.S. federal grand jury in Washington for fraud.

Labour
U.S. President Roosevelt named Walter Stacy as chairman of a committee to study alleged racial discrimination against Negroes by Southern railroads and three unions.

Disasters
Unexplained internal explosions sank the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Turner in New York Bay, with 15 officers and 123 men killed, and 163 survivors rescued.

70 years ago
1949

On the radio
The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring John Stanley and George Spelvin (Wendell Holmes), on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Malicious Moor

The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis, on MBS

Literature
Cheaper by the Dozen by Frank Gilbreth and Ernestine Carey was published by Crowell.

War
Egypt accepted the United Nations Security Council's cease-fire demand as Israeli forces advanced into the Egyptian Sinai desert.

Politics and government
The 81st United States Congress convened, as Representative Sam Rayburn (Democrat--Texas) was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives and John McCormack (Democrat--Massachusetts) was elected House majority leader. Senator Robert Taft (Republican--Ohio) defeated a moderate Republican challenge to his leadership of the Senate Republican Policy Committee. House supporters of the administration of President Harry Truman gained passage of a measure curbing the power of the House Rules Committee to block legislation.

Economics and finance
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, was established.

U.S.S.R. authorities in Germany enacted a two-year economic plan aimed at achieving 81% of the Soviet zone's 1936 production.

Labour
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of states to ban the closed shop, in decisions sustaining the anti-closed shop laws of Nebraska, North Carolina, and Arizona.

Disasters
At least 51 people were killed and 275 inured when a tornado struck Warren, Arkansas.

A cold wave in Europe caused 39 deaths with high gales and floods.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Tom Dooley--The Kingston Trio (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Io--Domenico Modugno (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): La Paloma--Billy Vaughn and his Orchestra (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): It's Only Make Believe--Conway Twitty (2nd week at #1)

U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Chipmunk Song--The Chipmunks with David Seville (3rd week at #1)
2 Smoke Gets in Your Eyes--The Platters
3 Tom Dooley--The Kingston Trio
4 To Know Him, is to Love Him--The Teddy Bears
5 One Night--Elvis Presley
6 Beep Beep--The Playmates
7 My Happiness--Connie Francis
8 Problems--The Everly Brothers
9 Lonesome Town--Ricky Nelson
10 Gotta Travel On--Billy Grammer

Singles entering the chart were The Girl on Page 44 by the Four Lads (#74); Wiggle, Wiggle by the Accents (#79); Tall Paul by Annette with the Afterbeats (#80); I'm a Man by Fabian (#85); Trust in Me by Patti Page (#86); I've Had It by the Bell Notes (#89); The Land of You and Me by the Four Esquires (#92); The Little Space Girl by Jesse Lee Turner (#97); O' Falling Star by the Four Knights (#99); and Song from "Some Came Running" (To Love and Be Loved) by Frank Sinatra (#100). As the title indicates, Song from "Some Came Running" (To Love and Be Loved) was from the movie Some Came Running (1958), in which Mr. Sinatra co-starred.

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Gulbahar!

Americana
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a proclamation admitting Alaska to the Union as the 49th state.



Asiatica
Maldivian separatists declared the independence of the United Suvadive Republic.

Diplomacy
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Ghanaian Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah issued a joint statement in New Delhi expressing hope that African nationalists would seek independence "through constructive and peaceful methods."

Economics and finance
The U.S.S.R. and Indonesia signed an agreement in Jakarta providing $85 million in Soviet aid for construction of Indonesian projects.

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
Vancouver's Top 10 (CKLG)
1 Shame, Shame--Magic Lanterns
2 Son-of-a Preacher Man--Dusty Springfield
3 I Love How You Love Me--Bobby Vinton
4 I Heard it Through the Grapevine--Marvin Gaye
5 Stormy--Classics IV
6 Going Up the Country--Canned Heat
7 If I Can Dream--Elvis Presley
8 Wichita Lineman--Glen Campbell
9 King Size--Jayson Hoover
10 See Saw--Aretha Franklin

Singles entering the chart were Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells (#22); Stand by Your Man by Tammy Wynette (#23); I Started a Joke by the Bee Gees (#24); She's a Lady by John Sebastian (#26); Star Crossed Lovers by Neil Sedaka (#27); Hey Jude by Wilson Pickett (#28); I'm Gonna Make You Love Me by Diana Ross and the Supremes & the Temptations (#29); and Rainbow Ride by Andy Kim (#30).

Edmonton's top 10 (CJCA)
1 Abraham, Martin and John--Dion (4th week at #1)
2 Wichita Lineman--Glen Campbell
3 Cinnamon--Derek
4 Sunday Sun--Neil Diamond
5 Little Arrows--Leapy Lee
6 Love Child--Diana Ross and the Supremes
7 Hey Jude--The Beatles
8 Son-of-a Preacher Man--Dusty Springfield
9 If I Can Dream--Elvis Presley
10 Going Up the Country--Canned Heat

Died on this date
Tzavalas Karousos, 64. French actor. Mr. Karousos appeared in numerous plays and films in a career spanning more than 35 years; his movies included Antigone (1961). Mr. Karousos died in exile in Paris, where he had gone after the Greek military coup of 1967.

Howard McNear, 63. U.S. actor. Mr. McNear was a character actor who appeared in numerous radio programs, movies, and television programs. He played Sanderson Taylor in the radio program The Casebook of Gregory Hood (1946) and played Doc Adams in the radio version of Gunsmoke (1952-1961), but was best known for playing Floyd Lawson, the barber in the television comedy series The Andy Griffith Show (1961-1967). Mr. McNear suffered a disabling stroke during the series' run, but returned to the program, with accommodations made for his disability. He had another stroke, and died 24 days before his 64th birthday.

Politics and government
Senator Ted Kennedy (Democrat--Massachusetts defeated Sen. Russell Long (Democrat--Louisiana) for the position of Senate majority whip as the 91st United States Congress convened its first session.

Ottawana
The Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton was set up by the government of Ontario.

Disasters
Officials in Rio de Janeiro reported 25 deaths, mostly children, from a heat wave.

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Y.M.C.A.--Village People

Died on this date
Conrad Hilton, 91. U.S. hotelier. Mr. Hilton founded Hilton Hotels & Resorts when he bought the Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas in 1919. The first hotel to bear his name was the Dallas Hilton, which Mr. Hilton bought in 1925.

Religion
California state officials raided Ambassador College in Pasadena and put the Worldwide Church of God into receivership, much to the displeasure of the church's founder and leader, Herbert W. Armstrong. The raid took place just six weeks after the Jonestown, Guyana mass suicide, which put alternative religious groups (popularly known as "cults") under closer scrutiny.

Hockey
NHL
New York Rangers 6 Montreal 2
Atlanta 4 Toronto 1
Vancouver 5 Pittsburgh 3

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Germany (Media Control): I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That--Meat Loaf (7th week at #1)

Africana
More than seven million people from the former Apartheid Homelands received South African citizenship.

20 years ago
1999

Space
The United States launched the Mars Polar Lander.

World events
Israeli authorities arrested members of the American group Concerned Christians, and had them deported. The Israelis were themselves concerned that the American organization, 60-80 of whom had disappeared from their homes and jobs in Colorado in October 1998, were planning to blow up the Al-Aqsa mosque on Jerusalem's Temple Mount in order to pave the way for the rebuilding of the Temple in fulfillment of biblical prophecy.

Football
NFL
AFC Wild Card Playoff
New England 10 @ Jacksonville 25

Fred Taylor rushed for 162 yards and a touchdown, and Mike Hollis kicked 4 field goals and an extra point as the Jaguars beat the Patriots before 71,139 fans at Alltel Stadium.

NFC Wild Card Playoff
Green Bay 27 @ San Francisco 30

Steve Young completed a 25-yard touchdown pass to Terrell Owens with 3 seconds left in regulation time to give the 49ers their win over the Packers in an exciting game before 66,506 fans at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point. The final San Francisco drive was aided by a controversial call in which receiver Jerry Rice appeared to have fumbled, only to be ruled down by contact with the field; the National Football League didn't use video review until the following year.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Pat Hingle, 84. U.S. actor. Mr. Hingle was a character actor who appeared in numerous plays, movies, and television programs, often playing blustery authority figures. He died of cancer.

Olga San Juan, 81. U.S. actress. Miss San Juan, born in New York to Puerto Rican parents, appeared in several films from 1943-1960, and won a Donaldson Award for her debut performance in the Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon (1951). She died of kidney failure after a long illness.

War
After seven days of pummeling the Gaza Strip from the air, Israel launched a ground offensive.

Economics and finance
The Genesis block, the first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, was established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto.

Football
NFL
NFC Wild Card playoff
Atlanta 24 @ Arizona 30

Kurt Warner completed touchdown passes of 42 yards to Larry Fitzgerald and 71 yards to Anquan Boldin, and handed off to Tim Hightower for a 4-yard TD rush, while Antrel Rolle returned a fumble 27 yards for a touchdown, helping the Cardinals defeat the Falcons before 62,848 fans at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.

AFC Wild Card Playoff
Indianapolis 17 @ San Diego 23 (OT)

Darren Sproles rushed 22 yards for a touchdown at 8:40 of the 1st overtime period to give the Chargers their win over the Colts before 68,082 fans at Qualcomm Stadium. Mr. Sproles, who rushed 9 yards for a touchdown with 42 seconds remaining in the 1st half, amassed 328 all-purpose yards: 105 rushing; 45 receiving; 106 on kickoff returns; 72 on 3 punt returns.

January 2, 2019

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Kathy Fincham!

1,950 years ago
69

World events
The Roman legions in Germania Inferior followed the previous day's lead of those in Germania Superior and refused to swear loyalty to Emperor Galba, but rebelled and proclaimed Vitellius as Emperor.

1,150 years ago
869

Born on this date
Yōzei. Emperor of Japan, 876-884. Yōzei, born Sadaakira, acceded to the throne at the age of 7 upon the abdication of his father Seiwa. Even as a child, Yōzei exhibited an extremely violent disposition. His aunt Fujiwara no Mototsune, who wielded tremendous influence, and imperial advisers forcibly removed Yōzei from power on March 4, 884 in favour of his father's uncle Emperor Kōkō. Yōzei lived in retirement until his death on October 23, 949 at the age of 80.

125 years ago
1894

Born on this date
Jim Londos. Greek-born U.S. wrestler. Mr. Londos, born Christos Theofilou, moved to the United States as a young man, and became one of the most popular professional wrestlers in the U.S.A. during the 1930s and '40s; he was National Wrestling Association and New York State Athletic Commission world heavyweight champion from 1930-1935 and 1938-1946. Mr. Landos died of a heart attack on August 19, 1975 at the age of 81.

120 years ago
1899

Born on this date
John Robert Osborn. U.K.-born Canadian soldier. Company Sergeant Major Osborn of the Winnipeg Grenadiers, leading a bayonet charge against the Japanese on Mount Butler, Hong Kong on December 19, 1941, two weeks before his 43rd birthday, threw himself on a Japanese grenade to save his comrades' lives; he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, becoming the first Canadian so honoured during World War II.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Barry Goldwater. U.S. politician. Mr. Goldwater, a Republican, represented Arizona in the United States Senate from 1953-1965 and 1969-1987. He was the Republican Party’s presidential candidate in 1964, but lost in a landslide to incumbent Lyndon Johnson. Mr. Goldwater was known for many years as "Mr. Conservative," but he was really a libertarian, and spent the last 17 years of his life railing against Christians. He died on May 29, 1998 at the age of 89.

90 years ago
1929

Environment
Representatives of Canada and the United States signed a treaty to preserve Niagara Falls, limiting the daytime diversion of water through their hydroelectric power stations to keep the spectacle for tourists.

Aviation
Canadian World War I ace Wop May took off from Blatchford Field in Edmonton with fellow bush pilot Vic Horner to deliver diphtheria vaccine to Fort Vermilion, Alberta, 411 miles northwest of Edmonton, in order to save lives and prevent an epidemic. It was -20°F (-28°C) with a wind, low ceiling and ice fog, and the pilots made the trip in an open aircraft, with oil burners to keep the vaccine from freezing, arriving the next day at 3 P.M. A crowd of 10,000 greeted the heroes on their return to Edmonton on January 7.

80 years ago
1939

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
St. Mary's 20 Texas Tech 13

Rose Bowl
Southern California 7 Duke 3

Orange Bowl
Tennessee 17 Oklahoma 0

Sugar Bowl
Texas Christian 15 Carnegie Tech 7

75 years ago
1944

Radio
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Dominion Network began broadcasting coast-to-coast, with lighter programs in the evening hours; it was discontinued in 1962.

War
Canadian troops took a strongly-defended peak 3 miles beyond Ortona on the Italian Adriatic coast. On the Kiev front, Soviet troops took Pulaski, within 14 miles of the Polish border. U.S. Marines moved 1 1/2 miles beyond the Cape Gloucester airport on New Britain, counting 1,000 Japanese slain. U.S. forces landed at Saidor on the north coast of New Guinea, 55 miles southeast of the Japanese air base at Madang.

Russiana
The Soviet government announced that the new national anthem, replacing the Internationale, was the Hymn of the Soviet Union.

70 years ago
1949

Diplomacy
The Vatican rejected a Hungarian government offer to negotiate an agreement on the status of that country's Roman Catholic Church.

Politics and government
Luis Muñoz Marín took office as the first democratically-elected Governor of Puerto Rico.

Sport
An Associated Press poll named the World Series champion Cleveland Indians as the best team in the United States for 1948.

Chess
Reuben Fine won the International Chess Masters tournament in New York.

60 years ago
1959

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): It's Only Make Believe--Conway Twitty (3rd week at #1)

Space
Lunik 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, was launched by the U.S.S.R. from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

The U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration urged the United States to launch two lunar probes in addition to five already scheduled.

World events
The day after Fidel Castro had taken power in Cuba, 6,000 members of his guerrilla force entered Havana and restored calm. Addressing the nation by radio from Santiago, Mr. Castro designated Manuel Urrutia as provisional President; Mr. Urrutia named Mr. Castro as commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Diplomacy
The U.S.A. renewed its protest against a recent attack on a U.S. plane by Soviet jets over the Baltic Sea.

Business
U.S. Attorney General William Rogers announced that General Motors had agreed to repay the U.S. government $4.9 million to settle claims arising from a 1952 Air Force contract for the production of F-84F Thunderstreak jet planes.

50 years ago
1969

On television tonight
Dragnet 1969, on NBC
Tonight's episode: Community Relations: DR-17

War
Israeli forces concluded two days of clashes in Lebanon against Lebanese troops and Arab guerrillas, in the wake of the recent Israeli commando raid on Beirut's airport.

Politics and government
Major Marien N'Gouabi was appointed President of the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), and promised a presidential election later in the year.

Stefan Sadovsky took office as Premier of the new Slovak Socialist Republic.

Terrorism
FLQ bombs were discovered in Ottawa.

Business
Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch beat off a rival bid to win control of the London-based News of the World newspaper group; it was his first Fleet Street newspaper acquisition.

Disasters
8 people were killed and 27 injured when two carbonic acid tanks exploded in a factory in Recelak, Hungary.

A fire in a tenement in Montreal killed seven people.

Boxing
Ken Buchanan (29-0) won a 10-round decision over Frankie Narvaez (36-10-1) in a lightweight bout at the National Sporting Club in Picadilly, London.

40 years ago
1979

Hockey
NHL-U.S.S.R. exhibition
Super Series '79
Soviet Wings 4 @ Philadelphia 4

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Kokomo--The Beach Boys (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Nothing's Gonna Change My Love For You--Glenn Medeiros (7th week at #1)

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
California @ Los Angeles 17 Arkansas 3

Rose Bowl
Michigan 22 Southern California 14

Orange Bowl
University of Miami 23 Nebraska 3

Sugar Bowl
Florida State 13 Auburn 7

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: It Keeps Rainin' (Tears from My Eyes)--Bitty McLean (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)--Meat Loaf (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)--Meat Loaf (7th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Chart Information Network): Twist and Shout--Chaka Demus and the Pliers

Died on this date
Dixy Lee Ray, 79. U.S. politician. Miss Ray, a Democrat, was Governor of Washington from 1977-1981 and was the state's first female governor. She was a marine biologist who taught at the University of Washington from 1947-1972. Miss Ray wrote two excellent books that were critical of the environmental movement: Trashing the Planet (1992) and Environmental Overkill (1993).

Politics and government
Rudolph Giuliani was inaugurated as Mayor of New York.

20 years ago
1999

Died on this date
Shepard Menken, 77. U.S. actor. Mr. Menken appeared in minor roles in the 1950s and '60s, but was best known as a voice actor in cartoons and commercials.

Disasters
68 deaths were reported as the result of a brutal snowstorm that smashed into the Midwestern United States, causing 14 inches of snow in Milwaukee and 19 inches in Chicago, where temperatures plunged to -13 °F (-25 °C).

Football
NFL
AFC Wild Card Playoff
Buffalo 17 @ Miami 24

A last-minute drive led by Buffalo quarterback Doug Flutie ended when he fumbled while being sacked by Trace Armstrong, and Shane Burton recovered at the Miami 5-yard line with 17 seconds remaining in regulation time to preserve the Dolphins' victory over the Bills before 72,698 fans at ProPlayer Stadium. Dan Marino's 11-yard touchdown pass to Lamar Thomas with 3:42 remaining proved to be the deciding score. Mr. Flutie responded by leading the Bills downfield, and passed to Andre Reed at the Miami 1-yard line; Mr. Reed, insisting he had made it into the end zone, argued with the official who disagreed and was ejected from the game, with Buffalo receiving a 15-yard penalty. The Bills had to settle for a 33-yard field goal by Steve Christie with 1:47 remaining to make the score 24-17. Buffalo then recovered a short kickoff and marched downfield until the Miami defense forced Mr. Flutie's fumble. Miami receiver Eric Moulds set a playoff record with 240 yards receiving, including a 32-yard touchdown reception.

NFC Wild Card Playoff
Arizona 20 @ Dallas 7

Jake Plummer passed for 213 yards and touchdowns to Adrian Murrell and Larry Centers to lead the Cardinals over the Cowboys before 62,969 fans at Texas Stadium in Irving. It was their first post-season win since the then-Chicago Cardinals defeated the Philadelphia Eagles to win the 1947 NFL championship.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Steven Gilborn, 72. U.S. academic and actor. Dr. Gilborn was a humanities professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Columbia University, and the University of California, and appeared in several movies, as well as recurring and guest roles in numerous television series. He played math teacher Arthur Collins in three episodes of The Wonder Years (1989-1990). Dr. Gilborn died of cancer.

Don Sanderson, 21. Canadian hockey player. Mr. Sanderson was a defenceman with the Whitby Dunlops of the Ontario Hockey Association. On December 13, 2008, he was involved in a fight with Corey Fulton of the Brantford Blast, and struck his unprotected head on the ice; he remained in a coma until his death.

January 1, 2019

310 years ago
1709

War
French troops commanded by Philippe Pasteur de Costebelle took St. John's, Newfoundland.

280 years ago
1739

Exploration
Bouvet Island, the world's remotest island, was discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.

170 years ago
1849

Academia
King's College in Toronto was secularized, becoming the nondenominational University of Toronto.

Communications
New Brunswick Electric Telegraph began service.

Journalism
The comic journal Punch in Canada began publication.

125 years ago
1894

Born on this date
Hack Miller. U.S. baseball player. Lawrence H. Miller, nicknamed for his resemblance to wrestler Georg Hackenschmidt, played left field with the Brooklyn Robins (1916); Boston Red Sox (1918); and Chicago Cubs (1922-1925), batting .323 with 38 home runs and 205 runs batted in in 349 games, and was 0 for 1 in 1 game with the Red Sox as they won the World Series. He hit .326 with 85 homers in 1,288 games in 12 seasons in the minor leagues (1914-1929). Mr. Miller was known for his incredible feats of strength, but he had trouble controlling his weight and using his strength to full advantage on the diamond. He worked as a longshoreman for 25 years after his playing career ended, and died on September 17, 1971 at the age of 77.

Died on this date
Heinrich Hertz, 36. German physicist. Dr. Hertz first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. The unit of frequency – cycle per second – was named in his honour. Dr. Hertz died of a rare form of vasculitis called granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Calgariana
Calgary was incorporated as Alberta's first city, under Chapter 33, Ordinance of North-West Territories. The population had grown to almost 4,000 people in the decade following the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway; it was the only community between Winnipeg and the Pacific Ocean with a water works and sewer system.

120 years ago
1899

Caribbeana
Spanish rule ended in Cuba.

Communications
Canada agreed on Imperial Penny Postage; a letter could be delivered anywhere within British Empire for 2 cents. The stamp was designed by Postmaster General Sir William Mulock.

Business
Kootenay Railway & Navigation acquired the International Navigation & Trading Company and the Kaslo and Slocan Railway.

110 years ago
1909

Born on this date
Stepan Bandera. Ukrainian nationalist leader. Mr. Bandera was a leader in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) who served time in prison in Poland (which then ruled eastern Ukraine) in the 1930s before being freed after the German invasion in 1939. Mr. Bandera, who believed that a German invasion was the best hope for an independent Ukraine, collaborated with the Nazis. Shortly after declaring Ukrainian independence in June 1941, Mr. Bandera's faction of the OUN participated in pogroms in 1941 which resulted in the murder of 4,000 Jews. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler was less than enthusiastic about Ukrainian independence, and had Mr. Bandera thrown into prison for the next three years. Mr. Bandera moved to Munich after World War II and organized the OUN abroad. On October 15, 1959 he was assassinated on the orders of the KGB at the entrance to his apartment building by Bohdan Stashynsky. On January 22, 2010, outgoing Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko formally designated Mr. Bandera a Hero of Ukraine.

Dana Andrews. U.S. actor. Mr. Andrews was one of the most prominent, if underrated, actors of the 1940s, appearing in such movies as The Ox-Bow Incident (1943); Laura (1944); State Fair (1945); A Walk in the Sun (1945); The Best Years of Our Lives (1946); Boomerang! (1947); The Iron Curtain (1948); Where the Sidewalk Ends (1950); While the City Sleeps (1956); Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (1956); Night of the Demon (1957); The Fearmakers (1958); and Hot Rods to Hell (1967). He also starred as Matt Cvetic in the radio series I Was a Communist for the FBI (1952-1953). Mr. Andrews died on December 17, 1992, 15 days before his 84th birthday.

100 years ago
1919

Born on this date
Carole Landis. U.S. actress. Miss Landis, born Frances Lillian Mary Ridste, was known for her performances in movies such as One Million B.C. (1940); Moon Over Miami (1941); and I Wake Up Screaming (1941). Miss Landis was in the process of divorcing her fourth husband and was having an affair with actor Rex Harrison; she was reportedly crushed when he refused to divorce his wife, actress Lilli Palmer, and committed suicide on July 5, 1948 at the age of 29 with an overdose of Seconal, although her family disputes the ruling of suicide.

Rocky Graziano. U.S. boxer. Mr. Graziano, born Thomas Rocco Barbella, was world middleweight champion from 1947-1948. His three title fights against Tony Zale were regarded as classics of ferocity. Mr. Graziano retired in 1952 after compiling a professional record of 67-10-6; 52 of his wins were by knockout, and he was regarded as one of the hardest punchers in boxing history. Mr. Graziano's autobiography Somebody Up There Likes Me (1955) was made into a movie in 1956, starring Paul Newman. He died on May 22, 1990 at the age of 71.

J.D. Salinger. U.S. author. Jerome David Salinger was mainly known for his novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951). He died on January 27, 2010, 26 days after his 91st birthday.

Died on this date
Mikhail Drozdovsky, 37. Russian military officer. General Drozdovsky served with the Imperial Russian Army in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. He was a monarchist and opposed the Bolshevik regime, and was one of the leaders of White Russian forces during the Russian Civil War. Gen. Drozdovsky died of wounds suffered several months earlier in a battle near Stavropol.

Disasters
270 people were killed when the British yacht Iolaire sank off Scotland.

Football
Tournament East-West Football Game (Rose Bowl) @ Tournament Park, Pasadena
Great Lakes Navy 17 Mare Island 0

George Halas caught a 32-yard touchdown pass and returned an interception 77 yards to lead the Bluejackets over the Marines before 25,000 fans in the second consecutive and last Tournament East-West Football Game (Rose Bowl) to be played between armed services teams.

90 years ago
1929

Vancouverana
The former municipalities of Point Grey and South Vancouver were amalgamated into Vancouver.

Football
NCAA
Rose Bowl
Georgia Tech 8 California 7

The difference in the game, played before 70,000 fans, was a safety touch scored by Georgia Tech on a blocked punt through the California end zone in the 2nd quarter, coming after California's Roy Riegels had recovered a Georgia Tech fumble and returned it almost 60 yards the wrong way, finally being thrown down by a teammate at his own 1-yard line.



75 years ago
1944

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Paper Doll--The Mills Brothers (9th week at #1)

War
U.S. Army Lieutenant General Ira Eaker said that American planes had made 64,000 offensive sorties over Europe in 1943, dropping 55,000 tons of bombs. Lt. Gen. Alexander Vandergrift took over as Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps. The Soviet offensive west of Kiev moved to within 27 miles of the Polish border. In an attack on Keviang, New Ireland, Allied planes left two Japanese cruisers and one destroyer afire as a result of repeated torpedo and bomb hits.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Labor Department reported that retail prices of staple articles had risen 3.5% in 1943, the smallest yearly increase since 1940.

Labour
Theodore Kheel was named executive director of the U.S. National War Labor Board.

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
Randolph Field 7 Texas 7

Rose Bowl
Southern California 29 Washington 0

Orange Bowl
Louisiana State 19 Texas A&M 14

Sugar Bowl
Georgia Tech 20 Tulsa 18

70 years ago
1949

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Teresa--Dick Haymes and the Andrews Sisters

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard) (Best Seller): Buttons and Bows--Dinah Shore and the Happy Valley Boys (9th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Buttons and Bows--Dinah Shore and the Happy Valley Boys (8th week at #1)
--The Dinning Sisters
--Betty Rhodes
2 On a Slow Boat to China--Kay Kyser Orchestra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--Benny Goodman and his Orchestra
--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra
--Art Lund
3 My Darling, My Darling--Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae with the Starlighters
--Doris Day and Buddy Clark
4 All I Want for Christmas (Is My Two Front Teeth)--Spike Jones and his City Slickers
5 Until--Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra
6 You were Only Fooling (While I was Falling in Love)--Blue Barron and his Orchestra
--The Ink Spots
--Kay Starr
7 Twelfth Street Rag--Pee Wee Hunt and his Orchestra
8 Cuanto la Gusta--Carmen Miranda and the Andrews Sisters
9 Maybe You'll Be There--Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra
10 A Little Bird Told Me--Evelyn Knight and the Stardusters
--Paula Watson
--Blue Lu Barker

Singles entering the chart were the version of A Little Bird Told Me by Blue Lu Barker and So Tired by Russ Morgan and his Orchestra (#32).

War
A United Nations cease-fire took effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight; war between India and Pakistan stopped accordingly.

Egyptian ships bombarded Tel Aviv in an unsuccessful attempt to impose a blockade on Israel.

New Zealandiana
New Zealand took possession of the formerly British Tokelau (Union) Islands, 300 miles north of Samoa.

Economics and finance
Poland eliminated all rationing.

Disasters
Heavy snowfall in Iran caused 60 deaths, as earthen houses collapsed in Tehran and other cities.

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
Southern Methodist 21 Oregon 13

Rose Bowl
Northwestern 20 California 14

Orange Bowl
Texas 41 Georgia 28

Sugar Bowl
Oklahoma 14 North Carolina 6

Gator Bowl
Clemson 24 Missouri 23

60 years ago
1959

Abominations
Cuban President Fulgencio Batista fled the country as Fidel Castro and his followers arrived in Havana and began a dictatorship over Cuba that continues to this day.

Diplomacy
U.S.S.R. leaders Nikita Khrushchev and Klementi Voroshilov, in a New Year's message to U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, expressed hope for an end to the Cold War and the arms race "with the aim of reducing nuclear tensions."

Tibet's Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, in a New year's message to Communist Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong, pledged renewed efforts "to build the new Tibet and great Socialist [Chinese] motherland."

Politics and government
The French Cameroons, a United Nations trusteeship territory, was granted full internal autonomy as a preliminary to full independence.

U.A.R. President Gamal Nasser ordered the arrest of 200 Egyptian Communist leaders and the closing of two Cairo printing firms funded by the U.S.S.R. and the People's Republic of China.

Energy
The Euratom treaty went into effect for West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

Economics and finance
The European Common Market treaty went into effect for West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

The National Hospital Insurance Plan went into effect in Ontario and Nova Scotia.

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
Texas Christian 0 Air Force 0

Rose Bowl
Iowa 38 California 12

Orange Bowl
Oklahoma 21 Syracuse 6

Sugar Bowl
Louisiana State 7 Clemson 0

50 years ago
1969

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da--The Marmalade

Australia's top 10 (Go-Set)
1 White Room--Cream
2 Little Arrows--Leapy Lee
3 Hey Jude/Revolution--The Beatles
4 Love Child--Diana Ross and the Supremes
5 Hold Me Tight--Johnny Nash
6 Those were the Days--Mary Hopkin
7 Chewy Chewy--Ohio Express
8 (The Lament of the Cherokee) Indian Reservation--Don Fardon
9 Elenore/Surfer Dan--The Turtles
10 All Along the Watchtower--The Jimi Hendrix Experience

The only single entering the chart was For Once in My Life by Stevie Wonder (#39).

Died on this date
Barton MacLane, 66. U.S. actor. Mr. MacLane was a character actor in movies from the 1930s through the 1950s, often as a "heavy." He played Marshal Frank Caine in the Western television series Outlaws (1960-1961), and played General Martin Peterson in the comedy series I Dream of Jeannie (1965-1969). Mr. MacLane died of double pneumonia, a week after his 66th birthday.

War
Israeli forces began two days of exchanges of fire with Lebanese troops and Arab guerrillas in the wake of Israel's commando raid on Beirut's airport a few days earlier.

The Viet Cong released three U.S. Army prisoners of war 51 miles northwest of Saigon.

Politics and government
President Ludvig Svoboda inaugurated the new Czech and Slovak federal government, in which Oldrich Cernik was again named Premier and Alexander Dubcek kept his post as First Secretary of the Communist Party.

Protest
Roman Catholic students in Northern Ireland began a four-day march from Belfast to Londonderry to protest discrimination in housing, voting, and employment.

Yellowknifiana
The Old Stope Hotel, an Old Town landmark, burned down; the huge cloud of black and gray smoke darkened an otherwise sunny sky in spectacular fashion. It was in the lobby of The Old Stope that Joseph Drybones was found drunk one night in 1967 and charged with a violation of the Indian Act. The subsequent court case resulted in a ruling that the Canadian Bill of Rights took precedence over the Indian Act--the only such ruling regarding the Bill of Rights in history.

Canadiana
Halifax annexed five western suburbs, increasing the city's population to 123,000.

Disasters
14 people were killed and 35 injured in a collision between a bus and a truck on the Cairo-Suez Canal highway.

11 farm workers were killed and 12 injured when a freight train hit a truck at Afyon, Turkey.

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
Texas 36 Tennessee 13

Rose Bowl
Ohio State 27 Southern California 16

Orange Bowl
Pennsylvania State 15 Kansas 14



Sugar Bowl
Arkansas 16 Georgia 2

40 years ago
1979

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Y.M.C.A.--Village People (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Chameleon Army--Pink Lady (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Tú--Umberto Tozzi (5th week at #1)

Abominations
The United States established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while severing relations with Taiwan. Republic of China President Chiang Ching-kuo called for the reconquest of China by his country, and rejected the People's Republic's offer of a resumption of trade and other ties with the Communist Chinese.

Albertana
The towns of Coleman and Blairmore, Villages of Bellevue and Frank, and Improvement District No.5 were amalgamated into new Municipality of Crowsnest Pass.

Labour
Québec's maternity leave policy went into effect; new mothers were entitled to 18 weeks of unpaid maternity leave, with the guarantee that their jobs would be held for them.

Disasters
The Greek supertanker Andros Patria cracked its hull off northeastern Spain, and the 30 crewmen who abandoned ship were reported missing.

Football
NCAA
Cotton Bowl
Notre Dame 35 Houston 34

With Notre Dame down by 22 points in the fourth quarter of the frigid Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Joe Montana staged his greatest collegiate comeback, coming off the bench and leading the Fighting Irish to victory over the Cougars with a touchdown pass to Kris Haines with no time left on the clock.



Rose Bowl
Southern California 17 Michigan 10



Orange Bowl
Oklahoma 31 Nebraska 24

Sugar Bowl
Alabama 14 Pennsylvania State 7

30 years ago
1989

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Teardrops--Womack & Womack (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Orinoco Flow--Enya (4th week at #1)

Environment
The Montreal Protocol came into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.

Economics and finance
The Canada-U.S. free trade agreement went into effect, cutting or eliminating tariffs on trade over a 10-year period, and setting up a dispute settlement mechanism.

Disasters
A ferry ran out of fuel and sank off the Caribbean coast of Guatemala, resulting in the deaths of 79 of the 120 people aboard.

Football
NFL
AFC Divisional Playoff
Houston 10 @ Buffalo 17

Quarterback Jim Kelly led drives that resulted in touchdowns for Robb Riddick and Thurman Thomas as the Bills defeated the Oilers before 79,532 fans at Rich Stadium in Orchard Park, New York in a game that featured several missed field goals and turnovers.

NFC Divisional Playoff
Minnesota 9 @ San Francisco 34

Joe Montana passed for 178 yards and 3 touchdowns to Jerry Rice, while Roger Craig rushed for 135 yards and 2 touchdowns as the 49ers easily beat the Vikings before 61,848 fans at Candlestick Park.

25 years ago
1994

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): Please Forgive Me--Bryan Adams (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy: Penso Positivo--Jovanotti (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Saturday Night--Whigfield (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): The Sign--Ace of Base (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): Please Forgive Me--Bryan Adams (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Living on My Own (1993)--Freddie Mercury (13th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Het pizzalied (Effe wachte...)--André van Duin (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Chart Information Network): Mr Blobby--Mr Blobby (3rd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Hero--Mariah Carey (2nd week at #1)
2 Again--Janet Jackson
3 All that She Wants--Ace of Base
4 All for Love--Bryan Adams, Rod Stewart and Sting
5 I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)--Meat Loaf
6 Breathe Again--Toni Braxton
7 Gangsta Lean--DRS
8 What's My Name?--Snoop Dogg
9 Said I Loved You...But I Lied--Michael Bolton
10 Shoop--Salt-n-Pepa

Singles entering the chart were So Much in Love by All-4-One (#66); The Sign by Ace of Base (#68); I'm in the Mood by CeCe Peniston (#81); Addams Family (Whoomp!) by Tag Team (#84); I Never Knew Love by Doug Stone (#87); Having a Party by Rod Stewart (#91); You Don't Have to Worry by Mary J. Blige (#95); and Funk Dat/Why is It? by Sagat (#97). Addams Family (Whoomp!) was from the movie Addams Family Values (1993).

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Cash Box): Again--Janet Jackson (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Canada (RPM): Please Forgive Me--Bryan Adams (5th week at #1)

Died on this date
Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, 93. 11th Governor-General of New Zealand, 1967-1972. Dr. Porritt was surgeon to the future King Edward VIII and was surgeo to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II. He served as a military surgeon during World War II. In 1924, Mr. Porritt won the bronze medal in the men's 100-metre run at the Summer Olympic games in Paris--the "Chariots of Fire" race. He won gold medals in the men's 100-metre and 200-metre runs and a silver medal in the men's 110-metre hurdles at the World Student Games in Warsaw that year. Dr. Porritt served as chairman of the British Empire (later Commonwealth) Games Federation from 1950-1966.

Cesar Romero, 86. U.S. actor. Mr. Romero appeared in many movies, often as a Latin lover, but was best known as the Joker in the television series Batman (1966-1968).

War
The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiated twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of Chiapas by seizing four towns, including San Cristobal de los Casas, the state's second-largest town. The rebels issued a statement objecting to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)--which they said would benefit only the wealthy--and to the expulsion of Indians from communal farmlands.

Law
A reformed Civil Code of Québec, the legal text defining civil laws in the province, went into effect, after almost 40 years of preparation.

Economics and finance
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect.

Hockey
NHL
Los Angeles 7 @ Toronto 4

20 years ago
1999

Economics and finance
The euro currency was introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden; Greece later adopted the euro).

Disasters
An avalanche destroyed a school gymnasium and community centre during New Year's celebrations in the Inuit village of Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec, killing 9 of the 500 celebrants.

10 years ago
2009

Died on this date
Claiborne Pell, 90. U.S. politician. Mr. Pell, a Democrat, represented Rhode Island in the United States Senate from 1961-1997, serving as Chairman of the Senate Rules Committee from 1978-1981 and Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee from 1987-1995.

Disasters
66 people died in a fire at the Santika Club in Bangkok.