August 14, 2015

975 years ago
1040

Died on this date
Duncan I, 39 (?). King of Scotland, 1034-1040. Duncan I succeeded his grandfather Malcolm II on the throne, and was killed in battle by forces led by Macbeth, who succeeded him as King. Duncan I was the basis for King Duncan in William Shakespeare's play Macbeth.

600 years ago
1415

War
Portuguese forces led by Henry the Navigator defeated Muslim forces of the Marinid dynasty in the Conquest of Ceuta in modern-day Spain.

175 years ago
1840

Born on this date
Richard von Krafft-Ebing. German-born Austrian psychiatrist. Dr. Krafft-Ebing was a pioneering authority on deviant sexual behaviour, and was best known for his book Psychopathia Sexualis: eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie (Sexual Psychopathy: A Clinical-Forensic Study) (1886), introducing terms such as "sadist," "masochist," "homosexuality," and "necrophilia." He died on December 22, 1902 at the age of 62.

130 years ago
1885

Technology
Japan's first patent was issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.

125 years ago
1890

Born on this date
Bruno Tesch. German chemist and war criminal. Mr. Tesch co-invented and made available to the German Nazi regime the insecticide Zyklon B, which was used by the Nazis to kill about one million Jews during World War II. After the war, Mr. Tesch was captured byBritish authorities, convicted of war crimes, and hanged in Hamelin Prison in Germany on May 16, 1946 at the age of 56.

Died on this date
Michael McGivney, 38. U.S. religious figure. Mr. McGivney was a Roman Catholic priest in New Haven, Connecticut who founded the Knights of Columbus in 1892 as a mutual aid society to provide financial assistance to widows and orphans, especially for immigrants and their families. He died of pneumonia two days after his 38th birthday.

80 years ago
1935

Economics and finance
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired.

Baseball
With 2 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 9th inning, the Cleveland Indians loaded the bases, and Odell "Bad News" Hale doubled home Earl Averill and Joe Vosmik to give the Indians a 7-6 win over the New York Yankees at League Park in Cleveland.

Winning pitcher Schoolboy Rowe batted 5 for 5 with a double, triple, 3 runs, and 3 runs batted in as the Detroit Tigers routed the Washington Nationals 18-2 before 7,000 fans at Navin Field in Detroit. Bobo Newsom started on the mound for Washington and allowed 6 hits and 8 runs--all earned--in 2 innings to take the loss. He was relieved by Jim Hayes, who allowed 6 hits, 4 bases on balls, and 7 runs--all earned--and committed a balk in 3 innings in the 7th and last game of his major league career, in which he posted a record of 2-4 with an earned run average of 8.36.

Jimmie Foxx hit 2 solo home runs to help the Philadelphia Athletics defeat the St. Louis Browns 8-2 at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis in a game that was played in 1 hour and 58 minutes.

Pinky Whitney drove in 2 runs in the first game and 5 in the second game as the Boston Braves surprised the Cincinnati Reds by sweeping them in a doubleheader by scores of 8-1 and 11-5 at Braves Field. The wins improved the Braves' record to 29-78, by far the worst in the major leagues.

The Brooklyn Dodgers swept a doubleheader from the Chicago Cubs by scores of 9-5 and 3-2 before 10,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. In the second game, Dazzy Vance entered the game at the beginning of the 8th inning in relief of starting pitcher Dutch Leonard, and faced 2 batters, allowing a single by Gabby Hartnett and hitting Augie Galan. Bobby Reis then relieved Mr. Vance and got his first major league save. For the 44-year-old Mr. Vance, it was the 442nd and last game of his 16-year Hall of Fame major league career.

75 years ago
1940

Died on this date
Millicent Shinn, 82. U.S. psychologist. Dr. Shinn was a child psychologist, and the first woman to receive a doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley.

Charlie Hollocher, 44. U.S. baseball player. As a rookie shortstop with the Chicago Cubs in 1918, Mr. Hollocher batted .316 and led the National League in hits (161) and total bases (202). Beginning in 1920, he began to complain of abdominal pain, which shortened his career. In 1922, his last full season, he hit .340 and struck out just 5 times in 152 games. Mr. Hollocher's physical complaints led him to quit the Cubs for good in 1924; in 760 career major league games, he batted .304, striking out just 94 times in over 3,000 plate appearances. Whatever physical problems he had were never diagnosed, and he worked at various jobs outside baseball. He died by shooting himself through the throat with a shotgun he'd bought the previous day.

War
British planes flew 1,600 miles to bomb the Italian industrial centres of Milan and Turin. Travellers reaching Chungking from Rangoon reported British fortification of the Burna-China border.

Diplomacy
U.S. and Japanese officials agreed to split jurisdiction over the former British sectors in Shanghai.

World events
Colombia claimed that it had eliminated fifth-column activities in the German-owned airline Sociedad Colombo Alemana de Transporte Aéreo (SCADTA).

Defense
U.S. Navy Secretary Frank Knox told the Senate Military Affairs Committee that conscription was necessary in face of the danger from the Nazis.

Politics and government
Republican Party U.S. presidential candidate Wendell Willkie said that he favoured creation of a permanent impartial board to enforce the Hatch and Corrupt Practices Acts.

70 years ago
1945

War
U.S. President Harry Truman announced that Japan had accepted the Allied terms of surrender in World War II. Japanese Emperor Hirohito tearfully told the cabinet that he could no longer "endure to see [my] subjects killed in the fire of battle...," and recorded the Imperial Rescript on Surrender (August 15 in Japan Standard Time).



World events
The Việt Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, launched the August Revolution in Vietnam.

Diplomacy
France ratified the United Nations Charter.

Moscow radio reported that the U.S.S.R. and China had reached an agreement on all questions of common interest.

Defense
The United States Navy announced that nearly $6 billion worth of prime contracts were being cancelled as a result of Japan's surrender.

Technology
The United States War and Navy Departments told for the first time the full story of radar. In London, Sir Stafford Cripps said that radar played a greater role in winning the war than the atomic bomb itself.

Politics and government
Ecuadorean President Jose Velasco Ibarra granted a general amnesty to members of the preceding administration of President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río.

Labour
The U.S. War Manpower Commission abolished all manpower controls over employers and workers.

60 years ago
1955

Died on this date
Herbert Putnam, 93. U.S. librarian. Mr. Putnam, the son of publisher G.P. Putnam, was Librarian of Congress from 1899-1939.

Baseball
Dick Hoover pitched a no-hitter for the Columbus Jets as they blanked the Richmond Virginians 10-0 in an International League game at Jet Stadium.

50 years ago
1965

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Help!/I'm Down--The Beatles

#1 single in France: Mes Mains Sur Tes Hanches--Salvatore Adamo

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Il mondo--Jimmy Fontana (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Il Silenzio--Nini Rosso (6th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Help!--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Help!--The Beatles (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I Got You Babe--Sonny and Cher

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I Got You Babe--Sonny and Cher
2 What's New Pussycat?--Tom Jones
3 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction--The Rolling Stones
4 I'm Henry VIII, I Am--Herman's Hermits
5 Save Your Heart for Me--Gary Lewis and the Playboys
6 Don't Just Stand There--Patty Duke
7 California Girls--The Beach Boys
8 Help!--The Beatles
9 All I Really Want to Do--Cher
--The Byrds
10 Down in the Boondocks--Billy Joe Royal

Singles entering the chart were We Gotta Get Out of This Place by the Animals (#65); Tickle Me (EP) by Elvis Presley (#79); Eve of Destruction by Barry McGuire (#80); Action by Freddy Cannon (#85); It's a Man Down There by G. L. Crockett (#86); Danger Heartbreak Dead Ahead by the Marvelettes (#87); Give All Your Love to Me by Gerry & the Pacemakers (#88); (My Girl) Sloopy by Little Caesar and the Consuls (#97); Hang on Sloopy by the McCoys (#99); and Summer Nights by Marianne Faithfull (#100). Tickle Me was the soundtrack EP from the movie.

Diplomacy
South Korea ratified an amity pact with Japan, under which Japan was to give its former colony (1910-1945) $800 million in grants and loans.

Protest
Three days of rioting by Negroes on the west side in Chicago concluded, while rioting by Negroes in the Watts section of Los Angeles entered its fourth day.

40 years ago
1975

Hit parade
#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Barbados--Typically Tropical

At the movies
The Rocky Horror Picture Show opened in theatres in the United Kingdom.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (2-1) 27 @ British Columbia (1-4) 24

A 38-yard field goal by Dave Cutler with 3:13 remaining in the game, and his single on a missed 39-yard FG attempt with 2:05 remaining after an interception by Wayne Matherne, provided the winning margin as the Eskimos defeated the Lions before 18,688 fans at Empire Stadium in Vancouver. Eric Guthrie, in his third season with the Lions, made his first start as a CFL quarterback, and played a fine game despite injuring a knee in the 1st quarter. He rushed 1 yard for the first B.C.touchdown in the 2nd quarter, and completed TD passes of 5 yards to Terry Bailey and 70 yards to Jim Young within a span of 3:08 in the 4th quarter to give the Lions a 24-23 lead. Roy Bell rushed 23 times for 101 yards, including a 4-yard run for the first Edmonton touchdown in the 2nd quarter. Don Warrington scored the other Edmonton TD on a 22-yard pass from Tom Wilkinson in the 3rd quarter. Edmonton defensive back Larry Highbaugh intercepted a pass late in the game when Mr. Guthrie, normally just a punter, faked punting, and threw a long pass. The Eskimos were unable to run out the clock, and Mr. Guthrie completed 5 straight passes to allow John Wintermeyer a chance to kick a 56-yard field goal on the final play, but the kick was unsuccessful.

30 years ago
1985

Died on this date
Gale Sondergaard, 86. U.S. actress. Miss Sondergaard, born Edith Sondergaard, won an Academy Award for her supporting performance in her first movie, Anthony Adverse (1936), the first year in which supporting performances were so honoured. Her other movies included The Life of Emile Zola (1937); The Letter (1940); The Spider Woman (1944); The Spider Woman Strikes Back (1946); and Anna and the King of Siam (1946). Miss Sondergarrd's career in movies was virtually finished when she supported her husband, director Herbert Biberman, when he was accused of being one of the "Hollywood Ten" Communists in the late 1940s. Miss Sondergaard appeared in numerous television programs from the late 1960s through the '70s.

25 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Jos haluu saada--MC Nikke T

Protest
A task force of 2,600 Canadian Armed Forces soldiers arrived to assist the Quebec police in dealing with Mohawk insurgents at Oka.

Football
CFL
British Columbia (2-3-1) 32 @ Saskatchewan (2-4) 30
Calgary (4-1-1) 20 @ Edmonton (4-2) 46

Joe Paopao threw 2 touchdown passes to Ray Alexander and rushed for another touchdown himself to lead the Lions. Tony Martino, replacing the injured Lui Passaglia, added 2 converts and 4 field goals. The Roughriders’ touchdowns came in the 4th quarter on passes from Kent Austin to Lucius Floyd and Ray Elgaard. 22,976 were in attendance at Taylor Field in Regina.

Reggie Taylor rushed 13 times for 165 yards and 2 touchdowns to lead the Eskimos to victory before a Commonwealth Stadium crowd of 35,104. Mr. Taylor’s second touchdown was a spectacular play: he took a handoff, moved to the right side of the line, saw there was no running room, and headed back to the left. Quarterback Tracy Ham threw a block for him, and Mr. Taylor raced for an 81-yard score, the longest rush by an Eskimo since 1977. Derrick Crawford scored 3 touchdowns for the Stampeders: the first on an 88-yard kickoff return; the second on a 42-yard punt return; and the third on a 4-yard pass from Terrence Jones. Mr. Jones and Danny Barrett, the Calgary quarterbacks, completed just 10 of 32 passes and threw 6 interceptions.

Baseball
Luis Polonia’s inside-the-park grand slam led the California Angels to a 9-5 win over the New York Yankees before 27,937 fans at Anaheim Stadium.

Jim Eisenreich’s game-ending home run leading off the bottom of the 9th inning was the only run as the Kansas City Royals edged the Texas Rangers 1-0 before 26,887 fans at Royals Stadium. Winning pitcher Steve Farr pitched 3 innings of relief, after 6 scoreless innings by starter Andy McGaffigan. Texas starting pitcher Jamie Moyer pitched 7 innings before being relieved by Gary Mielke, who took the loss. The Royals had just 3 hits in wining the game, while the Rangers had 7. Somehow, the game took 2 hours and 47 minutes.

20 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy: The Colour Inside--Ti.Pi.Cal. (8th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): El Tiburon--Proyecto Uno

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): A Kind of Christmas Card--Morten Harket

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Scatman's World--Scatman John

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 I'll Be There for You--The Rembrandts (5th week at #1)
2 Only Wanna Be with You--Hootie & the Blowfish
3 Can't Cry Anymore--Sheryl Crow
4 Somebody's Crying--Chris Isaak
5 Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me--U2
6 This Ain't a Love Song--Bon Jovi
7 Misery--Soul Asylum
8 Leave Virginia Alone--Rod Stewart
9 Made in England--Elton John
10 Water Runs Dry--Boyz II Men

Singles entering the chart were Be Someone by Junkhouse (#75); What Do You See? by Skydiggers (#78); She's Not in Love by Kim Stockwood (#81); Galaxie by Blind Melon (#82); This Way to Happiness by Glenn Frey (#83); Sweet Louisiana by Billy Pilgrim (#84); and Stuck in the Middle with You by the Jeff Healey Band (#85).

Died on this date
John Jaciuk, 64. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Jaciuk was a first baseman who spent 8 seasons in the minor leagues (1950, 1955-1961), mainly in the New York Yankees' farm system, including 4 seasons with the Richmond Virginians of the AAA International League. He batted .281 with 67 home runs and over 400 runs batted in in 1,141 games.

Football
CFL
British Columbia (6-1) 19 @ Toronto (2-6) 6

Danny McManus threw touchdown passes of 19 yards to Mike Trevathan and 78 yards to Yo Murphy, and the Lions didn't allow a point in the 2nd half as they beat the Argonauts before 17,084 fans at SkyDome.

10 years ago
2005

Died on this date
Coo Coo Marlin, 73. U.S. auto racing driver. Clifton Marlin participated in 165 Winston Cup races on the NASCAR circuit from 1966-1980. He never won a race, but had 51 top-10 finishes.

Disasters
Helios Airways Flight 522, a Boeing 737-31S jetliner en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashed in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew.