August 1, 2017

880 years ago
1137

Died on this date
Louis VI, 55. King of the Franks, 1108-1137. Louis VI "le Gros" ("the Fat") acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Philip I. He was a warrior king who spent almost all of his reign fighting either the "robber barons" who plagued Paris or the kings of England for their continental possession of Normandy. Louis VI, as his nickname indicates, became too fat in later years to lead troops into battle, and died of dysentery. He was succeeded on the throne of the Capetian dynasty by his son Louis VII.

230 years ago
1787

Died on this date
Alphonsus Liguori, 90. Italian clergyman. Rev. Liguori was a lawyer before joining the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1726 and in 1732 founding the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as the Redemptorists. He was best known as a moral theologian, with his best-known book being The Moral Theology (1748). Rev. Liguori was appointed Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti in 1762, but serious health problems and infirmities led to his resignation in 1775. He was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839.

175 years ago
1842

Protest
A parade in Philadelphia of over 1,000 members of the black Young Men's Vigilant Association celebrating the eighth anniversary of the end of slavery in the West Indies was attacked by a mob of Irish Catholics, leading to three days of riots.

150 years ago
1867

Died on this date
Manuel Cavallo. Chilean diplomat. Mr. Cavallo was Chile's Minister to Belgium.

Politics and government
Elections for state offices and members of Congress took place in Tennessee; William "Parson" Brownlow, a Radical Republican, was re-elected Governor, with 74,034 votes to 22,550 votes for Conservative Republican candidate Emerson Etheridge.

U.S. Army General Philip Sheridan, military governor of the Fifth Military District (Texas and Louisiana), "readjusted" the New Orleans Board of Aldermen.

110 years ago
1877

Politics and government
The seat of the government of the North-West Territories was formally transferred to Battleford.

125 years ago
1892

World events
A revolution in Honduras ended.

Diplomacy
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany began a visit to England.

120 years ago
1897

Economics and finance
Canadian Finance Minister Joseph Fielding brought in a heavy tariff, but with reciprocal provisions; the Fielding Tariff contained a 25% preference for British and Empire imports.

110 years ago
1907

Labour
Coal miners in Springhill, Nova Scotia began a strike that lasted three months.

100 years ago
1917

Business
Canadian Minister of Railways Thomas White announced the immediate nationalization of the Canadian Northern Railway.

90 years ago
1927

War
The Nanchang Uprising marked the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party.

80 years ago
1937

Politics and government
In the woods near Samobor, Josip Broz Tito read the resolution Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party).

75 years ago
1942

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Jingle Jangle Jingle--Kay Kyser Orchestra (3rd week at #1)

War
German forces claimed the capture of Salsk, a railroad junction on the Stalingrad-Caucasus line. Allied bombers attacked Axis-held Tobruk, Libya for the sixth time in a week. The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested 66 German, 15 Italian, and 6 Japanese aliens in New York City.

Diplomacy
The Argentine government announced that American author Waldo Frank would be expelled for his remark that Argentina was in the midst of moral decay.

Protest
One person was killed and nine wounded in a food riot in Paris.

Economics and finance
Canadian Finance Minister J.L. Ilsley said that the 5¢ coin would be changed to a copper-zinc alloy (Tombac), with a 12-sided shape to help distinguish it from 1¢ and 25¢ coins. The change in metal was instituted to preserve nickel supplies for wartime steel making. Parliament passed the Veterans Land Act (VLA) to provide settlement assistance to returning veterans.

U.S. Ambassador to Brazil Jefferson Caffery signed an agreement in Rio de Janeiro whereby the United States would purchase six Brazilian products at a cost of $32,490,000 over the next four years.

70 years ago
1947

War
The United Nations Security Council called on Dutch and Indonesian forces to cease hostilities immediately, and settle their dispute by arbitration or other peaceful means.

Defense
U.K. Viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten announced that units of the British Army would begin withdrawing from India on August 17.

Aviation
The B-29 Pacusan Dreamboat set a world non-stop distance record of 8,854.8 miles in two trips on a triangular course from MacDill Field, Florida to Tucson, Arizona and Washington, D.C.

Protest
Anti-British riots in Tel Aviv resulted in 33 injuries during the funeral procession of five Jews killed the previous day by British troops.

Science
Paleontologists in South Africa discovered the remains of the ape-man Australopithecus, an alleged ancestor of modern man.

Economics and finance
The Italian cabinet devalued the lira by 55%, establishing an official dollar exchange rate of 350:1.

Continuing his conferences with U.S. military government leaders in Germany, U.S. War Secretary Kenneth Royall denied reports that the United States had agreed to consult with France before raising the level of German industry.

Business
General Motors announced automobile price increases of 2%-6% for the next year, a move denounced by United Auto Workers of America President Walter Reuther as inflationary and "unjustified."

60 years ago
1957

Diplomacy
Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba declared that the new Tunisian Republic was "part of the free Western world" and "will remain so."

Defense
The United States and Canada reached an agreement to create NORAD - the North American Air Defense Command - to meet the threat from Soviet bombers. The formal agreement was signed on May 12, 1958.

Addressing a Peking reception celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Chinese Red Army, Defense Minister Marshal Peng Teh-huai asserted that the People's Republic of China had reduced her armed forces and cut her defense budget to 18.9% of the 1957 national budget.

Politics and government
In an effort to combat guerrilla activities in the Santiago area, Cuban President Fulgencio Batista decreed a 45-day suspension of constitutional guarantees and invoked censorship of domestic and foreign press and radio reports.

Labour
National Football League Commissioner Bert Bell announced the league's recognition of the NFL Players' Association as a negotiating agent for players.

Football
WIFU-IRFU
Pre-season
Calgary (1-1) 13 @ Montreal (2-0) 39
Winnipeg (0-1) 0 @ Hamilton (1-0) 21

50 years ago
1967

Died on this date
Richard Kuhn, 66. Austrian-born German biochemist. Dr. Kuhn was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins."

Space
The United States launched the probe Lunar Orbiter 5 from Cape Kennedy, Florida.

Football
CFL
British Columbia (0-1) 7 @ Calgary (1-0) 20

40 years ago
1977

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Walk Right In--Dr. Hook (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Katte ni Shiyagare--Kenji Sawada (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Fiesta--Raffaella Carrá (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Francis Gary Powers, 47. U.S. military aviator. Captain Powers was a pilot with the United States Air Force who joined the Central Intelligence Agency in the mid-1950s. He was flying a U-2 spy plane over Russia when he was shot down over Sverdlovsk on May 1, 1960. Capt. Powers was interrogated and held in solitary confinement for two months; he was convicted in August of espionage and sentenced to three years' imprisonment and seven years' hard labour. Capt. Powers, along with American student Frederic Pryor, was exchanged in Berlin on February 10, 1962 for Soviet KGB Colonel Vilyam Fisher, known as "Rudolf Abel," who had been convicted of espionage in the United States. Capt. Powers was a test pilot with Lockheed Aircraft from 1962-1970, and then flew a helicopter as a traffic reporter for Los Angeles television station KNBC. While returning from covering brush fires, Mr. Powers' helicopter ran out of fuel and crashed, killing him and cameraman George Spears. Mr. Powers was killed 16 days before his 48th birthday.

30 years ago
1987

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy: Who's That Girl--Madonna (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Voyage, voyage--Desireless (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): I Want Your Sex--George Michael (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Who's That Girl--Madonna

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): La Bamba--Los Lobos

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Who's That Girl--Madonna

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): La Bamba--Los Lobos

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Shakedown--Bob Seger

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Shakedown--Bob Seger
2 I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For--U2
3 I Want Your Sex--George Michael
4 Alone--Heart
5 I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)--Whitney Houston
6 Heart and Soul--T'Pau
7 Rhythm is Gonna Get You--Gloria Estefan and Miami Sound Machine
8 Point of No Return--Expose
9 Cross My Broken Heart--The Jets
10 Something So Strong--Crowded House

Singles entering the chart were Didn't We Almost Have it All by Whitney Houston (#42); Carrie by Europe (#81); Lost in Emotion by Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam (#84); Misfit by Curiosity Killed the Cat (#88); and Montego Bay by Amazulu (#89).

Canada’s Top 10 (The Record)
1 I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)—Whitney Houston
2 Alone—Heart
3 Shakedown—Bob Seger
4 Head to Toe—Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam
5 Funkytown—Pseudo Echo
6 Who’s That Girl—Madonna
7 Heart and Soul—T’Pau
8 I Want Your Sex—George Michael
9 You’re the Voice—John Farnham
10 Always—Atlantic Starr

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Shakedown--Bob Seger
2 I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)--Whitney Houston
3 Alone--Heart
4 Always--Atlantic Starr
5 Head to Toe--Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam
6 Funkytown--Pseudo Echo
7 Heart and Soul--T'Pau
8 I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For--U2
9 Nothing's Gonna Change My Love For You--Glenn Medeiros
10 Something So Strong--Crowded House

Singles entering the chart were I Just Can't Stop Loving You by Michael Jackson (with Siedah Garrett) (#74); Dance Desire by Haywire (#89); Since You've Been Gone by the Outfield (#92); Why Can't I Be You by the Cure (#95); and The Living Daylights by A-Ha (#96). The Living Daylights was the title song from the movie.

Died on this date
Pola Negri, 90. Polish-born U.S. actress. Miss Negri was a leading lady in silent movies, in her native Poland and later, in Germany and the United States. She was one of the leading "vamps" of the era, starring in movies such as Madam DuBarry (1919); The Cheat (1923); The Spanish Dancer (1923); Shadows of Paris (1924); East of Suez (1925); and A Woman of the World (1925). Miss Negri's career rapidly declined after she made a public spectacle of herself at Rudolf Valentino's funeral in 1926.

Benson Fong, 70. U.S. actor. Mr. Fong played Orientals in character roles for many years in movies and on television. He played Tommy Chan (Number Three Son) in the Charlie Chan movies from 1944-1946, when the series was filmed at Monogram studios.

Protest
As Saudi Arabia put the death toll in the previous day’s violence near the Grand Mosque in Mecca at 402—275 Iranians, 85 Saudis, and 42 pilgrims from other countries—and blamed the riot on Iran, denying that the police had fired any shots--a mob in Tehran sacked the Saudi and Kuwaiti embassies.

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (1-4-1) 28 @ Edmonton (4-2) 38

Matt Dunigan and Damon Allen combined to throw 4 touchdown passes as the Eskimos defeated the Roughriders before a crowd announced at 33,098 at Commonwealth Stadium. Mr. Dunigan connected on scoring passes of 7 yards to Chris Skinner in the 1st quarter; 17 yards to Stewart Hill in the 2nd quarter, and 49 yards to Stephen Jones with 54 seconds remaining in the game. Mr. Allen threw a 54-yard touchdown pass to Brian Kelly with 30 seconds remaining in the 3rd quarter. Jerry Kauric, playing his first CFL game, kicked 4 converts, 3 field goals, and a single for the Eskimos. Tom Burgess completed touchdown passes of 13 yards to Tony Dennis and 8 yards to Todd Brown for Saskatchewan touchdowns, both in the 4th quarter. Mr. Brown’s touchdown came with 1:02 remaining in the game, and was converted by Dave Ridgway. A short kickoff was unsuccessful, and Mr. Dunigan promptly completed the touchdown bomb to Mr. Jones. In addition to his touchdown reception off a fake field goal while he lined up as a tight end, Mr. Hill sacked Mr. Burgess 4 times. Mr. Brown led all receivers with 174 yards on 10 receptions, while Mr. Kelly caught 3 passes for 132 yards.

25 years ago
1992

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): Hazard--Richard Marx (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Kiss of Tears--Southern All Stars (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Rhythm is a Dancer--Snap! (10th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Sensacion de Vivir--Xuxa (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Knockin' on Heaven's Door--Guns N' Roses (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Le Chat--Pow woW (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): I'll Be There--Mariah Carey and Trey Lorenz (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Chart Information Network): Ain't No Doubt--Jimmy Nail (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Baby Got Back--Sir Mix-A-Lot (5th week at #1)

U.S. top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Baby Got Back--Sir Mix-a-Lot (3rd week at #1)
2 Wishing on a Star--Cover Girls
3 This Used to Be My Playground--Madonna
4 Baby-Baby-Baby--TLC
5 Achy Breaky Heart--Billy Ray Cyrus
6 Life is a Highway--Tom Cochrane
7 November Rain--Guns N' Roses
8 Just Another Day--Jon Secada
9 I'll Be There--Mariah Carey
10 Giving Him Something He Can Feel--En Vogue

Singles entering the chart were Sexy M.F. by Prince and the New Power Generation (#59); Twilight Zone by 2 Unlimited (#63); Jus Lyke Compton by DJ Quik (#73); Crossover by EPMD (#76); Nothing Broken But My Heart by Celine Dion (#89); Jesus He Knows Me by Genesis (#91); Everybody's Free (To Feel Good) by Rozalla (#95); and Do I Have to Say the Words? by Bryan Adams (#97).

Canada's top 10 (RPM)
1 I'll Be There--Mariah Carey (4th week at #1)
2 Just Another Day--Jon Secada
3 America--Kim Mitchell
4 Achy Breaky Heart--Billy Ray Cyrus
5 This Used to Be My Playground--Madonna
6 Too Funky--George Michael
7 The One--Elton John
8 The Best Things in Life are Free--Luther Vandross and Janet Jackson
9 Take this Heart--Richard Marx
10 Damn I Wish I was Your Lover--Sophie B. Hawkins

Singles entering the chart were Heaven Sent by INXS (#61); Baby-Baby-Baby by TLC (#72); Deeply Dippy by R.L.F. (#83); Do I Have to Say the Words? by Bryan Adams (#84); Days of Light by Roger Daltrey (#85); Sent by Angels by Arc Angels (#90); Last Chance by John Mellencamp (#92); Faces of Love by Nia Peeples (#96); and Stay by Shakespears Sister (#97).

Abominations
On the outskirts of Sarajevo, Serb snipers fired at a busload of Bosnian orphans on the first leg of a trip to asylum in Germany, killing a boy and a girl.

20 years ago
1997

Hit parade
#1 single in Germany (Media Control): I'll Be Missing You--Puff Daddy featuring Faith Evans and 112 (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): I'll Be Missing You--Puff Daddy featuring Faith Evans and 112 (4th week at #1)

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (1-5) 22 @ Calgary (2-4) 43

10 years ago
2007

Died on this date
Tommy Makem, 74. U.K.-born U.S. musician. Mr. Makem, a native of Northern Ireland, emigrated to the United States in 1955. He played several instruments and had a successful solo career, but was perhaps best known as a member of the Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem. Mr. Makem died of lung cancer.

Disasters
The I-35W Mississippi River bridge, spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, collapsed during the evening rush hour, killing 13 people and injuring 145.