October 13, 2015

240 years ago
1775

Defense
The United States Continental Congress ordered the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).

170 years ago
1845

Politics and government
A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approved a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the U.S. Congress, would make Texas a U.S. state.

130 years ago
1885

Academia
The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) was founded in Atlanta.

125 years ago
1890

Born on this date
Conrad Richter. U.S. author. Mr. Richter wrote about life on the American frontier in novels such as The Town (1950); The Light in the Forest (1953); and The Waters of Kronos (1961). He died on October 30, 1968, 17 days after his 78th birthday.

Died on this date
Samuel Freeman Miller, 74. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1862-1890. Dr. Miller was a physician before becoming a lawyer in 1847. He opposed slavery in his native Kentucky and moved to Iowa in 1850 and freed the slaves who had come to Iowa with his family. Dr. Miller supported Abraham Lincoln's U.S. presidential election campaign in 1860, and was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Lincoln in 1862. Justice Miller wrote 616 Supreme Court opinions, and favoured Mr. Lincoln's views, including the suspension of civil liberties during the American Civil War.

Music
Richard Strauss's tone poem Macbeth received its premiere performance in Weimar, Germany.

120 years ago
1895

Born on this date
Mike Gazella. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Gazella was an infielder with the New York Yankees (1923, 1926-1928), batting .241 with no home runs and 32 runs batted in in 160 games. The Yankees won American League pennants in all four of his seasons with them, and he was on the Yankees' World Series roster in all four years, but saw action in only 1 game, playing 2 innings at third base in the fifth game of the Yankees' seven-game loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1926, getting hit by a pitch in his only plate appearance. Mr. Gazella played more than 900 games in 10 seasons in the minor leagues (1924-1939), hitting at least 49 home runs. He died on September 11, 1978 at the age of 82.

110 years ago
1905

Law
The Ontario Provincial Police was established by Order-in-Council.

Baseball
World Series
Philadelphia Athletics 0 @ New York Giants 1 (New York led best-of-seven series 3-1)

New York first baseman Sam Mertes reached first base on an error by Philadelphia shortstop Monte Cross and scored an unearned run on a single by Billy Gilbert with 2 out in the bottom of the 4th inning as the Giants edged the Athletics before 13,598 fans at the Polo Grounds in a game that was played in 1 hour 55 minutes. Joe McGinnity pitched a 5-hitter to win the pitchers' duel over Eddie Plank, who also allowed 5 hits.

100 years ago
1915

At the movies
The Magic Skin, directed by Richard Ridgely, and starring Everett Butterfield and Mabel Trunnelle, opened in theatres.



War
The Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt marked the end of the Battle of Loos in northern France.

Baseball
World Series
Boston Red Sox 5 @ Philadelphia Phillies 4 (Boston won best-of-seven series 4-1)

Duffy Lewis hit a 2-run home run in the top of the 8th inning to tie the game and Harry Hooper hit his second homer of the game with 1 out in the 9th for the winning run as the Red Sox edged the Phillies to win the World Series before 20,306 fans in the last World Series game ever played at Baker Bowl. Mr. Hooper also homered in the 3rd inning, with both of his home runs bouncing into the stands, counting as home runs under the rules then in place. Rube Foster allowed 9 hits and 3 earned runs in pitching a complete game. Erskine Mayer started on the mound for Philadelphia, but was relieved in the 3rd inning by Eppa Rixey, who took the loss.

90 years ago
1925

Baseball
World Series
Washington Nationals 2 @ Pittsburgh Pirates 3 (Best-of-seven series tied 3-3)

Second baseman Eddie Moore led off the bottom of the 5th inning with a home run to break a 2-2 tie as the Pirates edged the Nationals before 43,810 fans at Forbes Field in a game that was completed in 1 hour 57 minutes. Ray Kremer pitched a 6-hit complete game to win the pitchers' duel with Alex Ferguson.

75 years ago
1940

On the radio
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, on NBC
Tonight’s episode: The Noble Bachelor

Football
NFL
Philadelphia (0-5) 7 @ New York (2-1-1) 17
Pittsburgh (1-3-2) 0 @ Brooklyn (3-1) 21
Chicago Cardinals (1-3-2) 21 @ Washington (4-0) 28
Detroit (2-2-1) 0 @ Chicago Bears (3-1) 7
Cleveland (1-3) 14 @ Green Bay (3-1) 31

AFL
New York (1-2) 7 @ Boston (2-1) 28
Cincinnati (0-4) 0 @ Milwaukee (3-0) 49

70 years ago
1945

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Till the End of Time--Perry Como with Russ Case and his Orchestra (Best Seller--5th week at #1; Airplay--5th week at #1; Juke Box--3rd week at #1; Honor Roll of Hits--4th week at #1)

Theatre
Strange Fruit, adapted by Lillian and Esther Smith from Lillian Smith's novel of the same name, received its premiere performance in Montreal before moving to New York six weeks later. The play was directed by Jose Ferrer, and starred Jane White and Mel Ferrer.

Died on this date
Milton Hershey, 88. U.S. businessman. Mr. Hershey founded the Hershey Chocolate Company in 1900 and the town of Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Ottawa (3-1) 25 @ Montreal (1-3) 8
Toronto (3-1) 10 @ Hamilton (1-3) 8

60 years ago
1955

Died on this date
Manuel Ávila Camacho, 58. 45th President of Mexico, 1940-1946. Brigadier General Ávila, a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, was Mexico's Secretary of Defense before winning a controversial presidential election against Juan Andreu Almazán. President Ávila supported friendly relations with the Roman Catholic Church; supported electoral reform; and declared war on the Axis powers.

Boxing
Floyd Patterson (26-1) knocked down Calvin Brad (9-6-1) twice and out, 58 seconds into the 1st round of a heavyweight bout at Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles.

50 years ago
1965

Music
The Beatles were at EMI Studios in London, where they recorded the song Drive My Car.

Movies
The Canadian government of Prime Minister Lester Pearson founded the Canadian Film Development Agency as a Crown corporation to help private filmmakers.

Politics and government
Moise Tshombe was dismissed as Premier of Congo (Leopoldville), and was replaced by Evariste Kimba.

Academia
A $2-million space science laboratory was dedicated at the University of Chicago's Enrico Fermi Institute of Nuclear Studies.

Baseball
The Philadelphia Phillies released veteran pitcher Lou Burdette. Mr. Burdette had begun the 1965 season with the Chicago Cubs, posting a record of 0-2 with an earned run average of 5.40 in 7 games before being sold to the Phillies on May 30 and going 3-3 with a 5.45 ERA in 19 games with Philadelphia.

World Series
Los Angeles Dodgers 1 @ Minnesota Twins 5 (Best-of-seven series tied 3-3)

Bob Allison hit a 2-run home run off Claude Osteen in the 4th inning and winning pitcher Mudcat Grant hit a 3-run homer in the 6th as the Twins beat the Dodgers before 49,578 fans at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington. Mr. Grant pitched a 6-hit complete game.



40 years ago
1975

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do--ABBA

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Toki no Sugiyuku Mama ni--Kenji Sawada (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Feelings--Morris Albert (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Swede Risberg, 81. U.S. baseball player. Charles Risberg was a shortstop with the Chicago White Sox (1917-1920), batting .243 with 6 home runs and 175 runs batted in in 476 games. He was one of the "Black Sox" players accused of throwing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds, and was banned from organized baseball after the 1920 season. Mr. Risberg worked at various jobs and played baseball in "outlaw" leagues. He died on his 81st birthday as the last surviving member of the banned "Black Sox."

War
U.S. President Gerald Ford signed congressional authorization for 200 U.S. civilian technicians to monitor Egyptian-Israeli disengagement in the Sinai Desert.

Diplomacy
Japanese Emperor Hirohito ended a two-week goodwill tour of the United States, the first by a reigning Japanese monarch.

Economics and finance
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announced the imposition of wage and price controls for 36 months.

Football
CFL
Montreal (8-5) 24 @ Toronto (3-9-1) 13
Calgary (5-8) 12 @ Edmonton (10-3) 21

Jimmy Jones passed 13 yards to Johnny Rodgers for a touchdown to open the scoring in the 1st quarter and rushed 17 yards for a touchdown with 7 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter as the Alouettes defeated the Argonauts before 37,023 fans at CNE Stadium. Mr. Rodgers had a punt return touchdown called back on a penalty, but his 18 yards in punt returns for the game gave him 769 yards for the season, 11 more than the CFL single-season record set by Mike Hagler of the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1958. Montreal fullback Steve Ferrughelli rushed for 103 yards on 23 carries. Doyle Orange scored the only Toronto touchdown on a 1-yard rush early in the 4th quarter.

Roy Bell rushed 1 yard for a touchdown in the 3rd quarter and Tom Wilkinson completed a 43-yard TD pass to George McGowan in the 4th quarter as the Eskimos beat the Stampeders in a dull game before 26,147 fans at Clarke Stadium. Mr. Bell rushed 21 times for 92 yards, while backfield mate Calvin Harrell rushed 13 times for just 35 yards, but caught 3 passes for 77 yards. Mr. Bell's touchdown was set up when Calgary running back Rick Galbos attempted to lateral to Willie Burden, who wasn't expecting the ball, and the fumble was returned 28 yards to the Calgary 5-yard line by Edmonton middle linebcker Dan Kepley, playing his first game of Canadian football. Led by Mr. Kepley, the Edmonton defense limited Mr. Burden to 54 yards rushing on 15 carries, including a 1-yard run for the only Calgary touchdown with 8 seconds left in the 3rd quarter. It was also the first CFL game for Edmonton defensive end Ernest Kirk and tight end Don Muse, who caught 1 pass for 11 yards.

NFL
St. Louis (2-2) 17 @ Washington (3-1) 27

30 years ago
1985

Baseball
American League Championship Series
Toronto 0 @ Kansas City 2 (Toronto led best-of-seven series 3-2)

Danny Jackson pitched an 8-hitter and the Royals scored a run in each of the first 2 innings to defeat the Blue Jays at Royals Stadium. Lonnie Smith had 3 hits and scored the first run. Jimmy Key took the loss.



National League Championship Series
Los Angeles 2 @ St. Louis 14 (Best-of-seven series tied 2-2)

The Cardinals sent 14 men to bat in the 2nd inning and scored 9 runs on 8 singles, 2 walks, and an error as they whipped the Dodgers 14-2 at Busch Memorial Stadium. John Tudor pitched 7 innings to get the win over Jerry Reuss, who lasted just 1.2 innings.



25 years ago
1990

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): Blaze of Glory--Jon Bon Jovi (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Sotto Questo Sole--Francesco Baccini; Ladri di Biciclette (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): I Can't Stand It--Twenty 4 Seven (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): I've Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): À toutes les filles...--Félix Gray & Didier Barbelivien (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): Show Me Heaven--Maria McKee (3rd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Verdammt - Ich Lieb' Dich--Matthias Reim (2nd week at #1)
2 I've Been Thinking About You--Londonbeat
3 Nah Neh Nah--Vaya con Dios
4 Tonight--New Kids on the Block
5 The Cult of Snap--Hi Power
6 Suicide Blonde--INXS
7 It's on You--M.C. Sar & the Real McCoy
8 Promise Me--Beverley Craven
9 Cult of Snap--Snap!
10 Groove is in the Heart--Deee-Lite

Singles entering the chart were Show Me Heaven by Maria McKee (#29); Lieveling, Heb Jij Me Niet Meer Nodig by De Vrijbuiters (#32); Una Donna Cosi by Marco Borsato (#34); Holy Smoke by Iron Maiden (#36); and The Obvious Child by Paul Simon (#38).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 Praying for Time--George Michael
2 Close to You--Maxi Priest
3 I Don't Have the Heart--James Ingram
4 Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice
5 Black Cat--Janet Jackson
6 (Can’t Live Without Your) Love and Affection--Nelson
7 Romeo--Dino
8 Something Happened on the Way to Heaven--Phil Collins
9 Everybody Everybody--Black Box
10 Oh Girl--Paul Young

Singles entering the chart were Impulsive by Wilson Phillips (#62); Missunderstanding by Al B. Sure! (#77); My Love is a Fire by Donny Osmond (#80); Love is a Rock by REO Speedwagon (#83); Miles Away by Winger (#84); and B.B.D. (I Thought it was Me) by Bell Biv DeVoe (#90).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Praying for Time--George Michael
2 I Don’t Have the Heart--James Ingram
3 (Can’t Live Without Your) Love and Affection--Nelson
4 Something Happened on the Way to Heaven--Phil Collins
5 Close to You--Maxi Priest
6 Ice Ice Baby--Vanilla Ice
7 Thieves in the Temple--Prince
8 Black Cat--Janet Jackson
9 Romeo--Dino
10 Oh Girl--Paul Young

Singles entering the chart were Miracle by Jon Bon Jovi (#48); Impulsive by Wilson Phillips (#50); My Love is a Fire by Donny Osmond (#61); Miles Away by Winger (#73); and Breakdown by Seduction (#84).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Something Happened on the Way to Heaven--Phil Collins
2 Blaze of Glory--Jon Bon Jovi
3 Release Me--Wilson Phillips
4 Oh Girl--Paul Young
5 Praying for Time--George Michael
6 Thieves in the Temple--Prince
7 Suicide Blonde--INXS
8 Can't Stop Fallin' Into Love--Cheap Trick
9 Girl with a Problem--The Northern Pikes
10 Heart of Stone--Taylor Dayne

Singles entering the chart were Concrete and Steel by ZZ Top (#56); Letter Back by Zappacosta (#59); So Close by Daryl Hall John Oates (#71); Rhythm of the Rain by Dan Fogelberg (#79); Lyin' to Myself by David Cassidy (#84); Still Beating by World on Edge (#87); Groove is in the Heart by Deee-Lite (#89); Ooops Up by Snap! (#91); So Listen by MCJ & Cool G (#92); Type by Living Colour (#96); and and Soul Inspiration by Anita Baker (#97).

Died on this date
Lê Đức Thọ, 78. Vietnamese military officer and politician. General Tho was head of the Central Organizing Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1956-1973 and 1976-1982. He and Henry Kissinger of the United States were jointly awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize "for the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam war and a withdrawal of the American forces," but Gen. Tho declined the honour. He died the day before his 79th birthday.

War
General Michel Aoun, who had led a Christian force that had fought the government of Lebanon for 11 months, surrendered after entering the French embassy to seek refuge from Syrian air and ground attacks.

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (11-4) 21 @ Toronto (8-7) 16

Robert Mimbs rushed 17 times for 90 yards, including a 7-yard touchdown in the 2nd quarter, as the Blue Bombers held off a late Argo rally before a SkyDome crowd of 33,269. Winnipeg quarterback Tom Burgess threw 8 yards to Eric Streater for the other Blue Bomber touchdown in the 3rd quarter, while Trevor Kennerd added 2 converts, 2 field goals, and a single. Lance Chomyc kicked 3 field goals for the Argos in the first half, which accounted for all the Toronto scoring until John Congemi connected with former Blue Bomber Jeff Boyd for a 13-yard touchdown with 40 seconds remaining in regulation time, converted by Mr. Chomyc. Rickey Foggie started at quarterback for the Argos, but left in the 2nd quarter with a finger injury, and was replaced by Mr. Congemi. The Argos completed just 10 of 32 passes for 149 yards.



CIAU
St. Mary’s 75 Cape Breton 16
Mount Allison 30 Acadia 11
Concordia 27 McGill 15
Bishop’s 29 Queen’s 20
Wilfrid Laurier 31 York 6
Windsor 31 Guelph 15
Western Ontario 42 Waterloo 20
Calgary (5-1) 32 @ Manitoba 15

20 years ago
1995

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Lucky Love--Ace Of Base

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Boombastic--Shaggy (2nd week at #1)

Economics and finance
The United States Labor Department reported that consumer prices had edged upward 0.1% in September.

Football
CFL
Birmingham (10-6) 29 @ Shreveport (5-12) 28
Memphis (8-8) 17 @ Edmonton (11-5) 34

Luis Zendejas kicked his third field goal of the game, from 42 yards, on the last play of regulation time to give the Barracudas their win over the Pirates before 21,117 fans at Independence Stadium. Mr. Zendejas' field goal came just 55 seconds after Bjorn Nittmo had kicked his seventh field goal of the game, from 43 yards, to give Shreveport the lead. Birmingham quarterback Matt Dunigan threw touchdown passes to Marcus Grant, Keith Woodside, and Schredrick Austin. Shreveport quarterback Billy Joe Tolliver connected with Norman Bradford for the Pirates' only touchdown in the 2nd quarter.

Eric Blount caught 2 touchdown passes from Kerwin Bell and rushed for another TD as the Eskimos beat the Mad Dogs before 30,111 fans at Commonwealth Stadium to clinch second place in the North Division. Eddie Brown, recently reacquired from Memphis in a trade for running back Lucius Floyd, scored the first Edmonton touchdown on a 32-yard pass from Mr. Bell in the 1st quarter. The Mad Dogs scored their only touchdown in the 4th quarter on a 9-yard pass from Damon Allen to Shawn Collins.



Baseball
National League Championship Series
Cincinnati 2 @ Atlanta 5 (Atlanta led best-of-seven series 3-0)

Charlie O'Brien hit a 3-run home run off David Wells in the bottom of the 6th inning to break a 0-0 tie as the Braves beat the Reds before 51,424 fans at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. Winning pitcher Greg Maddux allowed 7 hits and 1 run--earned--in 8 innings.



American League Championship Series
Seattle 5 @ Cleveland 2 (11 innings) (Seattle led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Jay Buhner hit a solo home run off Charles Nagy in the 2nd inning and a 3-run homer off Eric Plunk in the 11th to lead the Mariners over the Indians before 43,643 fans at Jacobs Field.



10 years ago
2005

Literature
The 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to British playwright Harold Pinter, "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms."

Baseball
National League Championship Series
Houston 4 @ St. Louis 1 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

Chris Burke tripled and scored in the 2nd inning, and singled in a run and scored in the 8th as the Astros defeated the Cardinals before 52,358 fans at Busch Memorial Stadium. Winning pitcher Roy Oswalt allowed 5 hits and 1 earned run in 7 innings.