November 18, 2016

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Patty Werbicki and Veronica Vamosi!

575 years ago
1441

Died on this date
Roger Bolingbroke. English cleric and astrologer. Mr. Bolingbroke was a member of the household of Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester and personal clerk to Eleanor, Duchess of Gloucester. Mr. Bolingbroke produced a horoscope for Duchess Eleanor predicting the death of King Henry VI, which if true, would have resulted in the duke becoming king. On July 23, 1441, Mr. Bolingbroke publicly confessed before Roman Catholic Church authorities that his actions were incompatible with Christianity. He was also one of three scholars accused of treasonable witchcraft against King Henry, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London until his execution at Tyburn, when he was hanged, drawn and quartered, with his head displayed on London Bridge.

175 years ago
1841

Died on this date
Agustín Gamarra, 56. President of Peru, 1829-1833, 1838-1841. Mariscal (Marshal) Gamarra was a career military officer who overthrew José de la Mar to take the presidency in 1829. Marsical Gamarra led troops to thwart rebellions in various parts of the country, and he opposed constitutional limitations on the president. He was obsessed with uniting Bolivia and Peru in a single country, and opposed the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy that went into effect in 1836. Mariscal Gamarra supported efforts to depose President Luis José de Orbegoso; the efforts ultimately proved successful, and Mariscal Gamarra was named President by Congress in 1838. He led Peruvian troops in a border war against Bolivia, and was killed in the Battle of Ingavi. Mariscal Gamarra was succeeded as President by Manuel Menéndez.

War
Peruvian and Bolivian forces clashed in the Battle of Ingavi in Bolivia. The battle resulted in a slightly higher casualty rate for the Bolivians, but Peruvian President and commander Mariscal Agustín Gamarra was killed, and the Peruvian Army left Bolivia.

130 years ago
1886

Died on this date
Chester A. Arthur, 57. 21st President of the United States, 1881-1885. 20th Vice President of the United States of America, 1881. A Republican, Mr. Arthur became Vice President under James A. Garfield, and assumed the presidency upon Mr. Garfield's death on September 19, 1881. Regarded as a "machine" politician from New York, Mr. Arthur surprised observers by enforcing the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. Suffering from Bright's disease, Mr. Arthur declined to mount a serious campaign for election in 1884.

100 years ago
1916

Born on this date
Lance Wade. U.S.-born U.K. military aviator. Wing Commander "Wildcat" Wade grew up in Texas, learned to fly in Arizona, and joined the U.K. Royal Air Force in Canada in December 1940. He became a flying ace, recording 23 combat victories (22 solo) before his death in a plane crash at Foggia, Italy on January 12, 1944 at the age of 27.

War
The Canadian Fourth Division again attacked the Germans on the Somme in the Battle of the Ancre; British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig then called off the Allied offensive, started on July 1, 1916, after a total gain of just 125 square miles along the Western Front, and the loss of over 600,000 soldiers killed, wounded, or missing in action. German casualties were over 650,000.

90 years ago
1926

Politics and government
Delegates to the Imperial Conference in London adopted the Balfour Report, which redefined the status of the countries in the British Empire and created a Commonwealth of Nations, which then made these countries autonomous with respect to foreign affairs; previously, Britain signed all treaties on behalf of Canada and represented the country at international conferences. During the Imperial Conference of 1926, which met in London from October 19 to November 23, the debate over the definition of independence was raised. South Africa and the Irish Free State called for full independence from the Crown, while Australia and New Zealand sought to retain close ties with Britain. The Balfour Declaration saw a new role for Britain and the self-governing Dominions, as "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations.”

80 years ago
1936

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Tommy-Joe Coffey!
The Texas native played his university football at West Texas State and spent 14 seasons in the Canadian Football League, with the Edmonton Eskimos (1959-1960, 1962-1966); Hamilton Tiger-Cats (1967-1972); and Toronto Argonauts (1973). At the time of his retirement he was the CFL's career leader in pass receptions (650), and in the early 1970s was the career scoring leader (923 points). He's on the Wall of Honour of both the Edmonton Eskimos and Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

Diplomacy
Germany and Italy recognized the Spanish government of Francisco Franco.

75 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Walther Nernst, 77. German chemist. Dr. Nernst was awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "[for] his work in thermochemistry."

Chris Watson, 74. Prime Minister of Australia, 1904. Mr. Watson, born John Christian Tanck in Valparaiso, Chile, moved to Australia at the age of 13, and took the surname of his stepfather. He led the Australian Labour Party from 1901-1907. The Labour Party held the balance of power in minority governments after the 1901 and 1903 general elections, and Mr. Watson led a minority government from April 27-August 18, 1904. He resigned as Prime Ministe when Governor General Lord Northcote refused to grant a dissolution of Parliament. Mr. Watson led his party thorugh the 1906 election and resigned his seat in the House of Representatives shortly before the 1910 election.

Married on this date
Serial marrier Tommy Manville Jr., 47, wed for the fifth time, this time to Bonita Edwards, 22, in Ridgefield, Connecticut.

Defense
Lieutenant General Sir Alan Brooke was named to replace General Sir John Dill as Chief of the British Imperial General Staff upon the latter's 65th birthday on December 25, 1941.

U.S. Navy Secretary Frank Knox announced that merchant ships sailing to Britain and Russia would be the first to be armed by the Navy. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt said in a message to the Congress of Industrial Organizations convention in Detroit that war material must be produced "without delay and without interruption." The convention passed a resolution backing all-out aid to the Allies.

Politics and government
The Japanese Diet adopted a resolution stating that the nation's policy had been fixed in support of the creation of an "East Asia cooperative sphere."

The U.S. House of Representatives voted 167-141 to reject a bill that would have enabled the Justice Department to hold non-deportable aliens for 150 days and criminal aliens for life.

Disasters
About 100 people were reported killed when a landslide wiped out the village of Mongua in northern Colombia.

Boxing
Jackie Wilson (88-20-7) won a 12-round unanimous decision over defending champion Richie Lemos (44-11-2) at Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles to win the National Boxing Association world featherweight title.

70 years ago
1946

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Rumors are Flying--Frankie Carle and his Orchestra (4th week at #1)
--The Andrews Sisters with Les Paul
--Betty Rhodes
--Tony Martin
2 Ole Buttermilk Sky--Kay Kyser and his Orchestra
--Helen Carroll and the Satisfiers
--Paul Weston and his Orchestra with Matt Dennis
--Hoagy Carmichael
3 To Each His Own--Eddy Howard and his Orchestra with Eddy Howard and Trio
--The Ink Spots
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra with Stuart Wade
--Tony Martin
--The Modernaires with Paula Kelly
4 Five Minutes More--Frank Sinatra
--Tex Beneke and the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--The Three Suns
5 South America, Take it Away--Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters
--Xavier Cugat and the Waldorf-Astoria Orchestra
6 The Things We Did Last Summer--Frank Sinatra
--Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra
7 This is Always--Harry James and his Orchestra
--Jo Stafford
8 Pretending--Andy Russell
9 Passe--Tex Beneke and the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--Margaret Whiting
10 I Guess I'll Get the Papers (And Go Home)--The Mills Brothers
--Les Brown and his Orchestra

Singles entering the chart were Why Does it Get So Late So Early by Monica Lewis and Bobby Doyle (#27); My Sugar is So Refined by Johnny Mercer (#30); and This Time, with versions by Jo Stafford, and Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra (#31).

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Elliott Lewis and Howard McNear, on MBS

Died on this date
Jimmy Walker, 65. U.S. politician. Mr. Walker, a Democrat, was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1910-1914 and the New York State Senate from 1915-1925 before serving as Mayor of New York City from 1926-1932. He was associated with the Tammany Hall machine and was known for his stylish dress, affairs with chorus girls, and opposition to prohibition. Mr. Walker was forced to resign in a bribery scandal in 1932. He died of a brain hemorrhage.

War
Generals Eberhard von Mackensen and Kurt Maelzer, German commanders in Italy during World War II, pled not guilty before a British military court in Rome that was trying them on charges of ordering the 1944 massacre of 335 Italian civilians at the Ardeatine caves.

Terrorism
Tel Aviv police, reacting to recent assassinations of policemen and British soldiers, rioted against Jews, firing into houses and attacking passers-by. 20 Jews were injured in clashes with British troops.

Diplomacy
French and Siamese negotiators agreed to create a commission with French, Siamese, and neutral representatives to study the dispute over the Siamese-French Indochina border.

Politics and government
Big Four foreign ministers meeting in New York reached a compromise on the powers of the Governor of Trieste, who would control police and have emergency powers to suspend legislation under the city's international statute.

Defense
Marshal Ivan Konev succeeded Marshal Georgi Zhukov as commander of U.S.S.R. ground forces.

Crime
Former Canadian Army officer David Lunan was sentenced to five years in prison for transmitting information to Soviet agents.

Scandal
The U.S. Senate War Investigating Committee ordered a subcommittee to begin hearings on the dealings of Sen. Theodore Bilbo (Democrat--Mississippi) with war contractors in 1942.

Transportation
Preparing for a possible coal strike, the U.S. Office of Defense Transportation ordered a 25% reduction in passenger train service and halted the movement of all trains not required as common carriers.

Economics and finance
U.K. Fuel and Power Minister Emanuel Shinwell announced that the government would take over ownership of coal mines on January 1, 1947.

Labour
The U.S. Justice Department obtained a nine-day restraining order from a federal district court in Washington, requiring Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers of America President John L. Lewis to revoke his contract termination notice.

Football
AAFC
Buffalo (3-8-1) 14 @ Miami (2-8) 21

60 years ago
1956

On television tonight
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on CBS
Tonight's episode: Conversation Over a Corpse, starring Dorothy Stickney, Carmen Mathews, and Ray Collins

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Warren Moon!

War
Rejecting Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin's suggestion that Israel pay compensation to Egypt for war-related damage, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion contended that Israel should be the country compensated for the 1948 Arab invasion, the ensuing Egyptian blockade, and fedayeen raids.

Diplomacy
High-level Soviet and Polish delegations concluded four days of talks in Moscow with an agreement permitting continued stationing of U.S.S.R. troops in Poland in return for a Soviet promise to avoid interference in Poland's internal affairs.

Labour
The United Rubber Workers Union ended an 18-day strike against Firestone Tire and Rubber Company by ratifying contract terms that altered rules for seniority, leave of absence, and computation of overtime and vacations.

Football
NFL
New York (6-2) 7 @ Washington (4-3) 33
Cleveland (3-5) 16 @ Philadelphia (3-5) 0
Chicago Cardinals (5-3) 7 @ Pittsburgh (3-5) 14
Baltimore (3-4) 3 @ Detroit (7-1) 27
Los Angeles (2-6) 21 @ Chicago Bears (7-1) 30
San Francisco (2-6) 17 @ Green Bay (2-6) 16

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Sweet Pea--Tommy Roe (2nd week at #1)

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 Winchester Cathedral--The New Vaudeville Band (3rd week at #1)
2 If I Were a Carpenter--Bobby Darin
3 Lady Godiva--Peter and Gordon
4 Good Vibrations--The Beach Boys
5 I Can't Control Myself--The Troggs
6 96 Tears--? (Question Mark) & the Mysterians
7 Spin, Spin--Gordon Lightfoot
8 Walk Away Renee--The Left Banke
9 Dandy--Herman's Hermits
10 (You Don't Have To) Paint Me a Picture--Gary Lewis and the Playboys
Pick hit of the week: Hi Hi Hazel--Gary and the Hornets
New this week: Cry Baby--Lennie Richards and the Nomads
Happenings Ten Years Time Ago--The Yardbirds
Please Don't Ever Leave Me--The Cyrkle
A Place in the Sun--Stevie Wonder
The Proud One--Frankie Valli

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Darren Flutie!

Died on this date
Greatest Crawford. U.S. boxer. Mr. Crawford, who fought mainly as a light heavyweight, compiled a record of 17-10-2 in a professional career that began in 1958. He lost five of his last six fights, and died two days after being knocked out by Marion Conner in the 9th round of a bout at Memorial Auditorium in Canton, Ohio.

Religion
U.S. Roman Catholic bishops did away with the rule against eating meat on Fridays, a month after Canadian bishops had done the same.

Baseball
Sandy Koufax announced his retirement after 12 seasons with the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers because of arthritis in his left elbow. Mr. Koufax was the major leagues' most dominant pitcher in the last half of his career, and finished with a career record of 165-87 with an earned run average of 2.76, 40 shutouts, and four no-hitters, including a perfect game. In his last season, Mr. Koufax was 27-9, leading the National League in wins, earned run average (1.73), strikeouts (317), and complete games (27), and tied for the NL lead in games started (41) and shutouts (5). He declined to accompany the Dodgers on a post-season tour of Japan, and made his retirement announcement while the team was still in Japan. Mr. Koufax was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972, his first year of eligibility.

40 years ago
1976

Died on this date
Man Ray, 86. U.S.-born French photographer and painter. Mr. Ray, born Emmanuel Radnitzky, was a major figure in the Dada and Surrealist movements.

Politics and government
Spain's Cortes (parliament) approved a bill to establish a democracy and make it an elected body after 37 years of dictatorship.

30 years ago
1986

Died on this date
Gia Carangi, 26. U.S. model. Miss Carangi has been called the world's first supermodel; she appeared on the covers of many fashion magazines in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but became a cocaine and heroin addict, and died of AIDS.

25 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Alone--B'z (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): Onnellinen perhe--Ne Luumäet (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Let's Talk About Sex--Salt-N-Pepa

Died on this date
Gustáv Husák, 78. 9th President of Czechoslovakia, 1975-1989. Mr. Husák was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1969-1987, leading the period of "Normalization" after the "Prague Spring" under Alexander Dubček in 1968. Mr. Husák resigned as First Secretary in favour of Miloš Jakeš, remaining as President until December 10, 1989, when the Communist government fell.

War
After an 87-day siege, the Croatian city of Vukovar capitulated to the besieging Yugoslav People's Army and allied Serb paramilitary forces.

Diplomacy
Church of England envoy Terry Waite was freed by his Islamic captors after four years of captivity in Beirut.

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Child--Mark Owen

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Breathe--The Prodigy

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)--Backstreet Boys (2nd week at #1)

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Head Over Feet--Alanis Morissette
2 If it Makes You Happy--Sheryl Crow
3 He Liked to Feel It--Crash Test Dummies
4 It's All Coming Back to Me Now--Celine Dion
5 Leave it Alone--Moist
6 Beautiful Goodbye--Amanda Marshall
7 Everything You've Done Wrong--Sloan
8 Let's Make a Night to Remember--Bryan Adams
9 What's Up with That--ZZ Top
10 As Long as it Matters--Gin Blossoms

Singles entering the chart were The Beautiful People by Marilyn Manson (#94); Swallowed by Bush X (#95); I'm So Happy I Can't Stop Crying by Sting (#96); Blow Up the Outside World by Soundgarden (#99); and The Tears I Cry by Gavin Hope (#100).

Politics and government
Pat Binns led the Progressive Conservative Party to victory in the Prince Edward Island provincial election, ending 10 years of Liberal Party government. The PCs captured 18 of 27 seats in the Legislative Assembly, up from just 1 seat in the 1993 election. The Liberals, led by Premier Keith Milligan, were reduced from 31 seats to 8; New Democratic Party leader Herb Dickieson was the only member of his party to be elected. It was the first P.E.I. provincial election since 1893 in which there were no multi-member constituencies.

Disasters
A fire occurred on a train travelling through the Channel Tunnel from France to England, causing several injuries and damaging approximately 1,600 feet of tunnel.

10 years ago
2006

Football
CIS
Uteck Bowl
Acadia 10 @ Laval 57