July 31, 2016

275 years ago
1741

War
Charles Albert of Bavaria invaded Upper Austria and Bohemia.

130 years ago
1886

Born on this date
Salvatore Maranzano. Italian-born U.S. gangster. Mr. Maranzano, nicknamed "Little Caesar" because of his fascination with Julius Caesar, was born in Sicily and became involved in organized crime in his homeland before emigrating to the United States in the 1920s, settling in Brooklyn, New York. He instigated the Castellammarese War in 1930 to seize control of the American Mafia, and was briefly "capo di tutti capi" ("boss of all bosses") in 1931 after rival faction head Joe Masseria was murdered. Mr. Maranzano formed the Five Families in New York City, but was murdered by four Jewish gangsters acting on the orders of Charles "Lucky" Luciano. Mr. Maranzano had intended to kill Mr. Luciano, but Mr. Luciano heard of Mr. Maranzano's plan and decided to act first. Two of the four Jewish gangsters unknown to Mr. Maranzano, disarmed Mr. Maranzano's guards, while the other two stabbed Mr. Maranzano multiple times before shooting him to death on September 10, 1931 at the age of 45. Mr. Luciano subsequently created The Commission to govern organized crime.

Died on this date
Franz Liszt, 74. Hungarian musician and composer. Mr. Liszt was the most praised pianist of his day, and composed works too numerous to mention here.

125 years ago
1891

Baseball
Amos Rusie pitched a no-hitter for the New York Giants as they shut out the Brooklyn Bridegrooms 6-0 at the Polo Grounds in New York. Mr. Rusie walked 8 batters and hit 1. Adonis Terry took the loss.

100 years ago
1916

Born on this date
Bill Todman. U.S. radio and television producer. Mr. Todman and his partner Mark Goodson produced numerous radio and television game shows, including What's My Line?; Beat the Clock; The Price is Right; and Family Feud. Mr. Todman died of a heart condition on July 29, 1979, two days before his 63rd birthday.

Billy Hitchcock. U.S. baseball player, coach, manager, and executive. Mr. Hitchcock was a utility infielder with the Detroit Tigers (1942, 1946, 1953); Washington Nationals (1946); St. Louis Browns (1946); Boston Red Sox (1948-1949); and Philadelphia Athletics (1950-1952), batting .243 with 5 home runs and 257 runs batted in in 703 games. He served as third base coach with the Tigers from 1955-1960, managing the team for one game in 1960. Mr. Hitchcock managed the Baltimore Orioles (1962-1963) and Atlanta Braves (1966-1967), compiling a career record of 274-261. He was a scout with the Montreal Expos from 1968-1971, and was President of the AA Southern League from 1971-1980. The SL championship trophy is named after Mr. Hitchock, and he was given the King of Baseball Award for 1980 for his contribution to the game. Mr. Hitchcock died on April 9, 2006 at the age of 89.

80 years ago
1936

Olympics
In Berlin, a preliminary international organization was effected with the intention of making baseball an Olympic sport. Leslie Mann, manager of the U.S. team currently in Berlin to give exhibitions, and Dinty Dennis, U.S. general manager, were elected chairman and secretary, respectively. At least 10 nations were assured of participating in the group: U.S.A.; Canada; Japan; Mexico; Chile; China; France; England; Belgium; and the Netherlands. Mr. Mann said that baseball would be on the program for the 1940 Olympics in Tokyo.

75 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square--Vera Lynn; West End Players (3rd month at #1)

War
The U.S.S.R. reported that Soviet forces had driven the Germans back in the Smolensk area. Japanese Prime Minister Prince Fumimaro Konoye said that Japan must move ahead to create a "Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere" and prepare for war.

Reports from Peru and Ecuador stated that border hostilities between the countries had ceased at 6 P.M. after Ecuador agreed to cancel a previous order for general mobilization.

Diplomacy
U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles said that the Japanese bombing of the U.S. gunboat Tutulia near the Chinese capital of Chungking was a closed incident, after the Japanese government expressed regret and offered to pay for damages.

Defense
U.S. Army Brigadier General Lewis Hershey, deputy director of U.S. Selective Service, was named director, and was immeidately confirmed by the Senate.

U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created an Economic Defense Board, with Vice President Henry Wallace as Chairman, to advise him on economic defense measures and prepare for postwar economic reconstruction.

Oil
U.S. Interior Secretary Harold Ickes recommended that 100,000 gasoline and oil filling stations on the Eastern seaboard close from 7 P.M. to 7 A.M. daily, beginning August 3, to alleviate the growing oil and gasoline shortage.

Abominations
Under instructions from German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring ordered SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question."

Politics and government
Egyptian Prime Minister Hussein Sirry Pasha formed a new cabinet, including five pro-British Saadist Party members, five Liberals, and five independents.

Religion
The Berlin news commentary Dienst aus Deutschland reported that Fuehrer Adolf Hitler had banned Christian Science in Germany.

Economics and finance
The Japanese government announced that Australian, Burmese, and Malayan assets in Japan would be frozen effective August 1, 1941.

Business
Several American importers filed suit against the Japanese liner Tatuta Maru seeking possession of goods aboard the vessel, which had docked in San Francisco the previous day.

Baseball
The St. Louis Browns and Boston Red Sox split a doubleheader before 25,000 fans at Fenway Park in Boston. The Browns scored 6 runs in the top of the 9th inning to win the first game 16-11, and the Red Sox won the second game, which was called after 7½ innings because of a thick mist covering the field, 4-1. Roy Cullenbine hit a grand slam in the first game for the Browns, drove in 5 runs, and scored 5, while Ted Williams hit a grand slam for the Red Sox.

Charlie Keller hit a 3-run home run with 2 out in the bottom of the 13th inning to give the New York Yankees a 6-3 win in the first game of a doubleheader before 14,795 fans at Yankee Stadium. Spud Chandler pitched a 4-hit shutout and Joe DiMaggio hit a solo homer and singled in 2 runs as the Yankkes completed the sweep with a 5-0 win in the second game, which was called after 7½ innings because of darkness.

Pinch hitter Chuck Aleno singled home Eddie Joost and Ernie Koy with 1 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Cincinnati Reds a 6-5 win over the New York Giants before 1,660 fans at Crosley Field in Cincinnati.

Stu Martin had 3 singles and drove in 5 runs as the Pittsburgh Pirates edged the Boston Braves 9-8 before 1,870 fans at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. The Pirates led 9-1 after 7 innings, but the Braves scored 5 in the 8th inning and 2 in the 9th.

70 years ago
1946

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): I'm Beginning to See the Light--Ella Fitzgerald and the Ink Spots; Duke Ellington (1st month at #1)

Diplomacy
U.S. Army Captain Harold Cobin and Lieutenant George Wyatt were released by Soviet authorities in Berlin after being held for 26 days on espionage charges.

The U.S. Senate ratified a treaty establishing relations with the Philippine Republic.

Terrorism
An arms cache, counterfeiting equipment, and almost a million dollars in forged government bonds were discovered by British troops in Tel Aviv's largest synagogue.

Politics and government
The United States Senate killed an anti-poll tax bill be refusing to limit debate on the measure.

Energy
U.S.S.R. representative Andrei Gromyko told the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission that the U.S. proposal for international inspection of atomic energy developments was an infringement of national sovereignty.

Aviation
Curtiss-Wright Corporation demonstrated a new million-dollar pilot training device capable of simulating all flight conditions.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Harry Truman signed a bill authorizing the Treasury to sell silver at 90.5c per ounce and liberalizing railroad unemployment compensation and retirement benefits.

Business
The U.S. Senate-House of Representatives conference committee sent President Truman the Wheeler-Reed railroad bill, which would allow termination of bankruptcy proceedings against seven major railroads, including the Missouri Pacific and the New Haven & Rock Island, showing specific improvements in their financial positions.

60 years ago
1956

Died on this date
John F. Noll, 81. U.S. clergyman. Rev. Noll was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Fort Wayne, Indiana from 1925 until his death. He founded the newspaper Our Sunday Visitor in 1912 and co-founded the Catholic Legion of Decency in 1933.

War
The Burmese government charged that Communist Chinese frontier troops had occupied a 1,000-square-mile area from Putao to Kunlong in the states of Kachin and Wa in northern Burma.

Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles left for London to discuss the Suez Canal situation with British and French leaders.

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver (Tennessee) withdrew from the race for the 1956 Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States, conceding that former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson had won more primary votes and was supported by "the majority of the Democratic Party leaders."

Energy
The U.K. and West Germany signed a 10-year agreement providing for eventual purchase of British nuclear fuel and reactors by the West German government.

Weather
The U.S. Weather Bureau announced plans to install 39 new radar units along the United States coast from Texas to Maine as part of its hurricane warning system.

Economics and finance
The United States Congress completed action on a bill providing improved social security benefits for women and disabled workers.

50 years ago
1966

Died on this date
Isabel Martin Lewis, 85. U.S. astronomer. Mrs. Lewis was active for more than 40 years, and worked at the U.S. Naval Observatory for most of her career. She derived a faster and more accurate method to determine where an eclipse would be visible, and also found a way to predict more occultations of the Moon. Mrs. Lewis died 20 days after her 85th birthday.

Bud Powell, 41. U.S. musician. Earl Rudolph Powell was a jazz pianist who was one of the leading figures of bebop in the 1940s and '50s. He spent time in mental hospitals in the 1950s because of schizophrenia, and died from a combination of tuberculosis, malnutrition, and heavy drinking.

Transportation
The new Ottawa train station opened in the suburb of Alta Vista. Union Station in central Ottawa closes; the building is now a government conference centre.

40 years ago
1976

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Non si puo' morire dentro--Gianni Bella (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (Veronica Top 40): Nice and Slow--Jesse Green

#1 single in the U.K.: Don't Go Breaking My Heart--Elton John and Kiki Dee (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Kiss and Say Goodbye--The Manhattans (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Afternoon Delight--Starland Vocal Band (4th week at #1)
2 Kiss and Say Goodbye--The Manhattans
3 Moonlight Feels Right--Starbuck
4 Got to Get You Into My Life--The Beatles
5 Let Her In--John Travolta
6 Love is Alive--Gary Wright
7 Don't Go Breaking My Heart--Elton John and Kiki Dee
8 Let 'em In--Wings
9 You're My Best Friend--Queen
10 Get Closer--Seals and Crofts

Singles entering the chart were With Your Love by Jefferson Starship (#71); One Love in My Lifetime by Diana Ross (#78); Shower the People by James Taylor (#83); (Don't Fear) The Reaper by Blue Oyster Cult (#91); Get Up Offa That Thing by James Brown (#92); (Ain’t Nothin’ But A) Houseparty by J. Geils Band (#94); Popsicle Toes by Michael Franks (#97); Rocky Mountain Music by Eddie Rabbitt (#99); and Party by Van McCoy (#100).

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 Afternoon Delight--Starland Vocal Band
2 You're My Best Friend--Queen
3 Got to Get You Into My Life--The Beatles
4 Moonlight Feels Right--Starbuck
5 Never Gonna Fall in Love Again--Eric Carmen
6 Love is Alive--Gary Wright
7 Let Her In--John Travolta
8 Take the Money and Run--Steve Miller Band
9 The Boys are Back in Town--Thin Lizzy
10 Kiss and Say Goodbye--The Manhattans

Singles entering the chart were Street Singin' by Lady Flash (#97); Cotton Candy by the Sylvers (#98); (Love Theme from) The Missouri Breaks by Hagood Hardy (#99); and Can You Hear Those Pioneers by Rex Allen, Jr. (#100). (Love Theme from) The Missouri Breaks was a version of the theme from the movie.

Olympics
American boxers concluded the competition before 20,000 fans at the Montreal Forum with five gold medals, a silver and a bronze. The gold medal winners were Leon Spinks (light heavyweight); his brother Michael (middleweight); Sugar Ray Leonard (light welterweight); Howard Davis (lightweight); and Leo Randolph (bantamweight).

Greg Joy won the silver medal for Canada in the men's high jump on the last day of the Montréal Summer Olympics, in the rain; he beat favourite Dwight Stones of the United States with a leap of 2.23 metres.



30 years ago
1986

Died on this date
Teddy Wilson, 73. U.S. musician. Mr. Wilson was a jazz pianist who performed with such artists as Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Benny Goodman, Billie Holiday, and Ella Fitzgerald, and also led his own band in a career spanning more than 50 years.

Football
CFL
British Columbia (5-1) 18 @ Calgary (2-4) 17

Lui Passaglia's field goal provided the winning margin for the Lions before 27,659 fans at McMahon Stadium. Running back Freddie Sims, upset at being cut from the Lions prior to the start of the regular season after starring for them in their 1985 Grey Cup win, had predicted a good performance as he played his first game as a Stampeder, but his former team held him to 2 yards rushing on 5 carries.

25 years ago
1991

Defense
U.S. President George Bush and U.S.S.R. President Mikhail Gorbachev signed START (STrategic Arms Reduction Treaty) in Moscow, agreeing to reduce their stockpiles of nuclear warheads by about one-third.

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (1-3) 24 @ Edmonton (3-1) 54

Tracy Ham completed 20 of 30 passes for 288 yards and 4 touchdowns--2 to David Williams--as the Eskimos beat the Roughriders before 28,138 fans at Commonwealth Stadium.



20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (3rd week at #1)

Economics and finance
The governments of Canada and Israel signed a free trade deal that lifted tariffs from industrial products and gave duty-free access to agricultural products.

Olympics
Annie Pelletier won a bronze medal for Canada in the women's 3-metre diving event at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta; Gia Sissaouri, in the 57-kilogram wrestling division, won Canada's second medal of the day when he competed in the final and took the silver medal.

10 years ago
2006

Died on this date
Paul Eells, 70. U.S. sportscaster. Mr. Eells worked in Cedar Rapids, Iowa and Nashville, Tennessee before moving to Little Rock, Arkansas in 1978, where he broadcast University of Arkansas football and basketball games until his death in a car accident.

Politics and government
Cuban dictator Fidel Castro handed over power to his brother Raúl Castro.

Law
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled 7-0 that judges have the power to order catch-up payments when a parent paying support increases or conceals their income.

July 30, 2016

150 years ago
1866

Protest
Armed Confederate veterans in New Orleans rioted against a meeting of Radical Republicans, killing 48 people--44 of them Negroes--and injuring another 100.

130 years ago
1886

Transportation
The first Canadian Pacific Railway "tea train" left Vancouver for Montreal with goods brought from the Far East by steamship.

125 years ago
1891

Law
The right of Canadians to appeal to Her Majesty in Privy Council was granted, from a decision of the Supreme Court of the North West Territories.

110 years ago
1906

Winnipegana
The Canadian Census commissioner reported that Winnipeg's population was 90,216.

100 years ago
1916

Terrorism
7 people were killed and $20 million in damage caused by an explosion at Black Tom Island off Jersey City, New Jersey. The explosion was an act of sabotage of German agents in an attempt to destroy American-made munitions that were to be sent to the Allies during World War I.







80 years ago
1936

Baseball
Bill Harris of the Buffalo Bisons threw his second International League no-hitter, this one a victory over the Newark Bears.

At the funeral of International League president Charles Knapp, Warren Giles, president of the Rochester Red Wings, was named interim IL president.

75 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Mickey Welch, 82. U.S. baseball pitcher. "Smiling Mickey," born Michael Walsh, pitched with the Troy Trojans (1880-1882) and New York Gothams and Giants (1883-1892), compiling a record of 307-210 with an earned run average of 2.71. He appeared in 565 games as a pitcher and 59 games as an outfielder. Mr. Welch had nine seasons of 20 or more wins, and was the third pitcher in major league history to record 300 career wins. He batted .224 with 12 home runs and 202 runs batted in in 607 games. Mr. Welch was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973.

Hugo Celmiņš, 67. Prime Minister of Latvia, 1924-1925, 1928-1931. Mr. Celmiņš, a member of the Latvian Farmers' Union, was an agronomist and agrarian reformer who became Mayor of Riga in 1931 after the defeat of his government. He was arrested and deported to the U.S.S.R. after the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940, and was shot and buried in the mass graves of Kommunarka shooting ground in Moscow Oblast.

War
Soviet Ambassador to Poland Ivan Maisky and Polish Prime Miniser General Wladyslaw Sikorksy signed an agreement in London ending the state of war betweeen the U.S.S.R. and Poland. 14 Japanese transports carrying 13,000 soldiers landed at Saigon, French Indochina. Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands said in London that her country would defend the Netherlands East Indies.

Diplomacy
The United States protested to Japan over the bombing of the U.S. gunboat Tutuila and American embassy property near the Chinese capital of Chungking.

U.S. special envoy Harry Hopkins arrived in Moscow and met with Soviet dictator Josef Stalin to discuss U.S. Lend-Lease aid for the U.S.S.R.

Politics and government
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Dr. Rexford Tugwell as Governor of Puerto Rico.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Treasury Department granted a license permitting the Japanese liner Tatuta Maru to withdraw funds to refuel; the vessel then docked in San Francisco with 100 American passengers.

U.S. President Roosevelt asked Congress in a special message for power to establish ceilings for prices and rents to prevent "the disaster of unchecked inflation."

Business
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ordered United Gas Improvement Company to drop 13 non-utility subsidiaries.

70 years ago
1946

Diplomacy
The Paris Peace Conference released draft peace treaties for Italy, Finland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary without reaching agreement on Danube River navigation rights.

U.S. President Harry Truman signed a joint congressional resolution authorizing the United States to join the United Nations Educational, Scientidic and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Terrorism
Tel Aviv was placed under a 22-hour-per-day curfew as British troops began a house-to-house search for terrorists.

Politics and government
The Workers' League captured all five seats on the Legislative Council in the Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election.

Crime
U.S. Attorney General Tom Clark reported that President Harry Truman had ordered a Justice Department investigation of the July 25 murder of four Negroes in Georgia. Mississippi authorities arrested six white men on the charges of flogging Leon McTatie, a Negro, to death on July 22.

60 years ago
1956

Defense
The United Kingdom halted all arms shipments to Egypt.

Americana
A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God we trust as the national motto.

Economics and finance
Egypt revoked its embargo on sterling-area exports.

The U.S. Export-Import Bank granted Brazil $151.4 million in loans for development of raliway, power, and harbour projects.

Protest
36 convicts at Rock Quarry State Prison in Georgia were ordered to serve another year in the quarry after breaking their own legs with sledgehammers to protest working conditions.

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Wild Thing--The Troggs

#1 single in France: Ton Nom--Salvatore Adamo (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Tema--I Giganti (5th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Paperback Writer--The Beatles (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Sunny Afternoon--The Kinks (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Out of Time--Chris Farlowe (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Wild Thing--The Troggs

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!--Napoleon XIV
2 Wild Thing--The Troggs
3 Lil' Red Riding Hood--Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs
4 The Pied Piper--Crispian St. Peters
5 Hanky Panky--Tommy James and the Shondells
6 I Saw Her Again--The Mamas and the Papas
7 Mother's Little Helper--The Rolling Stones
8 You Don't Have to Say You Love Me--Dusty Springfield
9 Summer in the City--The Lovin' Spoonful
10 Hungry--Paul Revere & the Raiders

Singles entering the chart were Land of 1000 Dances by Wilson Pickett (#60); My Heart's Symphony by Gary Lewis and the Playboys (#62); Money Won't Change You (Part 1) by James Brown and the Famous Flames (#64); How Sweet it Is (To Be Loved by You) by Jr. Walker and the All Stars (#78); Alfie by Cher (#79); Who-Dun-It? by Monk Higgins (#82); To Show I Love You by Peter and Gordon (#92); (You Make Me Feel) So Good by the McCoys (#97); Suspicions by the Sidekicks (#98); Drive My Car by Bob Kuban and the In-Men (#99); Georgia Rose by Tony Bennett (#100); and El Pito (I'll Never Go Back to Georgia) by the Joe Cuba Sextet (also #100).

At the movies
Batman, starring Adam West and Burt Ward, received its premiere screening at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas.



War
U.S. forces bombed the Vietnam demilitarized zone--long used by North Vietnam--for the first time.

Soccer
World Cup @ Wembley Stadium, London
Final
West Germany 2 @ England 4 (ET)
Geoff Hurst scored 3 goals to lead England to its only World Cup championship.



40 years ago
1976

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Shannon--Henry Gross

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Ein Bett im Kornfeld--Jürgen Drews

#1 single in Switzerland: Die kleine Kneipe--Peter Alexander

At the movies
Mohammad, Messenger of God, directed and co-produced by Moustapha Akkad, and starring Anthony Quinn, received its world premiere screening in the West End of London. Protests from Muslims over the use of the prophet's name in the title led to a change in the title to The Message, "out of respect for the Muslim community in Britain."





Olympics
Bruce Jenner of the United States won the gold medal in the decathlon in Montreal with 8,618 points, breaking the world record of 8,454 points set by Nikolai Avilov of the U.S.S.R. in Munich in 1972.



30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Touch Me (I Want Your Body)--Samantha Fox (4th week at #1)

Politics and government
Bill Vander Zalm was chosen leader of the British Columbia Social Credit Party, replacing retiring Premier Bill Bennett.

Labour
An arbitrator ruled against major league baseball owners for including--without negotiating with the players' union--clauses in the contracts of several hundred players that allowed random testing for drugs.

25 years ago
1991

Music
Luciano Pavarotti gave a free concert in London's Hyde Park to celebrate his 30 years in opera.



20 years ago
1996

Died on this date
Claudette Colbert, 92. French-born U.S. actress. Miss Colbert, born Emilie Chauchoin, won the Academy Award as Best Actress for It Happened One Night (1934), and was nominated for Oscars for her starring performances in Private Worlds (1935) and Since You Went Away (1944).

Magda Schneider, 87. German actress. Miss Schneider acted in movies from the 1930s through the 1950s, and was German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler's favourite actress. She was the mother of actress Romy Schneider.

Crime
Statistics Canada reported that the violent crime rate in Canada had dropped for the third straight year to 995 incidents per 100,000 population.

Business
Montreal-based retailer Consumers Distributing went bankrupt.

Olympics
Alison Sydor of Canada won the silver medal in the women's mountain bike event, a 9-kilometre cross-country course at the Georgia International Horse Park near Atlanta.

10 years ago
2006

On television tonight
Top of the Pops, the world's longest running music program, was broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42½ years.



Died on this date
Murray Bookchin, 85. U.S. philosopher. Mr. Bookchin was an anarchist who later described himself as a communalist, seeking to reconcile Marxist and anarchist thought. He was a pioneer in the environmental movement, and developed the theory of social ecology and urban planning. Mr. Bookchin's books included Our Synthetic Environment (1962); Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971); The Ecology of Freedom (1982); and Urbanization Without Cities (1987). He died of congestive heart failure.

Al Balding, 82. Canadian golfer. Mr. Balding, a native of Toronto, won 18 professional tournaments, including 4 on the PGA Tour. When he won the first Mayfair Inn Open in Sanford, Florida in 1955, he became the first Canadian to win a professional tournament in the United States. Mr. Balding was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1968 and the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame in 1984.

July 29, 2016

370 years ago
1646

Born on this date
Johann Theile. German composer. Mr. Theile was an organist who composed choral works, most notably the opera Adam und Eva (1678). He died on June 24, 1724 at the age of 77.

170 years ago
1846

Born on this date
Sophie Menter. German musician and composer. Miss Menter was Franz Liszt's favourite female student, and had a successful career as a concert pianist from the 1860s to the 1880s. She wrote several works for piano, and died on February 23, 1918 at the age of 71.

Isabel. Brazilian royal family member. Princess Isabel, the eldest daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina, became Princess Imperial (heir presumptive to the throne) in 1847 and again in 1850 after the deaths in infancy of her two brothers. She acted as regent for her father during his absences abroad, and in 1888 signed the Lei Áurea (Golden Law) abolishing slavery in Brazil. Emperor Pedro was deposed by a military coup in 1889 and the family went into exile in France. Princess Isabel became head of the Imperial House of Brazil upon her father's death in 1891, and remained so until her own death in France on November 14, 1921 at the age of 75.

150 years ago
1866

Born on this date
Sam Dungan. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Dungan was an outfielder with the Chicago Colts/Orphans (1892-1894, 1900); Louisville Colonels (1894); and Washington Senators (1901), batting .301 with 3 home runs and 197 runs batted in in 382 games. He played at least 900 games in at least 9 seasons in the minor leagues from 1890-1905; early in the 1900 season he was sold by the Colts to the Kansas City Blues of the American League, playing first base and batting .337 with 1 homer in 117 games, winning the batting title in the AL's only season as a minor league. Mr. Dungan died of a heart attack, following uremic poisoning, on March 14, 1939 at the age of 72.

140 years ago
1876

Born on this date
Maria Ouspenskaya. Russian-born U.S. actress and teacher. Miss Ouspenskaya acted in plays and silent films in Russia, and was with the Moscow Art Theatre when the company visited New York City in 1922. She decided to stay in New York, and became an acting teacher. Needing money, Miss Ouspenskaya went to Hollywood and became a character actress, playing ethnic European characters in various movies. She was nominated for Academy Awards for her supporting performances in Dodsworth (1936) and Love Affair (1939). Miss Ouspenskaya died on December 3, 1949 at the age of 73, several days after suffering a stroke and receiving severe burns in a house fire, which reportedly started after she fell asleep while smoking a cigarette.

125 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Fred Smith. U.S. baseball player. Mr. Smith was a third baseman and shortstop with the Boston Braves (1913); Buffalo Blues (1914-1915); Brooklyn Tip-Tops (195); and St. Louis Cardinals (1917), batting .226 with 8 home runs and 158 runs batted in in 438 games. He hit .244 with at least 14 homers in 939 games in 8 seasons in the minor leagues (1909-1921). Mr. Smith died on May 28, 1961 at the age of 69.

100 years ago
1916

Born on this date
Charlie Christian. U.S. musician. Mr. Christian was a swing and jazz guitarist with the Benny Goodman Sextet from 1939-1941. He was one of the first electric guitarists, and has been credited as one of the founders of bebop. Mr. Christian died of tuberculosis on March 2, 1942 at the age of 25.

Budd Boetticher. U.S. movie director. Oscar Boetticher, Jr. was a bullfighter in Mexico before going into the movie business, producing and directing Bullfighter and the Lady (1951). He became known for directing low-budget Westerns starring Randolph Scott, including Seven Men from Now (1956); Buchanan Rides Alone (1958); and Ride Lonesome (1959). Mr. Boetticher died on November 29, 2001 at the age of 85.

Disasters
Lightning ignited a large forest fire in northern Ontario; it destroyed the towns of Cochrane and Matheson, and killed 223 people.

80 years ago
1936

Baseball
The Brooklyn Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals split a doubleheader before 12,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, with the Dodgers winning the first game 22-7 and the Cardinals taking the second game 5-4. Buddy Hassett hit 2 triples and drove in 5 runs for Brooklyn in the first game, while Joe Medwick hit 2 home runs for St. Louis in the second game.

Lou Gehrig batted 3 for 4 with a home run, 2 runs and 3 runs batted in, while Joe DiMaggio was 3 for 6 with a triple, 3 runs, and 4 runs batted in as the New York Yankees routed the Detroit Tigers 13-3 before 13,000 fans at Navin Field in Detroit. It was the 227th and last career major league game for Detroit relief pitcher Chad Kimsey, who pitched 3 scoreless innings, and doubled and scored in his only plate appearance.

The Cleveland Indians swept a doubleheader from the Washington Nationals 11-6 and 6-5 at League Park in Cleveland.

75 years ago
1941

War
The U.S.S.R. claimed to have begun an offensive at Smolensk.

Diplomacy
U.S. Senator Worth Clark (Democrat--Idaho) said that the United States "should take over control" of all Latin America and Canada and set up "puppet governments" because "the Good Neighbor Policy has been a failure."

Politics and government
Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King told his war cabinet that he would rather resign than support conscription.

Arthur Klein (Democrat) defeated George Hastings (Republican) in a special election for the New York's 14th District in the United States House of Representatives.

Law
Paraguayan President Higinio Morinigio decreed the death penalty for revolutionaries.

Economics and finance
Japan froze assets of the Netherlands and Netherlands East Indies.

Labour
A strike of 8,000 American Federation of Labor electrical workers tied up construction jobs in New York City and stopped work on defense projects at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

Boxing
Freddie Cochrane (63-31-8) won the world welterweight title with a 15-round decision over defending champion Fritzie Zivic (110-26-5) at Ruppert Stadium in Newark, New Jersey.

70 years ago
1946

Hit parade
U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 The Gypsy--The Ink Spots (11th week at #1)
--Dinah Shore
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
2 They Say it's Wonderful--Perry Como
--Frank Sinatra
3 Doin' What Comes Natur'lly--Dinah Shore and Spade Cooley and his Orchestra
--Freddy Martin and his Orchestra
--Jimmy Dorsey and his Orchestra
4 Prisoner of Love--Perry Como
--The Ink Spots
5 Surrender--Perry Como
--Woody Herman and his Orchestra
6 Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)--Dinah Shore
--Andy Russell
--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra
7 My Fickle Eye--Betty Hutton
--Jack Smith and the Five DeMarco Sisters
--Judy Canova
8 In Love in Vain--Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest
--Margaret Whiting
9 Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop--Tex Beneke with the Glenn Miller Orchestra
--Lionel Hampton and his Orchestra
10 I'm a Big Girl Now--Sammy Kaye and his "Swing and Sway" Orchestra

Singles entering the chart were Who Do You Love I Hope by Elliot Lawrence and his Orchestra (#26) and Along with Me by Margaret Whiting (#28).

On the radio
The Casebook of Gregory Hood, starring Gale Gordon and Howard McNear, on MBS
Tonight's episode: The Forgetful Murderer

War
Chinese Communist troops attacked a U.S. Marine convoy between Tientsin and Peking, killing 3 Marines and wounding 12.

Diplomacy
French Prime Minister Georges Bidault opened the 21-nation Paris Peace Conference in Luxembourg Palace, and was chosen temporary chairman of the conference.

World events
A Panamanian court acquitted former President Arnulfo Arias of charges of participating in an abortive coup in December 1945.

Politics and government
India's Muslim League withdrew its acceptance of British independence proposals, accusing the British government and the Congress Party of going back on their original pledge to guarantee certain posts for Muslims in the new government.

New York State revoked the Ku Klux Klan charter, while the U.S. Justice Department revealed that it was investigating Klan activities in seven states.

Scandal
U.S. Controller General Lindsay Warren told the Senate War Inviestigating Committee that loopholes in war contracts had cost the government "untold millions."

Oil
The Bahamian subsidiary of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey announced that it would use radar and a diving chamber to search for oil under the Caribbean Sea floor.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Senate passed and sent to President Harry Truman a bill extending the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to June 30, 1947.

Business
United Aircraft Corporation made history's first commercial helicopter sale, a $48,500-delivery to Helicopter Air Transport, Inc.

Labour
The French government decreed a general wage increase for public servants averaging 18%.

Boxing
Bruce Woodcock (27-1) knocked out Albert Renet (28-18-4) in the 6th round at King's Hall in Manchester, England to win the vacant European Boxing Union heavyweight title. Mr. Woodcock knocked down Mr. Renet in the 4th, 5th, and 6th rounds before knocking him out.

Ezzard Charles (40-4-1) knocked out Lloyd Marshall (58-15-3) at 57 seconds of the 6th round of a heavyweight bout at Crosley Field in Cincinnati.



60 years ago
1956

Politics and government
U.S. Senator Hubert Humphrey (Minnesota), in a letter to Representative Eugene McCarthy (Democrat--Minnesota), authorized his friends to "work actively in my behalf" for the 1956 Democratic Party nomination for Vice President of the United States.

Economics and finance
Egypt banned all exports to the United Kingdom and its colonies, and halted shipment of all steling trade goods through the Suez Canal. The French government froze $1.285 billion worth of Egyptian assets in France.

Auto racing
Ron Flockhart and Ninian Sanderson of Scotland won the 24 Hours of Le Mans, avergaing 104.3 miles per hour in a Jaguar.

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Pretty Flamingo--Manfred Mann

Edmonton's Top 10 (CJCA)
1 Hanky Panky--Tommy James and the Shondells
2 Wild Thing--The Troggs
3 Sweet Pea--Tommy Roe
4 Summer in the City--The Lovin' Spoonful
5 I Saw Her Again--The Mamas and the Papas
6 This Door Swings Both Ways--Herman's Hermits
7 Little Girl--Syndicate of Sound
8 Mother's Little Helper/Lady Jane--The Rolling Stones
9 Along Comes Mary--The Association
Pick hit of the week: God Only Knows--The Beach Boys
New this week: Chapel in the Field--The Knickerbockers
The Joker Went Wild--Brian Hyland
Bus Stop--The Hollies
Campfire Girls--Billy Joe Royal
Blowin' in the Wind--Stevie Wonder

World events
A counter-coup in Nigeria led by Lieutenant Colonel Murtala Muhammed resulted in the murders of Head of State Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, 42, and military Governor of Western Nigeria Adekunle Fajuyi, 40.

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (1-0) 40 @ Edmonton (0-1) 13

Ron Lancaster threw 3 touchdown passes to Hugh Campbell and 1 each to Ed Buchanan and Paul Dudley as the Roughriders routed the Eskimos before 16,400 fans at Clarke Stadium in the earliest CFL regular season opening game to date. Jim Thomas scored both Edmonton touchdowns.

40 years ago
1976

Died on this date
Mickey Cohen, 62. U.S. gangster. Mr. Cohen was involved in organized crime in Chicago before moving to Los Angeles in 1939, eventually leading the Cohen crime family. He was convicted of income tax evasion in 1951 and served four years in prison. Upon his release, Mr. Cohen became a media celebrity. He died of stomach cancer.

Crime
In New York City, David Berkowitz--later to become infamous as"Son of Sam"--killed one person and seriously wounded another in the first of a series of attacks.

Olympics
Alberto Juantorena of Cuba won the gold medal in the men's 400-metre run at Olympic Stadium in Montreal. He had won the 800-metre run four days earlier, and thus became the first man to win the gold medal in both events.

Football
CFL
Montreal (1-0-1) 20 @ Calgary (0-1-1) 20
Hamilton (0-2) 14 @ British Columbia (1-1) 39

The Alouettes had a chance to defeat the Stampeders on the last play of the game at McMahon Stadium, but Don Sweet was wide on a 34-yard field goal attempt, and Larry Cates returned the ball out of the Calgary end zone.

The Lions' win over the Tiger-Cats Empire Stadium in Vancouver marked the end of George Dickson's tenure as head coach of the Tiger-Cats after 4 pre-season and 2 regular season games, all of which were Hamilton losses, and none of them by fewer than 15 points. He was replaced by general manager Bob Shaw.

25 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Donna Toki Mo. (どんなときも)--Noriyuki Makihara

#1 single in Finland (Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland): You Could Be Mine--Guns N' Roses (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Wind of Change--Scorpions (9th week at #1)

Died on this date
Christian de Castries, 88. French military officer. General de brigade de Castries served with the French Army from 1921-1959, fighting in World War II, and leading the French defense of Dien Bien Phu in French Indochina against Viet Minh forces in 1954. He died 13 days before his 89th birthday.

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Freedom--Robbie Williams

#1 single in Norway (VG-lista): Gud! Hvor du er deilig--Bjelleklang

#1 single in Germany (Media Control): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (5th week at #1)

Canada's Top 10 (RPM)
1 You Learn--Alanis Morissette (3rd week at #1)
2 Change the World--Eric Clapton
3 Flood--Jars of Clay
4 The Only Thing that Looks Good on Me is You--Bryan Adams
5 Give Me One Reason--Tracy Chapman
6 Ahead by a Century--The Tragically Hip
7 Looking for It--Jann Arden
8 Wrong--Everything But the Girl
9 Jealousy--Natalie Merchant
10 Killing Me Softly--The Fugees

Singles entering the chart were Instinct by Crowded House (#93); Good Friday by the Black Crowes (#95); Sitting on Top of the World by Amanda Marshall (#96); Symbolistic White Walls by the Matthew Good Band (#97); and Lies to Me by 54-40 (#98).

Died on this date
Ric Nordman, 76. Canadian politician. Mr. Nordman, a native of Cypress River, Manitoba, represented the ward of St. Charles on Winnipeg City Council (1974-1981) before entering provincial politics as a Progressive Conservative, representing Assiniboia (1981-1988).

Defense
China conducted an underground nuclear test and then announced that it was their last, declaring a moratorium on future testing.

Law
The child protection portion of the Communications Decency Act was struck down by a U.S. federal court as too broad.

Olympics
On his third attempt in the long jump at the Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Carl Lewis, 35, leapt 27 feet 10¾ inches to win his fourth Olympic long jump, tying him with former discus thrower Al Oerter of the United States as the only athletes to win four gold medals in the same event. Mr. Oerter won his medals in the 1956, 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics; Mr. Lewis won in 1984, 1988, 1992, and 1996.



Michael Johnson of the United States won the gold medal in the men's 400-metre run in 43.49 seconds at Olympic Stadium in Atlanta.



Football
CFL
Calgary (4-1) 36 @ Winnipeg (3-3) 38

10 years ago
2006

Abominations
About 40,000 people attended opening ceremonies for the Outgames at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, an event with 12,000 competitors whose main purpose was the promotion of sodomy and lesbianism.

Football
CFL
British Columbia (4-3) 28 @ Toronto (2-4) 8



Calgary (3-4) 9 @ Saskatchewan (3-3) 19

July 28, 2016

275 years ago
1741

Died on this date
Antonio Vivaldi, 63. Italian composer. Mr. Vivaldi was one of the most prominent composers of the Baroque era. His best-known work was The Four Seasons (1725).

270 years ago
1746

Born on this date
Thomas Heyward, Jr. U.S. judge and politician. Mr. Heyward was a delegate to the Continental Congress from South Carolina in 1775, and signed the Declaration of Independence. He was a judge in South Carolina from 1778-1798, except for an 11-month period from August 1780-July 1781 when he was in British detention. Mr. Heyward died on March 6, 1809 at the age of 62.

150 years ago
1866

Born on this date
Beatrix Potter. U.K. authoress and naturalist. Miss Potter was a respected amateur mycologist, but was best known for her children's books, beginning with The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902). She died of pneumonia and heart disease on December 22, 1943 at the age of 77.

Americana
Vinnie Ream, 18, became the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).

120 years ago
1896

Americana
The city of Miami, Florida was incorporated.

80 years ago
1936

Baseball
Lou Gehrig hit a 3-run home run, 2 doubles, and a single as the New York Yankees beat the Detroit Tigers 16-6 before 16,000 fans at Navin Field in Detroit. Goose Goslin of the Tigers hit an inside-the-park home run in the 6th inning when New York center fielder Myril Hoag and right fielder Joe DiMaggio were both knocked unconscious when they collided as they dove for the ball. Mr. DiMaggio played the next day, but then collapsed with a blood clot in his brain; Mr. Hoag finished the inning, but missed the rest of the season.

"Bullfrog" Bill Dietrich pitched a 10-hit complete game victory and batted 4 for 6 with a run and 3 runs batted in as the Chicago White Sox routed the Philadelphia Athletics 19-6 at Comiskey Park in Chicago.

The Pittsburgh Pirates scored an unearned run in the top of the 10th inning to defeat the Brooklyn Dodgers 9-8 at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn.

Mel Ott batted 3 for 5 with 2 home runs, 3 runs, and 6 runs batted in as the New York Giants beat the Cincinnati Reds 11-3 to complete the sweep of a doubleheader before 13,375 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. The Giants scored all their runs in the 1st inning as they won the first game 5-1.

Dolph Camilli hit 2 home runs, including a 2-run blast with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to end the game, as the Philadelphia Phillies beat the Chicago Cubs 5-3 before 4,000 fans at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia. Mr. Camilli's second homer climaxed a 4-run 9th-inning rally.

75 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Edward Beale McLean, 52. U.S. publisher. Mr. McLean owned and published The Washington Post from 1916-1933. He purchased the Hope Diamond in 1911, and his family thereafter suffered several tragedies. Mr. McLean was declared insane in 1933 and was committed to a psychiatric hospital, where he died of a heart attack.

Married on this date
U.S. composer David Rose, 31, married U.S. actress Judy Garland, 19, in Las Vegas.

War
U.S. Senator Burton K. Wheeler (Democrat--Montana) denounced War Secretary Henry Stimson's "treason" remarks as part of " a well-organized and carefully planned smear campaign by warmongers to silence opposition to war." 11 Senators defended Sen. Wheeler.

Diplomacy
Finland severed relations with the United Kingdom. U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles pledged that the United States Treasury Department "will grant prompt clearance for Japanese vessels clearing from U.S. ports."

Defense
The U.S. House of Representatives approved the first supplemental appropriations bill for $8 billion and sent it to the Senate.

Politics and government
U.S. Representative Joseph Martin (Republican--Massachusetts) warned that the United States might become a dictatorship after the present war unless it prepared now for the postwar crisis.

Economics and finance
The Netherlands East Indies cancelled trade agreements, under which Japan was to receive about 1.8 million tons of oil, and froze Japanese banking assets.

Labour
Unarmed Canadian soldiers dispersed pickets at the National Steel Car Company in Hamilton after the Congress of Industrial Organizations called a strike to obtain bargaining rights.

70 years ago
1946

War
Assistant U.S. War Secretary Howard Petersen reported that Japanese war crimes accounted for 142,076 American and Filipio deaths.

Chinese Nationalist and Communist representatives in Changchun accepted a U.S. proposal to form a no-man's land along the Sungari River in Manchuria, while Nationalist forces advanced along the Ling Hai railway on the Yellow River.

Diplomacy
French President Charles de Gaulle called for an Anglo-French entente to "re-establish equilibrium" between the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.

U.K. Palestine Commander Sir Evelyn Barker banned fraternization of British troops with Palestinian Jews.

Politics and government
Negroes voted for the first time in the Texas Democratic Party primary, which resulted in the renomination of Senator Tom Connally and Representatives Wright Patman, Sam Rayburn, and Lyndon Johnson.

Scandal
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Director Fiorello La Guardia charged that millions of dollars of supplies were being stolen by soldiers in the Trieste area.

Labour
The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations announced the formation of a National Maritime Council of seven unions to eliminate jurisdictional disputes.

60 years ago
1956

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): The Great Pretender--The Platters (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Heimweh--Freddy Quinn

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Why Do Fools Fall in Love--Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers (2nd week at #1)

#1 singles in the U.S.A. (Billboard): I Want You, I Need You, I Love You/My Baby Left Me--Elvis Presley (Best Seller--1st week at #1); The Wayward Wind--Gogi Grant (Disc Jockey--6th week at #1; Top 100--6th week at #1); I Almost Lost My Mind--Pat Boone (Jukebox--1st week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 I Almost Lost My Mind--Pat Boone (2nd week at #1)
2 My Prayer--The Platters
3 I Want You, I Need You, I Love You--Elvis Presley
4 The Wayward Wind--Gogi Grant
5 Be-Bop-A-Lula--Gene Vincent and the Blue Caps
6 Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)--Doris Day
7 More--Perry Como
8 I'm in Love Again--Fats Domino
9 Moonglow and Theme from "Picnic"--Morris Stoloff and the Columbia Pictures Orchestra
--George Cates and his Orchestra
10 Allegheny Moon--Patti Page

Singles entering the chart were I Promise to Remember by Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers (#33); When My Dreamboat Comes Home (#37)/So Long (#50) by Fats Domino; The Fool, with versions by Sanford Clark, and the Gallahads (#40); The Old Philosopher by Eddie Lawrence (#41); Somebody Up There Likes Me by Perry Como (#44); Weary Blues by the McGuire Sisters and Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra (#46); Theme Song from Song for a Summer Night (Parts 1 and 2) by Mitch Miller and his Orchestra (#47); and Hound Dog by Elvis Presley (also #50). Somebody Up There Likes Me was the title song of the movie.

Died on this date
Louis Héry. French auto racing driver. Mr. Héry was killed in a crash after 5 laps of the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Politics and government
Manuel Prado Ugarteche took office as President of Peru following the country's first free election in 11 years.

Economics and finance
The U.K. Treasury blocked all Suez Canal Company and Egyptian assets in British banks.

Protest
George Cummings resigned as warden of Connecticut State Prison following a five-hour strike by 250 convicts demanding better food and clothing.

Chess
Arthur Bisguier of New York won the U.S. open tournament in Oklahoma City.

Football
WIFU
Edmonton Eskimos' intrasquad game @ Clarke Stadium
Green 12 Gold 12

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Out of Time--Chris Farlowe

Politics and government
Alex Campbell was sworn in as Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Walter Shaw. The May 30 provincial election had resulted in a 15-15 tie in seats between Mr. Shaw's Progressive Conservatives and Mr. Campbell's Liberals. The election for the two seats in the riding of 1st Kings was postponed to July 11 because of the death of Liberal candidate William Acorn. The Liberals won both seats in the by-election, giving them a 17-15 majority in the House of Assembly, and leading to the resignation of Mr. Shaw's government.

40 years ago
1976

Disasters
An earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattened Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.

Football
CFL
Edmonton (2-0) 25 @ Toronto (1-1) 20

Keith Barnette rushed 21 times for 101 yards and a touchdown to help the Eskimos defeat the Argonauts before 43,002 fans at Exhibition Stadium, the largest crowd yet to attend a CFL game. The Argonauts blew a scoring opportunity when they had first down at the Edmonton 1-yard line, but failed to score on three straight plays. It was the first CFL game for Edmonton defensive back Joe Hollimon, and the last for Edmonton defensive back Dick Dupuis, who was in his 12th CFL season.

Baseball
Blue Moon Odom pitched 5+ innings before being relieved by Francisco Barrios, who pitched 4 innings as they combined on a no-hitter for the Chicago White Sox in a 2-1 win over the Oakland Athletics before 3,367 fans at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. It was the 84th and last career major league win for Mr. Odom, who had pitched with the Athletics from 1964-1975. Mr. Odom walked 9 batters, and was removed after issuing a base on balls to Billy Williams to open the bottom of the 6th inning. The Athletics scored in the 4th on two bases on balls, a force out, a stolen base, and a throwing error by Chicago catcher Jim Essian. Jim Spencer broke a 1-1 tie with a home run off Paul Lindblad with 2 out in the top of the 6th.

The Baltimore Orioles scored a run in the bottom of the 6th inning and 3 in the 7th to overcome a 3-0 deficit and edge the New York Yankees 4-3 before 23,701 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore.

Buddy Bell, Larvell Blanks, and Rico Carty hit home runs for the Cleveland Indians as they came back from a 6-2 2nd-inning deficit to defeat the Boston Red Sox 7-6 before 22,246 fans at Fenway Park in Boston.

Alex Johnson singled and came around to score on a sacrifice fly by Pedro Garcia in the top of the 9th inning as the Detroit Tigers edged the Milwaukee Brewers 1-0 before 13,865 fans at County Stadium in Milwaukee. Dave Roberts pitched a 5-hit shutout to win the pitchers' duel over Jerry Augustine, who allowed 9 hits in pitching a complete game.

Tom Poquette reached first base on an error by second baseman Jerry Remy and came around to score on a squeeze bunt by Dave Nelson in the top of the 15th inning to give the Kansas City Royals a 3-2 win over the California Angels before 9,947 fans at Anaheim Stadium.

Manny Trillo hit a 3-run home run in the top of the 11th inning to give the Chicago Cubs a 5-2 win over the Philadelphia Phillies before 35,043 fans at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia.

Richie Hebner hit a home run off Ken Sanders with 1 out in the top of the 13th inning to give the Pittsburgh Pirates a 1-0 win over the New York Mets before 22,215 fans at Shea Stadium in New York. Pittsburgh starting pitcher George Medich allowed 5 hits in 10 innings, while Dave Giusti allowed 1 hit in 3 innings to get the win. New York starter Tom Seaver allowed 7 hits in 10 innings, striking out 10.

The San Francisco Giants scored 3 runs in the top of the 1st inning and coasted to a 7-0 win over the Cincinnati Reds before 28,053 fans at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati. John D'Acquisto allowed 4 hits in 6 1/3 innings to improve his 1976 record to 3-5; he was relieved by Gary Lavelle, who allowed 1 hit in 2 2/3 innings. Cincinnati starter Santo Alcala allowed 8 hits, 5 earned runs, and 2 bases on balls in 2 2/3 innings, while also making a wild pitch and a balk, as he dropped to 9-3.

The Montreal Expos scored a run in the 7th inning and 2 in the 9th as they blanked the St. Louis Cardinals 3-0 before 16,139 fans at Busch Memorial Stadiumm in St. Louis. Woodie Fryman allowed 8 hits in 6 innings to improve his 1976 record to 9-8, while Dale Murray allowed 2 hits in 3 innings to earn his 11th save of the season.

The San Diego Padres scored 2 runs in the top of the 10th inning and held on to edge the Houston Astros 2-1 before 14,260 fans at the Astrodome. The Astros scored a run in the bottom of the 10th and had the potential tying run at second base, but pinch hitter Jerry DaVanon grounded out to end the game.

30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Touch Me (I Want Your Body)--Samantha Fox (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): La Puerta de Alcalá--Víctor Manuel y Ana Belén (3rd week at #1)

25 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): More than Words--Extreme (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)--Crystal Waters (2nd week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 Wind of Change--Scorpions (4th week at #1)
2 Bobby Brown--Frank Zappa
3 The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in his Kiss)--Cher
4 Jesus Loves You--Bow Down Mister
5 Gypsy Woman (La Da Dee La Da Da)--Crystal Waters
6 Fading Like a Flower (Every Time You Leave)--Roxette
7 Sailing on the Seven Seas--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)
8 The One and Only--Chesney Hawkes
9 Senza una donna (Without a Woman)--Zucchero & Paul Young
10 Last Train to Trancentral--The KLF

Singles entering the chart were No Woman No Cry by Bingoboys (#20); I Wanna Sex You Up by Color Me Badd (#26); and Naked Love (Just Say You Want Me) by Quartz & Dina Carroll (#28).

Baseball
Dennis Martinez pitched a perfect game--becoming the first player from Nicaragua to do so--as the Montreal Expos blanked the Los Angeles Dodgers 2-0 before 45,560 fans at Dodger Stadium. Ron Hassey, who had caught Len Barker's perfect game with the Cleveland Indians in 1981, became the first major league player to catch two perfect games. The Expos scored 2 unearned runs in the 7th inning as a result of 2 errors by Los Angeles shortstop Alfredo Griffin. Losing pitcher Mike Morgan allowed just 4 hits in pitching a complete game. The Sunday afternoon game was televised in Canada on TSN.



Dave Hollins hit a solo home run with 2 out in the top of the 1st inning to open the scoring, but Kevin Mitchell homered to lead off the bottom of the 2nd and Matt Williams homered to lead off the bottom of the 6th as the San Francisco Giants edged the Philadelphia Phillies 2-1 before 36,268 fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Bud Black allowed 4 hits in 6 2/3 innings to win the pitchers' duel over Tommy Greene, who allowed 7 hits in 7 innings.

The San Diego Padres scored 2 unearned runs in the bottom of the 6th inning and Andy Benes allowed just 5 hits and no bases on balls in 8 innings to improve his 1991 record to 5-10 as the Padres blanked the New York Mets 2-0 before 25,090 fans at Jack Murphy-San Diego Stadium. Losing pitcher Frank Viola allowed just 4 hits in 7 innings as he dropped to 11-7.

The Milwaukee Brewers scored 8 runs in the first 3 innings and coasted to an 11-2 win over the Minnesota Twins before 47,524 fans at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis. Jaime Navarro allowed 10 hits in pitching a complete game victory, while Minnesota starter Jack Morris allowed 9 hits and 8 runs--all earned--in 2 2/3 innings.

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Tha Crossroads--Bone Thugs 'n Harmony (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees

#1 single in Switzerland: I Can't Help Myself (I Love You, I Want You)--The Kelly Family

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): Wannabe--Spice Girls (2nd week at #1)

Died on this date
Roger Tory Peterson, 87. U.S. ornithologist. Mr. Peterson has been called the inventor of the modern field guide, beginning with Guide to the Birds (1934). He has also been credited as an inspiration to the modern environmental movement. Mr. Peterson died a month before his 88th birthday.

Marge Ganser, 48. U.S. singer. Miss Ganser and her identical twin sister Mary Anne were members of the pop group the Shangri-Las, who had several hit singles from 1964-1966, most notably Leader of the Pack, which reached #1 on various charts in 1964. Marge Ganser died of breast cancer.

Archaeology
The remains of the prehistoric man eventually known as Kennewick Man were discovered near Kennewick, Washington.

Olympics
Canadian Brian Walton won a silver medal in the cycling points race at the Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, while fellow Canadian Curt Harnett earned the bronze medal in the men's sprint on the track near Stone Mountain, Georgia. Canada's men's doubles team of John Child and Mark Heese took the bronze at the inaugural Olympic beach volleyball tournament. Canadian rowers won medals at Lake Lanier at the Atlanta Games: Dave Boyes, Jeff Lay, Gavin Hassett and Brian Peaker took silver in the men's four; Marnie McBean, Kathleen Heddle, Laryssa Biesenthal and Diane O'Grady came away with bronze in the women's four; and Emma Robinson, Anna van der Kamp, Theresa Luke, Tosha Tsang, Alison Korn, Heather McDermid, Maria Maunder, Jessica Monroe and Lesley Thompson had a silver-medal performance in the women's eight with coxswain.

10 years ago
2006

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (4-2) 29 @ Hamilton (1-6) 0

27,027 fans at Ivor Wynne Stadium saw the Winnipeg defense limit the Hamilton offense to 108 net yards as the Tiger-Cats suffered their first shutout at home since October 8, 1951.



Montreal (6-0) 21 @ Edmonton (2-4) 13

Robert Edwards rushed for touchdowns of 13 and 5 yards in the last 9 minutes of regulation time as the Alouettes beat the Eskimos before 32,441 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. Mike Maurer scored the only Edmonton touchdown on a 13-yard pass from Ricky Ray with 13:52 remaining in regulation time.

July 27, 2016

275 years ago
1741

Born on this date
François-Hippolyte Barthélémon. French-born U.K. musician and composer. Mr. Barthélémon was a violinist who was educated in Paris, and moved to England in 1764. He was known for his operas and burlettas (short comic operas), and also wrote six symphonies and several concertos. Mr. Barthélémon died on July 20, 1808, a week before his 67th birthday.

150 years ago
1866

Born on this date
António José de Almeida. 6th President of Portugal, 1919-1923; Prime Minister of Portugal, 1916, 1916-1917. Dr. Almeida, a physician, was associated with the moderate wing of the Portuguese Republican Party before founding the Evolutionist Party, which became part of the Republican Liberal Party. He was the only President of the First Republic to serve a full four-year term. Dr. Almeida died on October 31, 1929 at the age of 63.

Communications
Cyrus Field and his Anglo-American Telegraph Company finally succeed, after two failures, in laying the first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable, stretching 1,686 miles from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart's Content, Newfoundland.

130 years ago
1886

Labour
The Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players, with chapters in most cities with teams in the National League, announced its existence.

125 years ago
1891

Transportation
The last spike was driven on the Calgary and Edmonton Railway, which had begun construction on July 21, 1890. The line reduced a five-day stagecoach journey to a train trip of only a few hours.

120 years ago
1896

Born on this date
Robert George. U.K. military officer and politician. Air Vice Marshal Sir Robert served in both world wars, with posts that included Singapore, Ankara, and Iraq, retiring in 1952. He served as Governor of South Australia (1953-1960), and died on September 13, 1967 at the age of 71 after being hit by a car.

100 years ago
1916

Born on this date
Keenan Wynn. U.S. actor. Mr. Wynn, the son of comedian Ed Wynn, was a character actor who appeared in numerous television programs and movies; he and his father appeared together in the Playhouse 90 television drama Requiem for a Heavyweight (1956). Keenan Wynn died of pancreatic cancer on October 14, 1986 at the age of 70.

75 years ago
1941

War
Japanese troops stationed in Tonkin occupied the southern portion of French Indochina.

The Peruvian government reported a major battle against Ecuadorian forces in the Zaramilla River basin. The Peruvian Foreign Office said that it had not yet replied to the proposed truce in their border war with Ecuador.

70 years ago
1946

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): The Gypsy--The Ink Spots (10th week at #1)

They Say it's Wonderful was #2, and Doin' What Comes Natur'lly was #3.

Died on this date
Gertrude Stein, 72. U.S. writer. Miss Stein was a Jewish lesbian who spent the last 43 years of her life in France. Her best known work was The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933); Miss Toklas was her lover. See also here.

War
The Nationalist Chinese government in Nanking rejected Communist proposals for a cease-fire, stating that questions of the control of Manchuria, reorganization of the armies, and reopening of communications must be settled first.

Diplomacy
Drafts of tentative peace treaties prepared at the Paris Peace Conference of Foreign Ministers were published, showing that Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary,and Finland would be stripped of war-making potential. Italy would lose her colonies, and Finland would be forced to cede territory to the U.S.S.R.

The Arab Higher Commission rejected a British proposal for a Jewish-Arab conference, calling for an independent Arab Palestine with no Jewish immigration.

60 years ago
1956

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Why Do Fools Fall in Love--Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers (2nd week at #1)

Diplomacy
France and the United Kingdom formally protested the previous day's nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt. The protests came after French President Guy Mollet and British Prime Minister Anthony Eden summoned their respective cabinets and military leaders for emergency sessions.

Business
The Suez Canal Company called for banks holding the firm's assets to refuse to honour the Egyptian nationalization decree.

Economics and finance
The U.S. Senate completed passage of a $4-billion foreign aid package for fiscal 1957, retaining a rider barring new military aid to Yugoslavia.

Law
The U.S. Senate passed and sent to President Dwight Eisenhower a bill authorizing the Federal Bureau of Investigation to enter a kidnapping investigation in 24 hours instead of one week.

Labour
United Steel Workers of America President David MacDonald and U.S. Steel Vice President John Stevens, representing 12 major steel companies, signed an agreement on basic terms for ending the national steel strike. The terms included a three-year duration for new contracts with direct wage increases totalling 45.6c per hour over the period.

40 years ago
1976

Scandal
Former Japanese prime minister Kakuei Tanaka was arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws in connection with the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation bribery scandals.

Football
CFL
Winnipeg (0-2) 27 @ Ottawa (2-0) 38

30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Sailing Away--All of Us (7th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Venus--Bananarama (3rd week at #1)

25 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Australian Music Report): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Rapput (Senza Fiato)--Claudio Bisio; Rocco Tanica

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)--Crystal Waters (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Denmark (Nielsen Music Control & IFPI): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)--Crystal Waters (4th week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Auteuil, Neuilly, Passy (rap BCBG)--Les Inconnus

#1 single in the U.K. (CIN): (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (3rd week at #1)

Netherlands Top 10 (De Nederlandse Top 40)
1 Driver's Seat--Sniff 'n' the Tears (2nd week at #1)
2 More than Words--Extreme
3 Burbujas de Amor--Juan Luis Guerra y 4;40
4 I Wanna Sex You Up--Color Me Badd
5 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
6 La Cumbia--Sailor
7 Mooi Man--Mannenkoor Karrespoor
8 You Could Be Mine--Guns N' Roses
9 Now that We Found Love--Heavy D and the Boyz
10 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul

Singles entering the chart were Baila Mi Rumba by Rumba Tres (#26); Baila Me by Gipsy Kings (#28); Danca Tago-Maga by Kaoma (#30); Ala Li Là (Segâ) by Denis Azor (#34); and Move That Body by Technotronic featuring Reggie (#36).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
2 Right Here, Right Now--Jesus Jones
3 Unbelievable--EMF
4 P.A.S.S.I.O.N.--Rythm Syndicate
5 Summertime--D.J. Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince
6 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
7 Piece of My Heart--Tara Kemp
8 Every Heartbeat--Amy Grant
9 It Ain't Over 'til it's Over--Lenny Kravitz
10 Temptation--Corina

Singles entering the chart were I Adore Mi Amor by Color Me Badd (#60); My Name is Not Susan by Whitney Houston (#67); Shiny Happy People by R.E.M. (#71); I Don't Wanna See You by Michael Morales (#88); and Hey Stoopid by Alice Cooper (#99).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Right Here, Right Now--Jesus Jones
2 Unbelievable—EMF
3 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
4 P.A.S.S.I.O.N.--Rythm Syndicate
5 Place in this World--Michael W. Smith
6 Rush Rush--Paula Abdul
7 Every Heartbeat--Amy Grant
8 I Wanna Sex You Up—Color Me Badd
9 Piece of My Heart--Tara Kemp
10 Fading Like a Flower--Roxette

Singles entering the chart were I Adore Mi Amor by Color Me Badd (#60); Shiny Happy People by R.E.M. (#70); Unforgettable by Natalie Cole (Duet with Nat King Cole) (#72); Good Vibrations by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch (featuring Loleatta Holloway) (#75); My Name is Not Susan by Whitney Houston (#77); Motownphilly by Boyz II Men (#82); and Pop Goes the Weasel by 3rd Bass (#87).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Rush Rush—Paula Abdul (4th week at #1)
2 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams
3 A Better Love--Londonbeat
4 More than Words—Extreme
5 Fading Like a Flower--Roxette
6 Superman's Song--Crash Test Dummies
7 It Ain't Over 'til it's Over--Lenny Kravitz
8 The Rhythm of Your Love--Glass Tiger
9 Chocolate Cake--Crowded House
10 Something to Talk About--Bonnie Raitt

Singles entering the chart were Time, Love and Tenderness by Michael Bolton (#87); The Promise of a New Day by Paula Abdul (#88); The Path of Thorns by Sarah McLachlan (#89); Shiny Happy People by R.E.M. (#91); Summertime by DJ Jazzy and The Fresh Prince (#92); Miss You in a Heartbeat by the Law (#93); Saving My Heart by Yes (#96); and Piece of My Heart by Tara Kemp (#97).

Died on this date
Ted Pillette, 83. U.S. baseball pitcher. Mr. Pillette, the younger brother of major league pitcher Herman Pillette, played 12 seasons in the minor leagues (1923-1934), mainly in the Class AA Pacific Coast League and the Class A Western League. He played in at least 293 games, winning at least 80 games and losing at least 101.

John Friedrich, 40. West German-born Australian conman. Mr. Friedrich, born Johann Friedrich Hohenberger, was responsible for more scams than this blogger cares to mention. He shot himself to death on his farm near Sale, Victoria, four days after appearing in court on a fraud charge involving almost $300,000.

Crime
2,000 youths in Penticton, British Columbia rioted after a concert by rap star MC Hammer. The youths smashed and looted downtown stores, and wrecked tourist establishments along the beach. 90 were jailed and 60 treated for injuries.

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (ARIA): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (Hit Parade Italia): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees

#1 single in Flanders (VRT): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees

#1 single in Wallonia (Ultratop 40): Macarena--Los Del Rio (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in France (SNEP): Tic, Tic Tac--Carrapicho (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (4th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (BMRB): Wannabe--Spice Girls

U.S.A. Top 10 (Billboard)
1 You're Makin' Me High/Let it Flow--Toni Braxton
2 How Do U Want It/California Love--2Pac featuring K-Ci and JoJo/2 Pac featuring Dr. Dre & Roger Troutman
3 Give Me One Reason--Tracy Chapman
4 Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)--Los Del Rio
5 Twisted--Keith Sweat
6 You Learn/You Oughta Know--Alanis Morissette
7 Change the World--Eric Clapton
8 I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)--R. Kelly
9 C'mon n' Ride It (The Train)--Quad City DJ's
10 Tha Crossroads--Bone Thugs-N-Harmony

Singles entering the chart were You Learn/You Oughta Know; Elevators (Me & You) by OutKast (#16); Stupid Girl by Garage (#46); Like a Woman by the Tony Rich Project (#76); Do You Miss Me by Jocelyn Enriquez (#95); Hang 'em High by Sadat X (#98); and Wishes by Nathan Morris (#99). Wishes was from the movie Kazaam (1996).

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 You're Makin' Me High/Let it Flow--Toni Braxton (3rd week at #1)
2 How Do You Want It/California Love--2Pac (featuring KC and JoJo)/(featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman)
3 You Learn--Alanis Morissette
4 I Can't Sleep (If I)--R. Kelly
5 C'mon n' Ride It (The Train)--Quad City DJ’s
6 Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)--Los Del Rio
7 Twisted--Keith Sweat
8 Tha Crossroads--Bone Thugs-N-Harmony
9 Give Me One Reason--Tracy Chapman
10 Insensitive--Jann Arden

Singles entering the chart were You Learn; Why Does it Hurt So Bad by Whitney Houston (#40); Mint Car by the Cure (#65); Angeline is Coming Home by the Badlees (#74); and Never Too Busy by Kenny Lattimore (#88).

Terrorism
A pipe bomb spiked with nails and screws exploded at the Atlanta Olympics Centennial Park, killing a 44-year-old Georgia woman and wounding at least 111 (see also here). Turkish television cameraman Melih Uzunyol, 40, died of a heart attack while running to cover the blast. Eric Rudolph was charged in the case in 2003, and pled guilty in 2005. Security guard Richard Jewell, who discovered the bomb and helped to clear the area, was initially suspected but exonerated, as the Federal Bureau of Investigation was criticized for its investigative tactics in the case, and the news media were upbraided for all but trying Mr. Jewell in print and on the air.



Olympics
Donovan Bailey won a gold medal for Canada in Atlanta, running the 100-metre sprint in 9.84, setting a world record. At Lake Lanier, Canadian rowers Marnie McBean and Kathleen Heddle also won gold in the double sculls, becoming Canada's first and only three-time Olympic gold medalists. Both Silken Laumann and Derek Porter rowed to silver for Canada in their single sculls. Canada now had 2 gold, 3 silver, and 3 bronze medals in the games.



Football
CFL
Hamilton (4-1) 28 @ British Columbia (0-5) 24

Damon Allen threw 3 touchdown passes in his first game with the Lions, but they still lost to the Tiger-Cats before 12,761 fans at B.C. Place Stadium in Vancouver, the lowest crowd the Lions had yet drawn since moving into the stadium in 1983.

July 26, 2016

225 years ago
1791

Born on this date
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart. Austrian musician, composer, and conductor. Mr. Mozart, the youngest child of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, played piano and violin, and began his composing career at an early age. He had moderate success as a pianist and teacher, teaching in Lemberg (Lwów) from 1813-1838, and serving as Kapellmeister of the Mozarteum in Salzburg from 1838 until his death from stomach cancer on July 29, 1844, three days after his 53rd birthday. Mr. Mozart's compositions were mainly chamber, piano, and choral works.

175 years ago
1841

Born on this date
Carl Robert Jakobson. Estonian journalist and political activist. Mr. Jakobson was an important figure in Estonian nationalist circles, especially advocating agricultural reforms. He founded the newspaper Sakala in 1878, using it to advocate Estonian cultural awakening. Mr. Jakobson died of pneumonia on March 19, 1882 at the age of 40; Estonian nationalists suspected that he was murdered by his doctor.

125 years ago
1891

Franciana
France annexed Tahiti.

100 years ago
1916

Born on this date
Herbert Norkus. German murder victim. Mr. Norkus was a member of the Hitler Youth who was murdered by Communists at the age of 15 on January 24, 1932, and became the subject of the novel and film Hitlerjunge Quex (1933).

90 years ago
1926

Died on this date
Robert Lincoln, 82. U.S. politician. Mr. Lincoln, the first son of President Abraham Lincoln and the only one to survive to adulthood, was a Republican, and served as Secretary of War in the administrations of Presidents James A. Garfield and Chester Arthur (1881-1885), and as U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom from 1889-1893. He was present or nearby when his father and two other American Presidents, Mr. Garfield and William McKinley, were assassinated. Mr. Lincoln died six days before his 83rd birthday.

80 years ago
1936

War
The Axis powers decided to intervene in the Spanish Civil War.

Canadiana
King Edward VIII officially unveiled the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France.



Baseball
The New York Yankees swept a doubleheader from the Chicago White Sox, winning 12-3 and 11-8 in 11 innings at Comiskey Park in Chicago. A number of the 50,000 fans began throwing pop bottles at umpire Bill Summers in the 8th inning of the second game after a call at first base went against the White Sox. Mr. Summers had to leave the game when he was hit in the groin by a bottle, and baseball Commissioner Kenesaw M. Landis, in attendance, offered a $5,000 reward for the culprit. The announcement resulted in more boos, and the crowd didn't settle down until White Sox' manager Jimmy Dykes publicly appealed for calm. New York first baseman Lou Gehrig hit a home run in each game.

Frankie Hayes batted 5 for 5 with a double, triple, 2 runs, and 4 runs batted in as the Philadelphia Athletics routed the Cleveland Indians 13-0 in the first game of a doubleheader at League Park in Cleveland. In the second game, the first four Cleveland batters reached base and scored--the last 3 on a home run by Hal Trosky--as the Indians won 8-5.

Eddie Wilson doubled home pinch runner Frenchy Bordagaray with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Brooklyn Dodgers a 1-0 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of a doubleheader before 15,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. Van Mungo pitched a 5-hit shutout to win the pitchers' duel over Red Lucas. In the second game, Pep Young tripled home 2 runs in the top of the 9th to give the Pirates a 3-2 lead, but the Dodgers came back with 2 in the bottom of the 9th to win 4-3, with Mr. Bordagaray coming to bat as a pinch hitter and singling home Lonny Frey with the winning run with 1 out.

In a game whose ending was strikingly similar to the previous day's game between the teams, Hank Leiber singled home Jo-Jo Moore with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the New York Giants a 5-4 win over the Cincinnati Reds in the first game of a doubleheader before 35,624 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. The Reds won the second game 5-2.

Bucky Walters limited the Chicago Cubs to just 2 hits in pitching the Philadelphia Phillies to a 4-0 win in the first game of a doubleheader before 20,000 fans at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia, but the Cubs erupted for 23 hits, including 6 home runs, in winning the second game 18-5. Chicago right fielder Frank Demaree batted 5 for 5 with 2 home runs, 4 runs, and 7 runs batted in in the second game, and winning pitcher Lon Warneke, who pitched a complete game, also homered. Dolph Camilli hit 2 homers for the Phillies, while teammate Ernie Sulik batted 4 for 4 with a double, run, and RBI.

75 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Daddy--Swing and Sway with Sammy Kaye (vocal refrain by the Kaye Choir) (4th week at #1)

War
Peru and Ecuador were reported to have agreed on a truce in their border dispute.

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered Philippine military forces into the United States Army for the duration of the emergency, while the War Department appointed General Douglas MacArthur to command the troops. The U.S. Senate Military Affairs Committee approved a resolution permitting the President to extend military service.

U.S.S.R. Red Army Lieutenant General Philip Golikov and Engineer General Alexander Repin arrived in Washington to confer with U.S. Army General George Marshall and coordinate Soviet military orders in the United States.

France and Japan announced an agreement on "the joint defense" of Indochina.

Diplomacy
Brazilian Foreign Minister Oswaldo Aranha said that his country supported U.S. foreign policies.

Economics and finance
The United Kingdom froze Japanese assets, and Japan froze American and British assets.

70 years ago
1946

War
At the Nuremberg trial of accused Nazi war criminals, U.S. Chief Prosecutor Robert Jackson called for the conviction of 22 Nazi defendants for subjugating Germany to a police state; waging wars; disregarding international law in warfare; enslaving populations; and exterminating Christians and Jews. Former French Prime Minister and Vichy cabinet minister Pierre-Etienne Flandin was sentenced in Paris to five years of national dishonour, but the court annulled the penalty due to his long imprisonment.

Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State James Byrnes distanced the United States from the Palestine division plan proposed the previous day by the Anglo-American cabinet committee.

Defense
The U.S. House and Senate passed and sent to President Harry Truman a version of the disputed MacMahon atomic energy bill, which provided for a five-man control commission without military representation, and allowed the Army and Navy to manufacture atomic weapons with presidential approval.

Transportation
Aloha Airlines began service from Honolulu International Airport.

Labour
U.S. President Truman signed the Labor Security National Labor Relations Board bill, which returned the U.S. Employment Service to the states on November 15, 1946.

60 years ago
1956

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Je vais revoir ma blonde--Darío Moreno (4th week at #1)

World events
Following the World Bank's refusal to fund the Aswan High Dam project, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation.

Crime
A U.S. Army court-martial in Munich sentenced Private Elgie Newton to 40 years in prison for throwing a hand grenade into a Munich bar, injuring 7 American soldiers and 100 Germans.

Defense
The United States Congress completed passage of a bill authorizing $2.1 billion for military base construction without the congressional oversight provisions vetoed earlier by President Dwight Eisenhower.

Disasters
The Italian luxury ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sank in the Atlantic Ocean 45 miles south of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, the day after colliding with the Swedish liner MS Stockholm. 46 passengers aboard the Andrea Doria and 5 crewmen of the Stockholm perished.



50 years ago
1966

Scandal
Retired Canadian postal clerk George Spencer was found guilty in Vancouver of gross misconduct in supplying information to the U.S.S.R. as part of an apparent effort by the Soviet secret police force KGB to recruit Mr. Spencer as an agent.

40 years ago
1976

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Howzat--Sherbet (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Yokosuka Story--Momoe Yamaguchi (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Échame A Mí La Culpa--Albert Hammond (5th week at #1)

Diplomacy
Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser began a four-day visit to the United States.

Politics and government
The Italian Communist Party gained the chairmanship of four key legislative committees.

Football
CFL
Montreal (1-0) 26 @ Saskatchewan (1-1) 17

30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Papa Don't Preach--Madonna (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): The Edge of Heaven--Wham!

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): The Edge of Heaven--Wham! (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): The Lady in Red--Chris de Burgh (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K.: Papa Don't Preach--Madonna (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel
2 Invisible Touch--Genesis
3 Nasty--Janet Jackson
4 Danger Zone--Kenny Loggins
5 Glory of Love--Peter Cetera
6 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)—-Billy Ocean
7 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red
8 Love Touch--Rod Stewart
9 Papa Don't Preach--Madonna
10 Your Wildest Dreams--Moody Blues

Singles entering the chart were Love Zone by Billy Ocean (#63); Walk This Way by Run-D.M.C. (#76); Velcro Fly by ZZ Top (#77); Nothing in Common by Thompson Twins (#86); Look Away by Big Country (#87); Hot Water by Level 42 (#88); Victory Line by Limited Warranty (#89); and So Far So Good by Sheena Easton (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel
2 Who's Johnny--El DeBarge
3 I Can't Wait--Nu Shooz
4 We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off--Jermaine Stewart
5 On My Own-—Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald
6 Invisible Touch--Genesis
7 No One is to Blame—Howard Jones
8 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)-—Billy Ocean
9 Crush on You--The Jets
10 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red

Singles entering the chart were Stuck with You by Huey Lewis and the News (#87); That was Then, This is Now by Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork (#94); Spirit in the Sky by Doctor and the Medics (#95); Black/White by Mr. Mister (#97); and Man Size Love by Klymaxx (#98).

Died on this date
W. Averell Harriman, 94. U.S. politician and diplomat. Mr. Harriman, a Democrat, was U.S. Secretary of Commerce in the administration of President Harry Truman from 1946-1948, and was Governor of New York from 1955-1959. He held several diplomatic posts, and was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's special envoy to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill during World War II.

Football
CFL
Toronto (3-2) 27 @ Saskatchewan (2-3) 17



25 years ago
1991

Radio
Canadian disc jockey Don Percy, who had been with Vancouver-area AM station CISL since January 1988, did his last morning show with the station. He returned to Winnipeg, where he had experienced his greatest career success, to become the morning man at FM station CKLU.

Scandal
Comedian Paul Reubens, better known as Pee-wee Herman, was arrested in Sarasota, Florida for masturbating during a film at a pornographic movie theatre.

Crime
About 2,000 youths rioted in Penticton, British Columbia after a concert by rap star MC Hammer; they smashed and looted downtown stores, and wrecked tourist establishments along the beach. 90 were jailed, with 60 treated for injuries.

Football
CFL
Hamilton (0-3) 16 @ Saskatchewan (1-2) 52

Baseball
Mark Gardner of the Montreal Expos pitched a no-hitter for 9 innings against the Los Angeles Dodgers before 38,957 fans at Dodger Stadium, but Lenny Harris beat out an infield single in the bottom of the 10th, and 2 more hits followed, including a single by Darryl Strawberry to drive in the game's only run as the Dodgers won 1-0. The Expos managed just 2 hits against Los Angeles pitchers Orel Hershiser, Kevin Gross, and Jay Howell.



Devon White singled and eventually scored on an error by third baseman Kevin Seitzer with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning to give the Toronto Blue Jays a 6-5 win over the Kansas City Royals before 50,326 fans at SkyDome in Toronto.

The Oakland Athletics scored 3 runs in the top of the 9th inning to break a 9-9 tie and defeat the Baltimore Orioles 12-9 before 43,207 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Ernie Riles hit a grand slam for Oakland with 2 out in the 5th inning to give the Athletics a 7-3 lead. The Athletics led 9-3 after 6 1/2 innings, but the Orioles scored 6 runs in the bottom of the 7th to tie the game, with the last 4 runs coming on a grand slam by pinch hitter Dwight Evans.

Errors by center fielder Gary Pettis and catcher Ivan Rodriguez led to an unearned run by Tony Phillips in the top of the 10th inning, giving the Detroit Tigers a 3-2 win over the Texas Rangers before 40,383 fans at Arlington Stadium. John Kiely made his major league debut with the Tigers, entering the game as a pitcher to begin the 8th inning. He surrendered a double to Juan Gonzalez and was promptly relieved by Paul Gibson.

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): e.p.--Gyllene Tider

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (7th week at #1)

Died on this date
Max Winter, 93. Czech-born U.S. sports executive. Mr. Winter moved with his family to Minneapolis in 1922, and became a successful restaurateur. He became a part owner of the Minneapolis Lakers in 1947, and was one of the founding owners of the Minnesota Vikings, who joined the National Football League as an expansion team in 1961 after initially being approved as a charter franchise in the American Football League. Mr. Winter was team president from 1965-1987, but sold his share of the team in 1985, to the chagrin of his partners. He died 27 days after his 93rd birthday.

Scandal
Former Roman Catholic bishop Hubert O'Conner was convicted of sex crimes committed at St. Joseph's Mission near Williams Lake, British Columbia in the late 1960s.

Football
CFL
Toronto (4-1) 40 @ Saskatchewan (2-3) 16

10 years ago
2006

Crime
A jury in Houston, Texas found Andrea Yates not guilty by reason of insanity in the June 20, 2001 drowning of her five children in a bathtub in the second trial she faced on the charges; she was committed to a state mental hospital.