July 26, 2016

225 years ago
1791

Born on this date
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart. Austrian musician, composer, and conductor. Mr. Mozart, the youngest child of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, played piano and violin, and began his composing career at an early age. He had moderate success as a pianist and teacher, teaching in Lemberg (Lwów) from 1813-1838, and serving as Kapellmeister of the Mozarteum in Salzburg from 1838 until his death from stomach cancer on July 29, 1844, three days after his 53rd birthday. Mr. Mozart's compositions were mainly chamber, piano, and choral works.

175 years ago
1841

Born on this date
Carl Robert Jakobson. Estonian journalist and political activist. Mr. Jakobson was an important figure in Estonian nationalist circles, especially advocating agricultural reforms. He founded the newspaper Sakala in 1878, using it to advocate Estonian cultural awakening. Mr. Jakobson died of pneumonia on March 19, 1882 at the age of 40; Estonian nationalists suspected that he was murdered by his doctor.

125 years ago
1891

Franciana
France annexed Tahiti.

100 years ago
1916

Born on this date
Herbert Norkus. German murder victim. Mr. Norkus was a member of the Hitler Youth who was murdered by Communists at the age of 15 on January 24, 1932, and became the subject of the novel and film Hitlerjunge Quex (1933).

90 years ago
1926

Died on this date
Robert Lincoln, 82. U.S. politician. Mr. Lincoln, the first son of President Abraham Lincoln and the only one to survive to adulthood, was a Republican, and served as Secretary of War in the administrations of Presidents James A. Garfield and Chester Arthur (1881-1885), and as U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom from 1889-1893. He was present or nearby when his father and two other American Presidents, Mr. Garfield and William McKinley, were assassinated. Mr. Lincoln died six days before his 83rd birthday.

80 years ago
1936

War
The Axis powers decided to intervene in the Spanish Civil War.

Canadiana
King Edward VIII officially unveiled the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France.



Baseball
The New York Yankees swept a doubleheader from the Chicago White Sox, winning 12-3 and 11-8 in 11 innings at Comiskey Park in Chicago. A number of the 50,000 fans began throwing pop bottles at umpire Bill Summers in the 8th inning of the second game after a call at first base went against the White Sox. Mr. Summers had to leave the game when he was hit in the groin by a bottle, and baseball Commissioner Kenesaw M. Landis, in attendance, offered a $5,000 reward for the culprit. The announcement resulted in more boos, and the crowd didn't settle down until White Sox' manager Jimmy Dykes publicly appealed for calm. New York first baseman Lou Gehrig hit a home run in each game.

Frankie Hayes batted 5 for 5 with a double, triple, 2 runs, and 4 runs batted in as the Philadelphia Athletics routed the Cleveland Indians 13-0 in the first game of a doubleheader at League Park in Cleveland. In the second game, the first four Cleveland batters reached base and scored--the last 3 on a home run by Hal Trosky--as the Indians won 8-5.

Eddie Wilson doubled home pinch runner Frenchy Bordagaray with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Brooklyn Dodgers a 1-0 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of a doubleheader before 15,000 fans at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. Van Mungo pitched a 5-hit shutout to win the pitchers' duel over Red Lucas. In the second game, Pep Young tripled home 2 runs in the top of the 9th to give the Pirates a 3-2 lead, but the Dodgers came back with 2 in the bottom of the 9th to win 4-3, with Mr. Bordagaray coming to bat as a pinch hitter and singling home Lonny Frey with the winning run with 1 out.

In a game whose ending was strikingly similar to the previous day's game between the teams, Hank Leiber singled home Jo-Jo Moore with 2 out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the New York Giants a 5-4 win over the Cincinnati Reds in the first game of a doubleheader before 35,624 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York. The Reds won the second game 5-2.

Bucky Walters limited the Chicago Cubs to just 2 hits in pitching the Philadelphia Phillies to a 4-0 win in the first game of a doubleheader before 20,000 fans at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia, but the Cubs erupted for 23 hits, including 6 home runs, in winning the second game 18-5. Chicago right fielder Frank Demaree batted 5 for 5 with 2 home runs, 4 runs, and 7 runs batted in in the second game, and winning pitcher Lon Warneke, who pitched a complete game, also homered. Dolph Camilli hit 2 homers for the Phillies, while teammate Ernie Sulik batted 4 for 4 with a double, run, and RBI.

75 years ago
1941

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Daddy--Swing and Sway with Sammy Kaye (vocal refrain by the Kaye Choir) (4th week at #1)

War
Peru and Ecuador were reported to have agreed on a truce in their border dispute.

Defense
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered Philippine military forces into the United States Army for the duration of the emergency, while the War Department appointed General Douglas MacArthur to command the troops. The U.S. Senate Military Affairs Committee approved a resolution permitting the President to extend military service.

U.S.S.R. Red Army Lieutenant General Philip Golikov and Engineer General Alexander Repin arrived in Washington to confer with U.S. Army General George Marshall and coordinate Soviet military orders in the United States.

France and Japan announced an agreement on "the joint defense" of Indochina.

Diplomacy
Brazilian Foreign Minister Oswaldo Aranha said that his country supported U.S. foreign policies.

Economics and finance
The United Kingdom froze Japanese assets, and Japan froze American and British assets.

70 years ago
1946

War
At the Nuremberg trial of accused Nazi war criminals, U.S. Chief Prosecutor Robert Jackson called for the conviction of 22 Nazi defendants for subjugating Germany to a police state; waging wars; disregarding international law in warfare; enslaving populations; and exterminating Christians and Jews. Former French Prime Minister and Vichy cabinet minister Pierre-Etienne Flandin was sentenced in Paris to five years of national dishonour, but the court annulled the penalty due to his long imprisonment.

Diplomacy
U.S. Secretary of State James Byrnes distanced the United States from the Palestine division plan proposed the previous day by the Anglo-American cabinet committee.

Defense
The U.S. House and Senate passed and sent to President Harry Truman a version of the disputed MacMahon atomic energy bill, which provided for a five-man control commission without military representation, and allowed the Army and Navy to manufacture atomic weapons with presidential approval.

Transportation
Aloha Airlines began service from Honolulu International Airport.

Labour
U.S. President Truman signed the Labor Security National Labor Relations Board bill, which returned the U.S. Employment Service to the states on November 15, 1946.

60 years ago
1956

Hit parade
#1 single in France (IFOP): Je vais revoir ma blonde--Darío Moreno (4th week at #1)

World events
Following the World Bank's refusal to fund the Aswan High Dam project, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation.

Crime
A U.S. Army court-martial in Munich sentenced Private Elgie Newton to 40 years in prison for throwing a hand grenade into a Munich bar, injuring 7 American soldiers and 100 Germans.

Defense
The United States Congress completed passage of a bill authorizing $2.1 billion for military base construction without the congressional oversight provisions vetoed earlier by President Dwight Eisenhower.

Disasters
The Italian luxury ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sank in the Atlantic Ocean 45 miles south of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, the day after colliding with the Swedish liner MS Stockholm. 46 passengers aboard the Andrea Doria and 5 crewmen of the Stockholm perished.



50 years ago
1966

Scandal
Retired Canadian postal clerk George Spencer was found guilty in Vancouver of gross misconduct in supplying information to the U.S.S.R. as part of an apparent effort by the Soviet secret police force KGB to recruit Mr. Spencer as an agent.

40 years ago
1976

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Howzat--Sherbet (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Japan (Oricon Singles Chart): Yokosuka Story--Momoe Yamaguchi (4th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Échame A Mí La Culpa--Albert Hammond (5th week at #1)

Diplomacy
Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser began a four-day visit to the United States.

Politics and government
The Italian Communist Party gained the chairmanship of four key legislative committees.

Football
CFL
Montreal (1-0) 26 @ Saskatchewan (1-1) 17

30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Papa Don't Preach--Madonna (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Flanders (Ultratop 50): The Edge of Heaven--Wham!

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): The Edge of Heaven--Wham! (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): The Lady in Red--Chris de Burgh (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K.: Papa Don't Preach--Madonna (3rd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel
2 Invisible Touch--Genesis
3 Nasty--Janet Jackson
4 Danger Zone--Kenny Loggins
5 Glory of Love--Peter Cetera
6 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)—-Billy Ocean
7 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red
8 Love Touch--Rod Stewart
9 Papa Don't Preach--Madonna
10 Your Wildest Dreams--Moody Blues

Singles entering the chart were Love Zone by Billy Ocean (#63); Walk This Way by Run-D.M.C. (#76); Velcro Fly by ZZ Top (#77); Nothing in Common by Thompson Twins (#86); Look Away by Big Country (#87); Hot Water by Level 42 (#88); Victory Line by Limited Warranty (#89); and So Far So Good by Sheena Easton (#90).

Canada’s Top 10 (RPM)
1 Sledgehammer--Peter Gabriel
2 Who's Johnny--El DeBarge
3 I Can't Wait--Nu Shooz
4 We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off--Jermaine Stewart
5 On My Own-—Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald
6 Invisible Touch--Genesis
7 No One is to Blame—Howard Jones
8 There’ll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)-—Billy Ocean
9 Crush on You--The Jets
10 Holding Back the Years—Simply Red

Singles entering the chart were Stuck with You by Huey Lewis and the News (#87); That was Then, This is Now by Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork (#94); Spirit in the Sky by Doctor and the Medics (#95); Black/White by Mr. Mister (#97); and Man Size Love by Klymaxx (#98).

Died on this date
W. Averell Harriman, 94. U.S. politician and diplomat. Mr. Harriman, a Democrat, was U.S. Secretary of Commerce in the administration of President Harry Truman from 1946-1948, and was Governor of New York from 1955-1959. He held several diplomatic posts, and was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's special envoy to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill during World War II.

Football
CFL
Toronto (3-2) 27 @ Saskatchewan (2-3) 17



25 years ago
1991

Radio
Canadian disc jockey Don Percy, who had been with Vancouver-area AM station CISL since January 1988, did his last morning show with the station. He returned to Winnipeg, where he had experienced his greatest career success, to become the morning man at FM station CKLU.

Scandal
Comedian Paul Reubens, better known as Pee-wee Herman, was arrested in Sarasota, Florida for masturbating during a film at a pornographic movie theatre.

Crime
About 2,000 youths rioted in Penticton, British Columbia after a concert by rap star MC Hammer; they smashed and looted downtown stores, and wrecked tourist establishments along the beach. 90 were jailed, with 60 treated for injuries.

Football
CFL
Hamilton (0-3) 16 @ Saskatchewan (1-2) 52

Baseball
Mark Gardner of the Montreal Expos pitched a no-hitter for 9 innings against the Los Angeles Dodgers before 38,957 fans at Dodger Stadium, but Lenny Harris beat out an infield single in the bottom of the 10th, and 2 more hits followed, including a single by Darryl Strawberry to drive in the game's only run as the Dodgers won 1-0. The Expos managed just 2 hits against Los Angeles pitchers Orel Hershiser, Kevin Gross, and Jay Howell.



Devon White singled and eventually scored on an error by third baseman Kevin Seitzer with 1 out in the bottom of the 11th inning to give the Toronto Blue Jays a 6-5 win over the Kansas City Royals before 50,326 fans at SkyDome in Toronto.

The Oakland Athletics scored 3 runs in the top of the 9th inning to break a 9-9 tie and defeat the Baltimore Orioles 12-9 before 43,207 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Ernie Riles hit a grand slam for Oakland with 2 out in the 5th inning to give the Athletics a 7-3 lead. The Athletics led 9-3 after 6 1/2 innings, but the Orioles scored 6 runs in the bottom of the 7th to tie the game, with the last 4 runs coming on a grand slam by pinch hitter Dwight Evans.

Errors by center fielder Gary Pettis and catcher Ivan Rodriguez led to an unearned run by Tony Phillips in the top of the 10th inning, giving the Detroit Tigers a 3-2 win over the Texas Rangers before 40,383 fans at Arlington Stadium. John Kiely made his major league debut with the Tigers, entering the game as a pitcher to begin the 8th inning. He surrendered a double to Juan Gonzalez and was promptly relieved by Paul Gibson.

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): e.p.--Gyllene Tider

#1 single in Ireland (IRMA): Killing Me Softly--The Fugees (7th week at #1)

Died on this date
Max Winter, 93. Czech-born U.S. sports executive. Mr. Winter moved with his family to Minneapolis in 1922, and became a successful restaurateur. He became a part owner of the Minneapolis Lakers in 1947, and was one of the founding owners of the Minnesota Vikings, who joined the National Football League as an expansion team in 1961 after initially being approved as a charter franchise in the American Football League. Mr. Winter was team president from 1965-1987, but sold his share of the team in 1985, to the chagrin of his partners. He died 27 days after his 93rd birthday.

Scandal
Former Roman Catholic bishop Hubert O'Conner was convicted of sex crimes committed at St. Joseph's Mission near Williams Lake, British Columbia in the late 1960s.

Football
CFL
Toronto (4-1) 40 @ Saskatchewan (2-3) 16

10 years ago
2006

Crime
A jury in Houston, Texas found Andrea Yates not guilty by reason of insanity in the June 20, 2001 drowning of her five children in a bathtub in the second trial she faced on the charges; she was committed to a state mental hospital.