July 23, 2016

Born on this date
Happy Birthday, Alla!

575 years ago
1441

Born on this date
Danjong. King of Joseon, 1452-1455. Danjong acceded to the throne upon the death of his father Munjong shortly before reaching the age of 11. The country was governed by a regency, which was overthrown in 1453 by Danjong's uncle Sejo. Sejo forced Danjong to abdicate in 1455; an attempt to restore him to the throne in 1456 was foiled, and Danjong was put to death at his place of exile on December 24, 1457 at the age of 16.

220 years ago
1796

Born on this date
Franz Berwald. Swedish composer. Dr. Berwald, an orthopedist by profession, was a Romantic composer who wrote four symphonies, as well as chamber music, vocal works, tone poems, and concertos. His music was largely ignored during his lifetime, but was better appreciated after his death on April 3, 1868 at the age of 71.

125 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Louis T. Wright. U.S. physician. Dr. Wright served with the U.S. Army Medical Corps in World War I, and later became the first Negro on the surgical staff of an integrated hospital in New York City, serving at Harlem Hospital. He was influential in instituting reforms in professionalism and standards, and in other areas such as antibiotic treatment, cancer research, chemotherapy, treating head injuries, and treating bone fractures. Dr. Wright advocated for Negro civil rights, but suffered lingering health problems, including tuberculosis, as a result of his war service, and died on October 8, 1952 at the age of 61.

Transportation
The Canadian Pacific Railway took over operation of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway.

100 years ago
1916

Died on this date
William Ramsay, 63. U.K. chemist. Sir William discovered the noble gases, and was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air." He died of nasal cancer.

90 years ago
1926

Movies
Fox Film bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

80 years ago
1936

Politics and government
The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia was founded in Spain through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.

75 years ago
1941

Died on this date
George Lyman Kittredge, 81. U.S. literary scholar. Professor Kittredge was known for his editions of the works of William Shakespeare and his studies of American folklore, especially folksongs.

José Quiñones Gonzales, 27. Peruvian military aviator. Lieutenant Quiñones was a pilot in the Peruvian Air Force whose plane was hit by ground fire during a bombing raid against Ecuadorian forces during the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War. Instead of parachuting to safety, he crashed his plane onto the Ecuadorian position and put the battery out of action, earning him status as a Peruvian national hero.

War
Peruvian and Ecuadorian trops clashed between Huaquillas and Matalpo in the disputed border zone.

The Canadian House of Commons passed Bill 80 by 141-45, sanctioning Prime Minister Mackenzie King's promise not to bring in conscription for overseas service; conscription still becames obligatory in Canada under the act.

Defense
The Vichy French government agreed to the establishment of Japanese military bases in Indochina to "protect" that possession against British, Chinese, and Free French forces.

U.S. Army General George Marshall told the Senate Military Affairs Committee that efforts by "countless outside sources" and "politicians" to get draftees to protest to Congress against the proposed extension of their service was "sabotage of the most dangerous character."

Economics and finance
U.S. Office of Production Management Director General William Knudsen, Congress of Industrial Organizations United Auto Workers of America President R.J. Thomas, and Michigan Governor Murray Van Wagoner said that an immediate 50% cur in auto production would throw thousands out of work.

70 years ago
1946

Died on this date
James Maxton, 61. U.K. politician. Mr. Maxton represented the Scottish riding of Glasgow Bridgeton in the House of Commons from 1922 until his death. Mr. Maxton was with the Labour Party until the Independent Labour Party broke away from the main party in 1932; Mr. Maxton led the ILP for the rest of his life.

Diplomacy
U.S. Commerce Secretary Henry Wallace wrote an unpublicized letter to President Harry Truman, urging a shift in American foreign policy to avert a war with the U.S.S.R. Among the changes Mr. Wallace advocated were U.S. destruction of its atomic bombs and recognition of the Soviet Union's right to maintain "friendly" regimes in states along in its borders. In a note to the U.S.S.R., the U.S. State Department accused the Soviets of stripping Hungary of food and industrial materials.

Politics and government
Paraguayan President Higinio Morinigo accepted the resignation of his entire cabinet after reaching a power-sharing agreement with the recently-legalized Colorado and Febrerista parties.

World events
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration sources estimated that 16 million people in the Chinese provinces of Kwangsi and southern Hunan were victims of "acute starvation."

Scandal
Former U.S. Congressman Ambrose Kennedy was convicted by the United States Civil Service Commission of violating the Hatch Act by taking part in political campaigns in 1943 and 1944 while employed by the Maryland Unemployment Compensation Board. Mr. Kennedy represented Maryland's 4th District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1932-1941.

Medicine
Biologist F.L. Vanderplank announced a method of preventing sleeping sickness by disturbing the tsetse fly's sex life.

Economics and finance
U.S. President Truman reluctantly signed a bill providing for government stockpiling of stategic and critical materials, but condemned its "buy American" clause.

James Caffrey was named head of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

60 years ago
1956

Diplomacy
Japan and the Philippines resumed diplomatic relations, following Philippine ratification of the 1951 San Francisco peace treaty and a separate agreement by Japan to pay the Philippines $800 million in reparations.

British Prime Minister Anthony Eden said that the United Kingdom would adopt a more flexible policy toward the U.S.S.R. in view of the fact that there had been "an essential change in the international outlook in the past two years."

Economics and finance
The World Bank announced that its $200-million loan offer for Egypt's Aswan High Dam project was contingent on the U.S. and U.K. grants, and "automatically expired" when they were withdrawn.

Law
The U.S. House of Representatives passed and sent to the Senate a bill, sponsored by the administration of President Dwight Eisehower, establishing a special Justice Department division to deal with denials of civil rights.

Health
The U.S. Public Health Service reported that fluoridation of drinking water had resulted in a "striking reduction" of tooth decay among children tested during a 10-year survey in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Swimming
John Jearmey became the first male to swim across Lake Ontario.

Baseball
Former Washington Nationals and Boston Red Sox shortstop Joe Cronin and former Detroit Tigers and Pittsburgh Pirates first baseman Hank Greenberg were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. Dusty Rhodes batted 4 for 5 with 2 home runs, 3 runs, and 4 runs batted in, hitting a 2-run homer with 1 out in the bottom of the 12th inning to end the game, as the New York Giants edged the Detroit Tigers 12-11 in the annual Hall of Fame Game at Doubleday Field.

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Strangers in the Night--Frank Sinatra (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in France: Ton Nom--Salvatore Adamo (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Italy (FIMI): Tema--I Giganti (4th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Paperback Writer--The Beatles (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the Netherlands (De Nederlandse Top 40): Sunny Afternoon--The Kinks (2nd week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (New Musical Express): Out of Time--Chris Farlowe

#1 single in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Hanky Panky--Tommy James and the Shondells (2nd week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Wild Thing--The Troggs
2 Hanky Panky--Tommy James and the Shondells
3 You Don't Have to Say You Love Me--Dusty Springfield
4 Lil' Red Riding Hood--Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs
5 The Pied Piper--Crispian St. Peters
6 Paperback Writer--The Beatles
7 I Saw Her Again--The Mamas and the Papas
8 Little Girl--Syndicate of Sound
9 Along Comes Mary--The Association
10 Red Rubber Ball--The Cyrkle

Singles entering the chart were They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa! by Napoleon XIV (#20); Distant Shores by Chad and Jeremy (#68); Almost Persuaded by David Houston (#69); A Million and One by Dean Martin (#70); I Guess I'll Always Love You by the Isley Brothers (#71); Your Good Thing (Is About to End) by Mable John (#73); A Million and One by Vic Dana (#75); Bus Stop by the Hollies (#79); Too Soon to Know by Roy Orbison (#80); Just Yesterday by Al Martino (#81); The Philly Freeze by Alvin Cash and the Registers (#83); Without a Song (Part 1) by James Cleveland and the Cleveland Singers (#85); World of Fantasy by the Five Stairsteps (#87); Sunshine Superman by Donovan (#88); Born a Woman by Sandy Posey (#89); Petticoat White (Summer Sky Blue) by Bobby Vinton (#90); Bring Back the Time by B.J. Thomas (#92); In the Basement (Part 1) by Etta James and Sugar Pie DeSanto (#93); Working in the Coal Mine by Lee Dorsey (#96); Guantanamera by the Sandpipers (#97); Make Me Belong to You by Barbara Lewis (#99); Cradle of Love by Ronnie and Robyn (#100); and Angelica by Barry Mann (also #100).

Died on this date
Montgomery Clift, 45. U.S. actor. Mr. Clift was one of the first "method" actors to make his mark in Hollywood, although he appeared in only 17 movies. He was nominated for Academy Awards for his starring roles in The Search (1948); A Place in the Sun (1951); and From Here to Eternity (1953), and for his supporting performance in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961). Serious injuries sustained in a car accident in 1956 affected his appearance and career, and contributed to increased dependence on painkillers and alcohol, eventually leading to a fatal heart attack.

Protest
Five days of rioting by Negroes in the Hough area of Cleveland concluded.

South Vietnamese Buddhist leader Thich Thien Hoa decreed an end to suicide by self-immolation, declaring that there had been too many such acts (10 so far in 1966) in South Vietnam.

Football
CFL
Pre-season
Toronto 7 @ Edmonton (1-2) 9

Jim Thomas scored a touchdown and Tommy-Joe Coffey kicked a field goal as the Eskimos edged the Argonauts at Clarke Stadium.

40 years ago
1976

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand: Fernando--ABBA (8th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Let Your Love Flow--Bellamy Brothers (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Let Your Love Flow--Bellamy Brothers (5th week at #1)

Football
NFL
College All-Star Game @ Soldier Field, Chicago
Pittsburgh Steelers 24 College All-Stars 0

The defending Super Bowl champion Steelers had no difficulty defeating the All-Stars in the 42nd and last College All-Star game. The game was played in a downpour, and heavy winds prompted All-Stars' head coach Ara Parseghian to call time out late in the 3rd quarter. At that point, thousands of fans poured onto the field, even tearing down the goal posts. All attempts to clear the field failed, and the rain was making the field unplayable, so National Football League Commissioner Pete Rozelle ordered the game called. University of Oklahoma running back Joe Washington was named the game's Most Valuable Player. Five months later, the Chicago Tribune, which sponsored the game, announced its permanent cancellation because of higher insurance costs for players and the increasing unwillingness of teams to allow high draft choices to play in the game.



30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Sweden (Topplistan): Touch Me (I Want Your Body)--Samantha Fox (3rd week at #1)

Married on this date
Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah Ferguson. The ceremony took place at Westminster Abbey in London.



25 years ago
1991

Crime
Canadian nurse Susan Nelles was awarded $30,000 after being wrongly accused of murdering four babies at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto in 1981; $10,000 was also paid a to family endowment fund.

Baseball
Nolan Ryan made his 545th consecutive start, surpassing Steve Carlton's major league record, and earned his 308th career major league win as the Texas Rangers edged the Boston Red Sox 5-4 before 40,481 fans at Arlington Stadium. Goose Gossage earned his 308th career save in relief of Mr. Ryan.

Ken Griffey, Jr. hit a grand slam in the 9th inning to insure the Seattle Mariners' 6-1 win over the New York Yankees before 17,293 fans at Yankee Stadium.

Luis Polonia, Dave Winfield, and Gary Gaetti hit home runs for the California Angels as they edged the Baltimore Orioles 5-4 before 25,537 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Winning pitcher Jim Abbott pitched 7 scoreless innings and left with a 5-0 lead, but relief pitcher Mark Eichhorn loaded the bases before being relieved by Brian Harvey, who surrendered a grand slam to Randy Milligan.

Cecil Fielder drove in 5 runs with a pair of home runs as the Detroit Tigers beat the Minnesota Twins 6-3 before 21,976 fans at Tiger Stadium.

The Oakland Athletics broke a 6-6 tie with 4 runs--the last 3 unearned--in the top of the 9th inning to defeat the Cleveland Indians 10-7 before 26,191 fans at Cleveland Stadium.

Joey Cora singled home Ron Karkovice with none out in the bottom of the 9th inning to give the Chicago White Sox a 3-2 win over the Toronto Blue Jays before 34,779 fans at Comiskey Park in Chicago.

Todd Benzinger hit a grand slam and singled home another run as the Kansas City Royals edged the Milwaukee Brewers 8-7 before 23,169 fans at Royals Stadium. The Royals led 8-1 after 6 innings, but the Brewers scored 3 runs in the 7th inning and 3 in the 9th and had the potential tying run on second base before Franklin Stubbs grounded out to end the game.

Andre Dawson had 2 hits and drove in a run, but was ejected by home plate umpire Joe West in the 7th inning after being called out on strikes, precipitating a lengthy delay, as the Chicago Cubs beat the Cincinnati Reds 8-5 before 34,458 fans at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Mr. Dawson appeared to bump Mr. West, and Chicago manager Jim Essian was also ejected. Mr. Dawson then returned to the dugout and heaved about a dozen bats onto the field, which then was followed by fans throwing trash onto the field. In the bottom of the 8th inning, Cincinnati relief pitcher Rob Dibble, who was just returning from a suspension, was ejected by Mr. West after throwing the ball at Chicago batter Doug Dascenzo on a sacrifice bunt. Chris Sabo hit 2 home runs for the Reds.



Lenny Webster singled home Juan Samuel with 1 out in the bottom of the 10th inning to give the Los Angeles Dodgers a 6-5 win over the Philadelphia Phillies before 48,925 fans at Dodger Stadium.

With 2 out and nobody on base in the bottom of the 11th inning, Thomas Howard singled, Darrin Jackson drew a base on balls, and Bip Roberts singled home Mr. Howard with the winning run as the San Diego Padres edged the Montreal Expos 2-1 before 14,007 fans at Jack Murphy-San Diego Stadium. Starting pitchers Dennis Martinez of Montreal and Andy Benes of San Diego each allowed just 1 earned run in 8 innings.

20 years ago
1996

Crime
Ontario Provincial Police officer Kenneth Deane was charged with criminal negligence causing death in the shooting of Ipperwash protester Dudley George on September 6, 1995. Mr. George was the first Canadian Aboriginal in modern times killed in a land dispute with the government.

Technology
A survey showed that 29% of Canadian adults had already used the Internet.

Science
Canadian researchers found the hormone GLP-2, that stimulates growth of the lining of the small intestine.

Olympics
Performing on a badly sprained ankle at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Kerri Strug of the United States painfully landed her second vault and fell into the arms of coach Bela Karolyi, having scored 9.712 points in the routine. It was enough to win a team gold medal for the United States women gymnasts.

10 years ago
2006

Golf
Tiger Woods won the British Open at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Merseyside, England with an 18-under-par score of 270, 2 strokes ahead of Chris DeMarco. It was the third British Open win for Mr. Woods. First prize money was £720,000.