October 20, 2016

150 years ago
1866

Europeana
Eight days after the signing of the Treaty of Vienna, France ceded Veneto to Italy. A referendum was held on October 21–22 and ratified the handover, where only 30% of the adult population voted--as was custom in the period, and did so under government pressure--resulting in a 99.99% majority for Italy.

130 years ago
1886

Baseball
World Championship Series
St. Louis Browns 4 @ Chicago White Stockings 11 (8 innings) (Chicago led best-of-seven series 2-1)

Bob Caruthers, who had pitched a shutout for the Browns the previous day, took the mound again and walked 4 batters in the 1st inning on the way to absorbing the loss at West Side Park.

125 years ago
1891

Born on this date
Samuel Flagg Bemis. U.S. historian. Dr. Bemis, a specialist in American diplomatic history, began teaching in 1917, and taught at Yale University from 1935 until his retirement in 1960. He served as President of the American Historical Association in 1961. Dr. Bemis won the Pulitzer Prize for History for Pinckney's Treaty: America's Advantage from Europe's Distress, 1783–1800 (1926), and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (1949), the first in a two-volume biography. He also wrote The American Secretaries of State and their Diplomacy, which appeared in 18 volumes (1927-1972). Dr. Bemis died on September 26, 1973, 24 days before his 82nd birthday.

James Chadwick. U.K. physicist. Sir James was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the neutron." He headed the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project atomic bomb development program during World War II. Sir James died on July 24, 1974 at the age of 82.

110 years ago
1906

Football
CRU
ORFU
Hamilton (4-0) 48 @ Toronto Victorias (0-4) 1

100 years ago
1916

Politics and government
William Martin was sworn in as Premier of Saskatchewan, replacing Walter Scott. Mr. Martin, former member of the Canadian House of Commons from Regina, had recently been chosen Liberal Party leader in order to help distance the party from allegations of corruption.

90 years ago
1926

Died on this date
Eugene V. Debs, 70. U.S. labour leader and politician. Mr. Debs was one of the key figures in the founding of the American Railway Union and the Industrial Workers of the World. He was a member of the Indiana State Senate from 1885-1889 while a membe of the Democratic Party, but later became a Socialist. Mr. Debs was the Socialist Party candidate for President of the United States in 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920. He was imprisoned for sedition in 1918 for opposing U.S. involvement in World War I, and received over 900,000 votes for President while campaiging from prison. Mr. Debs' 10-year sentence was commuted by President Warren G. Harding in December 1921, and spent his last years trying to regain his health, which was damaged by his imprisonment. He died of heart failure.

80 years ago
1936

Died on this date
Anne Sullivan, 70. U.S. teacher. Miss Sullivan was visually impaired, but learned manual sign language; she became famous as the teacher and friend of Helen Keller, who was both deaf and blind.

Baseball
New York Giants' pitcher Carl Hubbell, who had posted a record of 28-6, was named the National League's Most Valuable Player for 1936, edging out St. Louis Cardinals' pitcher Dizzy Dean, who had gone 24-13.

75 years ago
1941

Died on this date
Karl Hotz, 64. German military officer. Dr. Hotz was a civil engineer who was a reserve officer in World War I, and an oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) as feldkommandant (field commander) of occupation forces in Nantes, known for his lenient treatment of French resisters. After Germany invaded Russia in June 1941 in violation of the 1939 non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, the Comintern ordered the French Communist Party to form a National Front, which began carrying out assassinations of German officials. Oberstleutnant Hotz and his adjutant Dr. Wilhelm Sieger, left the Hotel Central in Nantes to go to the local command at Place St. Pierre when two assailants fired shots at them. Oberstleutnant Hotz was fatally shot, while Dr. Sieger attempted to pursue the assassins, who successfully escaped.

War
German armoured spearheads were within 40 miles of Moscow; the Soviet government set up a temporary capital at Kuibyshev on the Volga Rivber, 540 miles southeast of Moscow.

Abominations
Several thousand men and boys in Kragujevac, Serbia were massacred by Nazi German soldiers.

Defense
The new Panamanian government of President Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia revoked the decree which banned the arming of merchant ships sailing under Panamanian registry.

U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull infomed the Peruvian ambassador that Peru would be given "full and immediate compensation" for 18 Douglas bomber planes seized in New York.

Literature
The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano urged Italians not to read "Russian, Hungarian, English, American and French novels" because they were immoral and led to sensuality and decadence.

Economics and finance
U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau announced that the government had advanced $30 million to the U.S.S.R. against future gold deliveries to help pay for war materials bought in the United States.

The U.S. Office of Production Management priorities division issued an order curtailing the use of copper in more than 100 specific civilian articles by 40% for the rest of 1941 and entirely prohibiting it after January 1, 1942.

70 years ago
1946

Diplomacy
The National Conference on China and the Far East, representing 300 foreign affairs groups, ended a meeting in San Francisco after passing resolutions urging the withdrawal of U.S. troops from China and the Philippines; termination of U.S. aid to the Nationalist Chinese government; and greater emphasis on the establishment of democratic governments in the Far East.

Defense
The U.S.S.R. newspaper Pravda charged that Turkey's rejection of a Soviet request for joint defense of the Dardanelles resulted from U.S. pressure.

Politics and government
Berlin's first post-World War II city council elections resulted in a large victory for the Social Democrats over the Christian Democrats and Socialist Unity Party.

Religion
August Cardinal Hlond of Poland issued a pastoral letter criticizing the country's Communist government and urging Catholics to support the conservative Peasant Party in coming elections.

Protest
72 U.S. war veterans ended a 23-hour sit-down strike in the New York Stae Senate chamber after unsuccessfully demanding a special legislative session to appropriate $800 million for housing.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Ottawa (4-3-2) 15 @ Montreal (5-2-2) 25

NFL
Los Angeles (1-1-1) 28 @ Chicago Bears (2-0-1) 28
Chicago Cardinals (2-2) 36 @ Detroit (0-3) 14
New York (2-1) 14 @ Washington (2-0-1) 24
Green Bay (1-2) 19 @ Philadelphia (2-1) 7
Boston (0-3) 7 @ Pittsburgh (2-1-1) 16

AAFC
Los Angeles (3-2-1) 14 @ Cleveland (7-0) 31

60 years ago
1956

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)--Doris Day (6th week at #1)

#1 single in West Germany (Media Control): Heimweh--Freddy Quinn (13th week at #1)

#1 single in the U.K. (Record Mirror): Woman in Love--Frankie Laine

#1 singles in the U.S.A. (Billboard): Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel--Elvis Presley (Best Seller--10th week at #1; Jukebox--8th week at #1); Don't Be Cruel--Elvis Presley (Disc Jockey--7th week at #1; Top 100--7th week at #1)

U.S.A. Top 10 (Cash Box)
1 Don't Be Cruel--Elvis Presley (6th week at #1)
2 Love Me Tender--Elvis Presley
3 Honky Tonk (Parts 1 and 2)--Bill Doggett
4 Tonight You Belong to Me--Patience and Prudence
--Lawrence Welk and his Sparkling Strings
5 The Green Door--Jim Lowe
6 Just Walking in the Rain--Johnnie Ray
7 Canadian Sunset--Hugo Winterhalter and his Orchestra with Eddie Heywood
--Andy Williams
8 True Love--Bing Crosby and Grace Kelly
--Jane Powell
9 Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)--Doris Day
10 Friendly Persuasion (Thee I Love)--Pat Boone
--The Four Aces

Singles entering the chart were Hey! Jealous Lover by Frank Sinatra (#37); Petticoats of Portugal, with version by Dick Jacobs and his Orchestra, and Caesar Giovannini and his Sextette (#42); Julie by Doris Day (#47); Heeby-Jeebies by Little Richard (#50); and To the Ends of the Earth by Nat "King" Cole (also #50). Julie was the title song of the movie, which starred Miss Day.

Died on this date
Lawrence Bell, 62. U.S. aviation executive. Mr. Bell founded Bell Aircraft Corporation in 1935. Bell Aircraft made fighter planes during World War II, but was perhaps best known for the Bell X-1, in which Chuck Yeager became the first man to break the sound barrier in 1947. Mr. Bell died from a stroke.

Space
Canada launched the first Black Brant rockets at Churchill, Manitoba to examine weather and the ionosphere.

Protest
Hungarian students from Budapest Technical College and Szeged and Pecs Universities presented demands to the government that Hungary assume an "independent...internal and foreign policy" and that former First Secretary Imre Nagy be restored to a leadership position.

Diplomacy
Egyptian President Gamal Nasser conferred with Indian diplomat Krishna Menon regarding the Suez dispute.

Disasters
11 people were killed in landslides near Bogota, Colombia.

Football
CRU
IRFU
Toronto (3-9) 26 @ Ottawa (5-7) 37
Hamilton (6-6) 14 @ Montreal (10-2) 82

WIFU
Calgary (3-11) 25 @ Winnipeg (8-7) 17
Saskatchewan (9-5) 25 @ British Columbia (6-9) 22

ORFU
Kitchener-Waterloo (7-2) 20 @ Sarnia (4-5) 28
Toronto (7-3) 24 @ London (2-7) 14

The Alouettes scored 12 touchdowns--9 converted by Bill Bewley--as they routed the Tiger-Cats at Molson Stadium. The point and touchdown totals remain records for a single game in what is now the Canadian Football League.

Canadian university
McGill (1-2) 6 @ Queen's (1-1-1) 1
Western Ontario (1-2) 19 @ Toronto (2-0-1) 21

50 years ago
1966

Hit parade
#1 single in the U.K. (Record Retailer): Distant Drums--Jim Reeves (5th week at #1)

At the movies
The Defector, starring Montgomery Clift, Hardy Kruger, and Roddy McDowall, opened in theatres in West Germany. Mr. Clift had died on July 23, 1966 at the age of 45, and this was his last film.

Space
The U.S.S.R. launched the satellites Cosmos 130 and the fourth Molniya 1 (all four were designated Molniya 1).

40 years ago
1976

Law
The first U.S. copyright revision since 1909 was signed into law by President Gerald Ford, extending protection to 50 years after a copyright holder's death.

Disasters
The ferry MV George Prince was struck by a ship while crossing the Mississippi River between Destrehan and Luling, Louisiana. 78 passengers and crew died, and only 18 people aboard the ferry survived.

Baseball
World Series
The fourth game of the World Series between the Cincinnati Reds and New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium was postponed because of rain; the Reds led the best-of-seven series 3-0.

30 years ago
1986

Hit parade
#1 single in Australia (Kent Music Report): Venus--Bananarama (6th week at #1)

#1 single in Spain (PROMUSICAE): Easy Lady--Spagna (6th week at #1)

Politics and government
Premier Grant Devine led his Progressive Conservatives to a second consecutive majority in the Saskatchewan provincial election, winning 38 of 64 seats in the Legislative Assembly, down from 55 in the 1982 election. The New Democratic Party, led by former Premier Allan Blakeney, won 25 seats, up from 9 in 1982. Liberal Party leader Ralph Goodale won his party's only seat.

25 years ago
1991

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): Set Adrift on Memory Bliss--PM Dawn

#1 single in Switzerland: (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (12th week at #1)

Austria's Top 10 (Ö3)
1 (Everything I Do) I Do it for You--Bryan Adams (4th week at #1)
2 Do the Limbo Dance--David Hasselhoff
3 Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')--Kate Yanai
4 Any Dream Will Do--Jason Donovan
5 Wind of Change--Scorpions
6 Sailing on the Seven Seas--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)
7 Love and Understanding--Cher
8 Keep Your Love Alive--Bilgeri
9 Losing My Religion--R.E.M.
10 Pandora's Box--OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)

Singles entering the chart were Something Got Me Started by Simply Red (#16); Déjà vu by Blue System (#20); You Really Got Me by Gina T. (#23); and Ich bin müde by Boris Bukowski (#30).

Disasters
More than 1,000 people were killed when an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck the Uttarkashi region of India.

A firestorm near Oakland, California killed 25 people and destroyed 3,469 homes and apartments, causing more than $2 billion in damage.

Auto racing
Ayrton Senna of Brazil clinched the Formula One world driving championship for the third time when he finished in second place at the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka Circuit. Nigel Mansell of the United Kingdom, his closest competitor in the overall standings, spun off the track after 9 laps. Gerhard Berger of Austria won the race, with Riccardo Patrese of Italy finishing third (see video).

Football
CFL
Calgary (10-6) 27 @ Toronto (11-5) 34

Rocket Ismail returned a punt 69 yards for a touchdown with less than 2 minutes remaining in regulation time to give the Argonauts their win before 33,590 fans at SkyDome, clinching first place in the East Division for Toronto. Fullback Mark Brus dressed for the Argonauts in his only game in a Toronto uniform.



Ottawa (6-10) 28 @ Saskatchewan (6-10) 41

Lucius Floyd rushed for 113 yards--including a 25-yard touchdown--and caught a 20-yard touchdown pass to help the Roughriders beat the Rough Riders before 19,478 fans at Taylor Field in Regina. The Saskatchewan defense forced 6 Ottawa turnovers and made 5 quarterback sacks.

British Columbia (10-6) 39 @ Edmonton (10-6) 38 (OT)

A poor decision by Edmonton head coach Ron Lancaster led to the Eskimos' loss to the Lions on a sunny Sunday afternoon before 30,472 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. B.C. quarterback Doug Flutie had moved the team better against the wind than with the wind during regulation time, and the game was tied 38-38 after 60 minutes, with overtime consisting of two 5-minute halves. The Eskimos won the coin toss, but Mr. Lancaster elected to have B.C. take possession against the wind in the second half. The first half of overtime was scoreless, and when the Lions took possession to begin the second half of overtime, they used up the entire clock in moving into possession for Lui Passaglia to kick a single point on the last play to win the game. The most exciting play of regulation time was a punt return for a touchdown by Henry "Gizmo" Williams of the Eskimos. It was his fifth punt return touchdown of the season, a CFL record. Edmonton fullback Blake Marshall set a club record with his 20th touchdown of the season, but later suffered a knee injury that put him out of action for the final 2 games of the regular season. Edmonton slotback Craig Ellis extended his streak of consecutive games with at least one pass reception to 100.



Baseball
World Series
Atlanta Braves 2 @ Minnesota Twins 3 (Minnesota led best-of-seven series 2-0)

Chili Davis hit a 2-run home run in the bottom of the 1st inning to give the Twins a 2-0 lead before 55,145 fans at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, but the Braves scored single runs in the 2nd and 5th to tie the game. Minnesota third baseman Scott Leius hit a home run leading off the 8th to give the Twins the lead, which they held. Kevin Tapani pitched 8 innings to get credit for the win, while Rick Aguilera got the save. Tom Glavine pitched a complete game in taking the loss.



Nippon Series
Hiroshima Toyo Carp 4 @ Seibu Lions 2 (Best-of-seven series tied 1-1)

20 years ago
1996

Hit parade
#1 single in New Zealand (RIANZ): What's Love Got to Do with It--Warren G featuring Adina Howard

#1 single in Austria (Ö3): Break My Stride--Unique II (5th week at #1)

#1 single in Switzerland: Salva Mea--Faithless

#1 single in Scotland (OCC): Say You'll Be There--Spice Girls

Hockey
NHL
New York Rangers 2 @ Tampa Bay 5

This was the first game at the Ice Palace in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Football
CFL
Toronto (13-3) 24 @ Edmonton (10-7) 17

Doug Flutie completed a 4-yard touchdown pass to Robert Drummond with 4:25 remaning in regulation time to break a 17-17 tie and give the Argonauts their win over the Eskimos before 27,576 fans at Commonwealth Stadium. Mr. Drummond rushed for 77 yards.



Baseball
World Series
Atlanta Braves 12 @ New York Yankees 1 (Atlanta led best-of-seven series 1-0)

Andruw Jones, 19, became the youngest player in World Series history to hit a home run, as he homered in each of the 2nd and 3rd innings to help the Braves rout the Yankees before 56,365 fans in the first World Series game at Yankee Stadium since 1981.



Nippon Series
Orix BlueWave 2 @ Yomiuri Giants 0 (Orix led best-of-seven series 2-0)

Willie Fraser (1-0) allowed 2 hits in 6+ innings and three relief pitchers held the Giants hitless over the final 3 innings as the BlueWave shut out the Giants before 45,086 fans at the Tokyo Dome. Hiromi Makihara (0–1) and four relievers allowed just 6 hits.

10 years ago
2006

Died on this date
Jane Wyatt, 96. U.S. actress. Miss Wyatt appeared in movies such as Lost Horizon (1937) and Gentleman's Agreement (1947), but was best known for playing Margaret Anderson in the television series Father Knows Best (1954-1960), for which she won three Emmy Awards.

Football
CFL
Saskatchewan (9-8) 13 @ Toronto (10-7) 9

Kerry Joseph threw a touchdown pass and led two drives that resulted in field goals as the Roughriders edged the Argonauts before 30,323 fans at Rogers Centre.